淺析《婦女參政論者》中的女權(quán)主義

ChapterOneIntroductionInthehistoryofhumansociety,theconceptofhumanrightshasahistoryofmorethan200years,butitdoesnotincludewomenrightsinaquitelonghistoricaltime.Humanrightsmeanonlymen’srights.In1791,thefemaleleaderoftheFrenchRevolution,publishedtheDeclarationofWomenRightsandFemaleCitizenship,whichbeganthefeministmovement.The“Declaration”statesthatwomenarebornfreeandhaveequalrightswithmen.Twoyearslater,theauthorofthemanifestowasguillotinedbyherformermalecolleagues.Subsequently,feminismgraduallytransformedintoanorganizedsocialmovementinthe19thcentury.TheorganizingmovementbeganatthefirstwomenrightsconventioninSenecaFallsin1848.Thereisagrowingperceptionthatwomenweretreatedunfairlyinamale-centeredsociety.ThefeministmovementwasrootedinWesternprogressive,especiallyinthe19thcenturyreforms.Becausethedevelopmentoflarge-scalecapitalistindustries,suchasBritainandFranceprovidedeconomicconditionsfortheemergenceofthewomen’smovement.Theearlyfeminismandtheoriginalfeministmovementareoftencalledthe“firstwaveoffeminism”,Thefirstfeministmovementbeganinthesecondhalfofthe19thcenturyandcontinueduntilthebeginningofthe20thcentury.TheclimaxwasmainlyconcentratedinBritainandtheUnitedStates,whichwasinseparablefromtheawakeningofpeople’sideasandthepursuitoffreedomandequality,andhadagreatinfluenceonthelaterfeministmovement.Feminismafter1960,knownasthe“secondwaveoffeminism”,continuedintothe1980s,concentratedintheUnitedStates,BritainandFrance,andthenspreadtotheentirecapitalistcountry.Thestruggleofthesecondfeministmovementwasmorecomprehensiveandmoreradical,involvingpolitical,economic,culturalandotherfields,andadvocatedaradicalreformofthesocialsystemtorealizewomenliberation.Thethirdfeministmovementemergedinthe1990sandcontinuestothisday.Atthebeginningofthe20thcentury,somewomenwokeupinthedarkness,seekingthedawnofmoderncivilization.Atthistime,theyheldhightheflagofpurple,whiteandgreen,purpleindicatesdignity,whiteindicatespurity,andgreensymbolizeshope,whichisalsothesymboliccolorofthewomenequalitymovement.Atthattime,inthetraditionalthoughtsofallcountries,womenexistedassubordinatesinlifeofmen,andtheformulationoflawswasonlytosafeguardmen’srightsandinterests.ChapterTwoFeminismFeminismoriginatedfromthemovementinitiatedbywomeninwesterncountriestoimprovewomen’ssocialstatus.Itrepresentsaspecialstruggleandhopeforanothersocialmodel:asocietythatisnotbasedontheexploitationofhumanlabor,genderoppressionandracialoppression.2.1TheConceptofFeminismFeminismisthecombinationoftheoryandpractice,whichisabeliefandideologyofequalitybetweenmenandwomen.Itaimstoopposeallinequalityincludinggenderdiscrimination.Itreferstoasocialtheoryandpoliticalmovementfoundedandinitiatedtoendsexism,sexualexploitation,sexualdiscriminationandsexualoppression,andpromotetheequalityofgenderclass.Feminismemphasizesgenderequalityandwomenrights.Theriseoffeminismistoeliminatetheunequaltreatmentofwomeninthepolitical,economic,socialandlegalfields,enablingwomentoparticipateinsocietyonanequalbasiswithmen.Feminismfocusesonpromotingchangesinlegislationandpolicytoprotectwomenrights,suchaspromotingequalpayforequalwork,protectingwomenhealthandpower,andcombatingdomesticviolenceandgenderdiscrimination.2.2TheStatusofFeminismIthasbeenexistedindifferenttimeswhenitcomestofemaleoppressionandexploitation.Sincethe19thcentury,withtherapiddevelopmentofeconomyandtechnology,thesocialdivisionoflaborhasbeencontinuouslyrefined,andmanyoccupationshavebeguntoopenthedoortowomen,andthestatusofwomenhasalsobeenpromoted.Butwomenasanimportantsocialgroup,hasbeeninapassiveanddependentstatus,nolegalprotection,noindependentincome,nofreesocialactivities,womenhavebeenregardedasmaleaccessories,sotherearestillallkindsofsocialconsciouslyunconsciouslydiscriminationagainstwomen,feministmovementofpoliticalactionchallengessuchasmarriage,propertyrights,reproductiverights,abortionrights,educationright,genderdiscriminationandsexualviolenceandthesephenomenadirectlyillustratesthesocialinequalitybetweenwomenandmalestatus.However,theoutbreakofthetwoworldwarsbecameabreakthroughpointforwomenprogress,andthewarbrokethedeadlockthathinderedwomenprogressandbecameanimportantopportunityforwomenprogress.DuringWorldWarI,womensenseofindependenceandprogresswasenhanced,andwomenhadanewunderstandingoftheirowndestiny.AfterWorldWarII,womensenseofidentitywiththeirownvaluesincreased,theirsenseofrightswasfurtherenhanced,andtheirpoliticalparticipationcontinuedtoexpand.2.3TheRiseofFeminismInmoderntimes,withthebiologicalcharacteristicsofhumanbeingsgraduallyhiddenbehindthescenesandsocietygraduallyoccupyingthedominantpositioninsociallife,womenareplayinganincreasinglyimportantroleinallfieldsofsociety.Feminismhasbecomeoneofthemostimportantproblemsinthestudyofgenderissuesinmodernsociety.Ingeneral,womenaredemandingmorefullrightsanddemandingequalitybetweenmenandwomenintheirsocialidentity.Inaddition,theemergenceofvariousbranchesoffeminismalsoprovidesamorediversifiedperspectiveforthestudyofwomenissues.Theliberation,freedomanddevelopmentofwomenarethetrilogyofthedevelopmentoffeminism,whichisattributedtothedevelopmentofwomenandthecreationoffemaleculture,soastocontributetothebroaddevelopmentprospectsofthewholemankindoutofthecrisissituation.Chinesefeminismmustriserapidly,andChinesewomenneedtoparticipateinthediscoursepracticeoffeministdoctrine,growintothesubjectofdiscourse,gettheopportunityofdialogue,andwinthepresenceandkeynotepositioninthefreeliberationcontextoffeminism.Ingeneral,inthebeginninganddevelopmentofChinesefeminism,womenrighttosurviveandstriveforsocialequalityandjustice;enhancethelevelof“people-oriented”humanitarianandsocialcivilization;recognizeandexposemanycrisesandseriousproblemsfacingwomeninreality.ChapterThreeAnalysisofFeminisminSuffragetteLivinginthisera,weoftenforgetthatpowerandequalityarenotreadilyavailable,butwithbloodandsacrifice,andthatthefightforwomen’selectoralpowerissuchaconstantrevolution.3.1TheCurrentStatusofWomeninSuffragetteSuffragettetellsthestoryoftheUKin1912,womenworkersinlaundryfactorysilentlyenduredunfairtreatmentsuchaswageexploitation,domesticabuseviolenceandsexualabuse,andnoonedaredtofightforequality.However,Maud,24,wasaccidentallyinvolvedinafightandbecameasuffragist.3.1.1TheUnequalTreatmentofWomeninLaundryFactoriesInthelaundryfactorywheretheheroineMaudworks.mennotonlydolessworkthanwomen,worklessandarelessharmful,buttheyearnmuchmorethanwomen.Notonlythat,womeninlaundryfactoriesalsofacesexualharassmentfromtheirmalebosses,attheriskoflosingtheirjobs,andtheydarenotspeakup.Theheroineworkedpart-timeinalaundryfactoryat7,startedfull-timeat12,now24,herhusbandisalsoaworkerinthelaundryfactory,theyhavealovelysonGeorge.Womenwhohavebeenworkinginlaundryfactoriessincechildhoodcannotreallyworkandmakemoneyforalongtime,becausetheywillhaveallkindsofpain,chestpain,cough,fingerpressure,lowerlimbulcers,burnsandotherdiseases.Theworkshopisfullofcomforthotclothessteamanddyeingcylinder,accidentallywillbreakthefingers,hottoblood,evenifverycarefulandskilled,thisworkcannotworkforafewyears,becausethepungentsteamwillletthemchestpain,continuouscough,whenunabletowork,willbefiredhome.Thewomenarepaid13shillingsaweekandworkatleastsixhoursmorethanthemen,whoworkshorterhoursandcanoftenbreathefreshair,getting19shillingsaweek.Hermotherworkedinthelaundryfactoryattheageoffourteen,andallthefactoriesrequiredtheworkerstoreturntoworkaftertheendoftheirchildren.Maudwasalmostborninthislaundryfactory.Aftershewasborn,hermotherworkedinafactoryinbadconditions.Whenshewasfouryearsold,hermotheroverturnedthedyetankandwasburnedtodeath.Afterhermother’sdeath,shebeganworkingprofessionallyatthefactoryattheageofseven.Maud12asfull-timewomenofthefactory,onedayshehitthefactoryworkersjust12yearsolddaughter,onlythenextday,wasthebossTaylorforciblyviolated,hersweatsuchasbeans.Thoughtofmanyyearsago,thenthebossTaylorbegantoviolateher,stressher,evenifinthepastyears,butwhenTaylornearher,herbackwouldstiffenandtremble.3.1.2HindranceofFemaleResistance-TakingMaudasanExampleInthebeginningofthe20thcentury,Britishwomenweregenerallymade“goodwivesandgoodmothers”bymen.Whetherroyalprincessesorcivilianwomen,theyalwayshadtobeattachedtomentosurvive.Societyalsogiveswomenfewerandfewerjobopportunities.Theyhavenofinancialresources,noequalpoliticalrights,andnovoice.Womenatthebottomhaveevenlessaccesstoeducation,theycandoonlytogetmarriedandhavechildren.Womenmainactivitiesarelimitedtobeseenasmarginalandsecondaryfamilyscope,whetherwomenwork,toassumetheburdenofhousework,andevenwithinthefamily,womenarestillinanoppressedposition,ineconomicandsexualaresubjecttoman,someevenendureherhusband’sviolence.Inthefilmsuffragist,theheroine’sresistanceisboundbythedutiesofmotherandwife.Inthefirsthalfofthefilm,awarmsunsetyellowisoftenusedtocreatethewarmatmosphereofMaudrelationshipwithherchildrenandhusband.HusbandSonnytakesgoodcareofherandthefamilyishappy.Then,asMaudbecamemoreenthusiasticaboutwomenmovements,shewaslockedoutagainandagain.Despitehisgrowinginvolvementinthesuffragistmovement,Maudstillcaresabouthisson,oftensecretlymeetingherchildrenoverherhusband.Atthebeginning,itwaspreciselybecausehecouldnotputdownhissonGeorgethathehesitatedanddidnotfullyparticipateinthestruggleofwomen.Sheoftencamehomeafteralongday,playwithhersonforawhile,thefamilytoeattogether,letherfeelverysatisfied.Shegaveallthewagestoherhusband,andallthewomenatthetimedidso,listeningtoherhusband,obeyinghim,andtakingcareofhim.Sheevenplannedtotakehersontothebeachinthesummer.Thehusbanddidnotagree,butsuggestedtotakehissontoamovieonweekends.Bychance,shemetsomesuffragists,perhapsoutofcuriosity,perhapsoutofinstincttogetridofasufferinglife,sheparticipatedinanactivity,butwasputinprison.Insteadofstayingawayfromthewomenpoliticalorganization,Maudbecamemoreinvolved.However,duringamarch,policebeatthewomenandarrestedseveralpeople,includingMaud.Returninghomefromprison,Maudfeltthattheatmospherewaswrong,andherhusbandtoldherthattheneighborswerepointingattheirfamily.MaudthenwenttoaspeechofEmmelinePankhurst,oneoftheleadersofthewomenmovement.Aftergoingtothelecture,Maudwasarrestedbythepolice,whothrewMaudatthedoorandwasexpelledbyherhusband.Fromthenon,Maudisdifficulttoseeherson,shecanonlyshebravedtherain,inthewindowcrazywaiting,waitingforherlittleGeorgefoundher,motherandsoncanonlyswingthroughthewindow,greeting,shewaswet,buttheeyesaresmiling,atleastcanseethechild,otherwiseshewillgocrazy.However,thehusbandgaveGeorgeawayforadoption,withouteveninformingherorobtainingherconsent.HerhusbandrepeatedrefusalmadeMaudrealizethatifthelawsaidIcouldn’tseemyson,Iwouldtrytochangethelaw.Consideringthatifherchildwasagirlabouttofacethesamelifeasher.Inordertoresistthispossibility,shejustdecidedtoparticipateinthefeministmovement.Intheend,Heinsistedonsendinghissontoothers,Maudfinallylostherconcern,wascompletelydisappointedwithherhusband,andfinallydevotedherselftothemovementofsuffragists.Forwomenatthattime,therewasnopropertyright,nodivorce,norighttoeducation,nochildcustody,eventhoughenduringdomesticviolence,theycouldnotdivorce,andsalaryinequality.Thekeytosolveallthisisthatwomenshouldhavetherighttovote.3.1.3SacrificeofWomenforWomenRights-TakingEmilyasanExampleInordertochangethelivingenvironmentandhavethesamepoliticalrightsasmen,thewomenwithaconsciousawakeningbeganalongandarduousaffirmativeactionmovement.Somewomenworkersparticipatedinpoliticalparticipationactivities,includingdoctorsandmembers.Theyhavetheoppressedandexploitedclasses,andtheyhavetherichandsecureladies.Buttheyallgotinvolvedwithouthesitation.Thevoiceforwomentoparticipateinpoliticsisgrowingandtheirinfluenceisincreasing.Toreducetheirinfluence,thegovernmentdemandedthatthemediabesilent.TheyareinsolidaritywithLadyPankhurst,whowastakentoprison,butalsofortheaspirationsofwomentoletmoreheard.Theydecidedtoshowthegroup’spurple,whiteandgreenflaginfrontofthekingandthemediaattheking’sracingday.Instead,theycouldnotgetclosetotheKinghimself,soEmilyDavidsontemporarilydecidedtorushintotheracingtrack.OnJune41,914,theBritishyethanracetrack,inthekingGeorgeVandcelebritiesgazeandunderthemedialens,thekinghorseisafter,EmilybacktoMaudsaid:“Neversurrender,nevergiveup”,thensheslippedoutofthecrowd,leaningthroughthefence,inshetookoutthereadypurpleandwhitegreencolorflags,gallopinghorsessteppedfromherbody...Theincidentcaughttheattentionoftheworld,withcountlesswomentakingtothestreetstoattendherfuneralandmorethan1,000womensittinginprison,butitwasthefearlessbehaviorandperseveranceofthesepioneersthatpromotedwomenfightforequalrights.3.2TheAwakeningofWomenFeministConsciousnessAmongSuffragistsAllkindsofinjusticesencounteredinlifemadewomenmoredeterminedintheirchoices.Womenjoinedthewomen’spoliticalallianceandbeganaseriesofresistanceactivities,leadingtoEmily’ssacrifice,andthewomen’smovementmadeinitialprogress.Butitwasanunfinishedbattleforwomen,takinggenerationstofollow.3.2.1TheEstablishmentofWomenPoliticalUnionandtheirRadicalMethodsofResistanceNomatterinthelastcenturyornow,womenhavebeenfightingfortheirlegitimaterightsandinterests