2024屆北京市海淀區(qū)高三下學(xué)期一模英語試題

英語試題第一部分知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，30分）第一節(jié)（共10小題，每小題1.5分，共15分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。Itwas4:30pm.AsIwaspackingup,Inoticedmycolleaguehadlefthislaptopbagintheoffice.SoIdecidedtobringittohim.Ittookmeabout15minutestogettohishouse,whereI1thebagandgotrightbackontheroad.SuddenlyasnowstormcameandwithinminutesIwasinawhiteout.IstoppedbecauseIwasafraidofdrivingintoafarmer’sfield,orworse.Ikeptthecar2tostaywarmandcalled911．Theytoldmetosittightandwaitthingsoutforthenight.Thosesecondsafterthecallwere3.Breathe,Itoldmyself.Panickingwon’thelp.Itextedmycolleague,jokingaboutmygooddeedendingin4.HesuggestedIshareasatelliteviewofmy5onmysocialmedia.AndIdidso,prayingthatanyonewhoknewtheresidentsofthenearbyfarmscouldgetmerescued.Waitinginthecar,Idoubtedwhether6wouldbeabletocome.Soonenough,though,Igotamessagefromsomeonewhowasgoingtoputmeintouchwiththem.At8pm,Isawatallfigureinayellowraincoatstridingtowardmeinthedark,carryingaflashlight.I’dneverbeenmore7toseesomeoneinmylife.ItwasAndréBouvier,who’dwalkedabout550yardstocomegetme,fightingthewindandsnoweachstepoftheway.Heturnedaroundandstartedtotrudgethroughthesnow,sureofthedirection.Idrovebehindhim,feelingmyheartbegintobeatmore8.Whenwereachedhishouse,Iburstintotears,allmyfearsturningintoreliefand9.Theexperiencehasbeenagamechangerforme.Inow10challengeswithasenseofcalmI’dnotknownbefore.Butbestofall,itbroughtAndréintomylife.1．A．droppedoff B．filledup C．setaside D．putaway2．A．locked B．parked C．signaling D．running3．A．painful B．critical C．disappointing D．impressive4．A．failure B．smoke C．disaster D．mystery5．A．route B．location C．direction D．destination6．A．news B．help C．hope D．faith7．A．satisfied B．surprised C．relieved D．worried8．A．slowly B．excitedly C．nervously D．strongly9．A．recognition B．a(chǎn)dmiration C．satisfaction D．a(chǎn)ppreciation10．A．identify B．present C．a(chǎn)pproach D．a(chǎn)nticipate第二節(jié)（共10小題，每小題1.5分，共15分）閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡指定區(qū)域作答。AAparent’snightmareturnedtoreliefinFloridaaspolicemenswiftlyrescuedamissingfive-year-oldgirlwithautism.Thelocalpolicelaunchedadesperatesearch,11（use）airandgroundefforts.Thermalimaging（熱成像）12（lead）tothediscoveryofherinaswampyarea.Abody-worncameracapturedtheheroicmomentofherrescue.13policemen’squickresponse,shewasfoundunharmed.Thepublicpraisedtheteam’sefficiencyinturning14couldhavebeenatragedyintoaheartwarmingreunion.BLi-ionbatteriesstorealotofenergyinasmallamountofspace.Whenthatenergyisreleasedinanuncontrolledmanner,itgeneratesheat,15cantransformcertaininternalbatterycomponentsintoburnablegases.Consumersshouldpurchasebatteriesthatareonlylistedbyanationally16（recognize）testinglaboratoryandstopusingthedeviceifthebatteryshowssignsofdamage,suchasanunusualsmell,excessiveheat,poppingsoundsorchangeincolor.Amongalltheplacestochargethesedevices,17（safe）oneisoutdoorsawayfromanystructureandnotindirectsunlight.CForbrandstosucceed,theymustgraspandadapttoevolvingconsumertaste.Overthepastdecade,China18（witness）ashiftinconsumerbehaviormarkedbytheriseofguochao,atrendemphasizingnationalisticbranding.Chineseconsumersdisplayedastrong19（prefer）forlocally-madeproducts.Therefore,it’scrucialforbrandstogenuinelycomprehendandhonorlocalcustoms,traditions,andvalues.WhileintegratingChineseelementsintomarketingstrategiescanbeeffective,itshouldbehandledthoughtfully20（avoid）culturalinsensitivity.