高中英語必修5講義Module5Section5

[技法指導(dǎo)]本單元的寫作要求是通知。通知分為書面通知、口頭通知和廣播通知。寫好此類文章，應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)：1．書面通知：①右上角寫出通知的時(shí)間(也可以省略)；②上方居中大寫NOTICE/Notice；③稱呼語，即通知的對(duì)象(也可以省略)。常用Ladiesandgentlemen;Boysandgirls;Teachersandstudents等；④書面通知的正文往往開門見山直接說明通知的要點(diǎn)：即when,where,who,what等；⑤落款位于右下角，即出通知的個(gè)人或單位。2．口頭通知和廣播通知：①稱呼語(同書面通知)；②引起注意：常見有Attention,please;MayIhaveyourattentionplease等；③正文部分(同書面通知)；④結(jié)束語：That'sall;Thankyou;Thanksalot;Thanksforlistening等。黃金表達(dá)，教你如何營造亮點(diǎn)1．InordertoimproveouroralEnglish,theStudents'Unionhasdecidedthat...2．Wewillgather/meetattheschoolgateateighto'clock.3．WearegoingtohaveanEnglishcontest,andthetopicis...4．Pleasebethereontimeanddon'tbelate.5．Theactivitybeginsat...andlaststwohours.6．Ihopeyouwillhaveagoodtime.7．Aftertheactivity,we'llhaveadiscussionabout...8．It'sagoodopportunityfor...todosth.[寫作規(guī)范][題目要求]假定你是學(xué)生會(huì)主席李華。學(xué)校將舉辦一次以“校園生活·創(chuàng)意無限(InnovationsonCampus)”為主題的創(chuàng)意作品展評(píng)活動(dòng)。請(qǐng)你根據(jù)以下圖示，以短文形式用英語寫一份書面通知。注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；2.可以適當(dāng)發(fā)揮，以使行文連貫；3．開頭及結(jié)尾已為你寫好，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。參考詞匯：頒獎(jiǎng)prizegivingNoticeAnexcitingevent“InnovationsonCampus”isaroundthecorner.StudentUnion[三步作文法]第一步：搜索詞匯1．與校園生活有關(guān)be_related_to_school_life2．上交hand_in3．說明instructions4．展評(píng)on_show5．和某人打聯(lián)系contact/call_sb._at_...第二步：由詞造句(按要求完成句子)1．Everyoneofyouisexpectedtobepartoftheevent.Theeventencouragescreativeminds.(用定語從句合并句子)Everyoneofyouisexpectedtobepartoftheeventwhichencouragescreativeminds.2．Youneedtohandinareport.Thereportexplainshowtheideaoccurstoyouandwhatmaterialsyouuse.(用動(dòng)詞ing形式合并句子)Youneedtohandinareport,explaininghowtheideaoccurstoyouandwhatmaterialsyouuse.3．Theprizegivingceremonywillbeheldfrom15：00to17：00onJune18.Don'tmissthechanceofbeingthewinner.(用so并列句合并句子)Theprizegivingceremonywillbeheldfrom15：00to17：00onJune18,sodon'tmissthechanceofbeingthewinner.第三步：連句成篇NoticeAnexcitingevent“InnovationsonCampus”isaroundthecorner.EveryoneofyouisexpectedtobepartoftheeventwhichencouragescreativemindsandgivesfullplaytoyourDIYskills.Notethatyourinnovationsmustbeschoolthings.Alongwithyourwonderfulinnovation,youneedtohandinareport,explaininghowtheideaoccurstoyouandwhatmaterialsyouuse.AllthecollectionswillbeonshowfromJune16to18inthegym.Lookingforwardtotheprizegivingceremony?Sure!It'llbeheldfrom15：00to17：00onJune18.Sodon'tmissthechanceofbeingthewinner.Yourcontributionwillcertainlymaketheeventahugesuccess.Foranyquestions,callLiHuaat44876655.eon,everybody!It'syourshowtime.StudentUnion[對(duì)應(yīng)學(xué)生課時(shí)達(dá)標(biāo)訓(xùn)練(二十)]Ⅰ.