2024年河北中考英語賓語從句精講練

賓語從句(一)什么是賓語賓語是動作的對象或承受者，常位于及物動詞或介詞后面。賓語可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞化的形容詞、不定式、動名詞、賓語從句等來擔(dān)任。(二)賓語從句的定義賓語從句是主從復(fù)合句的一種。主從復(fù)合句是由一個主句和一個或一個以上的從句構(gòu)成的。主句是復(fù)合句的主體，從句僅僅是主句的一個成分，它從屬于主句，不能獨立。從句在全句中充當(dāng)什么成分，就叫什么從句。賓語從句當(dāng)中的從句在句中作及物動詞（vt.)的賓語，或介詞的賓語，或形容詞的賓語。根據(jù)引導(dǎo)賓語從句的不同連詞，賓語從句分為三類：動詞賓語從句，介詞賓語從句和形容詞賓語從句。Iwonderwhenhewille.動賓從句Hewasangryatwhatshesaid.介賓從句Iamnotsurewhetherit’srightornot.形容詞+賓從句(三)賓語從句三要素賓語從句三要素分別是：語序、時態(tài)和連接詞1.賓語從句語序賓語從句均用陳述語序（即正常的主謂語序）：連接詞+主語+謂語+其它成分。強調(diào)一下，它的主語和謂語是陳述句的語序，不是疑問句的倒裝語序。Iwonderwhenhewille.特殊情況：當(dāng)連接詞在從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)主語時，保持原有語序不變。Iwonderwhatisthematterwithhim.連接詞what/who在從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)主語成分，whatiswrongwithit.從句保持原有的特殊疑問句語序不變whoisyourteacher.從句中的主語【例題】I

wonder

________

at

6:00

yesterday

afternoon.

I

was

doing

my

homework

in

the

reading

room

A.

what

were

you

doing

B.

what

did

you

do

C.

what

you

were

doing

D.

what

you

are

doing答案：C2.賓語從句的時態(tài)含賓語從句的復(fù)合句，主、從句謂語動詞的時態(tài)呼應(yīng)應(yīng)包括以下三點內(nèi)容：①主現(xiàn)從不限如果主句的謂語動詞是一般現(xiàn)在時，從句的謂語動詞可根據(jù)需要，選用相應(yīng)的任何時態(tài)。Idon'tknowwhenhewilleback.我不知道他將何時回來。Hetellsmethathissistercamebackyesterday.他告訴我他姐姐昨天回來了。②主過從過如果主句的謂語動詞是一般過去時，賓語從句的謂語動詞只可根據(jù)需要，選用過去的某種時態(tài)（一般過去時、過去進行時、過去將來時或過去完成時）。⑴主句與從句的動作同時發(fā)生，從句用過去進行時或一般過去時ShesaidthatshewasworkingontheInternet. ⑵從句的動作發(fā)生在主句的動作之前，從句用過去完成時Hedidn’tknowwhattheyhadeherefor.⑶從句的動作發(fā)生在主句的動作之后，從句用過去將來時Jimtoldmehewouldspendhisholidaysinthesouth.③從現(xiàn)主補限如果賓語從句所表示的是客觀事實、普遍真理、自然現(xiàn)象或習(xí)慣性動作等，不管主句用什么時態(tài)，從句時態(tài)都用一般現(xiàn)在時。Scientistshaveprovedthattheearthturnsaroundthesun.科學(xué)家已經(jīng)證明了地球圍繞太陽運轉(zhuǎn)。OurteachersaidthatJanuaryisthefirstmonthoftheyear.我們的老師說一月是一年的第一個月?！纠}】1.Wearesurethathe______________(go)toschooltomorrow.2.Ourfathersaidthathe________(will)buyanewputer.3.Iheardthathe________(swim)intheseayesterday.4.Iaskedifhe_______(can)hiketothetopofthemountain.答案：willgo;would;swam;could3.賓語從句連接詞 連詞連接代詞pron.連接副詞adv.賓語從句thatwhetherifwho/whom/whose/whoever/whomever/whosever/what/which/whatever/whicheverwhen/where/why/how/howmuch/howlong/howoften…(一)that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句當(dāng)賓語從句是陳述句時，用連接代詞that引導(dǎo)，that在口語、非正式文體中常被省略。Shesaid(that)shewenttotheparklastweek.她說她上周去了公園?！就卣埂縯hat不能省略的情況1.當(dāng)賓語從句的主語是that時：Hesaysthatthatisamapothecity.他說那是一副城市地圖。2.當(dāng)賓語從句前有插入語時：Hesays,inhisletter,thathemissesusverymuch.3.當(dāng)賓語從句是雙賓語中的直接賓語時：Ican’ttellhimthathisfatherdied.(二)if或whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句當(dāng)賓語從句是由一般疑問句變來時，要用連接詞if或whether來引導(dǎo)。if和whether在句中的意思是“是否”，一般情況下二者可以互換使用。Iwanttoknowif/whetherheiswaitingforme.我想知道他是否在等我。【拓展】只能用whether的情況

