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熱點練02閱讀理解之主旨大意題(熱點話題)
主旨大意題主要考查考生對所讀材料(或所讀材料片段)中心思想或標題的概括。做這類題時,考生應
通讀全文,把握文章大意或中心思想,同時注意文章的主題句,因為主題句表達了文章的中心思想,而其
他句子均圍繞主題句展開。主題句通常位于文章第一段首句、第一段末句或全文末句處,但有時也位于段
落中間(通常是第一段或最后一段的中間)。主旨大意題的考查形式有很多,如概括標題、主題、段意、中
心思想等。
常見的設問方式有:
1.標題型
Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?
Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?
Whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext?
Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?
2.主題型
Whatisthetextmainlyabout?
Whatisthe...paragraphmainlyabout?
Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?
3.目的題
Themainpurposeofthepassageisto.....
考向1:段首,段尾常考
文章中首段首句或末段末句往往是中心句,所以命題者常常在首尾兩段出主旨大意題。
Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?
A.5GontheWaytoMaking"Dialogue"BetweenCars
B.5GLeavesDriversFreeWhenTheyAreDriving
C.5GHasBeenPopularwithDriversAroundtheWorld
D.5GIstoBringGreatConveniencetoOurDailyLife
首段Carscouldsoonbecommunicatingwitheachotherusing5Gtomakedriversawareofupcominghazards(危
險),scientistsclaim.Theextremelyfastmobileinternetwouldallowforrapidinformationtransmissionandcould
makedriversawareofblackice,potholesorotherdangersupahead.
第一段的“Carscouldsoonbecommunicatingwitheachotherusing5Gtomakedriversawareofupcoming
hazards(危險),scientistsclaim(科學家稱,汽車很快就能通過5G相互通信,讓司機意識到即將到來的危險)”
可知,作者講述了5G網絡將安裝在汽車上,汽車可以通過5G網絡互相“對話”,讓司機提前意識到危險,
因此本文最適合的題H是A選項5GontheWaytoMaking"Dialogue“BetweenCars(5G正在成為汽車之間
的“對話”),故選A。
考向2:語義轉折處(尤其是首段)常考
轉折連詞but/however等后所跟的內容往往是作者真實的寫作目的或基本觀點,而這很有可能就是文章的
中心思想。
考向3:因果句???/p>
因果連詞because,since,as,for,so,therefore等后也可表現(xiàn)出作者的目的,觀點和文章的主題,所以也是常
考考點。
考向4:特殊標點符號后的內容???/p>
特殊標點符號常用:破折號,括號,冒號,引號。尤其是首段這些符號后的內容往往表達了作者的觀點,
闡述了全文的主題。
滿分技巧
主旨大意題解題技巧:
1.時間緊迫的情況下,只讀首尾段,確定中心。
2.閱讀時注意出現(xiàn)頻率高的單詞,高頻詞法。
3.排除內容片面,單一的選項。一般選擇概括全文,內容全面,含義深刻,說明道理的選項。
熱點話題
說明文科技環(huán)保類:三星堆遺址中祭祀坑的發(fā)現(xiàn)、發(fā)掘工作及意義,過度使用電子屏幕的影響,北京冬奧
會,5G
議論文社會現(xiàn)象類:如何充分利用個性化電子軟件
記敘文:體操運動員Ellie的成功經歷
第一組(2021?浙江卷?B篇)
話題:本文為說明文,過度使用電子屏幕的影響難度:★★建議用時:6分鐘
Weliveinatownwiththreebeaches.Therearetwoparkslessthan10minutes'walkfromhome
whereneighbourhoodchildrengathertoplay.However,whatmychildrenwanttodoafterschoolispick
upascreen-anyscreen-andstareatitforhours.Theyarenotalone.Today'schildrenspendanaverage
offourandahalfhoursadaylookingatscreens,splitbetweenwatchingtelevisionandusingtheInternet.