閱讀理解Theword“sport”firstmeantsomethingthatpeopledidintheirfreetime.Lateritoftenmeanthuntingwildanimalsandbirds.Aboutahundredyearsagothewordwasfirstusedfororganizedgames.Thisistheusualmeaningofthewordtoday.Peoplespendalotoftheirsparetimeplayingfootball,basketball,tennisandmanyothersports.Suchpeopleplaybecausetheywantto.Afewpeoplearepaidforthesporttheyplay.Thesepeoplearecalledprofessionalsportsmen.Theymaybesportsmenforonlyafewyears,butduringthattimethebestonescanearnalotofmoney.Forexample,aprofessionalfootballerinEnglandearnsmorethan30，000poundsayear.Thestarscanearnalotmore.Internationalgolfandtennischampionscanmakemorethan50，000poundsayear.Ofcourse,onlyafewsportsmencanearnasmuchmoneyasthat.Itisonlypossibleinsportsforindividuals,likegolf,tennisandmotorracing.Perhapsthemostsurprisingthingaboutsportsmenandmoneyisthis:thestarscanearnmoremoneyfromadvertisingthanfromsports.Anadvertisementforsportsequipmentdoesn'tsimplysay,“Buyourthings”.Itsays,“Buythesameshirtandshoesas...”Famoussportsmencanevenadvertisethingslikewatchesandfood.Theyallowthepaniestousetheirnamesorphotographsandtheyarepaidforthis.Sportisnolongerjustsomethingforpeople'ssparetime.語篇解讀：本文主要講述了運(yùn)動(dòng)員及其收入的情況。1．WhichofthefollowingisRIGHT?A．paniescanusethephotoofasportsmanforfree.B．Theproductsadvertisedbysportsmenaremoreexpensivethanthoseadvertisedbyfilmstars.C．Sportsmenadvertiseproductsjusttobefamous.D．Sportisameansofmakingmoneynow.解析：選D推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的最后幾句可知，體育已成為運(yùn)動(dòng)員掙錢的門路。故選D。2．Whatistheusualmeaningoftheword“sport”？A．Itmeanssomethingthatpeopledointheirfreetime.B．Itmeanshuntingwildanimalsandbirds.C．Itreferstoorganizedgames.D．ItreferstoOlympicGames.解析：選C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的“Aboutahundredyearsagothewordwasfirstusedfororganizedgames.Thisistheusualmeaningofthewordtoday.”可知答案。3．Thewriterthinksitissurprisingthatsportsmenmakemoremoney________．A．fromsportsthanfromadvertisingB．fromadvertisingthanfromsportsC．thanthegovernmentleadersD．thantheleadersofbigpanies解析：選B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“Perhapsthemostsurprisingthingaboutsportsmenandmoneyisthis:thestarscanearnmoremoneyfromadvertisingthanfromsports.”可知答案。4．Thepassageismainlyabout________．A．sportsmenandmoneyB．howsportsmensucceedC．therolemoneyplaysinsportsD．howtomakemoney解析：選A主旨大意題。本文主要講了運(yùn)動(dòng)員和他們的收入。故選A。Ⅱ.任務(wù)型閱讀Everyone,atsomepoint,willsufferaloss—thelossoflovedones,goodhealthorajob.It'syour“desertexperience”.Theimportantthingisnottoallowyourselftobetrappedinthedesert.Socanyouactuallydothingstohelpyourselvesthroughbadtimes?1.________Here'show：LetYourselfGrieve.Aperiodofgrievingiscritical.There'snoshameinthis.Tearsaren'tsignthatyou'resimplyfeelingsorryforyourselfbutareanexpressionofsadnessoremotionthatmustfindanoutlet.2．________Angerisnatural,butitcanbereleasedinawholesomeway.Itcanserveyourrecovery.Youmaythink,“Thingslikethisweren'tsupposedtohappentopeoplelikeme.”However,youhavetorealizethatyouhavestrongreasonstofightforyourlife.FacetheChallenge.Insteadoffacingwhathashappened,manypeopletrytofillupthatemptyfeelinglookingforanescape.Themanwhorarelytouchedadrinkwillbeginhittingthebottle.3.________Otherstryliterallytorunaway.Theonlythingthatmakessenseistofaceuptoyoursituation.Admittingfailureisthetoughestpart,butyouhavetobeforeyoucangetonwithyourlife.GetOutandDo.4．________Youcanjoinasupportgroup,keepajournal,scheduleatripordoexercise,whichmakeyoufeelbetterphysically,andwhenyoufeelbetterphysicallyyoufeelbettermentally.BePatientwithYourself.Roughly,theterriblepainisaminimumofsixmonthsbeforeyouevenstarttofeelbetter.5.