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［大學(xué)英語(yǔ)考試復(fù)習(xí)資料］專升本英語(yǔ)分類模擬105

專升本英語(yǔ)分類模擬105

ReadingComprehension

TheancientChinesecalledjadethestoneofimmortality.It

hasbeenusedasadornmentbywomenforthousandsofyears.

Cuttingandpolishingtherawstoneisatediousprocess.It

oftentakesmonths.Afterinitialcutting,apieceisgroundto

itsdesiredform——beingpassedfromroughtosmooth

grindstones."Ourjobistosubtract;wecannotadd,"smilesan

experiencedcarver.

Injudgingjade,alittleknowledgeisoftenadangerous

thing.Itistheeasiestgemtoimitate.Someofthecheap

naturaljadecanbedyedtoabeautifulgreen.Cruder

imitationsaremadeofglassorplastic;buttheseareeasierto

detect,sincetheyaresmootherthantherealgem,whichhasa

slightlyunevensurfaceandarathergreasylook.

Notwogemsarealike.Jadeispricedaccordingtoits

colourandtranslucence（半透明的）.Pricesrangefromafew

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dollarsforanopaque（不透明的），dull-greenstoneto

thousandsforonewithatrue,clear,emeraldgreen.The

guidelinesforbuyingjadearefewandsimple:Buyjadeonly

afterhavingseenitundernaturallightUseanotherpieceof

goodqualityforcomparison.Bewareonunusuallylowprices.

Finally,gotoonlyreputablejewelers.

1.Itoftentakestocutandpolishjade.

A.ashorttime

B.afewweeks

C.years

D.months

答案:D

2.Beforebeingpassedthroughgrindstones,rawjadeisfirst

A.carved

B.subtracted

C.cut

D.polished

答案:B

3.Peoplefinditeasytomake.

A.goodjade

B.imitationjade

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C.beautifuljade

0.genuinejade

答案:B

4.Apieceof"jade"madeofglassorplasticis.

A.uneven

B.greasy

C.rough

D.smooth

答案:D

Theuseofthemotorcarisbecomingmoreandmore

widespreadinthetwentiethcentury;asanincreasingnumber

ofcountriesdevelopbothtechnicallyandeconomically,soa

largerproportionoftheworld'spopulationisabletobuyand

useacar.Possessingacargivesamuchgreaterdegreeof

mobility,enablingthedrivertomovearoundfreely.Theowner

ofacarisnolongerforcedtorelyonpublictransportandis,

therefore,notcompelledtoworklocally.Hecanchoosefrom

differentjobsandprobablychangeshisworkmorefrequently

asheisnotrestrictedtoachoicewithinasmallradius.

Travelingtoworkbycarisalsomorecomfortablethanhaving

tousepublictransportationthedrivercanadjusttheheating

inwinterandtheairconditioninginsummertosuithisown

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needsandpreference.Thereisnoirritationcausedbywaiting

fortrains,busesorundergroundtrains,standinginlong

patientqueues,orsittingonwindyplatforms,foraslongas

halfanhoursometimes.Withthebuildingofgood,fast

motorwayslongdistancescanbecoveredrapidlyand

pleasantly.Forthefirsttimeinthiscenturyalso,manypeople

arenowabletoenjoytheirleisuretimetothefullbymaking

tripstothecountryorseasideattheweekends,insteadof

beingconfinedtotheirimmediateneighborhood.Thisfeeling

ofindependence,andthefreedomtogowhereyouplease,is

perhapsthegreatestadvantageofthecar.

Whenconsideringthedrawbacks,perhapspollutionisof

primeimportance.Asmoreandmorecarsareproducedand

used,sotheemissionfromtheirexhaustpipescontainsan

ever-largervolumeofpoisonousgas.Someofthecontentsof

thisgas,suchaslead,notonlypollutetheatmospherebut

causeactualharmtothehealthofpeople.Itisalsobecoming

increasinglydifficulttodealwiththeproblemoftrafficin

towns;mostoftheimportantcitiesoftheworldsufferfrom

trafficcongestion.Infact,anyadvantagegainedincomfortis

oftencancelledoutincitydrivingbythefrustrationcausedby

trafficjams.Themountingcostofpetrolandtheincreased

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licensefeesandroadtaxalladdtothedriver'sworries.Infact,

hemustsometimeswonderifthemotorcarissuchablessing

andnotjustamenace.

5.Moreandmorepeoplecanaffordtobuyandusecars

because.