Inthepastfewyears,anincreasingnumberofpeopleandorganisationshavebeguncomingupwith
planstocounterthistrend.Acoupleofyearsago,film-makerDavidBondrealisedthathischildren,then
agedfiveandthree,wereattachedtoscreenstothepointwherehewasabletosay"chocolate"intohis
three-year-oldson'searwithoutgettingaresponse.Herealisedthatsomethingneededtochange,and,
beingaLondonmediatype,appointedhimself"marketingdirectorforNature".Hedocumentedhis
journeyashesetabouttreatingnatureasabrandtobemarketedtoyoungpeople.TheresultwasProject
WildThing,afilmwhichchartsthebirthoftheWildNetwork,agroupoforganisationswiththecommon
goalofgettingchildrenoutintonature.
"Justfivemoreminutesoutdoorscanmakeadifference,MDavidBondsays."Thereisalotofreally
interestingevidencewhichseemstobesuggestingthatifchildrenareinspireduptotheageofseven,then
beingoutdoorswillbeahabitforlife."Hisownchildrenhavegotintothehabitofplayingoutsidenow:
nWejustsendthemoutintothegardenandtellthemnottocomebackinforawhile.1'
Summerisuponus.Thereisanamazingworldoutthere,anditneedsourchildrenasmuchasthey
needit.Letusgetthemoutandletthemplay.
I.Whatistheproblemwiththeauthor'schildren?
A.Theyoftenannoytheneighbours.
B.Theyaretiredofdoingtheirhomework.
C.Theyhavenofriendstoplaywith.
D.Theystayinfrontofscreensfortoolong.
2.HowdidDavidBondadvocatehisidea?
A.Bymakingadocumentaryfilm.
B.Byorganizingoutdooractivities.
C.ByadvertisinginLondonmedia.
D.Bycreatinganetworkoffriends.
3.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword"charts"inparagraph2?
A.recordsB.predictsC.delaysD.confirms
4.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?
A.LetChildrenHaveFun
B.YoungChildrenNeedMoreFreeTime
C.MarketNaturetoChildren
D.DavidBond:ARoleModelforChildren
第二組
話題:本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了北京冬奧會在制冰難度:★★建議用時:6分鐘
的原料和技術上的精益求精。
Althoughtheweatherisveryhotnow,thecarnivaloficeandsnowisgettingcloser.Thepreparationworkfor
BeijingWinterOlympicGames,whichareexpectedtobeginonFeb4,2022,hasentereditsfinalstage.InJanuary,
2021,theice-makingworkonthe“IceRibbon^^,alandmarkvenuefortheBeijingWinterOlympics,was
completed.
IntheWinterOlympics,whereracescanbewonorlostbyasmalltimegap,tinyimperfectionsintheicecan
makeallthedifference.uIfsnotjustahunkoficelikeyou*dnonnallythinkof,likeicecubessittinginyour
freezer,toldKennethGolden,aUSmathematicianwhostudiesthestructuresofice."It'samuchmore
fascinatingandcomplexsubstancethanpeoplewouldnormallythink.^^
Thefirststepforbuildinganyicerinkistopurifythewatertoremovedissolvedsolidslikesaltsandminerals.
Suchimpuritiesdon'tfitintheregularhexagonal(六邊形的)structureoficethatformsaswaterfreezes.The
morepurethewateris,themoreconsistenttheicesurface.
Inadditiontotheneedforexcellenceintherawmaterialsofice-making,technologyisalsoveryimportant.
Asoneofthemostadvancedtechnologiesforwintersportsvenues,acarbondioxide(CO2)coolingtechnology
hasbeenappliedonalargescalefortheBeijingWinterOlympicGames.CO2isnotnewwhenitcomesto
ice-making.However,ithasbeengraduallyreplacedbytheman-maderefrigerant,likeFreon.
Withincreasingattentiontowardclimatechange,theoldrefrigeranthascomeintouseagain.Asanelement
oftheatmosphere,CO2doesn'tdamagetheozonelayer.AlthoughCO2isagreenhousegas,itsgreenhouseeffect
ismuchlowerthanthatofothersyntheticrefrigerants.TheWinterOlympicsvenuesadoptedCO2insteadofFreon
asarefrigerantinice-making,whichwillreducecarbondioxideemissionsgreatly.
“WebelievethesetechnologicalinnovationswillbringBeijing2022tospectatorsallovertheworldina
moreimpressiveway,"toldGaoBofromtheMediaOperationsDepartmentoftheOrganizingCommitteeofthe
BeijingWinterOlympicGames.