________Alotdependsondisposition,thesupportwithinyourenvironment,andwhetheryougethelpandworkonit.So,beeasyonyourself.Recognizethatyou'llneedtimeandcongratulateyourselfateachstepthroughgrief:I'mstillhere,I'vemadeitthisfar!A．GetOutsideYourself.B．UnderstandYourAnger.C．Yes,youcantakechargeofyourowncure.D．Anditcanbeaslongasayear,possiblytwo.E．Awomanwhowatchedherweightwillovereat.F．Theymaystartorganizations,writebooks,workforawareness.G．It'simportanttoforceyourselftoconcentrateonthingsotherthanyourhurt.答案：1～5CBEGDⅢ.完形填空ItwasonlyintheeighteenthcenturythatpeopleinEuropebegantothinkmountainswerebeautiful.__1__thattime,mountainswere__2__bythepeoplelivingontheplain,__3__bythecitypeople,towhomtheywerewildand__4__placesinwhichonewaseasily__5__orkilledbyterribleanimals.Slowly,however,manyofthepeoplewhowereliving__6__inthetownsbegantogrowtiredof__7__.Theybegantofeelinterestedinlookingforthingswhichcouldnotbeexplained,forsightsandsoundswhichproduceafeelingoffearandexcitement.__8__，inthe__9__century,peoplebegantoturnawayfromthemanmade__10__totheuntouchedcountry,andparticularly__11__placeswhereitwasdangerousandwild.Highmountainsbegantobe__12__foraholiday.Then,mountainclimbingbegantogrowpopularasasport.Tosomepeople,thereissomethinggreatly__13__aboutgettingtothe__14__ofahighmountain:astruggleagainstnatureisfinerthanabattle__15__otherhumanbeings.Andthen,whenyouareatthemountaintopafteralonganddifficult__16__，whata__17__rewarditistobeabletolook__18__oneverythingwithin__19__!Atsuchtime,youfeelhappierandprouderthanyoucaneverfeel__20__．語篇解讀：本文介紹了爬山運(yùn)動(dòng)的歷史，同時(shí)介紹了此項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)的魅力。1．A.AfterB．InC．AtD．Before解析：選D根據(jù)前文可知在18世紀(jì)歐洲人才開始認(rèn)為山是美麗的，由此可推斷出在此之前，人們認(rèn)為山是危險(xiǎn)的，故D項(xiàng)正確。2．A.lovedB．likedC．fearedD．observed解析：選C根據(jù)下文的“theywerewild”和“killedbyterribleanimals”可知人們畏懼山。fear“害怕，畏懼”，符合語境。love“愛”；like“喜歡”；observe“觀察”。3.A.howeverB．furtherC．sometimesD．especially解析：選D生活在平原上的人害怕大山，尤其是城市里的人。especially“尤其”，符合語境。4．A.excitingB．interestingC．dangerousD．a(chǎn)lone解析：選C根據(jù)下文的“killedbyterribleanimals”可知對(duì)于他們來說山是危險(xiǎn)的地方。dangerous“危險(xiǎn)的”，符合語境。exciting“令人興奮的”；interesting“有趣的”；alone“單獨(dú)的”。5．A.brokendownB．lostC．discoveredD．caught解析：選B人們?cè)谏嚼锶菀酌月?。belost“迷路”，符合語境。breakdown“垮掉”；discover“發(fā)現(xiàn)”；catch“捉住”。6．A.unhappilyB．lonelyC．fortablyD．easily解析：選A慢慢地許多在城鎮(zhèn)中生活的不幸福的人們開始厭惡城鎮(zhèn)了。unhappily“不快樂地”，符合語境。lonely“孤單的”；fortably“舒服地”；easily“容易地”。7．A.themB．itC．themselvesD．that解析：選A代詞作賓語，且指代前文的“towns”，故應(yīng)用them。8．A.YetB．SoC．HoweverD．But解析：選B上下文之間有因果關(guān)系，故用表示結(jié)果的并列連詞so。yet“然而，但是”；however“然而，可是”；but“但是”。9．A.lastB．recentC．eighteenthD．early解析：選C根據(jù)第一段中“ItwasonlyintheeighteenthcenturythatpeopleinEuropebegantothinkmountainswerebeautiful.”可知在18世紀(jì)人們開始喜歡大山了。10．A.countryB．housesC．townD．planet解析：選C根據(jù)上文“manyofthepeople...inthetownsbegantogrowtiredof________”可知人們開始厭煩城鎮(zhèn)，想要從城鎮(zhèn)里出去，故C項(xiàng)正確。11．A.toB．a(chǎn)tC．inD．for解析：選Aturnawayfrom...to...“離開……去……”。