大學(xué)英語四級考試真題第二套

TTMSsystemofficeroom【TTMS16H-TTMS2A-TTMS8Q8-TTMSHHJ8】2017年12月大學(xué)英語四級考試真題第二套PartIWriting5minutes)DirectionsForthispartyouareallowed30minutestowriteashorteasyonhowtobesthandletherelationshipbetweenteachersandstudentsYoushouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.PartIIListeningComprehension(25minutes)DirectionsInthissectionyouwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachnewsreport,youwillheartwoorthreequestionsBoththenewsreportandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonceAfteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questionsandarebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.friendErikaC)Hergrandfather.B)Herlittlebrother.D)Hergrandmother.2.A)Bytakingpicturesforpassers-by.C)Bysellinglemonadeandpictures.B)Byworkingparttimeatahospital.D)Byaskingforhelponsocialmedia.Questionsandarebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.3.A)Findingcheaperwaysofhighwayconstruction.B)Generatingelectricpowerforpassingvehicles.C)Providingcleanenergytofivemillionpeople.D)Testingtheefficiencyofthenewsolarpanel.4.A)Theycanstandthewearandtearofnaturalelements.B)Theycanbelaidrightontopofexistinghighways.C)Theyareonlyabouthalfaninchthick.D)Theyaremadefromcheapmaterials.Questionstoarebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.5.A)Endlessfightingintheregion.C)Inadequatefundingforresearch.B)Thehazardsfromthedesert.D)Thelackofcluesaboutthespecies.6.A)Toobservethewildlifeinthetwonationalparks.B)Toidentifythereasonsforthelions’disappearance.C)TostudythehabitatoflionsinSudanandEthiopia.D)Tofindevidenceoftheexistenceofthe“l(fā)ostlions”.7.A)Lionswalking.C)Somecampingfacilities.B)Lions’tracks.D)Trapssetbylocalhunters.BDirectionsInthissectionyouwillheartwolongconversationsAttheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestionsBoththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonceAfteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C),andDThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questionstoarebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.C)Herweddinganniversary.B)Acallfromherdad.D)Aspecialgiftfromtheman.9.A)Gaveherabigmodelplane.C)Tookheronatripoverseas.B)Boughtheragoodnecklace.D)Threwherasurpriseparty.AThegiftherhusbandhasboughtB)Thetripherhusbandhasplanned.C)Whathasbeentroublingherhusband.D)Whatherhusbandandthemanareupto.ladtobeaguideforthecouplesholidaytrip.B)Hewilltellthewomenthesecretifherhusbandagrees.C)Heiseagertolearnhowthecouple’sholidayturnsout.D)Hewantstofindoutaboutthecouple’sholidayplan.Questionstoarebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.ATheyaresensitivetothedynamicsofanegotiation.B)Theyseetheimportanceofmakingcompromises.C)Theyknowwhentoadoptatoughattitude.D)Theytaketherival’sattitudeintoaccount.TheyknowhowtoadaptC)Theyknowwhentomakecompromises.B)Theyknowwhentostop.D)Theyknowhowtocontroltheiremotion.eyarepatientC)Theylearnquickly.B)Theyaregoodatexpression.D)Theyupholdtheirprinciples.MakeclearonesintentionsC)Formulateone'sstrategy.B)Clarifyitemsofnegotiation.D)Gettoknowtheotherside.tionCDirectionsInthissectionyouwillhearthreepassages.AtndofeachpassageyouwillhearthreeorfourquestionsBoththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C),D).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questionstoarebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.AWhenAmericasearliestspaceprogramstarted.B)WhentheInternationalSpaceStationwasbuilt.C)Howmanyspaceshuttlemissionstherewillbe.D)HowspaceresearchbenefitspeopleonEarth.ycalculatedthespeedoftheorbitingtlesBTheydevelopedobjectsforastronautstouseinoutereC)Theytriedtomeetastronauts'specificrequirements.D)Theytriedtomakebestuseofthelatesttechnology.heyareextremelyaccurateC)Theywerefirstmadeinspace.B)Theyareexpensivetomake.D)Theywereinventedinthe1970s.Questionstoarebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.AItwaswhenherancestorscametoAmerica.B)Peoplehadplentyoflandtocultivatethen.C)Itmarkedthebeginningofsomethingnew.D)Everythingwasnaturalandgenuinethen.20.A)Theybelievedinworkingforgoals.C)Theyhadallkindsofentertainment.BTheyenjoyedlivingalivingalifeofease.D)Theywereknowntobecreative.AChattingwithherancestorsCPolishingallthesilverwork.B)Furnishinghercountryhouse.D)Doingneedleworkbythefire.Questionstoarebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.AUseamaptoidentifyyourlocation.C)Sitdownandtrytocalmyourself.B)Callyourfamilyorfriendsforhelp.D)Trytofollowyourfootprintsback.23.A)Youmayfindawayoutwithoutyourknowingit.B)Youmayexposeyourselftounexpecteddangers.C)Youmaygetdrownedinasuddenflood.D)Youmayendupenteringawonderland.24.A)Lookforfood.C)Startafire.B)Waitpatiently.D)Walkuphill.25.A)Informsomebodyofyourplan.C)Checkthelocalweather.B)Prepareenoughfoodanddrink.D)Findamapandacompass.PartIIIReadingComprehension0minutes)Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanksYouarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Weallknowthereexistsagreatvoid(空白)inthepubliceducationalsystemwhenitcomesto___26___toSTEM(Science,TechnologyEngineeringandMathematics)courses.OneeducatornamedDoriRobertsdecidedtodosomethingtochangethis__27__ofthepubliceducationalsystem.Shesaid,“Istartedscienceandengineeringprogramsto__28_wherechildren___29___inSTEM-basedcompetitions.Theclubgrewquicklyandwhenitreached180membersandthekidsintheprogramwonseveralstate___30___,shedecidedtodevoteallhertimetocultivatingand___31___it.TheglobalbusinessEFKwasborn.DoribeganoperatingEFKoutofherVirginiahomewhichshethenexpandedto__32___recreationcenters.TodaytheEFKprogram___33___over144branchesin32stateswithintheUnitedStatesandin21countries.Saleshavedoubledfrom$5millionin2014to$10millionin2015,with25newbranchesplannedfor2016.TheEFKwebsitestates,“Ournationisnot___34___enoughengineers.Ourphilosophyistoinspirekidsatayoungagetounderstandthatengineeringisagreat__35___.”AattractedI)feedingBcareerhampionshipsKDdegreesL)levelsvelopingMFenrollN)GexposureO)patedfeasibleBDirectionsInthissectionyouaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.EachparagraphismarkedwithaletterAnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.Whyarentyoucuriousaboutwhathappened?AYoususpendedRayRiceafterourvideo,”areporterfromTMZchallengedNationalFootballLeagueCommissionerRogerGoodelltheotherday.“Whydidn’tyouhavethecuriositytogotothecasino(堵場)yourself”Theimplicationofthequestionisthatamorecuriouscommissionerwouldhavefoundawaytogetthetape.BTheaccusationofincuriosityisonethatwehearoften,carryingthesuggestionthatthereissomethingwrongwithnotwantingtosearchoutthetruth.“Ihavebeenbotheredforalongtimeaboutthecuriouslackofcuriosity,”saidaDemocraticmemberoftheNewJerseylegislaturebackinJuly,eferringtoaninsufficientlyinquiringattitudeonthepartofanassistanttoNewJerseyGovernorChrisChristiewhochosenottoaskhardquestionsabouttheGeorgeWashingtonBridgetrafficscandalIsntthemainstreammediatheleastbitcuriousaboutwhathappened”wroteconservativewriterJenniferRubinearlierthisyear.referringtotheattackonAmericansinBenghazi,Libya.CTheimplicationineachcaseisthatcuriosityisagoodthingandalackofcuriosityisaproblem.Aresuchaccusationssimplyeffortstoscorepoliticalpointsforone’spartyOristheresomethingofparticularvalueaboutcuriosityinandofitselfDThejournalistIanLeslieinhisnewandenjoyablebookCuriousTheDesiretoKnowandWhyYourFutureDependsonIt,Lesliearguesthatcuriosityisamuchoverlookedhumanvirtue,crucialtooursuccess,andthatwearelosingit.EWearesufferinghewritesfroma“serendipitydeficit.”ThewordserendipitywascoinedbyHoraceWalpoleinanletterfromataleofthreeprinceswho“werealwaysmakingdiscoveriesbyaccident,ofthingstheywerenotinamongothersocialandtechnologicalchangeshasreducedourappetiteforaimlessadventuresNolongerhavewetheclinationtoletourselveswanderthroughfieldsofknowledgesreadytobesurprisedInsteadweseekonlytheinformationwewant.FWhyisthisaproblemBecausewithoutcuriositywewilllosethespiritofinnovationdentrepreneurshipWewillseeunimaginativegovernmentsandyingcorporationsmakedisastrousdecisionsWewillloseavitalpartofwhathasmadehumanityasawholesosuccessfulasaspecies.GLesliepresentsconsiderableevidenceforthepropositionthatthesocietyasawholeisgrowinglesscurious.Inthe.andEuropeforexample,theriseoftheInternethasledtoadecliningconsumptionofnewsfromoutsidethereader’sbordersButnoteverythingistobeblamedontechnology.ThedeclineininterestinliteraryfictionisalsooneofthecausesidentifiedbyLeslieReadingliteraryfiction,hesays,makesusmorecurious.HMoreoverinordertobecurious,“youhavetobeawareofperhapspaintsabitbroadlyincontendingthatmostofusareunawareofhowmuchwedontknow,he’ssurelyrighttopointoutthattheproblemisgrowing“Googlecangiveusthepowerfulillusionthataquestionshavedefiniteanswers.”eforwhichLeslieexpressadmirationisalsohisfrequentwhippingboy(替罪羊).HequotesGoogleco-founderLarryPagetotheeffectthatthe“perfectsearchengine”willunderstandexactlywhatImeanandgivemebackexactlyaimstosaveyoufromthethirstofcuriosityaltogether.”JSomewhatnostalgicallyhequotesJohnMaynardKeynessjustlyfamouswordsofpraisetothebookstore:“Oneshouldenteritvaguelyalmostinadreamandallowwhatistherefreelytoattractandinfluencetheeye.Towalktheroundsofthebookshopsdippinginascuriositydictates,KCitingtheworkofpsychologistsandcognitive(認(rèn)知的)iecriticizesthereceivedwisdomthatacademicheresultofacombinationofintellectualtalentandhardworkCuriosityhearguesisthethirdkeyfactor—andadifficultonetopreserveIfnotcultivateditwillnotviveChildhoodcuriosityisacollaborationbetweenchildandadultThesurestwaytokillitistoleaveitalone.”LSchooleducationhewarnsisoftenconductedinawaythatmakeschildrenincuriousChildrenofeducatedanupper-middle-classparentsturnouttobefarmorecurious,evenatearlyagesthanchildrenofworkingclassandlowerclassfamilies.Thatlackofcuriosityproducesarelativelackofknowledge,andthelackofknowledgeisdifficultifnotimpossibletocompensateforlateron.MAlthoughLeslie’sbookisn’taboutpolitics,hedoesn’ttirelyshyawayfromtheproblemPoliticalleaderslikeaderofotherorganizationsshouldbecuriousTheyshoulduestionsatcrucialmomentsThereareseriousconsequences,hewarns,innotwantingtoknow.NHepresentasanexamplethefailureoftheGeorgeW.BushinistrationtoprepareproperlyfortheaftereffectsofthevasionofIraqAccordingtoLesliethosewhoridiculedformerDefenseSecretaryDonaldRumsfeldforhisremarkthatwehavetobewaryoftheunknownunknownsweremistakenRumsfeldsidea,Lesliewrites,“wasn'tabsurd—ithisownadvice.”O(jiān)AllofwhichbringsusbacktoGoodellandtheChristiecaseandBenghaziEachcriticinthoseexamplesischarging,inadifferentwaythatsomeoneinauthorityisintentionallybeingincuriousIleaveittothereader'spoliticalpreferencetodecidewhichifany,chargesshouldstick.Butlet’sbecarefulaboutdemandingcuriosityabouttheotherside’sweaknessesandremainingdeterminedlyincuriousaboutourown.Weshouldbedelightedtopursueknowledgeforitsownsake—evenwhenwhatwefindoutissomethingwedidn'tparticularlywanttoknow.Tobecuriousweneedtorealizefirstofallthattherearemanythingswedon’tknow.ordingtoLesliecuriosityisessentialtoonesessouldfeelhappywhenwepursueknowledgeforknowledge’ssake.iticalleaderslackofcuriositywillresultinbadconsequences.Thereareoftenaccusationsaboutpoliticiansandthemedia’slackofcuriositytofindoutthetruth.Thelesscuriousachildisthelessknowledgethechildmayturnouttohave.Itiswidelyacceptedthatacademicaccomplishmentliesinbothintelligenceanddiligence.Visitingabookshopascuriosityleadsuscanbeagoodwaytoentertainourselves.BoththeriseoftheInternetandreducedappetitefortributetopeoplesdecliningcuriosity45.Mankindwouldn’tbesoinnovativewithoutcuriosity.tionCDirectionsTherearepassagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.ssageOneQuestions46and50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Aginghappenstoallofus,andisgenerallythoughtofasanaturalpartoflifeItwouldseemsillytocallsuchathingeasentheotherhandscientistsareincreasinglylearningthatagingandbiologicalagearetwodifferentthings,andthattheformerisakeyriskfactorforconditionssuchasheartdiseasecancerandmanymore.Inthatlight,agingitselfmightbeseenassomethingtreatable,thewayyouwouldtreathighbloodpressureoravitamindeficiency.BiophysicistAlexZhavoronkovbelievesthatagingshouldbeeredadiseaseHesaidthatdescribingagingasadiseasecreatesincentivestodeveloptreatments.“Ituntiesthehandsofthepharmaceutical(制藥的)industryanbegintreatingthediseaseandnotjustthesideeffectshesaid.“Rightnow,peoplethinkofagingasnaturalandsomethingyoucantcontrolhesaidINacademiccirclespeopletakegingresearchasjustaninterestareawheretheycantrytolopinterventionsThemedicalcommunityalsotakesagingforgrantedandcandonothingaboutitexceptkeeppeoplewithinacertainhealthrange.”Butifagingwererecognizedasadisease,hesaid,“Itwouldattractfundingandchangethewaywedohealthcare.Whatmattersisunderstandthatagingiscurable.”“Itwasalwaysknownthatthebodyaccumulatesdamage,”headdedTheonlywaytocureagingistofindwaystorepairthatdamageIthinkofitaspreventivemedicineforage-edconditionsLeonardHayflickaprofessorattheUniversityofCalifornia,anFranciscosaidtheideathatagingcanbecuredimplieshumanlifespancanbeincreasedwhichsomeresearcherssuggestispossible.Hayflickisnotamongthem.“There’remanypeoplewhorecoverfromcancer,stroke,orheartdiseaseButtheycontinuetoagebecauseagingisseparatefromtheirdiseaseHayflicksaid“Evenifthosecausesofdeathwereeliminatedlifeexpectancywouldstillnotgomuchbeyondyears”Whatdopeoplegenerallybelieveaboutaging?A)Itshouldcausenotalarmwhatsoever.B)Theyjustcannotdoanythingaboutit.C)Itshouldberegardedasakindofdisease.D)Theycandelayitwithadvancesinscience.Howdomanyscientistsviewagingnow?AItmightbepreventedandtreated.C)Itresultsfromavitamindeficiency.B)Itcanbeasriskyasheartdisease.D)Itisanirreversiblebiologicalprocess.48.WhatdoesAlexZhavoronkovthinkof“describingagingasadisease”A)Itwillpromptpeopletotakeagingmoreseriously.BItwillgreatlyhelpreducethesideeffectsofaging.CItwillfreepharmacistsfromtheconventionalbeliefsaboutaging.DItwillmotivatedoctorsandpharmaciststofindwaystotreataging.Whatdowelearnaboutthemedicalcommunity?ATheynowhaveastronginterestinresearchonaging.BTheydifferfromtheacademiccirclesintheirviewonaging.CTheycancontributetopeopleshealthonlytoalimitedextent.D)Theyhavewaystointerveneinpeople’sagingprocess.oesProfessorLeonardHayflickbelieveA)Thehumanlifespancannotbeprolonged.B)Agingishardlyseparablefromdisease.CFewpeoplecanliveuptotheageof92.D)Heartdiseaseisthemajorcauseofaging.sageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.FemaleapplicantstopostdoctoralpositionsingeoscienceswereearlyhalfaslikelytoreceiveexcellentlettersofcommendationcomparedwiththeirmalecounterpartsChristopherIntagliatareports.Asinmanyotherfields,genderbiasiswidespreadinthesciencesMenscorehigherstartingsalaries,havemorementoring),andhavebetteroddsofbeinghired.StudiesshowtheyrealsoperceivedasmorecompetentthanwomeninSTEMScienceTechnology,Engineering,andMathematics)fieldsAndnewresearchrevealsthatmenaremorelikelytoreceiveexcellentlettersofrecommendation,too.“Say,youknow,thisisthebeststudentI’veeverhad,”saysKuheliDuttasocialscientistanddiversityofficeratColumbiaUniversitysLamontcampusComparethoseexcellentasproductiveorintelligentorasolidscientistorsomethingthatsclearlysolidpraisebutnothingthatsinglesoutthecandidateasexceptionaloroneofakind.”Duttandhercolleaguesstudiedmorethan1,200lettersofrecommendationforpostdoctoralpositionsingeoscience.Theywerealleditedforgenderandotheridentifyinginformation,soDuttandherteamcouldassignthemascorewithoutknowingthegenderofthestudent.Theyfoundthatfemaleapplicantswereonlyhalfaslikelytogetoutstandingletters,comparedwiththeirmalecounterparts.Thatincludeslettersofrecommendationfromallovertheworld,andwrittenby,yes,menandwomen.ThefindingsareinthejournalNatureGeoscience.Duttsaystheywerenotabletoevaluatetheactualscientificqualificationsoftheapplicantsusingthedatainthefiles.Butshesaystheresultsstillsuggestwomeningeoscie