8.Whatistheresultofimpuritiesinwaterforice-making?
A.Thewaterisn*tabletofreezecompletely.
B.Thequalityoftheicewillbeaffected.
C.Theicesurfacewillbemoreconsistent.
D.It'slikelyforathletestofallontheice.
9.WhyhasCO2coolingtechnologybeenappliedfortheWinterOlympicGames?
A.It'sthemostadvancedtechnologiesforice-making.
B,CO2ismoreefficientthanotherrefrigerants.
C.CO2ismoreenvironmentally-friendlythanFreon.
D.CO2hasalreadyexistedintheatmosphere.
10.WhatisGaoBo'sattitudetoCO2beingappliedtoice-making?
A.Unclear.B.Opposed.C.Doubtful.D.Favourable.
11.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?
A.TheBeijingWinterOlympicGamesIsComing.B.BeneathOlympicIce.
C.TheUseofRefrigerantsinOlympicGames.D.TheStructureofIce.
第三組
話題:本文是說明文,介紹了三星堆遺址中祭祀坑的發(fā)現(xiàn)、難度:★★建議用時:6分鐘
發(fā)掘工作及意義。
Six"sacrificialpits(祭祀坑)”,datingback3,200to4,000years,werenewlydiscoveredinSanxingdui
RuinssiteinGuanghan,SouthwestChina*sSichuanprovince.Over500artifacts,includinggoldmasks,bronze
wares,ivories,jades,andtextiles,wereunearthedfromthesite.
Sanxingduisite,firstfoundin1929,isgenerallyconsideredasoneofthemostimportantarchaeologicalsites
alongtheupperreachesoftheYangtzeRiver.However,large-scaleexcavationonthesiteonlybeganin1986,
whentwopits-widelybelievedfbrsacrificialceremonies-wereaccidentallydiscovered.
InvestigationintheareaaroundNo1and2pitswasrelaunchedinOctober2019,andNo3pitwasfoundin
December2019,accordingtoLeiYu,aresearcherofSichuanProvincialCulturalRelicsandArchaeology
ResearchInstitutewhoheadstheongoingexcavation.Thirty-fourresearchuniversitiesandresearchinstitutes
havecooperatedinthisproject.Hesaidthenewdiscoverieswillhelptobetterunderstandmanyunexplained
findingsin1986.
MoreexcavationfollowedinMarch2020,andfivemorepitswerefoundlastyear.Anddetailedresearch
beganinOctober.Excavationcapsuleswithhi-techequipmentweresetupinthepitstobetterconservethesite.
Sanxingduisitecoversanareaof12squarekilometers,anditscorezoneofanancientcitycoversnearly4
squarekilometers.AccordingtotheNationalCulturalHeritageAdministration,studiesofSanxingduisitewill
becomeacrucialprojectinanongoingprogramArchaeologyChina,whichtriestoexplaintheoriginsofChinese
civilizationandhowdiverseculturescommunicateandcometogether.
8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“excavation"inparagraph2probablymean?
A.DiscoveryB.Dig
C.ExplorationD.Expansion
9.HowdidarchaeologistspreservetheSanxingduisite?
A.Bydividingthetaskofexcavationintoseveralparts.
B.Bycooperatingwithresearchuniversitiesandinstitutes.
C.Byusingexcavationcapsulearmedwithhi-techequipment.
D.Byconductingmoreinvestigationsaroundthesite.
10.Whatcanweinferaboutthepitsfromthetext?
A.Allsacrificialsiteswerediscoveredinthemeantime.
B.TheexcavationofSanxingduisiteonlybeganin1986.
C.TherewerealtogethersixsacrificialpitsdiscoveredinSanxingduisite
D.Thesizeofthecorezoneisapproximately1/3timesthatofSanxingduisite.
11.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?
A.SacrificialpitswereunearthedinSanxingduiSite.
B,SanxingduiSiteneededtobeconserved.
C.SanxingduidiscoveriescastlightonancientChina.
D.Hi-techhelpedtoexcavateSanxingduiSite.
