2017年4月自考00603英語寫作試題及答案含解析

英語寫作年月真題

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1、【問答題】TheBenefitsofRegularExerciseInrecentyears,manypeoplehave

becomeincreasinglyawareoftheneedforphysicalfitness.Almosteverywhere

peopleturn,whethertoanewsstallortelevision,adviceforimprovinghealth

bombardsthem.Althoughmuchofthisadviceisforcommercialpurposes,someofit,

especiallythatadvocatingaregularexerciseprogram,deservesseriousattention.

Suchaprogram,ifconsistingofexerciseatleastthirtyminutesthreetimesa

week,providesnumerousbenefits.Regularexercisereleasestension,improves

appearance,andincreasesstamina（耐力）．Thefirstofthesebenefits,the

releaseoftension,isimmediate.Tensionbuildsinthebodybecauseofstress,

anxiety,orfear,Doctorsagreethatparticipatinginanactivesportsuchas

tennisorvolleyballforthirtyminuteseasestension.Ifapersonswims,jogsor

ridesabicycleforhalfthattime,hewouldsleepbetteratnightandhavea

bettermoodthenextday.Inaddition,afterthereliefoftension,minor

irritationsandfrustrationsshouldbelesstroubling.Forexample,ifoneis

upsetbytheday’sworkorbyatrafficjam,hemayrushhome,arguewiththe

family,andeatexcessively.Takingaboutthirtyminutestoreleasefrustrations

throughphysicalexercisecouldhelphimtoavoidthisbehavior.Plannedphysical

exercise,therefore,caneliminateoratleastcontroltension.

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__________________________________________Inadditiontoanimprovedappearance,

increasedphysicalstrengthproducesstamina.Astronger,healthierbodyis

obviouslymorecapableofworkingharderinfact,ofwithstandingnormalfatigue.

Aworkerwhoexercisesshouldbeabletocompleteaforty-hourweekandstill

retainenoughenergyforshoppingandhousework.Similarly,astudentwhogoesto

school,keepshouseandperhapsworksparttimeshouldaccomplishtasksmore

efficiently.Equallyimportant,thisstaminahelpstokeepoffillnessessuchas

coldsandinfluenza.Altogether,improvedenduranceisoneofthemost

importantbenefitsofaregularexerciseprogram.Althougheasysolutionsto

weight-losingandbody-shapingfloodthemedia,actuallyacquiringthesebenefits

isnoteasy.Therewards,however,arefullyworththeeffort.An

establishedexerciseprogrammakesapersonfeelrelaxed,lookgood,andhave

adequatestrengthforstrenuousaswellasroutineactivities.

答案：【參考答案】Animprovedappearance,thesecondbenefitofregular

exercise,isnotsoimmediatelyapparent.Exercisetakesperhapsamonthor

longertoshowitsresultsinatrimmer,firmerfigure.Improvement,however,

willcome.Takeapersonwhoistenpoundsoverweightforinstance.Hemaybe

ableduringthistimetoburnawaymostexcessfatandtotightenmuscles,

therebyreshapingthephysique.Itfollowsthathewillwearclothesmore

attractivelyandcomfortably.Combinedwithasensiblediet,anexercise

programwillalsoimproveaperson’sskintone.Thisimprovedappearancewill

provideconfidenceandfavorablyimpressothers.

解析：通過仔細閱讀，本文屬于說明文，要合理補全缺失段落，我們需要明確該補充什么

內容，以及該以怎樣的方式將其呈現出來。除了邏輯上的有效分析之外，我們還應該了解

到introduction和summary是補全文章主題段落缺失內容的主要線索。一個合格的

thesisstatement不但是全文的中心思想句，還進一步明確并限制了每一個主體段落的大

體內容及行文方式。這類題目旨在考察學生對thesisstatement作用的認識以及學生對文

章的Unity和Coherence的把握。該文章第一段的最后一句至關重要，因為它引出了接下

來的幾個段落中心，說明堅持鍛煉身體的好處主要有三個：Regularexercisereleases

tension,improvesappearance,andincreasesstamina（耐力）。接下來的段落中，提

到了前兩點，第三點increasesstamina沒有提及，因此要把這段內容補充上。

2、【問答題】HowtoRaiseaMoralRobotInthefuture,humanswillcreatemore

intelligentandmoremoralrobotsthanthoseportrayedintherecentfilmChappie.