A.anincreasingnumberofcarsarebeingproduced

B.thecostofcarsisgettingcheaperwiththedevelopmentof

thetechnology

C.lotsofcountrieshavebecomemoredeveloped

D.theuseofcarshasprovedtobemoreeconomical

答案:C

6.Theauthorbelievesthatthemotoris.

A.ratheramenacethanablessing

B.ratherablessingthanamenace

C.ablessingaswellasamenace

D.ablessing

答案:C

7.Theadvantagesofhavingacararebestexperiencedinthe

driver's.

A.freedominchoosinghisjob

B.comfortduringthetravels

C.enjoymentofhisleisuretime

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D.feelingofself-reliance

答案:C

8.Whatisconsideredbythewriterasthegreatestmenaceto

thepeoplecausedbythewidespreaduseofmotorcars?

A.Airpollution.

B.Trafficjams.

C.Fataldiseases.

D.Highcost.

ThefavoritefoodintheUnitedStatesishamburger.The

favoriteplacetobuyahamburgerisafastfoodrestaurant.At

fastfoodrestaurants,peopleordertheirfood,waitafew

minutes,andcarryittotheirtablesthemselves.Peoplealso

taketheirfoodoutoftherestaurantandeatitintheircarsor

intheirhomes.Atsomefastfoodrestaurants,peoplecan

ordertheirfood,payforitandpickitupwithoutleavingtheir

cars.

Therearemanykindsoffastfoodrestaurantsinthe

UnitedStates.Thegreatestinnumbersellhamburgers,French

friesandsoon,whicharepopularfoodamongAmericans.

Besides,fastfood,Italianfood,chicken,seafoodandice-cream

arealsoverycommon.Theideaofafastfoodrestaurantisso

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popularthatnearlyeverykindoffoodcanbefoundinone.

Fastfoodrestaurantsarepopularbecausetheyreflect

Americanlifestyle.Customerscanwearanytypeofdress

whentheygotoafastfoodplace.Second,theyarefast.

Peoplewhoarebusydonotwanttospendtimepreparing

theirownfoodorwaitingwhilesomeonepreparesit.Infast

foodrestaurantsthefoodisusuallyreadybeforethecustomer

evenordersit.Finally,mostfoodinafastfoodrestaurantis

notexpensive.Thereforepeopleareabletobuyandeatatfast

foodrestaurantoften,whiletheymaynotbeabletogotoa

moreexpensiverestaurantveryoften.

9.HamburgersandFrenchfriescanbegotatthefast

foodrestaurants.

A.someof

B.mostof

C.apartof

D.allof

答案:B

10.Whatdopeopledowhentheycometoafastfood

restaurant?

A.Theyorderandeattheirfoodattherestaurant.

B.Theybuyandtaketheirfoodoutandeatitintheircarsorin

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theirhomes.

C.Theyorder;payforandgettheirfoodintheircars.

D.Theydoanyoneofthethreethingsmentionedabove.

答案:D

11.WhydoAmericansliketogotofastfoodrestaurants?

A.Itisbecausefastfoodrestaurantsarefast,informal,and

inexpensive.

B.Itisbecausepeoplecaneasilyfindfastfoodrestaurants.

C.Itisbecausepeopleliketoeathamburgers.

D.Itisbecausefastfoodrestaurantssellnearlyevewkindof

food.

Dopeopleeverywhereagreeonwhatamountainis?The

factisthatdefinitionsvary.Everyoneadmits,forexample,that

Everestis,amountain,thehighestofthemall,withanaltitude

ofalmost30000feet.ButwhataboutSnowdon,theloftiest

peakinWales?Itrisesamere3000feet,yetitisalsocalleda

mountain.Comparison,alittlematterofrelativity,isthekey.To

theaveragepersonlivingonNorthAmerica'sGreatPlains,

Vermont'sGreenMountainslookloftyindeed,buttoanyone

fromtheRockyMountains,theGreatMountainsseemnothing

morethanhills.

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Geographersgenerallyagreethat,tobeamountain

topographically（在地形學(xué)方面），alandmassmustreach,an

altitudeof3000feetabovethelevelofthesea.MountEverest,

forinstance,is30000feetabovesealevel,butonly15000feet

abovetheneighboringTibetanplateau.Geologistsrestrictthe

definitionevenmore,maintainingthatamountainisa

mountainbyvirtueofitsgeologicalstructure.Somerugged

highlandsarenotreallymountains,whilesomeflat,low-lying

rocksurfacesaretruemountains.Theyarelownowbecauseof

centuriesoferosion.Thereareevenmountainsunderthesea,

theMid-AtlanticRidge,forexample.Likealltruemountains,

theywereoriginallyformedbylarge-scalemovementsofthe

earth'scrust.