并列連詞and連接兩個(gè)介詞to短語。12．A.importantB．rightC．necessaryD．popular解析：選D高山開始成為人們喜歡的度假勝地。popular“受歡迎的”，符合語境。important“重要的”；right“正確的”；necessary“必要的”。13．A.pleasantB．interestedC．dangerousD．terrible解析：選A對(duì)于一些人，爬到山頂是非常愉快的事情。pleasant“愉快的”，符合語境。interested“感興趣的”；dangerous“危險(xiǎn)的”；terrible“可怕的”。14．A.footB．spotC．topD．tip解析：選C爬山目標(biāo)當(dāng)然是到達(dá)山頂。top“頂”。foot“底部”；spot“斑點(diǎn)，地點(diǎn)”；tip“尖”。15．A.withB．toC．a(chǎn)gainstD．between解析：選Cabattleagainst...“與……的戰(zhàn)斗”。16．A.fightB．climbC．walkD．running解析：選B文中多次出現(xiàn)“climb”長久而且很難的攀登后到達(dá)山頂。climb“攀登”，符合語境。17．A.surprisingB．satisfactoryC．disappointingD．a(chǎn)stonishing解析：選B能夠俯瞰一切是多么令人滿意的報(bào)答啊！satisfactory“令人滿意的”，符合語境。surprising“令人驚奇的”；disappointing“令人失望的”；astonishing“令人驚訝的”。18．A.behindB．upC．downD．a(chǎn)round解析：選Clookdownon“俯瞰”。19．A.milesB．minutesC．seeingD．sight解析：選D俯瞰視野內(nèi)的一切。sight“視野”，符合句意。mile“英里”；minute“分鐘”；seeing“觀看”。20．A.aboveB．belowC．underD．a(chǎn)way解析：選B在那時(shí)，你會(huì)比在山下時(shí)感到更高興、更自豪。below“在下面”，符合句意。above“在上面”；under“在……的下面”，為介詞；away“在遠(yuǎn)處”。Ⅳ.語法填空I'marockclimbingguide.ClimbingtherocksandmountainsinYosemiteNationalPark1.________(be)mylife'spassionsinceIwas13.MorethantenyearsagoIstartedseeingalotofwaste,2.________toiletpaper,beercans,andemptyboxes,aroundthearea.3.________wasbeyondmewhyvisitorsstartedrespectingtheplacelessandtreatedsuchabeautifulhomelikeplacethisway.I4.________(try)pickinguptrashmyself,butIwouldspendanhourortwoonthejob,only5.________(find)theareatrashedalloveragainweeks6.________.Idecidedsomethinghadtochange.Isetadateforacleanuptogetherwithsomeotherclimbers.7.________(expect),morethan300peopleshowedup.Wecollectedabout6，000poundsoftrashoverthreedays.Itwas8.________(amaze)howmuchwewereabletoacplish—theparklookedclean!Ioftenhearpeopleplainabouttheirsurroundings.Iwanttosaytheonlywaytochangethingsisbydoingratherthan9.________(plain).Weneedtoteachbyexample.Wecannotblameothers10.________westartwithourselves.答案：1.hasbeen2.like/including3.It4.tried5.tofind6.later7.Unexpectedly8.amazing9plaining10.unless/untilⅤ.短文改錯(cuò)Awisemanoncetoldahappyandsatisfiedfarmerthatifhehadadiamondasbiggerasathumb,hecouldhavehisowncity,andifhehadadiamondthesizeofhisfist,hecouldbetheownerofhiscountry.Thewisemanleft,thefarmersoldhisfarmandlefthisfamilyinthesearchofhisintendeddiamonds.Helookedacrossthecountryandcouldn'tfindasingleone.Hewassodisappointingthathethrewhimintotheriver.Meanwhile,onemorningthenewownerofthefarmwasfedhiscamelsbythestreamwhenhefoundastoneshininginthewater.Hereturnedforthestoneandwastolditwasadiamond.Toeveryone'sastonish,thefarmwasinfactcoveredwithcountlessdiamond.答案：第一句：bigger→big第二句：farmer前加and或第一個(gè)left前加having;去掉第三個(gè)the第三句：and→but第四句：disappointing→disappointed;him→himself第五句：fed→feeding第六句：for→with第七句：astonish→astonishment;diamond→diamonds單元質(zhì)量檢測(cè)(五)(時(shí)間：100分鐘滿分：120分)Ⅰ.