,tryingtobreakthesocialinequality,andstrivefortheirduerights.Weshouldappealnotonlytotheawakeningoftheirownideology,butalsotobegintodemandforequalityofpoliticalrights,humanrights,therightstoeducation,therighttovoteinelections,andsoon,peoplearebornequalandfree.In1912,Britishwomenpoliticalandeconomicrightswereminimal.Inadditiontothelegalrightsofthewomenatthebottom,theirlivingconditionsarealsoextremelydifficult.Theleaderofthewomenpoliticalmovement,establisheda“womenandsocialandpoliticalalliance”aimedatexposinggenderdiscriminationandcallingforwomensuffrage,callingforsocialattentioninordertostriveforreasonableinterests.Becausetheirresistancehasnotbeenthegovernmentandsocialattentionandresponse.Thentheytookamoreradicalapproachtoresistance,andtheybeganblastingmailboxes,destroyingtelecommunicationssystems,bombingpoliticalresidences,beingarrested,torturedandonhungerstrike.3.2.2SufferingsofWomenandAwarenessoftheImportanceofWomenRightsWhentheheroineMaudheardthespeechof“womenequalrights”andsawtheexperienceofthewomenaroundher,shewastouchedandbegantoseriouslyexamineherownlife,andbegantocontactpeople,ideasandeventsoutsideherlife.Thecruelrealitymadeherrealizetheunfairnessofwomenstatus.Afterherhusbandcouldnotbecomeadependence,thegovernmentignoredwomen,andthelawenforcementagencieswerehypocriticalandcunning,shegraduallychangedfrompassiveparticipationinfightingforreasonablerightsandintereststoaconsciousandfirmfighter.WomengatheredatthegateoftheHouseofCommonstoprotesttheunjustruling,andalargenumberofpolicewavedtheunarmedwomenandhitthemuntiltheirheadsbrokeandtheythrewthemintoprison.Maudbecauseparticipateintheactivitiesofthepoliceblacklist,hewasfactory,caughtmembersofthehungerstrikeinprison,thepoliceinordernottoletthemdie,notbyallianceleaderMrs.Pankhurstseizethehandleofpublicopinion,tothehungerwomencruelnose,letthemaliveoutofprison,andthen,catchagain,sototorturethem.Asthemovementmovedforward,Modewasdrivenoutofthehousebyherhusband,intherain,shewasonlyawindowapartfromherson,butseemstobeaworldsofaraway.Whenherhusbandhadtogivehersontosupport,shefoundthatthelawdidnotrecognizeherownershipandthelawdidnotaskwomen,shefinallyadmittedthatshewasasuffragist.Thewomeninthemoviehaveaverysimpledesire:“sothateverygirlborninthefuturewillhavethesamerightsastheirbrothers”.Inreallife,theBritishParliamentpassedalawin1913.Itiscommonlyknownasthe“catandmouselaw”.Accordingtothelaw,ifthearrestedsuffragistshavehealthproblemsduetohungerstrikeorforcedfeeding,theycanbetemporarilyreleasedandrecuperate,buttheywillhavetoreturntoprisontofilltheirsentences.Arrestedandimprisonedagainandagain,wecanseethatthepowerofwomenisweak,inprison,theyusehungerstriketoconductsilentresistance.Inthefilm,theshockingsceneof“nasalfeeding”,whichdamagesthebodiesoftheprotestersandalsoshowsustheuglinessofthesedefenders.“Nevercompromise”,aseveryarrestedwomanshouts,sayingbeinggentle,considerateandvirtuousbecausetheyknowthattheonlylanguagemencanunderstandiswar.Thisisawarwithoutsmoke,anyordinarywomanmaybethecannonfodderinthiswar,butnooneflinched,becausetheyknowthatthesmokeanddustcleared,canletthesunwillshineintothelifeofeverygirl.Inherspeech,Mrs.Pankhurst,theleaderofthewomenmovement,said,“Iknowthesacrificesyouhavemadetocomehere”.Iknowthatmanyofyouarefarawayfromthelivesyouoncehad,butIfeelyourspirittonight.For50years,wehavepeacefullyfoughtforwomensuffrage,andweareridiculed,abusedandignored.