①在不定式前：Whethertogothereornothasn'tbeendecided.

②在介詞后：Itdependson(依靠)whetheritisgoingtorain.

③與ornot連用：Theyaretalkingaboutwhethertogothereornot.【例題】—I’mnotsure________ornottherearelivingthingsonotherplanets.—Evenscientistsaren’tsureaboutthat.A.whetherB.whenC.whyD.if答案：A(三)疑問詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句當(dāng)賓語從句是特殊疑問句時，特殊疑問詞就是引導(dǎo)詞，不可省略，而且賓語從句要用陳述語序，即：疑問詞+主語+謂語+其他。常見的疑問詞：who/whom/whose/what/which/whoever/whomever/whosever/whatever/whicheverwhen/where/why/how/howmuch/howlong/howoften…IwonderedwhatIshoulddonext.我想知道下一步該做什么。Idon'tknowwhosebookitis.我不知道這是誰的書。【例題】Ifyoucan'tfindtheplace,Iwillshowyou____.A.whatitisB.whatitwasC.whereitisD.whereitwas答案：C(四)賓語從句的否定前移當(dāng)賓語從句表示否定意義時，如果主句的主語是第一人稱，謂語動詞是think，believe，suppose，expect等詞時，通常將否定轉(zhuǎn)移到主句的謂語動詞中。Idon'tbelievehewille.我相信他不會來了。Idon'tthinkthereisanythingwrongwiththeradio.我認(rèn)為這臺收音機沒有毛病?！就卣埂竣佼?dāng)賓語從句的否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移時，若主句的主語是第一人稱，則該句的反意疑問句由從句來決定。Idon'tthinkheisanhonestboy,ishe?我認(rèn)為他不是一個誠實的孩子，對嗎？②當(dāng)主句的主語不是第一人稱時，則該句的反意疑問句由主句來決定。Youbelievehewilleheresoon,don'tyou?你相信他很快就會來這兒，對嗎？(五)含有賓語從句的復(fù)合句與簡單句的轉(zhuǎn)換含有賓語從句的復(fù)合句在一定的條件下可以轉(zhuǎn)化為簡單句。1.若主句的主語與從句的主語一致，則由疑問句引導(dǎo)的賓語從句可以變成“疑問詞+動詞不定式”的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。Idon’tknowhowIshoulddoitnext.=Idon’tknowhowtodoitnext.我不知道下一步應(yīng)該怎樣做。2.當(dāng)主句的謂語動詞是see,hear,watch等時，其后的that從句常簡化為“賓語+動詞原形/動詞ing形式”。Isawsomeboyswereplayingbasketballontheplaygroundjustnow.=Isawsomeboysplayingbasketballontheplaygroundjustnow.剛才我看到一些男孩正在操場上打籃球。3.當(dāng)主句的謂語動詞是hope,agree,wish等，且主句的主語與從句的主語一致時，其后以that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句可簡化為動詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。HeagreedthathecouldhelpmewithmyEnglish.=HeagreedtohelpmewithmyEnglish.他同意幫我學(xué)習(xí)英語?！纠}】Hetolduswhere________apicnic.A.havingB.tohaveC.haveD.had答案：B(六)賓語從句考點總結(jié)1.賓語從句的語序陳述語序2.賓語從句的時態(tài)3.賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞根據(jù)具體語境和語義來選擇引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)詞的作用例句that本身無意義，只起連接作用，口語中可省略。Hesaid(that)Katewasgoodatswimming.他說凱特擅長游泳。if/whether意為“是否”，不作句子成分，但不能省略。Iwonderifyouareateacher.我想知道你是否是老師。what,which,whose,whom等連接代詞在從句中作一定的成分，如主語、賓語、定語等。Idon'tknowwhattheyaregoingtodo.我不知道他們打算干什么。Heaskedmewhosebookitwas.他問我這本書是誰的。when(指時間),where(指地點),why(表原因),how(表方式)等連接副詞在從句中作狀語。Couldyoutellmewhereyouarefrom?你能告訴我你來自哪兒嗎？Doyouknowhowtheyfoundtheplace?你知道他們是怎么找到這個地方的嗎？【例題】將下列句子改為賓語從句。1.Whenwillshee?Doyouknow?_____________________________________________________2.Howdidyoudoitsowell?Canyoutellme?_____________________________________________________3.Doesthewomanliveinthevillage?I'mnotsure._____________________________________________________4.Whywasthetrainlateagain?Ididn'tknow._____________________________________________________答案：Doyouknowwhenshewille?Canyoutellmehowyoudiditsowell?I'mnotsurewhether/ifthewomanlivesinthevillage.Ididn'tknowwhythetrainwaslateagain.