閱讀理解(共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、C和D)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AWinniethePoohbyA.A.MilneWinniethePoohhasbeenintroducedandreintroducedtogenerationaftergenerationasamodelofachild'sbestfriend.However,noteveryonehasfoundPoohislovely.Thisclassichasbeenbanned(禁止)inavarietyofcountriesatonepointoranother,includingRussia,Turkey,andevenitshome,England.Infact,evensomeplacesintheUnitedStateshavebannedthisbook!SowhywouldanyoneeverliketokeepchildrenfromthejoyofMilne'sclassic?InthecaseofRussia,WinniethePoohwasbannedin2009becauseofalleged(所謂的)Nazities.TheWonderfulWizardofOzbyL.FrankBaumOriginallypublishedintheyear1900,TheWonderfulWizardofOzisoneofthefoundationsofthefairytalegenre.Who,then,wouldseektobanabookthathasbeesoimportanttotheAmericanexperience?TheDetroitLibrarybannedTheWonderfulWizardofOzin1957forallegedlyhavingnovalueforchildren.Charlotte'sWebbyE.B.WhiteWhite'staleoftherelationshipbetweentwounexpectedcreatures,aspiderandapig,hasbeendrawingchildreninforoverhalfacentury.Publishedin1952,thisclassichasbeenreadilydisplayedonmostlibraryshelvesforchildrentoread.However,somepeoplewouldliketomakethisbookneverseethelightoftheday.Inoneextremecase,aschoolinEnglandbannedCharlotte'sWebforfearthatthepigWilburmightbeoffensive(冒犯的)toMuslimstudents.Fortunately,theMuslimCouncilofBritainsawthefoolishnessofthisban,sothebookwasquicklyputbacktotheirrightfulplaceontheshelves.WheretheWildThingsArebyMauriceSendakThoughit'sbeenpublishedforfiftyyears,thisbookhasn'talwaysbeenreadilyfoundinlibrariesandinstores.Afteritsrelease,WheretheWildThingsArewasbannedinlibrariesallacrosstheU．S.foritsdarktoneandunrulyleadcharacter.SomeparentsfeltobviouslyunfortableaboutMax,thestory'smaincharacter.Nowadays,you'llfindfarfewerlibrariesthatstillholdthisban.1．Whichofthefollowingwasoncebannedbecauseofbeinguselessforchildren?A．WinniethePooh.B．Charlotte'sWeb.C．WheretheWildThingsAre.D．TheWonderfulWizardofOz.解析：選D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)TheWonderfulWizardofOz中的“TheDetroitLibrarybannedTheWonderfulWizardofOzin1957forallegedlyhavingnovalueforchildren.”可知D項(xiàng)正確。2．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A．Charlotte'sWebtellsastoryofaspiderandapig.B．WheretheWildThingsArewasoriginallypublishedin1900.C．TheWonderfulWizardofOzhasbeenpublishedforfiftyyears.D．WinniethePoohwasbannedinEnglandbecauseofallegedNazities.解析：選A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Charlotte'sWeb中的“White'staleoftherelationshipbetweentwounexpectedcreatures,aspiderandapig”可知A項(xiàng)表述正確。3．Thefourbooksmentionedinthepassagearemainlyintendedfor________．A．parentsB．childrenC．teachersD．writers解析：選B推理判斷題。這四本書中都提及與兒童有關(guān)的內(nèi)容，由此可推知，這四本書的讀者對(duì)象主要是兒童。BSincebirth,JoyandMiriamwereleftatthegateofanorphanage(孤兒院).Forthedisabledsisters,whobothhavespinabifida(脊柱裂),itmayhaveseemedthatallhopeswerelostatthattime.ButafterbeingadoptedbyaBritishcouple,theyhavebeetwoofthecountry'smostpromisingwheelchairbasketballstars.In2005,theHaizesadoptedthem.Then,theymovedtotheUKwhenJoywassixandMiriamwasseven.Thegirlsdiscoveredthewheelchairbasketballthroughachanceconversation,whichMr.Haizehadwithafriendin2011.Theyhadn'tknownwheelchairsportsbefore,butJoywashookedfromthebeginning.WhileMiriamlovedthesport,ittookheralittlelongertobeeaseriousathlete.“Iusedtohavereallylowselfrespect，”shesaid.