“Nowwerealizethatactionandsacrificewillonedaysucceed”and“Neverunderestimatethepowerofourwomen,wehavetodefineourowndestiny.Wedon’twanttobe,wewanttobelegislators.Fighting,eachofyouhasyourownway,andifwehavetogotoprisontovote,letitbeawindowtothegovernment.Itshouldnotbeawomanbody.Iwouldratherbearebelthanaslave”.ItisbecauseofMrs.Pankhurst’sspeechthatinspiredtheawarenessofwomenfeministawakening,sothatmorewomenfirmlystanduptofightforwomenrighttovote,fortherightofequalitybetweenmenandwomen.3.2.3TheObjectIdentityofWomen-TakingMaudasanExampleInthesocietyofthattime,womenwereregardedasaccessoriestotheirhusbandsintheprivatesphere,andtheyneededtobeeradicatedinthepublicsphere.TakeMaud,theheroine,whonotonlyhadtoraiseherchildren,butalsopreparedthreemeals.Evenatthebottom,Maud’shusbandstillcouldnotcookatall.WhenMaudwasimprisonedforparticipatinginthefeministmovement,sheevenreliedonneighboringwomentocook,andthengavethechildrenawaybecauseshewasunabletoraisethechildren.Notonlythat,butthewifeisregardedasanaccessorytoherhusband.Maudwasseenasadisgracetoherhusbandafterparticipatinginwomenprotests,andcolleaguesandsuperiorsmockedhimfornotdisciplinewifewell.AsMaudbecamemoreenthusiasticaboutwomenstrugglemovements,shewaslockedoutagainandagain.Maud’shusband,Sonny,alsoused“youdon’tshamemelikethattoclaimhersovereignty”,pointingoutthathiswife’sbehaviorwillaffectherhusband'sfaceandbeunderherhusband’scontrol.Inthepublicdomain,allimportantpositionsareoccupiedbymen.WhenMaudappearedinCongress,theofficialspresentwereallmen,andonlythetypistswerewomen.Theworkofatypistiswithoutthinking,andthisnatureofworkreduceswomenasself-awarenessobjects.Inthewordsofmalegovernmentofficials,womenpsychologicalbalanceisfarlessthanthatofmen,andwomenstruggleisaprovocationtoauthority.Throughthediscussionofthesemaleofficials,self-awarewomenarediscussedasdissentandneedtobeeradicated,soastoensuretheabsolutedominanceofmenintheheterosexualpatriarchalsystem.3.3AttitudetowardsWomeninStrivingforWomenRightsWhensuffragistsinthelaundryfactorycalledforsupportforwomentohavetherighttovote,theywereridiculedanddespisedbymen,andwerealsosuppressedbythegovernmentwhenwomenparticipatedinresistance.3.3.1TheAttitudeoftheUpperClasstowardsWomenFightingforWomenRights-TakingtheGovernmentOfficialsasanExampleAtthebeginningofthefilm,thereisasaying:“Womendonothavethecalmnessoftemperamentorthebalanceofmindtoexercisejudgementinpoliticalaffairs.Ifweallowwomentovote,itwillmeansthelossofsocialstructure.Womenarewellrepresentedbytheirfathers,brothers,husbands.Oncethevotewasgiven,itwouldbeimpossibletostopatthis.Womenwouldthendemandtherightsofbecomingmemberofcongress,cabinetministers,judges”.Intheupperclass,representedbygovernmentofficials,theyalsoconstantlymonitortheeverymoveofthewomenPoliticalUnion.Forexample,afterthetranscriptofthewomenhearings,thePrimeMinisterreviewedallthetestimonyofthewomenand,afteraheateddiscussion,therewasinsufficientevidencetosupportanychangetotheVotingRightsBill.Thewomenwerenotsatisfiedwiththeresult,andthewomenpoliticalcoalitionlaunchedaseriesoffierceresistance,suchasbeating,arrestandeatingtokeeptheactivistsalive.Thepurposeoftheirpunishmentwastofightthewomenforwomensuffrage.Foranotherexample,whenAliceHaughtonwantedtousehisfortunetobailotherwomen,shewasblockedbyherhusband.InresponsetoAlice's.