第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，38分）第一節(jié)（共14小題；每小題2分，共28分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AWithallthedietaryinformationonline,itcanbehardtoknowwhattipstofollow.Watchoutforthesewordsandexpressions.FatIsGoodItdoesn’tmatterifyouarepartofthefatisGOODforyouorBADforyougroup,theimportantquestiontoaskisthesourceofthefat.Ifitcomesfromaland-basedanimal,andislikelytobesolidatroomtemperature,thenitissaturated（飽和的）fatwhereasifitcomesfromfishorplants,anditislikelytobeliquidatroomtemperature,thenitisunsaturatedfat.Alltheevidenceindicatesthateatingmoreunsaturatedfatthansaturatedfatlowersyourriskofdyingearly.NaturalSugarIsBetterThevastmajorityofsugarweconsumeissucrose（蔗糖）.Itisthewhitepowderedstuffwecookwithandismadeupofglucoseandfructose.Howaboutsugarfromhoney?Itisoftenmarketedasnaturalandbetterforyou.Actually,itjusthasitsowndistinctflavour,butisassweetbecauseofglucoseandfructose.High-pHWaterSomepeoplethinkweneedtoeatalkali（堿）foodtomaintainourbloodatapHof7.4.Buteverythingweeatordrinkpassesthroughthestomach,which,atapHof1.5,isthemostacidicpartofthebody.ItisthenneutralisedtoapHof7.So,nothingweeatwillchangethepHofourblood.Don’tEatAnythingThatYouCan’tPronounceWhetherfoodsarenaturalorhighlyprocessed,theyareallfullofchemicals.Areyousupposedtofear“phenylthiocarbamide”,becauseyoucan’tpronounceit?Thisissimplythechemicalresponsibleforthebittertastefoundinbrassicas,theplantsinthecabbageandmustardfamily.Don’tEatFoodWithMoreThanFiveIngredients（佐料）Simplefoodsarenotnecessarilyhealthierforyou.IfI,forinstance,useChinesefivespicepowderinarecipe,thatwouldcountasoneofthefiveingredients.However,whatifIaddedthetypicalcomponentsoffivespicepowderseparatelyintoadish?Doesthatmeanmyrecipesuddenlybecomesbadbecauseithasmorethanfiveingredients?21．Accordingtothepassage,healthierfat______.A．canbefoundinfishandplants B．comesfromland-basedanimalsC．remainssolidatroomtemperature D．canlowerthedeathrateofelders22．Thepassagesuggeststhat______.A．dietscanhelpadjustthepHofourblood B．honeysugarcandomoregoodthansucroseC．foodswithmoreingredientsmaybeashealthy D．chemicalswecanrecognizearesafertotakein23．Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A．Tocomparetipsonfoodchoices. B．Tointroducedifferenthealthconcepts.C．Torecommendfitnessrecipestoreaders. D．Towarnusofsomedietarymisunderstandings.BAtmyfirstlessoninChinesecalligraphy,myteachertoldmeplainly:“NowIwillteachyouhowtowriteyourname.Andtomakeitbeautiful.”Ifeltmybreathcatch.Iwascurious.GrowingupinSingapore,IhadanunusualrelationshipwithmyChinesename.MyparentsareethnicallyChinese,sotheyaskedfortunetellerstodecidemyname,aimingformaximumluck.Asaresult,Iendedupwithanonsenseandembarrassingname:ChenYiwen,meaning,roughly,“old”,“barley（薏米）”and“warm”.WhenIarrivedinAmericaforcollegeat18,IputonanAmericanaccentandabandonedmyChinesename.WhenImovedtoHongKongin2021,after14yearsintheStates,Idecidedtolearncalligraphy.Whynotgetbackintouchwithmyheritage?Ithought.Incalligraphy,theideaistocopytheoldmasters’techniques,therebyrefiningyourown.Everyweek,though,myteacherwouldgiveuncomfortablyon-the-noseassessmentsofmyperson.“Youneedtobebraver,”heonceobserved.