專(zhuān)題04 閱讀理解 (說(shuō)明文議論文)-【好題匯編】2024年高考英語(yǔ)一模試題分類(lèi)匯編北京專(zhuān)用原卷版

專(zhuān)題04閱讀理解(說(shuō)明文&議論文)Part1閱讀理解之說(shuō)明文（一）（204屆.北京海淀區(qū).統(tǒng)考一模）Withallthedietaryinformationonline,itcanbehardtoknowwhattipstofollow.Watchoutforthesewordsandexpressions.FatIsGoodItdoesn'tmatterifyouarepartofthefatisGOODforyouorBADforyougroup,theimportantquestiontoaskisthesourceofthefat.Ifitcomesfromaland-basedanimal,andislikelytobesolidatroomtemperature,thenitissaturated(飽和的)fatwhereasifitcomesfromfishorplants,anditislikelytobeliquidatroomtemperature,thenitisunsaturatedfat.Alltheevidenceindicatesthateatingmoreunsaturatedfatthansaturatedfatlowersyourriskofdyingearly.NaturalSugarIsBetterThevastmajorityofsugarweconsumeissucrose（蔗糖）.Itisthewhitepowderedstuffwecookwithandismadeupofglucoseandfructose.Howaboutsugarfromhoney?Itisoftenmarketedasnaturalandbetterforyou.Actually,itjusthasitsowndistinctflavour,butisassweetbecauseofglucoseandfructose.High-pHWaterSomepeoplethinkweneedtoeatalkali（堿）foodtomaintainourbloodatapHof7.4.Buteverythingweeatordrinkpassesthroughthestomach,which,atapHof1.5,isthemostacidicpartofthebody.ItisthenneutralisedtoapHof7.So,nothingweeatwillchangethepHofourblood.Don’tEatAnythingThatYouCan'tPronounceWhetherfoodsarenaturalorhighlyprocessed,theyareallfullofchemicals.Areyousupposedtofear“phenylthiocarbamide”,becauseyoucan'tpronounceit?Thisissimplythechemicalresponsibleforthebittertastefoundinbrassicas,theplantsinthecabbageandmustardfamily.Don'tEatFoodWithMoreThanFiveIngredients（佐料）Simplefoodsarenotnecessarilyhealthierforyou.IfI,forinstance,useChinesefivespicepowderinarecipe,thatwouldcountasoneofthefiveingredients.However,whatifIaddedthetypicalcomponentsoffivespicepowderseparatelyintoadish?Doesthatmeanmyrecipesuddenlybecomesbadbecauseithasmorethanfiveingredients?21. Accordingtothepassage,healthierfat______.A.canbefoundinfishandplants B.comesfromland-basedanimalsC.remainssolidatroomtemperature D.canlowerthedeathrateofelders22.Thepassagesuggeststhat________.A.dietscanhelpadjustthepHofourbloodB.honeysugarcandomoregoodthansucroseC.foodswithmoreingredientsmaybeashealthyD.chemicalswecanrecognizearesafertotakein23.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Tocomparetipsonfoodchoices.B.Tointroducedifferenthealthconcepts.C.Torecommendfitnessrecipestoreaders.D.Towarnusofsomedietarymisunderstandings.（二）（2024屆.北京海淀區(qū).統(tǒng)考一模）Researchershopebrainimplantswillonedayhelppeoplewithaphasia（失語(yǔ)癥）togettheirvoiceback—andmaybeeventosing.Now,forthefirsttime,scientistshavedemonstratedthatthebrain'selectricalactivitycanbedecodedandusedtoreconstructmusic.Anewstudyanalyzeddatafrom29peoplemonitoredforepilepticseizures（癲癇發(fā)作），usingelectrodes（電極）onthesurfaceoftheirbrain.Asparticipantslistenedtoaselectedsong,electrodescapturedbrainactivityrelatedtomusicalelements,suchastone,rhythm,andlyrics.Employingmachinelearning,RobertKnightfromUCBerkeleyandhiscolleaguesreconstructedwhattheparticipantswerehearingandpublishedtheirstudyresults.Thepaperisthefirsttosuggestthatscientistscan“l(fā)istensecretlyto”thebraintosynthesize（合成）music.Toturnbrainactivitydataintomusicalsound,researcherstrainedanartificialintelligence（AI）modeltodecodedatacapturedfromthousandsofelectrodesthatwereattachedtotheparticipantsastheylistenedtothesongwhileundergoingsurgery.Oncethebraindatawerefedthroughthemodel,themusicreturned.Themodelalsorevealedsomebrainpartsrespondingtodifferentmusicalfeaturesofthesong.Althoughthefindingsfocusedonmusic,theresearchersexpecttheirresultstobemostusefulfortranslatingbrainwavesintohumanspeech.LudovicBellier,thestudy'sleadauthor,explainsthatspeech,regardlessoflanguage,hassmallmelodicdifferences—tempo,stress,accents,andintonation—knownasprosody（韻律）.Theseelementscarrymeaningthatwecan'tcommunicatewithwordsalone.Hehopesthemodelwillimprovebrain-computerinterfaces（BCI）,assistivedevicesthatrecordspeech-associatedbrainwavesandusealgorithmstoreconstructintendedmessages.Thistechnology,stillinitsinfancy,couldhelppeoplewhohavelosttheabilitytospeakbecauseofaphasia.Futureresearchshouldinvestigatewhetherthesemodelscanbeexpandedfrommusicthatparticipantshaveheardtoimaginedinternalspeech.Ifabrain-computerinterfacecouldrecreatesomeone'sspeechwiththeprosodyandemotionalweightfoundinmusic,itcouldofferarichercommunicationexperiencebeyondmerewords.Severalbarriersremainbeforewecanputthistechnologyinthehands—orbrains—ofpatients.Thecurrentmodelreliesonsurgicalimplants.Asrecordingtechniquesimprove,thehopeistogatherdatanon-invasively,possiblyusingultrasensitiveelectrodes.However,undercurrenttechnologies,thisapproachmightresultinalowerspeedofdecodingintonaturalspeech.Theresearchersalsohopetoimprovetheplaybackclaritybypackingtheelectrodesclosertogetheronthebrain’ssurface,enablinganevenmoredetailedlookattheelectricalsymphonythebrainproduces.28.Whatcanwelearnfromthestudy?A.Electrodescananalyzemusicalelements.B.Thedecodingofbraindatahelpsrecreatemusic.C.Machinelearninggreatlyenhancesbrainactivity.D.TheAImodelmonitorsmusic-responsivebrainregions.29.Whathopefullymakesitpossibletoexpandthemodeltospeech?A.Theprosodyofspeech. B.Thecollectionofbrainwaves.C.Theemotionalweightofmusic. D.Thereconstructionofinformation.30.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.UnlockingtheSecretsofMelodicMind B.BrainSymphony:SynthesizedHumanSpeechC.BCIBringsHopetoPeoplewithAphasia D.RemarkableJourney:DecodingBrainwithAI（三）（2024屆.北京西城區(qū).統(tǒng)考一模）EvanSelinger,professorinRIT’sDepartmentofPhilosophy,hastakenaninterestintheethics(倫理標(biāo)準(zhǔn))ofAlandthepolicygapsthatneedtobefilledin.Throughahumanitiesviewpoint,Selingerasksthequestions,“HowcanAIcauseharm,andwhatcangovernmentsandcompaniescreatingAlprogramsdotoaddressandmanageit?”Answeringthem,heexplained,requiresaninterdisciplinaryapproach.“AIethicsgobeyondtechnicalfixes.Philosophersandotherhumanitiesexpertsareuniquelyskilledtoaddressthenuanced(微妙的)principles,valueconflicts,andpowerdynamics.Theseskillsaren’tjustcrucialforaddressingcurrentissues.Wedesperatelyneedthemtopromoteanticipatory(先行的)governance,”saidSelinger.Oneexamplethatillustrateshowphilosophyandhumanitiesexpertscanhelpguidethesenew,rapidlygrowingtechnologiesisSelinger’sworkcollaboratingwithaspecialAIproject.“OneoftheskillsIbringtothetableisidentifyingcoreethicalissuesinemergingtechnologiesthathaven’tbeenbuiltorusedbythepublic.Wecantakepreventativestepstolimitrisk,includingchanginghowthetechnologyisdesigned,”saidSelinger.TakingthesepreventativestepsandregularlyreassessingwhatrisksneedaddressingispartoftheongoingjourneyinpursuitofcreatingresponsibleAI.Selingerexplainsthatthereisn’tastep-by-stepapproachforgoodgovernance.