高三英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)【知識(shí)精講精研】 構(gòu)詞法課件

2023WelcometoEnglishclass!熱詞之——敵蜜用英語(yǔ)怎么說(shuō)？friend朋友enemy敵人frenemy友敵、亦敵亦友=敵蜜breakfast早餐lunch午餐brunch早午餐元旦期間起得晚，你決定吃hungry饑餓angry生氣hangry又餓又氣發(fā)現(xiàn)媽媽沒(méi)有做飯，你pop爆裂聲corn玉米popcorn爆米花翻找家里發(fā)現(xiàn)了televisionTV電視抱著爆米花坐在沙發(fā)上，打開(kāi)了watertheplant澆水看到盆栽沒(méi)水了，順便wonder-ful驚奇真是美好的一天！Whatawonderfulday!How?HowareEnglishwordsformed?wonderful美好的TV電視popcorn爆米花hangry又餓又氣brunch早午餐frenemy敵蜜water澆水WordFORMATION構(gòu)詞法Toknowaboutthegrammaraboutwordformation;Tofigureoutcommonprefixesandsuffixesthroughobservingandpracticing;Tocompletetheexercisesadaptedfrompastexampapers;TobuildupconfidenceinrememberingwordsandlearningEnglish.Learningobjectives:wonderfuladj.

美好的TV電視popcornn.爆米花hangry又餓又氣brunch早午餐frenemy敵蜜watern.→v.澆水WordFormation

構(gòu)詞法合成法Composition轉(zhuǎn)化法Conversion縮略法Abbreviation派生法Derivation歸

納：由兩個(gè)或更多的詞合成一個(gè)新詞,有的用______________________連接,有的________連寫在一起，還有的由____________________構(gòu)成，這樣的構(gòu)詞方法叫做合成法。easy-going,reading-room,man-made,up-to-datesomewhere,eggplant,anyone,newspaper,cowboythemepark,humanrights,

busstop,postoffice分開(kāi)的兩個(gè)詞連詞符號(hào)(hyphen)“-”直接somewhere,eggplant,anyone,newspaper,cowboyeasy-going,reading-room,man-made,up-to-datethemepark,humanrights,

busstop,postoffice1.合成法Composition復(fù)合名詞(Compoundingnoun)復(fù)合形容詞（Compounding

adjective）復(fù)合動(dòng)詞(Compoundingverb)復(fù)合詞（合成詞）復(fù)合名詞名詞+名詞名詞+動(dòng)詞名詞+動(dòng)名詞名詞+及物動(dòng)詞+er/or名詞+介詞+名詞代詞+名詞動(dòng)詞+名詞動(dòng)名詞+名詞現(xiàn)在分詞+名詞形容詞+名詞副詞+動(dòng)詞

（1）復(fù)合名詞的主要構(gòu)成方式

weekend___________workshop__________周末車間;