“It'sonlywhenJoygotintotheUnder25sEuropeanChampionshipsin2013thatIstartedtotakebasketballseriously.Itgavemeapathtofollow.”MiriamwasthenchosentoplayatbothregionaltrialsandtheSainsbury'sSchoolGamesin2014.Ofcourse,sheearnedherselfaplaceatthefamousGBFuturestrainingcamp.“GBFutureshelpedmealot.Ithelpedmetakebasketballtoanotherlevelandlearnmoreaboutthegameanditshistory.Italsohelpedmebemoreindependent，”saidMiriam.Meanwhile,JoyiscurrentlytheyoungestplayerontheGBwomen'steam—butsheismakinghermarkontheinternationalstage,havingrepresentedGreatBritainintournaments(錦標(biāo)賽)allovertheworld.Theteenagersarenoweagertoencourageotherstoexploretheworldofwheelchairsports.“Youshouldhaveconfidenceinyourself.That'stheonethingtohelpyousucceed.Havingsetbackshelpedmegrowintoapersonandplayer.Nomatterwhatpeoplesaidtous,wejusttriedourbest，”saidthegirls.語篇解讀：本文主要講述了一對(duì)輪椅籃球姐妹花的奮斗故事。4．WhathappenedtoJoyandMiriamwhentheywereborn?A．TheywereadoptedbyaBritishcouple.B．Theywereabandonedtoanorphanage.C．TheymovedtotheUKwiththeirparents.D．Theylivedwithparentsinanorphanage.解析：選B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第一段的“Sincebirth,JoyandMiriamwereleftatthegateofanorphanage(孤兒院)．”可知，患有脊柱裂的姐妹Joy和Miriam一出生就被遺棄在了孤兒院門口。5．Thesistersfirstgottoknowthewheelchairbasketballfrom________．A．GBFuturestrainingcampB．theirP．E.teacherbychanceC．a(chǎn)conversationinaTVprogramD．a(chǎn)talkbetweentheirfatherandhisfriend解析：選D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第二段的“Thegirlsdiscoveredthewheelchairbasketballthroughachanceconversation,whichMr.Haizehadwithafriendin2011.”可知D項(xiàng)正確。6．Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat________．A．theHaizesaimedtotrainJoytobeetheworldchampionB．JoysetagoodexampletoMiriaminthewheelchairbasketballC．ittookJoyalongtimetotakethewheelchairbasketballseriouslyD.Miriamistheyoungestplayeronthewomen'sbasketballteam解析：選B推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段前半部分內(nèi)容可知，Joy一開始就很熱愛輪椅籃球，并取得了很好的成績(JoygotintotheUnder25sEuropeanChampionshipsin2013)，正是Joy的好成績激勵(lì)了Miriam。所以正確答案為B。7．Whatsuggestiondidthedisabledsistersgivetoothers?A．Putyourheartintowork!B．Agoodbeginningishalfdone!C．AllroadsleadtoRome.D．Believeinyourself!解析：選D推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段Joy和Miriam姐妹的話可知，她們鼓勵(lì)“年輕人一定要自信”。CEvenaswebreatheasighofreliefwatchingtherescueof33minerstrappedinaChileanmineformorethantwomonths,thereisrecognitionthattheirrecoveryfromthistraumaticexperienceinvolvesmorethanjusttheirphysicalhealth.Survivorsofdisastersareatsignificantriskforsuchproblemsasdepressionandanxiety.Inanupingreport,GeorgeA.Bonannoandcolleaguesnotethatdisastersresultinextremepsychologicalharminaminorityofindividuals—lessthan30%ofsamplesexperienceseverelevelsofthesepsychologicalproblems.Justasthereareawiderangeofproblemsexperiencedfollowingdisasters,Bonannoandhiscoauthorsobservetherearealsoanumberofoutepatterns.Somesurvivorswillexhibitchronicdysfunction(慢性功能障礙)butthemajoritywillgoontorecoverpsychologicalfunctionwithinafewmonthsoryears.Followingdisasters,themostmonformofimmediatepsychologicalintervention(介入)isCriticalIncidentStressDebriefing(CISD)(危機(jī)事件應(yīng)激晤談).However,followingareviewofstudiesontheeffectivenessofCISD,Bonannoandcoauthorsconclude,“MultiplestudieshaveshownthatCISDisnotonlyineffectivebut,assuggestedearlier,insomecasescanactuallybepsychologicallyharmful.”