Whatthefilmtouchesonisperhapsthegreatestchallengeofraisingmoral

robots.Thetoughestpartishowtosafelyintegraterobotsintosociety.Asis

known,humansarethemostpowerfullearningmachinesonEarth.Ifrobotsareto

bepartofhumansociety,theyhavetobecomeatleastsecondbestatlearning.Is

itpossibleforhumanstoproducemoralrobotlearners?Moreandmorescientists

ofartificialintelligence（ADagreethattrueintelligencecomesfromlearning,

notjustfromprogramming.Withagrowingnumberofmachinelearningapproaches

available,robotscantakeinnewinformation..Theyturnthatinformationinto

instructionsandlearnfromfeedbacktoadjustactionsintheever-changing

environments.Robotlearning,however,musthavelimits.Ifscientistssucceedin

buildingsophisticatedrobotsthatcanlearn,theywillhavetoestablishlimits

tohowrobotslearn.Ifrobotsareallowedtolearnanythingtheycanandwant,

theymaybecomebrutalbullies.Therefore,programmersmustsetrulesandlaws

thatprohibitthemfromlearninganythingsociallyundesirable.Oneapproachto

thatproblemisdemocraticrobotlearning.Programmerswriteasmallnumberof

fundamentalnormsintotherobot,andletitlearntheremainingones.These

fundamentalnormswillincludepreventionofharm,especiallytohumans,butalso

politenessandrespect.Thenormswillthenbetranslatedintobehavior,for

example,whatitmeanstobepoliteinaparticularcontext.Theyalsodefine

conditionsunderwhichonefundamentalnormcanreplaceanother.It’sOK,for

instance,todroppolitenesswhenarobottriestosavesomeonefromharm.

Democraticrobotlearningwouldalsoguidearobotindealingwithcontradictory

teachers.Sayonepersontriestoteachtherobottoshare,andanothertriesto

teachittosteal.Inthatcase,therobotshouldaskthewholecommunitywhich

teacheritshouldlistento.Afterall,thenormsandmoralsofacommunityare

typicallyheldbythemajorityofmembersinthatcommunity.Thisapproachwould

alsopreventrobotsfromlearningsomethingevilinhumansociety.Humans

aregenerallycooperativeandkindtowardsthosewhomtheyconsiderpartof

theirgroup,buttheycanbecomewickedandcrueltowardsthoseoutsidetheir

group.Ifrobotslearnsuchhostilesentimentsandevilactions,theymayvery

wellbecomeathreattohumanity.Takerobotsinsomescience-fictionfilms

forexample.Theygetoutofhumancontrol,turntheirhumanmastersinto

slaves,andevenkillthem.Ifthosehorriblescenescomeintoreality,itwould

beadisastertomankind.Somehow,societywillhavetoprotectrobots

fromcontinuingdarkhumanheritage.Ifsuccessful,robotswillbehelpful

tohumanityasawhole-lendingahandinproduction,healthcare,education

andeldercare.ThatiswhatAIscientistsshouldpursue,andthosearethe

moralrobotshumansocietyshouldraise.

答案：【參考答案】SentenceOutlineⅠ.Introduction:(Paragraph1)A.It’s

challengingforhumanstoraisemoralrobots.B.Thesis:Tobepartofhuman

society,robotshavetobecomegoodmorallearners.Ⅱ.Trueintelligentrobots

canlearn,butwithintheboundariessetbyhumans.(Paragraph2-3)A.Robots

canlearntoadjusttheiractions.B.Limitsmustbesetforrobotstostayaway

fromanythingundesirable.Ⅲ.Democraticrobotlearningapproachhelpsto

makerobotsmoral.(Paragraph4-6)A.Robotslearnfundamentalnorms.B.Robots

learntodealwithconflictinginstructions.C.Robotslearntostayaway

fromsomethingevil.Ⅳ.Conclusion:Humansneedtoraisetrustworthyand

trulyhelpfulrobots.(Paragraph7)

解析：一般來講，提綱有兩種常見類型，即Topicoutline和Sentenceoutline。本題要

求的提綱是后者，即用主謂結構俱全的句子組成的提綱。在實際練習中，抓住重點關鍵詞

和中心句是非常重要的，其他的段落及相關發(fā)展段落都會迎刃而解。同時，了解了提綱的

結構和根本意義便可以使逆向思維更為豐富，有效輔助關鍵詞和中心句及中心思想的理解

及辨識。本題是對英語寫作理論運用的考察。重點考察學生的分析、歸納及總結能力。本

題要求的是一個sentenceoutline，中心思想為“Technologyhasdrawbacks,andit

cannotreplacehumancontact.”每一個主體段落中的句子的關系，就是這個段落中各個

展開句之間的關系，依據這一點就可以簡化思路，提高效率。

3、【問答題】Whenyoungpeoplelookforfakeboy/girlfriendstospendholidays

with,theyoftenturnto“rent-a-boy/girlfriend”servicesonline.Writea300-

wordexpositoryessayexploringtheeffectsofthisphenomenon,

答案：【參考答案】Girlfriendandboyfriendrentingservicesarerelativelynew

inChina,andalthoughalotofpeopledon’tapproveofsuchpractices,they

arequicklygainingpopularity.Oneofthereasonsforthiscouldbea

successfulTVseriescalled“RentingaGirlfriendforHomeReunion”,that

airedin2010.Ittellsthestoryofayoungmansickofgoingonblinddates

setupbyhisparents,whodecidestorentagirlfriendandendsupfallingin

loveandmarryingher.Whileinsomepeople'sminds,thiskindofservice

createsanopportunityoffindingtheirotherhalf,sociologistswarna