研討會(huì)daybreak___________破曉handwriting_______書寫airconditioning_______空調(diào)painkiller___________止痛藥sister-in-law___________嫂子she-wolf_______母狼he-goat_______公羊password______密碼pickpocket_____扒手reading-room___________閱覽室swimmingpool___________游泳池flying-fish___________飛魚freshman_______新生wildlife_______野生動(dòng)物outbreak_______爆發(fā)income_______收入復(fù)合形容詞的主要構(gòu)成方式例詞名詞＋形容詞bloodred____________,nationwide____________名詞＋現(xiàn)在分詞time-consuming________,energy-saving________名詞＋to＋名詞one-to-one________名詞＋過(guò)去分詞man-made________,handmade________數(shù)詞＋名詞one-way________數(shù)詞＋名詞＋形容詞three-year-old__________數(shù)詞＋名詞＋edten-storeyed__________動(dòng)詞＋副詞one-off______________形容詞＋名詞high-quality____________,high-class____________形容詞＋名詞＋ednoble-minded____________,short-sighted____________,absentminded____________,coldblooded____________形容詞＋形容詞light-green__________,bittersweet_____________形容詞＋現(xiàn)在分詞easygoing____________,ordinary-looking___________副詞＋形容詞ever-green___________副詞＋現(xiàn)在分詞hard-working__________,far-reaching_____________副詞＋過(guò)去分詞well-known___________副詞＋名詞fast-food___________介詞＋名詞indoor___________血紅的全國(guó)的耗時(shí)的節(jié)能的一對(duì)一的人造的手工制作的單行道的三歲的十層的一次性的高質(zhì)量的高級(jí)的高尚的近視的心不在焉的冷酷的淺綠色的苦中帶甜的隨和的常青的努力的影響深遠(yuǎn)的著名的提供快餐的室內(nèi)的相貌平平的復(fù)合動(dòng)詞名詞+動(dòng)詞形容詞+動(dòng)詞副詞+動(dòng)詞overcome_____,overwhelm_______（3）復(fù)合動(dòng)詞的主要構(gòu)成方式sleep-walk_______,daydream________white-brush______blacklist___________夢(mèng)游做白日夢(mèng)粉刷將…列入黑名單克服壓垮Practice猜測(cè)詞義1.(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)Theysurveyedseveralhundredpark-goers,askingthemtosubmitawrittensummaryonlineofameaningfulinteractiontheyhadwithnatureinthepark.2.(2021·浙江1月考)Herememberedlandmarks,butsincehedidn’tknowhistown’sname,findingasmallneighbourhoodinavastcountryprovedtobeimpossible.3.(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)Andincontrasttoourincreasinglynetworked

liveswheretheinformationweconsumeismonitoredandtracked,aprintedbookstilloffersthechanceofawhollyprivate,“off-line”activity.逛公園的人地標(biāo)；標(biāo)志性建筑網(wǎng)絡(luò)化的離線的Let’sgohandinhand.Pleasehandinyourexercisebooksafterclass.Herroomiscleanandtidy.Shecleansherroomeveryday.Theuse/ju:s/oftoomuchplasticleadstopollution.MayIuse/ju:z/yourpencil?.Hewentinandsatdown.Thearmydownedaplane.GetmeaglassofwaterHewentouttowatertheplants.

2.轉(zhuǎn)化法Conversion比較歸

納：由________詞性轉(zhuǎn)化為_(kāi)_________或_________詞性，詞

形不變，詞性發(fā)生變化，這樣的構(gòu)詞方法叫做轉(zhuǎn)化法。另一種幾種一種轉(zhuǎn)化法—常見(jiàn)類型動(dòng)詞→名詞walk→takeawalk_________swim→haveaswim_________名詞→動(dòng)詞bookn.→v._________milkn.→v._________形容詞→動(dòng)詞slowadj.→v._________narrowadj.→v.___________形容詞?副詞hardadj.困難的?adv._________highadj.高的?adv.___________deepadj.深的?adv.___________wideadj.寬的?adv.___________散步游泳預(yù)訂擠奶減慢使...變窄努力地高深廣闊地構(gòu)詞法三

縮略Abbreviation首字母縮略UnitedNations→_________聯(lián)合國(guó)VeryImportantPerson→_________貴賓PostOfficeBox→_________郵政信箱縮短詞examination→_________考試application→_________應(yīng)用拼綴詞smoke+fog=_________煙霧motor+hotel=_________汽車旅館UNVIPPOBexamappsmogmotelWordFORMATION構(gòu)詞法wonderfuladj.

美好的TV電視popcornn.爆米花hangry又餓又氣brunch早午餐frenemy敵蜜watern.→v.澆水WordFormation

構(gòu)詞法合成法Composition轉(zhuǎn)化法Conversion縮略法Abbreviation派生法DerivationBeijingOlympicForestPark,56liesonthenorthernendofBeijing’snorth-southcentralmeridian(子午線),isthelargestpublicgreenapaceeverbuiltinBeijing._57_(establish)aspartoftheOlympicGreenforthe2008SummerGames,theparkissurroundedbyanultra-urbanenvironmentofhigh-densitydevelopmentandhigh-volumetraffic.