“Thedataoncrisisdebriefingsuggestthatimposingsuchinterventionsonindividualsdoesn'twork，”Lilienfeldsays.“Ifsomeoftheminerswanttotalktosomebodytoexpresstheirfeelings,thenbyallmeansmentalhealthprofessionalsshouldbetheretolistentothemandsupportthem.Butforminerswhowouldprefernottotalkmuchabouttheexperience,it'sbesttoleavethemaloneandrespecttheirowncopingmechanisms(應(yīng)對(duì)機(jī)制)．”AccordingtoBonannoandhiscoauthors,therearetreatmentsthatmaybeeffectiveinhelpingsurvivorsrecoverfromdisasters.Psychologicalfirstaid(PFA)—which,amongotherthings,providespracticalhelpandhelpsdevelopasenseofsafetyandcalmnessamongsurvivors—isapromisingapproach.Forexample,themunitycenteredintervention—whichhelpsmaintainasenseofconnectednessandqualityofmunitylife—isbeneficialtosurvivorsofdisasters.語篇解讀：絕大多數(shù)災(zāi)難幸存者都會(huì)產(chǎn)生一定的心理問題，因此對(duì)他們進(jìn)行心理疏導(dǎo)是極其重要的。8．Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“traumatic”inthefirstparagraph?A．Amusing.B．Upsetting.C．Impressive.D．Memorable.解析：選B詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第一段第一句以及下文disasters可知，被困在煤礦中是一件令人痛苦的經(jīng)歷。9．WhatcanbeinferredfromLilienfeld'swords?A．Thechoicesofinterventionsshouldfollowthesurvivors'will.B．Thesurvivorsshouldoftenaskhealthprofessionalsforadvice.C．It'sbeneficialforthesurvivorstomunicatewitheachother.D．Theminersshouldberespectedfortheirhardanddangerouswork.解析：選A推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“...Butforminerswhowouldprefernottotalkmuchabouttheexperience,it'sbesttoleavethemaloneandrespecttheirowncopingmechanisms(應(yīng)對(duì)機(jī)制)．”可知，針對(duì)不同的災(zāi)難幸存者，應(yīng)根據(jù)他們自己的意愿制定心理救援計(jì)劃。10．Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingmethodsisgenerallymoreeffective?A．Helpsurvivorsfitintheirmunities.B．Urgesurvivorstojoininvolunteerprograms.C．Asksurvivorstospeakouttheirexperiences.D．Leavesurvivorsalonetoimprovetheiremotions.解析：選A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句可知，讓災(zāi)難幸存者融入自己的社區(qū)生活是幫助他們走出陰影比較有效的方法。選項(xiàng)B在文中并沒有提及，C、D兩項(xiàng)并不適合所有的人。故選A項(xiàng)。11．Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．Thetypesofpsychologicalproblems.B．Theharmfuleffectsofmineaccidents.C．Thenewresearchaboutthementalactivity.D．Thepsychologicalhelpforsurvivorsofdisasters.解析：選D主旨大意題。全文主要說明了對(duì)災(zāi)難幸存者心理急救的有效方法，D項(xiàng)最為符合。DItdidn'ttakelongforalotofpeoplewhoownedautomobilesinthelate1800stostarthiringthemout.Eventhoughthefirsttaxiswereoddlookingmachinesthathadbatteriesweighingasmuchas800pounds,therewerealmost100oftheminNewYorkCityby1899.Theydidagreatdealofbusinesspetingwithhorsedrawncarriages(馬車),sincemanypeoplefoundthemnotonlyfaster,butalsoquieterandmuchcleaner.ThefirstgaspoweredcabsarrivedinNewYorkin1907,buttheywereimportedfromFranceandnotbuiltintheU．