練習(xí)用that，what,how,if或whether填空1.WangHongtold_______shewascookingat6：00yesterdaymorning.2.Iwonder________Icangetsomeadvicefromyou.3.Idon’tknow_______ornottheywilleforourhelp.4.Ourgeographyteachersaid________theearthgoesaroundthesun.5.Hisfatherisworriedabout________helosthiswork.單項選擇1.I'vedecidedtogotoLondonnextweekend.Iwaswonderingyoucouldgowithme.A.if B.when C.that D.where2.Youdon'tknowIwanttoseeyouagain.It'sayearsinceIlastsawyou.A.howsoon B.howlong C.howoften D.howmuch3.Don'twaitforpeopletobefriendly,showthemafriendlypersonyouare.A.what B.how C.when D.where4.ThomaswantstoknowNinalives.A.where B.who C.what D.if5.—Doyouknowthemanwithsunglassesis?—I'mnotsure.Maybeareporter.A.who B.what C.where D.how6.—Howlongdoesittaketogettotheairport?—Fortyminutes.Butit'sfoggytoday.I'mnotsurethehighwaywillclosesoon.Let'ssetoffearlier.A.whether B.when C.how D.why7.—Canyoutellmeyouusuallyplayfootball?—Onceaweek.A.howsoon B.howlong C.howoften D.howfar8.IwastoldtomeetMr.Greenattheairport.ButIdon'tknowhewillarrive.A.where B.why C.how D.when9.—DoyouthinkXiaoMingcanpassthehighschoolentranceexamornot?—Sorry,I'venoidea.A.that B.which C.if D.whether10.IwastoldtomeetMr.Whiteattheairport.ButIdon'tknowhewillarrivealoneorwithsomeoneelse.A.when B.if C.where D.why11.WearegladtohearthattheGreenstoanewflatnextweek.A.moved B.moved C.willmove D.havemoved12.Iaskedyourmotherifshethatdress.A.bought B.hadbought C.hadbuyed D.buy13.Theywonderediftheirteacherthemanotherstorythenextweek.A.wouldtell B.hadtold C.willtell D.told14.Mumsaidthatthelightfasterthanthesound.A.goes B.isgoing C.went D.wouldgo15.—Howcleantheflooristoday!—Oh,yes.Doyouknowwhoit?A.willsweep B.swept C.issweeping D.sweeps16.JennytoldmethatsheanEnglishSpeechContestthenextmonth.A.takespartin B.istakingpartinC.tookpartin D.wouldtakepartin17.Hetoldme.A.theearthranaroundthesun B.theearthrunsaroundthesunC.thesunranaroundtheearth D.thesunrunsaroundtheearth18.—WhatdidYangYingsay?—Shesaidtheyaschooltripthenextweekend.A.willhave B.had C.wouldhave D.have19.Father'sDayising.I'mthinkingabout.A.whatpresentIgavehimB.wherewehadabigmealC.howIwillgivehimasurpriseD.ifIplannedapartyforhim20.Theofficialsaidtheyanewlawtoprotectthetouriststhenextyear.A.makes B.wouldmake C.made D.havemade21.—Couldyoutellme?—Ofcourse.A.where'sthereagoodplacetoeatB.wherethere'sagoodplacetoeatC.whereisagoodplacetoeatD.whereagoodplaceistoeat22.—Peter,isthereanythingelseyouwanttoknowaboutChina?—Yes,Iamstillwondering.A.howisChinesepapercutmadeB.howwastheGreatWallbuiltinancienttimesC.whytheChinesepeopleliketoplaythedragondanceD.whydotheChinesepeopleeatricedumplingsatDragonBoatFestival23.Peterwentuptoapolicemanandaskedthenearestpostoffice.A.wherecouldhefind B.wherehecouldfindC.hecouldfindwhere D.hecouldwherefind24.Iwanttoknow.A.whenweshouldarriveattheairportB.whenshouldwearriveattheairportC.whentheairportweshouldarriveatD.whentheairportshouldwearriveat25.