“AIethicshavecorevaluesandprinciples,butthere’sendlessdisagreementaboutinterpretingandapplyingthemandcreatingmeaningfulaccountabilitymechanisms,”saidSelinger.“SomepeoplearerightlyworriedthatAIcanbecomeintegratedinto‘ethicswashing’-weakchecklists,flowerymissionstatements,andemptyrhetoricthatcoversoverabusesofpower.Fortunately,I’vehadgreatconversationsaboutthisissue,includingwithsomeexperts,onwhyitisimportanttoconsiderarangeofpositions.”SomeofSelinger’srecentresearchhasfocusedontheback-endissueswithdevelopingAIsuchasthehumanimpactthatcomeswithtestingAIchatbotsbeforethey’rereleasedtothepublic.Otherissuesfocusonpolicy,suchaswhattodoaboutthedangersposedbyfacialrecognitionandotherautomatedsurveillance(監(jiān)視)approaches.SelingerismakingsurehisstudentsareinformedabouttheongoingindustryconversationsonAIethicsandresponsibleAI.“Studentsaregoingtobefuturetechleaders.Nowisthetimetohelpthemthinkaboutwhatgoalstheircompaniesshouldhaveandthecostsofminimizingethicalconcerns.Beyondsocialcosts,downplayingethicscannegativelyimpactcorporatecultureandhiring,”saidSelinger.“Toattracttoptalent,youneedtoconsiderwhetheryourcompanymatchestheirinterestsandhopesforthefuture.”28.Selingeradvocatesaninterdisciplinaryapproachbecause________.A.humanitiesexpertspossessskillsessentialforAIethicsB.itdemonstratesthepowerofanticipatorygovernanceC.AIethicsheavilydependsontechnologicalsolutionsD.itcanavoidsocialconflictsandpressingissues29.TopromoteresponsibleAI,Selingerbelievesweshould________.A.adoptasystematicapproach B.applyinnovativetechnologiesC.anticipateethicalrisksbeforehand D.establishaccountabilitymechanisms30.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A.MorecompanieswilluseAItoattracttoptalent.B.UnderstandingAIethicswillhelpstudentsinthefuture.C.Selingerfavorscompaniesthatmatchhisstudents’values.D.Selingerislikelytofocusonback-endissuessuchaspolicy.（四）（2024屆.北京西城區(qū).統(tǒng)考一模）Whilesomeallergies(過(guò)敏癥)disappearovertimeorwithtreatment,otherslastalifetime.Fordecades,scientistshavebeensearchingforthesourceoftheselifetimeallergies.Recently,researchersfoundthatmemoryBcellsmaybeinvolved.ThesecellsproduceadifferentclassofantibodiesknownasIgG,whichwardoffviralinfections.ButnoonehadidentifiedexactlywhichofthosecellswererecallingallergensorhowtheyswitchedtomakingtheIgEantibodiesresponsibleforallergies.Touncoverthemysteriouscells,tworesearchteamstookadeepdiveintotheimmune(免疫的)cellsofpeoplewithallergiesandsomewithout.ImmunologistJoshuaKoenigandcolleaguesexaminedmorethan90,000memoryBcellsfromsixpeoplewithbirchallergies,fourpeopleallergictodustmitesandfivepeoplewithnoallergies.UsingatechniquecalledRNAsequencing,theteamidentifiedspecificmemoryBcells,whichtheynamedMBC2sthatmakeantibodiesandproteinsassociatedwiththeimmuneresponsethatcausesallergies.Inanotherexperiment,KoenigandcolleaguesusedapeanutproteintogofishingformemoryBcellsfrompeoplewithpeanutallergies.Theteampulledoutthesametypeofcellsfoundinpeoplewithbirchanddustmiteallergies.Inpeoplewithpeanutallergies,thosecellsincreasedinnumberandproducedIgEantibodiesasthepeoplestartedtreatmenttodesensitizethemtopeanutallergens.AnothergroupledbyMariaCurottodeLafaille,animmunologistattheIcahnSchoolofMedicineatMountSinaiinNewYorkCity,alsofoundthatsimilarcellsweremoreplentifulin58childrenallergictopeanutsthanin13kidswithoutallergies.TheteamfoundthatthecellsarereadytoswitchfrommakingprotectiveIgGantibodiestoallergy-causingIgEantibodies.Evenbeforetheswitch,thecellsweremakingRNAforIgEbutdidn’tproducetheprotein.MakingthatRNAenablesthecellstoswitchthetypeofantibodiestheymakewhentheyencounterallergens.ThesignaltoswitchpartiallydependsonaproteincalledJAK,thegroupdiscovered.