ThedesignmixestraditionalChineselandscapeartsandprinciplesthatemphasizetheharmonybetweenhumansandnature.At58thesametime,modernecologicalconceptsandtechniqueswerewidelyemployedinthepark.Thisisafocusedeffort59(help)achievegoalsofzerowasteandzerostormwaterdischarge.Sincecompletion,thepark60(become)animportantpublicgreenspacethatprovidesrecreation,educationalopportunities,andenvironmentalbenefitstoBeijing61(resident)andvisitors.

Morethan2millionplantswereinstalledinthepark,62(include)morethan100treespeciesand80shrubspecies,alongwithgrasslandandwetlandspecies.Theyareconsideredas63(incredible)important.Theparkaremainlybirds,withover176speciesofbirdsintotal.Whatmakespeople64(please)isthatthepopulationisgrowing.65thissense,……56.which

57.Established

58.the

59.to

help

60.has

become

61.residents

62.including

63.incredibly

64.pleased

65.In一個(gè)英語(yǔ)單詞可以分為三個(gè)部分：前綴（prefix），詞根（stem）及后綴（suffix）構(gòu)詞法四派生法Derivationdisagreementunhappilyundishappyagreeilyment歸

納：派生是由一個(gè)詞根加上_______或_________，構(gòu)成另一個(gè)詞。

這樣的構(gòu)詞法叫做派生法。前

綴后綴改變單詞的______meaning

(意思)改變單詞的_________partofspeech(詞性)1.

形容詞變副詞的后綴在形容詞后加－ly可變成相應(yīng)意義的副詞直接加－lyextreme→extremely尤其；非常stupid→_________傻地改y為－ilyhappy→happily快樂(lè)地merry→_________快樂(lè)地以le結(jié)尾的去e加yprobable→probably可能gentle→_________溫柔地horrible→_________可怕地；非常地以ic結(jié)尾的，加allybasic→basically基本上energetic→_______________精力充沛地dramatic→________________戲劇地；劇烈地個(gè)別特殊變化true→truly真正地shy→shyly害羞地whole→wholly完全地full→fully完全地stupidlymerrilygentlyhorriblyenergeticallydramaticallyPractice語(yǔ)法填空Evenifit’stheplacebo(安慰劑)effect,thatcanbe__________(incredible)powerful.ThefollowingfourarefromthethingstodoinChina,andyou’ll_______(probable)prefertotakepartinthem._______(luck),sciencewasonthecase.Studiesshowthatcreativethoughtoftenhappenswhenyou_______(regular)switchbetweentasks.___________(fortunate),thesurgerywassuccessful.Iwenthomewithmylovelychildhappilyaswellas_________(grateful).Besides,wecanfinishourhomeworkmore__________(effective)whilestayingatschool.Thetroubleis,intoday’sworld,it’s_________(extreme)difficulttoavoid.Agentlebreeze______(soft)kissedme._____________,(economic)Asiaisstillthemostdynamicregionintheworld.incrediblyprobablyLuckilyregularlyFortunatelygratefullyeffectivelyextremelysoftlyEconomically后綴例詞－ageshort→shortage不足；短缺－cyefficient→efficiency效率；功效accurate→___________準(zhǔn)確性－domwise→wisdom明智；智慧free→_________自由；自主－encedifferent→difference差異silent→___________沉默－nessweak→weakness虛弱；弱點(diǎn)careless→_____________粗心大意－thstrong→strength力氣；強(qiáng)項(xiàng)wide→_________寬－y/ty/itydisable→disability無(wú)能；殘疾responsible→_____________責(zé)任2.