“Haveconfidence.Trytoproduceaboldstroke（筆畫）.”Foryears,Ihadpridedmyselfonpresentinganimageofconfidence,butmywritingbetrayedme.Iwastryingtomakesenseofthispractice.Youmustvisualizethewordasitistobewrittenandleaveatraceofyourselfinit.Asabodilypractice,calligraphycouldgobeyonditsownculturalrestrictions.Couldithelpmegobeyondmine?Myteacheroncesaidtome,“Whenyoulookattheword,youseethebody.Thoughawordonthepageistwo-dimensional,itcontainsmultitudes,conveyingtheforceyou’veapplied,theenergyofyourgrip,thearchofyourspine.”Ihadbeenlearningcalligraphytogetintouchwithmyculturalroots,butwhatIwasreallyseekingwasareturntomyself.NowIhavesensedthatthepleasureoutofcalligraphyallowsmetoknowmyselfmorefully.Duringarecentlesson,myteacherpointedatthewordIhadjustfinished,tellingme:“Thiswordismuchbetter.Icanseethechoicesyoumade,yourcalculations,yourflow.Trustyourself.Thiswordisyours.”Hemightaswellhavesaid,“Thiswordisyou.”24．Whatdidtheauthorinitiallythinkofhername“ChenYiwen”?A．Itwasluckysoshegladlyacceptedit. B．Shefeltproudofitssymbolicmeaning.C．Sheunderstoodtheintentionbutstilldislikedit. D．Itsstrangepronunciationmadeherembarrassed.25．Theauthordecidedtolearncalligraphyto______.A．pickupanewhobby B．reconnectwithheroriginC．gaininsightsintoanewculture D．fitinwithlocalcommunity26．Fromtheteacher’swords,theauthorlearnsthatcalligraphy______.A．reflectsthecreator’sspirits B．comesfromcreativeenergyC．highlightsthedesignofstrokes D．dependsoncontinuouspractice27．Whatdoestheauthorintendtotellus?A．Appreciatewhatourcultureoffers. B．Findbeautyfromyourinnerself.C．Agreatteacherleadsyoutotruth. D．Wearethesumofwhatwecreate.CResearchershopebrainimplantswillonedayhelppeoplewithaphasia（失語癥）togettheirvoiceback—andmaybeeventosing.Now,forthefirsttime,scientistshavedemonstratedthatthebrain’selectricalactivitycanbedecodedandusedtoreconstructmusic.Anewstudyanalyzeddatafrom29peoplemonitoredforepilepticseizures（癲癇發(fā)作）,usingelectrodes（電極）onthesurfaceoftheirbrain.Asparticipantslistenedtoaselectedsong,electrodescapturedbrainactivityrelatedtomusicalelements,suchastone,rhythm,andlyrics.Employingmachinelearning,RobertKnightfromUCBerkeleyandhiscolleaguesreconstructedwhattheparticipantswerehearingandpublishedtheirstudyresults.Thepaperisthefirsttosuggestthatscientistscan“l(fā)istensecretlyto”thebraintosynthesize（合成）music.Toturnbrainactivitydataintomusicalsound,researcherstrainedanartificialintelligence（AI）modeltodecodedatacapturedfromthousandsofelectrodesthatwereattachedtotheparticipantsastheylistenedtothesongwhileundergoingsurgery.Oncethebraindatawerefedthroughthemodel,themusicreturned.Themodelalsorevealedsomebrainpartsrespondingtodifferentmusicalfeaturesofthesong.Althoughthefindingsfocusedonmusic,theresearchersexpecttheirresultstobemostusefulfortranslatingbrainwavesintohumanspeech.LudovicBellier,thestudy’sleadauthor,explainsthatspeech,regardlessoflanguage,hassmallmelodicdifferences—tempo,stress,accents,andintonation—knownasprosody（韻律）.Theseelementscarrymeaningthatwecan’tcommunicatewithwordsalone.Hehopesthemodelwillimprovebrain-computerinterfaces（BCI）,assistivedevicesthatrecordspeech-associatedbrainwavesandusealgorithmstoreconstructintendedmessages.Thistechnology,stillinitsinfancy,couldhelppeoplewhohavelosttheabilitytospeakbecauseofaphasia.Futureresearchshouldinvestigatewhetherthesemodelscanbeexpandedfrommusicthatparticipantshaveheardtoimaginedinternalspeech.Ifabrain-computerinterfacecouldrecreatesomeone’sspeechwiththeprosodyandemotionalweightfoundinmusic,itcouldofferarichercommunicationexperiencebeyondmerewords.Severalbarriersremainbeforewecanputthistechnologyinthehands—orbrains—ofpatients.Thecurrentmodelreliesonsurgicalimplants.Asrecordingtechniquesimprove,thehopeistogatherdatanon-invasively,possiblyusingultrasensitiveelectrodes.However,undercurrenttechnologies,thisapproachmightresultinalowerspeedofdecodingintonaturalspeech.Theresearchersalsohopetoimprovetheplaybackclaritybypackingtheelectrodesclosertogetheronthebrain’ssurface,enablinganevenmoredetailedlookattheelectricalsymphonythebrainproduces.28．