“StoppingJAKfromsendingthesignalcouldhelppreventthememorycellsfromswitchingtoIgEproduction,”Lafaillesays.Shealsopredictsthatallergistsmaybeabletoexamineaspectsofthesememorycellstoforecastwhetherapatient'sallergyislikelytolastordisappearwithtimeortreatment.“Knowingwhichpopulationofcellsstoreallergiesinlong-termmemorymayeventuallyhelpscientistsidentifyotherwaystokilltheallergycells,”saysCeciliaBerin,animmunologistatNorthwesternUniversityFeinbergSchoolofMedicine.“Youcouldpotentiallygetridofnotonlyyourpeanutallergybutalsoallofyourallergies.”31.Whydidscientistsinvestigatetheimmunecellsofindividualswithandwithoutallergies?A.ToexplorethedistinctionsbetweenIgGandIgE.B.TouncovernewantibodiesknownasIgGandIgE.C.Toidentifycellsresponsiblefordefendingagainstallergies.D.Torevealcellsassociatedwiththedevelopmentofallergies.32.Whatdoestheword“desensitize”underlinedinParagraph4mostprobablymean?AMake...lessdestructive. B.Make...lessresponsive.C.Make...lessprotective. D.Make...lesseffective.33.Whatcanwelearnfromthetworesearchteams’work?A.MBC2smakeantibodiesandproteinsthatpreventallergies.B.MemoryBcellsgeneratebothRNAforIgEandthecorrespondingprotein.C.JAKplaysaroleincontrollingantibodyproductionwhenexposedtoallergens.DAllergistsarecapableofpredictingwhetheranallergywilllastordisappear.34.Whichcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.RNASequencingIsAppliedinImmunologyResearchB.SpecificCellsRelatedtoPeanutAllergiesAreIdentifiedC.UnmaskingCells’IdentitiesHelpsDiagnoseandTreatAllergiesD.NewfoundImmuneCellsAreResponsibleforLong-lastingAllergies（五）（2024屆.北京東城區(qū)等五區(qū).統(tǒng)考一模）InThailand,human-elephantconflictisincreasing.Tolocalfarmers,elephantsthreatentheirsafetyandeconomiclivelihood.BringtheElephantHome(BTEH)isanon-profitorganisationwhosemissionistoincreasechancesofsurvivalforelephantsandworktowardsaworldinwhichpeopleandelephantscanliveinharmony,beneftingfromeachother’sexistence.BTEH’sprojectsrootinlocalcommunities.Theirworkischaracterisedbythreeprinciples:localinvolvement,ahealthyecology,andbenefitsforpeopleandelephantssimultaneously(同時(shí)地).Theyleadtoshareddecisionmaking,ownershipoflocalcommunities,sustainability,andapeacefulcoexistenceofpeopleandanimals.AgroupofBTEHresearchersandlocalfarmervolunteersareexperimentingwithhowtomaketheplantationslessappealingtoelephantsandpreventthemfromcomingintothefarms.AndtheTomYumProjectcomesintobeing.ThenameoftheTomYumProjectcomesfromtheThaisoup.Theingredients(原料)forthesouparechilli,garlic,lemongrass,andonion—noneofwhichareattractivetoelephants.Thisprojectgiveshopetoalternativecropsasasolutiontohuman-elephantconflictinThailand.Theprojectworksinthefollowingsteps.TheTomYumProjectisthefirstresearchandcommunity-basedalternativecropplantinginitiativetopromotehuman-elephantcoexistence.Now,somesimilarprojectswillbecarriedoutinSriLanka.21.Accordingtothepassage,BTEH’smissionistoA.developruralcommunities B.createhealthyenvironmentsC.improvelocaleconomiclivelihood D.promotehuman-elephantcoexistence22.IntheTomYumProject,researchersandlocalfarmers_______.A.formsomeguardingteams B.volunteertocollectingredientsC.experimentwithalternativecrops D.provideelephantswiththeThaisoup23.Inwhichstepdofarmersturntheharvestedcropsintoorganichoneyorteas?A.Step2. B.Step3. C.Step4. D.Step5.