12.Howhighamountainlookstotheaverageperson

dependsonwhathe.

A.comparesitwith

B.readsaboutgeology

C.knowsabouttheclimate

D.thinksoftopography

13.Everestisthehighestmountainin.

A.theworld

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B.NorthAmerica

C.Tibet

D.bothAandB

答案:A

14.Geographersmeasuremountainsbycomparingthem

with.

A.thesurroundingland

B.theheighttowhichcloudsrise

C.thelevelofthesea

D.othermountains

答案:C

15.Geologistsarenotprimarilyconcernedwithamountain's

A.history

B.height

C.structure

0.formation

答案:B

Actingissuchanover-crowdedprofessionthattheonly

advicethatshouldbegiventoayoungpersonthinkingof

goingonthestageis"Don't!".Butitisuselesstotryto

discouragesomeonewhofeelsthathemustact,althoughthe

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chancesofhisbecomingfamousareslim.Thenormalwayto

beginistogotoadramaschool.Usuallyonlystudentswho

showpromiseandtalentareaccepted,andthecourselasts

twoyears.Thentheyoungactororactresstakesupworkwith

atheatricalcompany,usuallyasanassistantstagemanager.

Thismeansdoingeverythingthatthereistodointhetheatre:

paintingscenery,publicity（宣傳），takingcareofthecostumes,

andevenactinginverysmallparts.Itisveryhardworkindeed,

andthehoursarelongandthesalaryistiny.

Ofcourse,somepeoplehaveremarkablechanceswhich

leadtofameandsuccesswithoutthislongandhardtraining.

ConniePratt,forexample,wasjustanordinarygirlworkingin

abicyclefactory.Afilmproducerhappenedtocatchsightof

heronemorningwaitingatabusstop,ashedrovepastinhis

car.Hestoppedandgotouttospeaktothegirl.Heaskedif

shewouldliketogotothefilmstudiotodoatest,andshe

thoughthewasjoking.Thenshegotangryandsaidshewould

callthepolice.Ittooktheproducertwentyminutesto

convinceConniethathewasserious.Thetestwassuccessful.

Andwithinafewweeksshewasplayingtheleadingpart

oppositeoneofthemostfamousactorsoftheday.But

chanceslikethishappenonceinabluemoon!

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16.Fromtheverybeginning,theauthorputsitclearlythat

actingisaprofession.

A.soughtafterbytoomanypeople

B.toodifficultforyoungpeople

C.forambitiouspeopleonly

D.foryoungpeopleonly

17.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedaspartofan

assistantstagemanager'sjob?

A.Playingminorroles.

B.Takingcareofthedresstobewornonthestagebyanactor

oractress.

C.Helpingadvertiseplays.

0.Collectingtickets.

答案:D

18.ThefilmproducerfoundConniePrattonemorningwhen

shewas.

A.workinginabicyclefactory

B.drivingpasthiminhercar

C.goingtoafilmstudio

0.waitingforabus

答案:D

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19.Afewweeksafterthetest,ConniePrattfoundherself

A.themostfamousactressoftheworld

B.playingtheleadingfemaleroleinaplay

C.asfamousasthegreatestactoroftheworld

D.nolessfamousthantheleadingactoroftheday

答案:B

Oneofthemostfascinatingthingsabouttelevisionisthe

sizeoftheaudience.Anovelcanbeonthe"bestsellers"list

withasaleoffewerthan100,000copiesbutpopularTVshow

mighthave70millionviewers.TVcanmakeanythingor

anyonewell-knownovernight.

Thisistheprinciple（法貝?behind"quiz"or"game"shows,

whichputordinarypeopleonTVtoplayagameforprizesand

money.Aquizshowcanmakeanyoneastar;anditcangive

awaythousandsofdollarsjustforfun.Butallofthismoney

cancreateproblems.Forinstance,inthe1950s,quizshows

wereverypopularintheU.S.andalmosteveryonewatched

them.CharlesVanDoren,anEnglishinstructor,becamerich

andfamousafterwinningmoneyonseveralshows.Heeven

hadacareerasatelevisionpersonality.Butoneofthelosers

provedthatVanDorenwascheating.Itturnedoutthatthe

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show'sproducerswhowerepullingthestrings,gavethe

answerstothemostpopularcontestantsbeforehand.Why?