Whatcanwelearnfromthestudy?A．Electrodescananalyzemusicalelements.B．Thedecodingofbraindatahelpsrecreatemusic.C．Machinelearninggreatlyenhancesbrainactivity.D．TheAImodelmonitorsmusic-responsivebrainregions.29．Whathopefullymakesitpossibletoexpandthemodeltospeech?A．Theprosodyofspeech. B．Thecollectionofbrainwaves.C．Theemotionalweightofmusic. D．Thereconstructionofinformation.30．Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．UnlockingtheSecretsofMelodicMind B．BrainSymphony:SynthesizedHumanSpeechC．BCIBringsHopetoPeoplewithAphasia D．RemarkableJourney:DecodingBrainwithAID“Assumeyouarewrong.”TheadvicecamefromBrianNosek,apsychologyprofessor,whowasofferingastrategyforpursuingbetterscience.TounderstandthecontextforNosek’sadvice,weneedtotakeastepbacktothenatureofscienceitself.Youseedespitewhatmanyofuslearnedinelementaryschool,thereisnosinglescientificmethod.Justasscientifictheoriesbecomeelaboratedandchange,sodoscientificmethods.Butmethodologicalreformhasn’tcomewithoutsomefrettingandfriction.Nastythingshavebeensaidbyandaboutmethodologicalreformers.Fewpeoplelikehavingthevalueoftheirlife’sworkcalledintoquestion.Ontheotherside,fewpeoplearegoodatvoicingcriticismsinkindandconstructiveways.So,partofthechallengeisfiguringouthowtobakecriticalself-reflectionintothecultureofscienceitself,soitunfoldsasawelcomeandintegratedpartoftheprocess,andnotanembarrassingsideshow.WhatNosekrecommendedwasastrategyforchangingthewayweofferandrespondtocritique.Assumingyouarerightmightbeamotivatingforce,sustainingtheenormouseffortthatconductingscientificworkrequires.Butitalsomakesiteasytointerpretcriticismsaspersonalattacks.Beginning,instead,fromtheassumptionyouarewrong,acriticismiseasiertointerpretasaconstructivesuggestionforhowtobelesswrong—agoalthatyourcriticpresumablyshares.Oneworryaboutthisapproachisthatitcouldbedemoralizingforscientists.Strivingtobelesswrongmightbealesseffectivemotivationthanthepromiseofbeingright.Anotherconcernisthatastrategythatworkswellwithinsciencecouldbackfirewhenitcomestocommunicatingsciencewiththepublic.Withoutanappreciationforhowscienceworks,it’seasytotakeuncertaintyordisagreementsasmarksagainstscience,wheninfacttheyreflectsomeoftheveryfeaturesofsciencethatmakeitourbestapproachtoreachingreliableconclusionsabouttheworld.Scienceisreliablebecauseitrespondstoevidence:asthequantityandqualityofourevidenceimproves,ourtheoriescanandshouldchange,too.Despitetheseworries,IlikeNosek’ssuggestionbecauseitbuildsincognitivehumilityalongwithasensethatwecandobetter.Italsobuildsinasenseofcommunity—we’reallinthesameboatwhenitcomestofallingshortofgettingthingsright.Unfortunately,thisstillleavesuswithanuntestedhypothesis（假說）:thatassumingoneiswrongcanchangecommunitynormsforthebetter,andultimatelysupportbetterscienceandeven,perhaps,betterdecisionsinlife.Idon’tknowifthat’strue.Infact,Ishouldprobablyassumethatit’swrong.Butwiththebenefitofthescientificcommunityandourbestmethodologicaltools,Ihopewecangetitlesswrong,together.31．WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph3?A．Reformerstendtodevalueresearchers’work.B．Scientistsareunwillingtoexpresskindcriticisms.C．Peopleholdwrongassumptionsaboutthecultureofscience.D．