（六）（2024屆.北京東城區(qū)等五區(qū).統(tǒng)考一模）Timeisoneofhumanity’sgreatestblindspots.Weexperienceitasdays,monthsoryears.Butnaturefunctionsonmuchgranderscales,measuredincenturies,andevenlongerphasesoftengroupedas“deeptime.”Humanity’sshortsightednessaroundtimecreatesmajorlimitsonmodernconservation.Astheclimateandbiodiversitycrisesaccelerate,weareurgentlyworkingtoprotectandregenerateecosystemswithoutunderstandinghowtheyfunctionedwhentheyweretrulydoingwell.Adeeptimeperspectivecanhelpchangethat.Takeforestmanagement.Fordecades,ourpracticescalledforall-outpreventionofeventhemildestforestfires,believingthatfirewasbadforbothpeopleandnonhumannature.Untilrecentlyweignoredtheforestmanagementstrategiesindigenous(土著的)communitieshadsuccessfullyusedforcenturies,inparticulartheapplicationofsmall-scalecontrolledburns.Fire,itturnsout,hasalwaysbeenanintegralingredientinhealthyforestecosystems,promotingnewgrowthbythinningtheunderstory.Today,we’rebeginningtoseewidespreadapplicationofindigenousknowledgetoforestmanagement,tappingintothisancientwisdom.Buthowcanweknowwhatanecosystemlookedlikecenturiesago?Onepathwayisthroughmodernmathematicalmodeling.Wehavemarrieditwithstreamsoflong-termdataanddiscoveredapossiblewaytopreservetheecosystemofCalifornia’skelpforest.ByexamininghowNorthPacifickelpforestsexistedlongbeforethe19thcentury,wefoundthatwe’veignoredthepresenceofakeystonespecies—theSteller’sseacow,anditsroleinmaintainingtheharmonyofthisecosystem.Ourmodeldescribedtheinteractionsbetweengiantkelpandunderstoryalgaecompetingforlightandspaceontheseafloor.Thenweranthemodelagain,butthistimewiththeSteller’sseacowaddedin.Thesemammalsfedontheleavesfromtheupperkelplayers.Thisallowedlighttoreachtheseabottom,whichinturnstimulatedthegrowthofnotonlythekelpbutotherkindsoforganisms.Inre-creatingthatvanishedhistoricalsystemthatincludedtheSteller’sseacow,wecouldseeamorediverseforestwheretheunderstorycompetedbetterwithkelpInshort,whatweassumeweknowaboutanecosystembasedontherecentpastmayimpedeourabilitytofullyunderstandandprotectit.Toensurethatourboldestconservationeffortsaresuccessful,wemustbeginlookingattimeasanessentialtool.28.Accordingtothepassage,whatgetsinthewayofhuman’sconservationefforts?A.Lackofinsightsintodeeptime B.TheworseningofbiodiversitycrisesC.Theblindnesstomanagementstrategies. D.Resistancetotakingadeeptimeperspective.29.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.IgnoringtheSteller’sseacowledtoecologicalimbalance.B.Peoplenowprioritizefirepreventionovercontrolledburns.C.MathematicalmodelingmattersmorethanindigenousknowledgeD.Harvestingupperkelpleavesencouragesfreshgrowthintheunderstory.30.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“impede”inthelastparagraphprobablymean?A.Bringforth. B.Boostup. C.Shutdown. D.Holdback.（七）（2024屆.北京東城區(qū)等五區(qū).