第四組
話題:這是一篇記敘文.講述了體操運動員Ellie的成功歷程難度:★★建議用時:6分鐘
Elliewasaskilledgymnast(體操運動員).Butshelikedshowingoff(炫耀)).Atthegymnasticstryout
(選拔賽),sheputonaperfectperformance."Seewhocandothat!”shesaidproudly.
ThenextFriday,thelistwaspostedannouncingwhohadmadetheteam.Ellie'snamewasn'tonit."It'sunfair.
I'mbetterthanalltheothergirls!”shesaid.Shewenttoseethecoach.
"Youarequitetalented,butyourattitudeisterrible,uthecoachsaid."Makingthegymnasticsteamisn'tjust
aboutgymnastics.It'salsoaboutbeingonateam.MThatnightElliecomplainedtoherparents.Hermotherwas
angry,butherfathersaidthatthecoachhadapoint.Theyhadabigargument.Elliecouldn'tsleep.Shekept
thinkingaboutwhatthecoachhadsaid.
Elliecouldn'tstayawayfromthegym,soshepracticedalone.Oneday,afterwatchingAnnfalloffthe
parallelbars(雙杠)againandagain,EllierantoherandexplainedtoAnnwhatshewasdoingwrong.Anndidas
Elliesuggestedandimproved.Elliedidn'tnoticethecoachwaslookingather.Overthenextfewmonths,Ellie
alwayshelpedtheothergirls.Theydidbetterandbetter."Wecouldn'thavedonethiswithoutEllie'shelp,*'the
girlssaid.
Thefollowingyear,Ellietriedoutforthegymnasticsteamagain.Thistime,shewasmodest.Whenthegirls
praisedher,shejustsmiledandthankedthem.Whenthecoachpostedthelistofwhohadmadetheteam,her
namewasonit.Ellieandtheothergirlswereallveryhappy.
4.HowdidElliefeelwhenshewenttoseethecoach?
A.Angry.B.Happy.C.Proud.D.Nervous.
5.Elliecouldn'tsleepontheFridaynightbecause.
A.sheslepttoomuchintheafternoon
B.shehadanargumentwithhermother
C.shewasworriedaboutthegymnasticstryout
D.shewasthinkingaboutthemeaningsofthecoach'swords
6.Whichistherightorderofthefollowingevents?
@Elliepracticedalone.②Ellie'sparentsargued.
③Elliecoachedothergirls.④Ellieshowedoffatthegymnasticstryout.
A.③①④②B.③④②①C.④②①③D.④①③②
7.What'sthebesttitleforthetext?
A.AseriouscoachB.AgymnasticsteamC.GymnasticstryoutsD.Gymnasticscompetitions
第五組
話題:這是一篇議論文,論述如何充分利用個性化電子軟件難度:★★建議用時:6分鐘
In1953,whenvisitinghisdaughter?smathsclass,theHarvardpsychologistB.F.Skinnerfoundeverypupil
learningthesametopicinthesamewayatthesamespeed.Later,hebuilthisfirst"teachingmachine”,whichlet
childrentacklequestionsattheirownpace.Sincethen,educationtechnology(edtech)hasrepeatedthecycleof
hypeandflop(炒作和失敗),evenascomputershavereshapedalmosteveryotherpartoflife.
Softwaresto<6personalize^^learningcanhelphundredsofmillionsofchildrenstuckinmiserableclasses一but
onlyifedtechsupporterscanresistthetemptationtoreviveharmfulideasabouthowchildrenleam.Alternatives
havesofarfailedtoteachsomanychildrenasefficientlyastheconventionalmodelofschooling,where
classrooms,hierarchicalyear-groups,standardizedcurriculumsandfixedtimetablesarestillthetypicalpatternfor
mostoftheworld'snearly1.5billionschoolchildren.Underthispattern,toomanydonotreachtheirpotential.
Thatconditionremainedalmostunchangedoverthepast15years,thoughbillionshavebeenspentonITin
schoolsduringthatperiod.
Whatreallymattersthen?Theanswerishowedtechisused.Onewayitcanhelpisthroughtailor-made
instruction.Reformersthinkedtechcanputindividualattentionwithinreachofallpupils.Theotherwayedtech
canaidlearningisbymakingschoolsmoreproductive.InCaliforniaschools,insteadoftextbooks,pupilshave
“playlists”,whichtheyusetoaccessonlinelessonsandtaketests.Thesoftwareassesseschildren'sprogress,
lighteningteachers5markingloadandallowingthemtofocusonothertasks.Astudysuggestedthatchildrenin
earlyadoptersofthismodelscorebetterinteststhantheirpeersatotherschools.