形容詞變名詞的后綴accuracyfreedomsilencecarelessnesswidthresponsibilityPractice語(yǔ)法填空WheneverImademistakes,theteacherpointedthemoutwith_______(patient).His____________(careless)resultedinhisfailureinthemathcontest.Cubagained_____________(independent)fromSpainin1898.Kara'sphonehasbeenringing________.Wearereallyboredwiththe____________.(frequent)21.Theprettygirllooked_________,andnoonecouldmatchwithher_________.(elegant)(2023·新高考全國(guó)Ⅰ卷)Whenenoughoftheseerrors___________(short)together,theycanceleachotherout,resultinginamoreaccurateestimate.(2019·人教版)TangshancityhasprovedtoChinaandtherestoftheworldthatintimesofdisaster,peoplemustunifyandshowthe__________(wise)tostaypositiveandrebuildforabrighterfuture.patiencecarelessnessshortagewisdomindependencefrequentlyfrequencyelegantelegance3.

動(dòng)詞變名詞的后綴后綴例詞－alapprove→approval贊成；批準(zhǔn)arrive→_____________到來(lái)－anceappear→appearance出現(xiàn)；外貌perform→_____________表演；節(jié)目－enceexist→existence存在；生存refer→_____________參考；查閱－ionconstruct→construction建設(shè)evaluate→_______________評(píng)估－ationconsider→consideration考慮invite→_______________邀請(qǐng)－(s)siondiscuss→discussion討論；辯論admit→____________接納；準(zhǔn)許入學(xué)－inghear→hearing聽(tīng)力；聽(tīng)覺(jué)begin→_____________開(kāi)始－mentargue→argument辯論；論據(jù)equip→_______________設(shè)備－urefail→failure失?。粵](méi)做到press→______________壓力－turemix→mixture混合；混合物depart→____________離開(kāi)；出發(fā)－yrecover→recovery恢復(fù)；痊愈discover→_______________發(fā)現(xiàn)－agemarry→marriage婚姻其他vary→variety多樣化；種類tend→tendency趨向；趨勢(shì)arrivalperformancereferenceevaluationinvitationadmissionbeginningequipmentpressuredeparturediscoveryPractice語(yǔ)法填空The________(fly)wascancelledasaresultoftheterribleweather.Menandwomenhavetositinseparateareas-----themenwiththebridegroom,andthewomenwiththebride,atwedding_________(receive).Imustmakean_________(apologize)tohimfornotgoingtohisparty.Evenifyoufailonceagain,itdoesn'tsuggestthatyouarea_________.(fail)(2023·新高考全國(guó)Ⅱ卷)Ascitiesballoonwith________(grow),accesstonatureforpeoplelivinginurbanareasisbecominghardertofind.(2023年新高考II卷)SinceJune2017,rightbeforethe________(arrive)ofthetwonewpandas,MengMengandJiaoQing,IhavebeenhelpingthepandakeepersatthezootofeelmorecomfortableandconfidentspeakingEnglish.(2022年1月浙江卷)Whentheanswerwasno,shedeclinedthe____________(invite).growtharrivalinvitationflightreceptionapologyfailure4.