統(tǒng)考一模）SeveraldozengraduatestudentsinLondonwererecentlytaskedwithoutwittingalargelanguagemodel(LLM),atypeofAIdesignedtoholdusefulconversations.LLMsareoftenprogrammedwithguardrailsdesignedtostopthemgivingharmfulreplies:instructionsonmakingbombsinabathtub,say,ortheconfidentstatementof“facts”thatarenotactuallytrue.Theaimofthetaskwastobreakthoseguardrails.Someresultsweremerelystupid.Forexample,oneparticipantgotthechatbottoclaimduckscouldbeusedasindicatorsofairquality.Butthemostsuccessfuleffortswerethosethatmadethemachineproducethetitles,publicationdatesandhostjournalsofnon-existentacademicarticles.AIhasthepotentialtobeabigbenefittoscience.Optimiststalkofmachinesproducingreadablesummariesofcomplicatedareasofresearch;tirelesslyanalysingoceansofdatatosuggestnewdrugsandeven,oneday,comingupwithhypothesesoftheirown.ButAIcomeswithdownsides,too.Startwiththesimplestproblem:academicmisconduct.SomejournalsallowresearcherstouseLLMstohelpwritepapers.Butnoteverybodyiswillingtoadmittoit.Sometimes,thefactthatLLMshavebeenusedisobvious.GuillaumeCabanac,acomputerscientist,hasuncovereddozensofpapersthatcontainphrasessuchas“regenerateresponse”—thetextofabuttoninsomeversionsofChatGPTthatcommandstheprogramtorewriteitsmostrecentanswer,probablycopiedintothemanuscript(原稿)bymistake.AnotherproblemariseswhenAImodelsaretrainedonAI-generateddata.LLMsaretrainedontextfromtheInternet.Astheychurnout(大量炮制)moresuchtext,theriskofLLMstakingintheirownoutputsgrows.Thatcancause“modelcollapse”.In2023lliaShumailov,acomputerscientist,co-authoredapaperinwhichamodelwasfedhandwrittendigitsandaskedtogeneratedigitsofitsown,whichwerefedbacktoitinturn.Afterafewcycles,thecomputer’snumbersbecamemoreorlessillegible.After20iterations(迭代),itcouldproduceonlyroughcirclesorblurrylines.Someworrythatcomputer-generatedinsightsmightcomefrommodelswhoseinnerworkingsarenotunderstood.Inexplainablemodelsarenotuseless,saysDavidLeslieatanAI-researchoutfitinLondon,buttheiroutputswillneedrigoroustestingintherealworld.Thatisperhapslessunnervingthanitsounds.Checkingmodelsagainstrealityiswhatscienceissupposedtobeabout,afterall.Fornow,atleast,questionsoutnumberanswers.Thethreatsthatmachinesposetothescientificmethodare,attheendoftheday,thesameonesposedbyhumans.AIcouldacceleratetheproductionofnonsensejustasmuchasitacceleratesgoodscience.AstheRoyalSocietyhasit,nulliusinverba:takenobody’swordforit.Nothing’s,either.31.TheresultofthetaskconductedinLondonshowsthat________.A.LLMsgiveawayusefulinformation B.theguardrailsturnouttobeineffectiveC.AI’sinfluencewillpotentiallybedecreased D.theeffortputintothestudyofAIhardlypaysoff32.Whatdoes“modelcollapse”indicate?A.Thereadabilityofthemodels’outputisunderestimated.B.Thediversesourcesofinformationconfusethemodels.C.Trainingonregenerateddatastopsmodelsworkingwell.D.Thedatawillbecomereliableaftercontinuousiterations.33.Accordingtothepassage,people’sworryovertheinexplainablemodelsis__________.A.impractical B.unjustified C.groundless D.unsettling34.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.FasterNonsense:AICouldAlsoGoWrongB.ImperfectModels:HowWillAIMakeAdvances?C.TheRiseofLLMs:AICouldStillBePromisingD.BiggerThreats:AIWillBeUncontrollable（八）（2024屆.北京石景山區(qū).