S.The1920ssawanexplosioninthetaxis,asthousandsofthemwereinuseeveryday.Thisburgeoningindustryneededregulation,andtheMayorofNewYork,FiorelloH.LaGuardia,signedtheHassActof1937.Theactforcedcabpaniestoobtainlicensesandalsointroducedthemedallionsystem,whichisstillinusetoday.Thesearethesmallmetalplatesyou'llseeontopofthevehicle(車輛)thatcertifiesitislegallyallowedtopickuppassengers.Thesystemhelpedthegovernmentkeeptrackofnotjustthenumberoftaxis,butthequalityofthemaswell.Eventhoughtheyfacedseriouspetitionfrombuses,subwaysandtrains,taxisinNewYorkremainedastaple(主要產(chǎn)品)formillionsofpeople.About12，000ofthemwereinserviceby1950.Whileyoumaythinkthatcabshavealwaysbeenyellow,itactuallywasn'tuntilthe1960sthattheywererequiredtobepaintedthaticoniccolor.Thereareabout40，000driversinNewYorkCityalone,andmillionsofothersthroughouttheU．S.andtherestoftheworld.Anestimated200millionpassengerstravelabout800millionmilesayear,andpayfarestotalingabout$1billionayearinNewYorkalone.語篇解讀：在紐約，最原始的出租車誕生于19世紀(jì)初，經(jīng)過幾百年的發(fā)展，出租車已成為人們不可或缺的代步工具。12．Theunderlinedword“burgeoning”inParagraph2probablymeans“________”．A．petingfiercelyB．developingrapidlyC．recoveringquicklyD．disappearingtotally解析：選B詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段第一句可知，由于出租車行業(yè)發(fā)展迅速，所以需要紐約市通過立法來進(jìn)行管理，故選B項(xiàng)。13．Themetalplatesweresetontopofthetaxiswhich________．A．werepaintedinyellowasrequiredB．providedqualifiedservicesforthepassengersC．wereallowedbythegovernmenttodobusinessD．couldn'tcauseanycaraccidentsalltheyearround解析：選C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第四句“Thesearethesmallmetalplatesyou'llseeontopofthevehicle(車輛)thatcertifiesitislegallyallowedtopickuppassengers.”可知，在每一輛出租車上安放一塊小的金屬板是為了證明該出租車是合法經(jīng)營，可以載客。14．Thenumberslistedinthelastparagraphshowthat________．A．NewYorkhasmoretaxisthanotherbigcitiesB．thetaxiindustryinNewYorkisverysuccessfulC．thetaxiisthemostpopulartransportationinNewYorkD．NewYorkhasearnedmuchmoneyfromthetaxiindustry解析：選B推理判斷題。文章最后一段所列出的諸多數(shù)據(jù)表明了出租車行業(yè)在紐約市是興旺的。15．What'sthewriter'spurposeinwritingthepassage?A．Toanalyzetheadvantagesofthetaxis.B．Toadvertisethegoodservicesofthetaxis.C．TointroducethehistoryoftaxisinNewYork.D．ToshowthedevelopmentofvehiclesintheU．S.解析：選C寫作目的題。全文主要介紹了出租車行業(yè)在紐約市誕生、發(fā)展和走向繁榮的歷史。Ⅱ.任務(wù)型閱讀(共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Inhighschool,it'simportanttostayhealthy.16.________Howcanyoustudywellifyou'resick?Soyoushouldpayattentiontoyourhealthinordertostudywellinhighschool.Inordertoenjoygoodhealth,youshouldhavesomegoodhabits.Herearesometipsforyou.Drinkwaterregularlyeveryday.Somestudentsdon'tlikedrinkingwater.Theyonlydrinkwaterwhenthey'reextremelythirsty.17.________Youshoulddrinkwaterregularlysothatyourbodyandbraincanfunctionwell.Avoidsportsdrinksandsodawhenyou'rethirsty.Theyarenotgoodforyourhealth.18．________Somestudentsdon'teatthreemealsaday.Nomatterwhathappens,youshouldn'tskipanymealoftheday.Eatingregularlyhelpskeepyourmetabolism(新陳代謝)highandkeepsyourenergyup.It'sespeciallyimportanttoeatagoodbreakfasteverydaywithprotein,carbohydrates(碳水化合物),andfibertosetupyourbodyforthedayofactivity.Ifyoudon'teat,howcanyoustayfocusedinclass?