表示“人”的后綴后綴例詞－ervillage→villager村民photograph→__________________攝影師－arlie→liar說(shuō)謊者－eeemploy→employee受雇者；雇員interview→_________________被面試者－orinvent→inventor發(fā)明家educate→_________教育家；教師－esssteward→stewardess女乘務(wù)員host→______________女主人；女主持人－eseChina→Chinese中國(guó)人Japan→____________日本人－anAmerica→American美國(guó)人Australia→____________澳洲人－ianhistory→historian歷史學(xué)家politics→________________政治家；政客statistics→statistician統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)家music→_________________音樂(lè)家－istspecial→specialist專家tour→______________旅行者；觀光者minimal→minimalist極簡(jiǎn)主義者commune→________________共產(chǎn)主義者－antparticipate→participant參加者assist→_______________助手；圖書管理員photographerintervieweeeducatorhostessJapaneseAustralianpoliticianmusiciantouristcommunistassistantteacher老師professor教授educator教師beggar乞丐conductor指揮；售票員hostess女主持人assistant/librarian圖書管理員Practice語(yǔ)法填空1)(2022年6月浙江卷)JohnOlson,aformer__________________(photograph)andhisteamturnpaintingsintofullytextured3Dmodels.2)(2023·新高考全國(guó)Ⅰ卷)Youcanviewthesepracticesasatoolboxmeanttoaidyoureffortstobuilda_______________(minimal)lifestylethatwordsforyourparticularcircumstances.3)(2023·新高考全國(guó)Ⅰ卷)OnMarch7,1907,theEnglish_______________(statistics)FrancisGaltonpublishedapaperwhichillustratedwhathascometobeknownasthe“wisdomofcrowds”effect.4)(2023·新高考全國(guó)Ⅱ卷)Theresearchersthenexaminedthesesubmissions,coding(編碼)experiencesintodifferentcategories.Forexample,one_____________(participate)experienceof“Wesatandlistenedtothewavesatthebeachforawhile”wasassignedthecategories“sittingatbeach”and“l(fā)isteningtowaves.”photographerminimaliststatisticianparticipant’s5.動(dòng)詞、名詞變形容詞的常見(jiàn)后綴后綴例詞－ablevalue→valuable有價(jià)值的consider→_______________相當(dāng)大的－alperson→personal個(gè)人的；私人的nature→_____________自然的；天生的－fulhope→hopeful有希望的peace→______________和平的－edconfuse→confused感到困惑的bore→______________感到厭倦的－ingsurprise→surprising令人驚訝的convince→______________令人信服的－ibleaccess→accessible容易到達(dá)的

horror→____________可怕的；恐怖的－iveeffect→effective有效的；生效的instruct→______________有教育意義的talk→talkative健談的

create→_________________有創(chuàng)造力的－ousanxiety→anxious憂慮的

curiosity→________________好奇的space→spacious寬敞的

glory→________________光榮的－sometire→tiresome令人厭倦的

trouble→______________麻煩的－ytaste→tasty美味的；可口的

wealth→__________富裕的；豐富的dirt→dirty有灰塵的；臟的

rain→___________多雨的－erneast→eastern東方的；向東的

west→___________西方的；向西的－ishfool→foolish愚蠢的；可笑的

self→___________自私的－icscience→scientific科學(xué)的

history→___________歷史上著名的－aryimagine→imaginary想象中的considerablenaturalpeacefulboredconvincinghorribleinstructivecreativecuriousglorioustroublesomewealthyrainywesternselfishhistoricPractice語(yǔ)法填空1)(2022·浙江6月考)Thoseletterstaughtmychildrena_________(value)lessonaboutwriting:ithasapurpose.Sometimesourpurposeistoachievesomething;othertimesitmaybetoentertain,inform,orpersuade.2)Hesuddenlybecamevery__________(talk),hisfaceslightlyflushed,hiseyesmuchbrighter.3)(2021·新高考全國(guó)I卷)Ahistorybookwhichmaycontainthefactsinstoryformwillbeeasiertoreadthanonedealingwith___________(science)subjects.4)(2023年1月浙江高考卷)Thehutongstheyformedwereorderly,linedby__________(space)homesandwalledgardens.Fartherfromthecenterlivedthecommonersandlaborers.valuabletalkativescientificspacious6.

表示否定或相反意義的前綴和后綴前綴例詞dis－advantage→disadvantage缺點(diǎn)comfort→_______________不舒適il－legal→illegal不合法的

logical→_______________不合邏輯的im－patient→impatient不耐煩的

moral→________________不道德的in－formal→informal非正式的

convenient→_______________不方便的ir－regular→irregular不規(guī)則的

responsible→______________不負(fù)責(zé)任的mis－lead→mislead誤導(dǎo)

understand→_________________誤解un－willing→unwilling不愿意的

happy→_____________不高興的后綴例詞－lesshope→hopeless絕望的

care→_______________粗心的discomfortillogicalimmoralinconvenientirresponsiblemisunderstandunhappycarelessPracticeGuessthemeaningofthewordsunderlined.1)(2023?浙江1月考)Theauthor’sfatherdisapprovedofbuyinggrocerieswithjars.__________2)(2023·新高考全國(guó)Ⅱ卷)Morerecently,asbooks