Becauseiftheaudiencedidn'tlikethepersonwhowonthe

game,theyturnedtheshowoff.Theresultofthischeatingwas

ahugescandal（丑聞）.Basedonthisstory,amovieunderthe

title"Quizshow"ison40yearslater.

VanDorenisnolongerinvolvedwithTVButgameshows

arestillhere,thoughtheyaren'ttakenasseriously.Infact,

someofthemtrytobeasridiculousaspossible.Thereare

showsthatsendstrangersonvacationtripstogether,thattry

tocausenewly-marriedcouplestofightonT\<orthatpunish

posersbyhumiliating（羞辱）them.Theentertainmentnowis

toseewhatpeoplewilldojusttobeonTV.Peoplestillwin

money,buttherealprizeistobeinfrontofanaudienceof

millions.

20.Thesaleofnovelistalkedaboutincomparisonwith

A.thesizeofTVs

B.thenumberofTVviewers

C.thesaleof"bestsellers"

D.thenumberofTVaudiences

答案:B

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21.InCharlesquizscandal,who,accordingtothepassage,is

tobeblamedmost?

A.Oneofthelosers.

B.Theshowsproducers.

C.CharlesVanDorenhimself.

D.Hisaudience.

答案:B

Timespentinabookshopcanbemostenjoyable,whether

youareabook-loverormerelytheretobuyabookasa

present.Youmayevenhaveenteredtheshopjusttofind

shelterfromasuddenshower.Whateverthereason,youcan

soonbecometotallyunawareofyoursurroundings.Yousoon

buryyourselfinsomebookorother,andusuallyitisonly

muchlaterthatyourealizeyouhavespenttoomuchtime

thereandmustdashofftokeepsomeforgottenappointment.

Thisopportunitytoescapetherealitiesofeverydaylifeis

themainattractionofabookshop.Amusicshopisverymuch

likeabookshop.Youcanwanderroundsuchplacestoyour

heart'scontent.Ifitisagoodshop,noassistantwillapproach

youwiththegreeting,"CanIhelpyou?"Youneedn'tbuy

anythingyoudon'twant.Inabookshopanassistantshould

remaininthebackgrounduntilyouhavefinishedbrowsing（瀏

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覽）.Then,andonlythen,arehisservicesnecessary.

Once,amedicalstudenthadtoreadatextbookwhichwas

fartooexpensiveforhimtobuy.Hecouldn'tobtainitfromthe

libraryandtheonlycopyhecouldfindwasinacertain

bookshop.Everyafternoon,therefore,hewouldgoalongto

theshopandreadalittleofthebookatatime.Oneday,

however;hewasdisappointedtofindthebookmissingfrom

itsusualplace.Hewasabouttoleave,whenhenoticedthe

owneroftheshopbeckoning（招呼）tohim.Expectingtobe

toldoffhewenttowardshim.Tohissurprise,theowner

pointedtothebook,whichwasputawayinacorner."Iputit

thereineaseanyonewastemptedtobuyit!"hesaid,andleft

thedelightedstudenttocontinuehisreading.

22.Inagoodbookshop.

A.nobodytakesanynoticeofyou

B.theassistantgreetsyouinafriendlyway

C.youcanalwaysobtainthebooksyouneed

D.youfeelthatyouareinamusicshop

23.Themedicalstudentwenttothebookshopeveryday

A.toseeifthebookhewantedwasinitsusualplace

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B.toreadthebookwithoutbuyingit

C.totalkwiththeshopowner

D.totrytogetthetextbook

答案:B

24.Thetextbookthemedicalstudentwasinterestedinwas

putawayinacorner.

A.topreventanyonefrombuyingit

B.becausethemedicalstudentmighttakeitaway

C.incasethemedicalstudentwastemptedtobuyit

0.becausethemedicalstudentwastemptedtobuyit

Television—thatmostattractivemoderntechnology,

markedbyrapidchangeandgrowth—ismovingintoanew

erawhichpromisestoreshapeourbyesandourworld.Itisan

electronicrevolutionofsorts,madepossiblebythemarriage

oftelevisionandcomputertechnologies.

Theword"television"canliterallybeinterpretedassight

fromadistance.Verysimplyput,itworksinthisway:through

acompletesystemofelectronics,televisionprovidesthe

capabilityofconvertinganimageintoelectronicimpulses,

whichcanbesentthroughawireorcable.Theseimpulses,

whenfedintoareceiver(televisionset),canthenbe

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electronicallyreconstructedintothatsameimage.

Televisionismorethanjustanelectronicssystem,however.

Itisameansofexpression,aswellasavehiclefor

communication,andassuchbecomesapowerfultoolfor

reachingotherhumanbeings.