Thescientificcommunityshouldpracticecriticalself-reflection.32．Thestrategyof“assumingyouarewrong”maycontributeto______.A．theenormouseffortsofscientistsatwork B．thereliabilityofpotentialresearchresultsC．thepublic’spassionforscientificfindings D．theimprovementinthequalityofevidence33．Theunderlinedword“demoralizing”inParagraph5means______.A．discouraging B．ineffective C．unfair D．misleading34．Thetonetheauthorusesintalkingabouttheuntestedhypothesisis______.A．doubtfulbutsincere B．disapprovingbutsoftC．a(chǎn)uthoritativeanddirect D．reflectiveandhumorous第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Whenyougetinacar,youexpectitwillhavefunctioningbrakes.Whenyoupickupmedicineatthedrugstore,youexpectitwon’tbepolluted.Butitwasn’talwayslikethis.Thesafetyoftheseproductswasterriblewhentheyfirstcametomarket.Ittookmuchresearchandregulationtofigureouthowuserscanenjoythebenefitsoftheseproductswithoutgettingharmed.35Socialmediarisksareeverywhere.Thedangersthatalgorithmsdesignedtomaximizeattentionrepresenttoteenshavebecomeimpossibletoignore.Otherproductdesignelements,oftencalled“darkpatterns,”designedtokeeppeopleusingforlonger,alsoappeartotipyoungusersintosocialmediaoveruse.36Theysayit’stheirusers’faultforengagingwithharmfulcontentinthefirstplace,evenifthoseusersarechildrenorthecontentisfinancialtrickery.Theyalsoclaimtobedefendingfreespeech.37UndertheDigitalServicesAct,whichcameintoeffectinEuropethisyear,platformsarerequiredtotakeactiontostopthespreadofillegalcontentandcanbefinedupto6percentoftheirglobalincomesiftheydon’tdoso.Ifthislawisenforced,maintainingthesafetyoftheiralgorithmsandnetworkswillbethemostfinanciallysounddecisionforplatformstomake.Despitetheseefforts,twothingsareclear.First,onlinesafetyproblemsareleadingtoreal,offlinesuffering.Second,socialmediacompaniescan’t,orwon’t,solvethesesafetyproblemsontheirown.38Evensafetyissueslikecyberbullyingthatwethoughtweresolvedcanpoprightbackup.Asoursocietymovesonlinetoanever-greaterdegree,theideathatanyone,eventeens,canjust“stayoffsocialmedia”becomeslessandlessrealistic.39A．Andthoseproblemsaren’tgoingaway.B．Thecurrentissuesaren’treallyaboutofflinesuffering.C．Platformsalreadyhavesystemstoremoveviolentorharmfulcontent.D．Similarly,socialmedianeedsproductsafetystandardstokeepuserssafe.E．It’stimeweshouldrequiresocialmediatotakesafetyseriously,foreveryone’ssake.F．Internetplatforms,however,haveshiftedblameontheconsumerswhenevercriticized.G．Someauthoritiesaretakingstepstoholdsocialmediaplatformsaccountableforthecontent.第三部分書面表達(dá)（共兩節(jié)，32分）第一節(jié)（共4小題；第40、41題各2分，第42題3分，第43題5分，共12分）閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求用英文回答問題。請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡指定區(qū)域內(nèi)作答。Asakid,IdreamedofbecomingamarinebiologistandIlivedoutthisfantasybysettingupaquariums（魚缸）athome.Then,at20,IwasintroducedtophotographerDavidLiittschwager,whohiredmetohelphimwithamagazineassignmentonmarinelife.David’sassignmentwastodocumenttheamazingbiodiversityfoundintheocean.Myrolewastocollectspeciesforhimtophotograph.Everynight,Iwouldcastafloatinglamp.Likemothsdrawntoaflame,mysteriouscreatureswouldemergefromthedepthsinsearchofthislight.I’dthensetupaquariumstohousethemastheywaitedforDavidtotaketheirshot.ThoseeveningsmademefeelasifIwereonanotherplanet.Ihadneverimaginedsuchstrangelife-formscouldexistinouroceans.ButIdidn’tgraspthetruemagicofwhatwasinfrontofmeuntilIsawthephotographsDavidtook.Thebigg