—Couldyoutellmeinyourhometowninwinter?—Sure.A.whetherdoesitoftensnow B.whetheritoftensnowsC.ifitoftensnow D.ifdoesitsnow26.Byreadingthearticle,weknowhowinourdailylife.A.willweprotecttheearth B.wecanreducepollutionC.shouldwesavewater D.wemustrecyclethings27.Youcan'timaginewhenthepoorpupilsreceivedthesenicepresentsonChildren'sDay.A.howtheywereexcited B.howexcitedtheywereC.howexcitedwerethey D.theywerehowexcited28.Ireallywanttoknow.A.whatiswrongwithmybrotherB.howwillhegotoBeijingtomorrowC.ifhadheboughtthatcarD.wheredidhegoyesterday29.Yesterdayareporterasked10studentsatHilltopSchoollastweekend.A.whatdidtheydo B.whatweretheydoing C.whattheydid D.howweretheydoing30.Someofmyfriendsareinterestedinscience,butnoneofthemcantell.A.whydohorsesknowthewayB.wherewasthiskindofplantfoundC.howdoelephantsmunicateD.whenUFOswillappearnexttime31.TheWorldHealthOrganizationhasgivensomeadviceontoprotectusfrombeinginfected(感染)withH7N9.A.how B.what C.where D.when32.Themathproblemissohard.Ireallydon'tknow.A.howtodoit B.howtodo C.whattodoit D.howdoit33.—Simon.Ihearyouaregoingabroadforfurtherstudy.Haveyoudecided?—NextSeptember.A.whengoing B.whentogo C.howgoing D.howtogo34.—IoftenchatwithmyfriendsontheInternet.—Youaresosmart!Willyoupleasetellme?A.howtodo B.howtodoitC.howtouse D.whencanIuseit35.Canyoutellme?A.whatdoing B.whentodo C.howtodo D.whattodo36.Thismathproblemistoodifficult.Canyoushowme,George?A.whattoworkout B.toworkitoutC.howtoworkitout D.howtoworkoutit37.Wecan'tworkoutthephysicsproblem.Canyoutellus?A.howtodo B.whattodoitC.howtodoit D.whatshouldtodo38.—Idon'tknowtodonext?—It'seasy.Presstheredbuttonin2minutes.A.what B.how C.where D.when39.—Areyougoingtohaveasportsmeetingtomorrow?—Yes,butI'llcallKatetomakesure.A.whytostart B.whentostart C.whattostart D.howtostart40.CanyoutellmeontheInternet?A.howtosearch B.howsearchC.wherecanIsearch D.whencanIsearch用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B接代詞或連接副詞填空。1.MissGreendidn'ttellus________shelivedin2002，butnowshelivesinourschool.2.Canyoutellme________hedidnotturnoffthelightwhenhelefttheclassroom?3.—Doyouremember________hecamehere?—OfcourseIdo.Hisfatherdrovehimhere.4.—I'mwaitingforthemail.Doyouknow________itwillarrive?—Usuallyitesby4:00.5.—Doyouknow________themanwithsunglassesis?—I'mnotsure.Maybeareporter.6.—Canyoutellme________heboughtthecar?—Abouttwoweeksago.7.—Thelightinhisroomisstillon.Doyouknow________hestaysupsolate?—Inordertopreparefortheingexam.8.Henevertoldus________helivedwith.Ⅱ.按要求完成下列句子，每空一詞。9.WheredoesAlicelive？(用Idon'tknow改為賓語從句)Idon'tknow________Alice________.10.Whatwillhedotoprotecttheanimals？(用IaskedMike改為賓語從句)Iasked