Thefieldoftelevisioncanbedividedintotwotypes.First,

thereisbroadcasttelevision,whichreachesthemasses

throughbroad-basedairwavetransmissionoftelevision

signals.Second,thereisnon-broadcasttelevision,which

providesfortheneedsofindividualsorspecificinterest

groupsthroughcontrolledtransmissiontechniques.

Traditionally,televisionhasbeenamediumofthemasses.

Ithasbeenwithusforaboutthirty-sevenyearsinaform

similartowhatexiststoday.Duringthoseyears,ithasbeen

controlledmostlybythebroadcastnetworks,ABC,NBCand

CBS,whohavebeenthemajorsuppliersofnews,information,

andentertainmentThesegiantsofbroadcastinghaveactually

notonlyshapedtelevisionasasourceofentertainment,but

placedourroleinthisactivemediumasthepassiveviewer.

25.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthepassage

asafunctionofelectronicsintelevisiontransmission?

A.Thesendingofimpulsesthroughawire.

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B.ThetransmissionofvoicefromoneTVsettoanother.

C.Theconversionofanimageintoelectronicimpulses.

D.Thefeedingofimpulsesintothereceiver.

答案:B

26.Whatkindoftelevisionisintendedforsmallnumbersof

people?

A.Broad-basedTV.

B.ReconstructedTV.

C.TraditionalTV.

D.Non-broadcastTV.

答案:D

27.WhichofthefollowingstatementscanbestdescribeTV

viewersaccordingtothepassage?

A.Theypreferincreasednewscoverage.

B.Theydonottakeanactiveroleinwatchingtelevision.

C.Theyliketousetelevisiontoreachotherhumanbeings.

D.Theyhavemoreorlessgrowntiredoftelevision.

答案:B

Onarainyday,youwillseemanystreamsofmuddy（多泥的）

waterrunningdowntheslopes（斜坡）ofahill.Thewateris

muddybecauseitwashesawaysoilfromthehillslopes.

Sometimessoilisblownawaybystrongwinds.Whenthe

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soiliscarriedawaybywaterorwind,wesaythatthelandis

eroded（侵蝕）.Thisisknownassoilerosion.

Plantscannotgrowonerodedland.Thereisnotenough

soilonerodedlandtogivethemthethingstheyneed.Plants

needwaterandsaltsfromthesoil.

Wecandoanumberofthingstostopsoilerosion.Thisis

calledsoilconservation（保護(hù)）.

Onewayofsoilconservationonflat,opengroundisto

growsmallplantssuchasgrasses.Theirrootsholdthesoil

tightlytogether.

Anotherwayistoplanttreesaroundanopenfield.Thus

soilerosionbystrongwindscannottakeplace.Rowsoftrees

actasaverybigwall.

Soilerosiononslopescanbestoppedbycutting"steps"

calledterraces（梯田）.Watercarryingsoilcannotrunstraight

downtheslopenow.Ithastorundowntheterraces.This

slowsdowntheflow（流速）ofthewater.Mostofthesoilinthe

waterisleftbehindontheterraces.

Therearesomeotherwaysforsoilconservation.

28.Onarainydaythewaterrunningdowntheslopesofahill

ismuddybecause.

A.therearenoterracesontheslopes

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B.therearenosmallplantsontheslopes

C.itwashesawaysoilfromtheslopes

D.thereistoomuchsoilontheslopes

答案:C

29.Plantscannotgrowonerodedlandbecause.

A.thereisalotofsandinit

B.thereisnotenoughwaterandsaltsinit

C.thereisnowaterinit

D.thelandistoohard

答案:B

30.Thewayofsoilconservationonflat,opengroundis

A.togrowsmallplantssuchasgrasses

B.toplanttreesaroundanopenfield

C.toaddfertilizertothesoil

D.AandB

答案:D

31.Cutting"steps"calledterracesonslopes

A.canslowdowntheflowofthewater

B.helpsplantsgrowbetter

C.preventsthesoilbeingcarriedawaybywinds

D.makestheplants'rootsholdthesoiltogether

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Bacteria(細(xì)菌)areextremelysmalllivingthings.Whilewe

measureourownsizesininchesorcentimeters,bacterialsize

ismeasuredinmicrons.Onemicronisathousandthofa

millimeter:apinheadisaboutamillimeteracross.Rod-shaped

bacteriaareusuallyfromtwotofourmicronslong,while

roundedonesaregenerallyonemicronindiameter.Thus,if

youenlargedaroundedbac