統(tǒng)考一模）It’saknownfactthatemissions(排放物)fromgas-poweredvehiclesareharmingtheatmosphere.Inresponsetothis,Porsche,theGermansportscarcompany,beganproducinge-fuelsatapilotplantinChilelastyear.Currently,thefuelwillbeusedonlyinsportscarsatPorsche’sperformanceandexperiencecenters.E-fuelsaremadebypassingelectricitythroughwater.Theelectricityseparatesthehydrogenandoxygenfromwater.ThehydrogenisthenmixedwithCO?toproducealiquide-fuel,whichcanbeproducedusingmanyrenewableenergysources,suchassolarandwindpower.E-fuelsfollowthechemicalstructureofgasoline,makingitpossibleforgas-poweredcarstorunone-fuelsalmostwithoutanychange.E-fuelscanhelpeasethetransformawayfromgas-poweredcars,forthosewhomaynotbeabletoaffordelectricvehicles(EV).Itwillalsohelptoreducewastebykeepinggas-poweredcarsinservice,insteadofthrowingthemawayprematurely.Additionally,theuseofe-fuelswillnotrequirenewfacilitytobebuiltunlikeEVs.Existinggasstationsandcarswillbeabletostayinuse,whichisalreadyabigsaving.Despitethemanybenefits,opinionsdifferonwhethere-fuelsaretrulyeco-friendly.E-fuelsarewidelysaidtobenearlycarbonneutral(碳中和),althoughanindependentstudyindicatesthate-fuelsreleasethesameamountofCO?asgasoline.Sincee-fuelsarestillbeingdevelopedandtested,theirtrueimpactsarestillunknown.Meanwhile,e-fuelsareveryexpensivetoproduce,partlyduetoenergylossduringproduction.Unfortunately,onlyabouthalfoftheenergyusedinproducinge-fuelsisactuallytransformedintofuel.Additionally,onlyabout16%oftheenergyusedine-fuelproductionisactuallyusedtopowerthecar.Whereas,about70%ofenergyispreservedwhenpoweringanEV.Eventhoughtheuseofe-fuelswillpreserveexistingfacility,itwillstilltaketimeandmoneytointegrateitintoeverydaylife.Currently,thepriceofe-fuelsisnearlydoublethecostofregularfuel.E-fuelsarestillaworkinprogress.Thoughopinionsaredividedone-fuels,withmoretestinganddevelopment,theyhavebeenconsideredanotherwaytohelpfightagainsttheclimatecrisis.“Therearecurrentlymorethan1.3billionvehicleswithcombustion(內(nèi)燃)enginesworldwide.Manyofthesewillbeontheroadsfordecadestocome,ande-fuelsoffertheownersofexistingcarsanearlycarbon-neutralalternative.Withthee-fuelspilotplant,Porscheisplayingaleadingroleinthisdevelopment,”saidMichaelSteiner,memberoftheExecutiveBoardforDevelopmentandResearchatPorscheAG.28.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A.E-fuelsreleasenoCO?.B.E-fuelsweretestedinGermanyatfirst.C.E-fuelsareapplicabletogas-poweredcars.D.E-fuelsneedtobemixedwithCO?inactualuse.29.TheauthorquotesMichaelSteinermainlyto______.A.drawaconclusion. B.presentanopinionC.furtheradiscussion D.provideasolution30.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardse-fuels?A.Positive. B.Dismissive. C.Doubtful. D.Objective.（九）（2024屆.北京石景山區(qū).統(tǒng)考一模）OnFeb.21,fourstudentswerestandingonthesideofPacificCoastHighwayinMalibuwhenadrivergoing110milesperhourlostcontrolofhiscaranditcrashedintotheparkedvehicles.12peoplewerekilledatthescene,including2drivers.Thiskindoftrafficdeathshouldn’tbecalledanaccident.InLosAngeles,weseemtohaveacceptedconstantcarnage(屠殺)inourstreetsinexchangeformaximizingdriverspeedandconvenience.Theofficialresponsestoproventrafficdangersaremeregestures,ifeventhat.LosAngelesisauniquelydeadlycitywithadeathratethatisfourtimesthenationalaverage.Unsurprisingly,it’salsoacitythathasbeendesignedwithonethinginmind:aconceptcalledlevelofservice,whichgradesstreetsonhowwelltheyservethoseinautomobiles.TomanyAngelenos,thatmakessense—todesignourstreetsforcartraffic,whichisthewaymanygetaroundthecity.Unfortu