“It’smymoney”,herhusbandsaid,“Youaremywife.You’llactlikeawife”.AlthoughAliceHaughtonisthewifeofacongressionalofficial,shestilllackseconomicautonomyandiscompletelycontrolledbyherhusband.Womenregardlessofclassaretreatedasthehusband’sgoods,andtheirhusbandshaveabsolutesovereigntyovertheirwives.3.3.2TheAttitudeoftheMajorityofMentowardsWomenFightingforWomenRights-TakingSonnyasanExampleRepresentedbySonnyProletariatClasstheythinkwomenforwomensuffrageisridiculous.WhentheheroineMaudattendwomenhearing,herhusbandSonnydidnotsupportherpractice,Sonnythinkfeministmovementisagroupofpigs,andhiswifeMaudisoneofthegroupofpigs.WhenMaudwasfirstarrestedandimprisoned,hismalecolleaguessaidtoSonny,“Yourwifeisashame”.Sonnydidnotcareabouthiswife.Instead,hefeltthatMaud’sbehaviorhumiliatedhim,whichshowedtheoppositionofmentofeministactivistsatthattime.AndhismalecolleaguesarealsotoMaudcastdisdainandlaughattheeyes,becausetheythinkawomanisaman’saccessories,womenshouldnothavethepower,herhusbandandbrotherwillshouldbetheirwill,theythinkwomenpursuewomansuffrageisakindofstupidbehavior,andtheywillnotsucceedinwomensuffrage.Thevoiceofwomencallingforwomansuffragewasnotonlyridiculedbymen,butalsotakenonthebackofshame.Inthisbattlewithoutsmoke,womenhavebeenlivingintheshadowofmen,andexperiencedalotofdarknessanddifficulties.Undertheblowofthesocietyandthemajorityofmen,thereisnoroomforwomen,womenrightsisnotthepursuitofwomenandmen,buttheequalitybetweenmenandwomen.Womenalwayspursuethesamerightsasmen,suchastherighttoeducation,politicalparticipation,marriagerights,ratherthanreplacetherightsofmen,nottomentiontherightsofmen.ChapterFourTheSignificanceofWomenFightingforWomenRightsWiththesuccessofwomen’sstruggle,women’srighttoparticipateinpoliticswasgraduallyestablishedinBritain,andthefemalesuffrageintheworldwasalsograduallyadopted.Powerneverfallsfromthesky.Theperseveranceofourancestors,letushavemorewaystolive.4.1TheInfluenceofSuffragist’sStruggleonWomenRightsInthefilm,thedeathofEmilyDavidsonisreportedaroundtheworld,anditdrewglobalattentiontothebattleforwomenrights,abattlethatresultedintheimprisonmentofoverathousandBritishwomen.Fordecades,womenhavefoughtfortheirlegalrightsinapeacefulway.Theyhavebeenfightingfortheirlegitimaterightsinapeacefulandinlinewiththelaw,buttheireffortshavenotchangedthebill,butcheated,ignoredandsuppressedagainandagain.Thewomenwentthroughrepressionafterrepression,andtheygraduallyrealizedthatactionandsacrificewereimperative,andtheyfoughtforamoment,hopingthateverylittlegirlwhocameintothisworldwouldenjoythesamepowerasherbrothers.Theyrebelledinamoreradicalway,untilEmilyrushedtotheKing'shorserace,andtheirappealreceivedwidespreadattention.Thenin1918suffragewasgiventocertainwomenovertheageof30,in1925thelawrecognizedthepowerofthemotheroverherchildren,andin1928womenobtainedthesamerightstoelectionasmen.Thisfilmmakesusseetheirstruggleandsacrifice,letusknowthatwomenrightsarenoteasilywon,itsacquisitionisinterwovenwiththebloodandtearsofthepioneers.Thesuccessofwomenstruggleforwomensuffragehasincreasedtheconfiden