Suchinnovationiswelcome.Butmakingthebestofedtechmeansgettingseveralthingsright.First,
"personalizedleaming^^mustfollowtheevidenceonhowchildrenleam.Itmustnotbeanexcusetorevive
pseudoscientificideassuchas"'learningstyles”:thetheorythateachchildhasaparticularwayoftakingin
information.Thistheorygaverisetogovernment-sponsoredschemeslikeBrainGym,whichclaimedthatsome
pupilsshouldstretchorbendwhiledoingsums.Alessconsequentialfalsehoodisthattechnologymeanschildren
donotneedtolearnfactsorleamfromateacher—insteadtheycanjustuseGoogle.Someeducationalistsgo
further,arguingthatfactsqetinthewayofskillssuchascreativity.Actually,theoppositeistrue.Accordingto
studies,mosteffectivewaysofboostinglearningnearlyallreliedonthecraftofateacher.
Second,edtechmustnarrow,ratherthanwiden,inequalitiesineducation.Heretherearegroundsfor
optimism.SomeofthepioneeringschoolsareprivateonesinSiliconValley.Butmanymorearerunby
charter-schoolgroupsteachingmostlypoorpupils,wherelaggards(成績落后者)makethemostprogressrelative
totheirpeersinnormalclasses.AsimilarpatterncanbeobservedoutsideAmerica.
Third,thepotentialforedtechwillberealizedonlyifteachersembraceit.Theyarerighttoaskforevidence
thatproductswork.Butskepticismshouldnotturnintoirrationalopposition.Givenwhatedtechpromisestoday,
closed-mindednesshasnoplaceintheclassroom.
1.Accordingtothepassage,educationtechnologycan.
A.decreaseteachers'workingload
B.facilitatepersonalizedlearning
Chelpstandardizecurriculums
D.belovedbyschoolchildren
2.WhichexamplebestarguesagainsttheunderlinedsentenceinPara.4?
A.Thestudentswhoarebetteratmemorizationtendtobelesscreative.
B.Schoolswithbansonphoneshavebetterresultsthanhigh-techones.
C.Shakespearewastrainedingrammarbuthepennedmanygreatplays.
D.LuXun'screativitywasunlockedafterhegaveupstudyingmedicine.
3.Theauthorbelievesthatedtechfunctionswellonlywhenitis.
A.attheserviceofteaching
B.limitedinuseamongpupils
C.aimedatnarrowingthewealthgap
D.inlinewithstudents?learningstyles
4.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?
A.Tostresstheimportanceofedtech.
B.Tointroducetheapplicationofedtech.
C.Todiscusshowtogetthebestoutofedtech.
D.Toappealfbrmoreopen-mindednesstoedtech.
第六組
話題:這是一篇說明文,主題語境是人與自然。難度:★★建議用時:6分鐘
Cetaceans(鯨目動物)communicatethroughsoundtofindfoodandtointeractsocially.Theirsoundsvary
betweenspeciesandwithincommunities.Thelong-finnedpilotwhalescanmimic(模仿)artificialnoise,but
nobodyhadpreviouslyrecordedthem.Anewstudy,however,foundoverlapinthecetaceansoundbook.
Pilotwhalesandorcas(虎鯨),thetwolargestspeciesofcetaceans,areoftenseeninthesameenvironments
andaresimilarsizes,andbothliveinsocialgroupswithstrongunion,saysCharlotteCure,aresearcherat
CEREMALabinFrance,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy.Orcascompeteforfoodwithlong-finnedpilot
whalesandarepotentiallytheirpredators.
Evidencefromorcastomachsshowstheydooccasionallyeatpilotwhales.Butpilotwhalescanmob(成群田
?。゛ndchasethemaway,theonlycetaceansseendefendingthemselvesfromthestrongenemiesinthisway.
Mimicrycouldserveasadditionaldefense;440neassumptionisthatiftheyusesimil
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