重慶市2023-2024學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期2月開學(xué)考試英語試題（含答案解析）

重慶市2023-2024學(xué)年（下）2月月度質(zhì)量檢測高二英語注意事項(xiàng)：1.答題前，考生務(wù)必用黑色簽字筆將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號、座位號在答題卡上填寫清楚；2.每小題選出答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號涂黑，在試卷上作答無效；3.考試結(jié)束后，請將本試卷和答題卡一并交回；4.全卷共8頁，滿分150分，考試時(shí)間120分鐘。第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）做題時(shí)先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)（共5小題：每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.Whatwillthemandonextweek?A.Growsomeplants.B.Travelonbusiness.C.Goonvacation.2.WhatisJamesprobablydoingnow?A.Playingcomputergames.B.Makingthebed.C.Pickinguphistoys.3.What’stherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Doctorandpatient.B.Teacherandstudent.C.Workmates.4Whydoesthewomancometotheofficesolate?A.Sheoverslept.B.Hercarbrokedown.C.Shehasquit.5.What’stheusualpriceofthemediumclassicmilktea?A.5yuan.B.10yuan.C.20yuan.第二節(jié)（共15小題：每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對話或獨(dú)白。每段對話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽下面一段對話，回答第6至第7兩個(gè)小題。6.Howlongisthewoman’ssummervacation?A.Twoweeks.B.Onemonth.C.Twomonths.7.Whatwillthewomandoduringtheholiday?A.Gototheseaside.B.Stayathome.C.Goabroad.聽下面一段對話，回答第8至第10三個(gè)小題。8.WhydidthemancometoChinainthefirstplace?A.Tostudy.B.Towork.C.Totravel.9.Whereisthemanlivingnow?A.InXi’an.B.InBeijing.C.InShanghai.10.Howoldistheman’sdaughter?A.2yearsold.B.3yearsold.C.8yearsold.聽下面一段對話，回答第11至第13三個(gè)小題。11.Whatdoesthewomanrefusetoprovide?A.Acashreturn.B.Storecredits.C.Goodsexchange.12.Whydoesthemanwanttoreturnthecoffeemaker(咖啡機(jī))?A.Hedoesn’tlikeitsshape.B.Hehasgotasimilarone.C.Heseldommakescoffee.13.Whatcolorbowldoesthemanwant?A.Black.B.Red.C.White.聽下面一段對話，回答第14至第16三個(gè)小題。14.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inanoffice.B.Inagym.C.Inarestaurant.15.Whathappenedthelasttimethemanboughtamembership?A.Helostit.B.Heletitgotowaste.C.Hereturnedit.16.Whatwillthemandoatnoon?A.Callapersonaltrainer.B.HelpCathytobeonadiet.C.GiveCathysomerecommendations.聽下面一段獨(dú)白，回答第17至第20四個(gè)小題。17.Howdidthespeaker’smothergetHamlet?A.Shegothimfromafriend.B.Shepickedhimupontheroad.C.Sheboughthimfromthemarket.18.WhatisHamlet?A.Amouse.B.Adog.C.Acat.19.WhatwouldHamletalwaysdoeveryafternoon?AGoout.B.Catchabird.C.Fightwithotherpets.20.Howdoesthemansoundintheend?A.Pleased.B.Sad.C.Hopeful.第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題：每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AInnovativeIdeasbyStudentsOxygen/carbondioxidelevelindicatorSR-Valava,AftabEnglishHigherSecondarySchoolThesystemcandetectlevelsofoxygen/carbondioxideintheclosedcarandopenwindowswhentheoxygenleveldropsorcarbondioxidelevelrises,therebypreventingaccidentaldeathsofchildrenorpetslockedinsidethecar.Newservingtray(托盤)AlokSinghShahFaizPublicSchoolThisservingtrayhasareleasemechanismthatcanputcups/glassesonthetablealongwithacoaster(玻璃杯墊)withouttouchingit.Oncewhileservingteatoaguest,Alokspilled(灑出)hotteaoverhimresultinginsomeburnstohishands.Afterthisincidenthecameupwiththisideatomakeservingeasyand“stylish”.Posture(姿勢)correctingchairKulsoomRizavi,LaMartiniereGirls’CollegeWithsensorsatappropriateplaces,thechairalarmstheuserwhentheirsittingpostureiswrong.Kulsoomdreamedupthisideaafterbeingregularlycriticizedbyhermotherforherbadposture.Shethoughtthatwhileitmaynotbepossibletoberemindedagainandagainbysomeoneforsittingwrongly,thistaskcanbedonebythechairitself.SuddenfalldetectorSoumyaRanjanBehera,BTTSUpperPrimarySchool.Thewearabledevicealarmsotherswhentheuserfallssuddenly.Itisusefulforoldpeopleandthosesufferingfromfits,epilepsy(癲癇),etc.Itwillhelpkeepanelectroniceyeonone’slovedones.TheideastruckSoumyaRanjanwhenhisgrandmasufferedanepilepticattackandfelldown.Hewondered,whatifshewasn'taround?1.Wheredoesthestudentdesigningthesystemavailableforcarscomefrom?A.ShahFaizPublicSchool. B.LaMartiniereGirlsCollege.C.BTTSUpperPrimarySchool. D.AftabEnglishHigherSecondarySchool.2.WhatcanKulsoom’sinnovationdo?A.Warnusersagainstsittingimproperly. B.Correctusers’poorstandingposture.C.Makeuserssitstillmorecomfortably. D.Alarmusersaboutfallingoffachair.3.Whichofthefollowingistargetedspecificallyattheaged?A.Newservingtray. B.Suddenfalldetector.C.Posturecorrectingchair. D.Oxygen/carbondioxidelevelindicator.【答案】1.D2.A3.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了四款發(fā)明以及發(fā)明者的信息?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一部分“SR-Valava,AftabEnglishHigherSecondarySchool(SR-Valava，Aftab英語高級中學(xué))”以及“Thesystemcandetectlevelsofoxygen/carbondioxideintheclosedcarandopenwindowswhentheoxygenleveldropsorcarbondioxidelevelrises,therebypreventingaccidentaldeathsofchildrenorpetslockedinsidethecar.(該系統(tǒng)可以檢測封閉車內(nèi)的氧氣/二氧化碳水平，并在氧氣水平下降或二氧化碳水平上升時(shí)打開車窗，從而防止被鎖在車內(nèi)的兒童或?qū)櫸镆馔馑劳?”可知，設(shè)計(jì)汽車系統(tǒng)的學(xué)生來自Aftab英語高級中學(xué)。故選D?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Posture(姿勢)correctingchair部分中“Withsensorsatappropriateplaces,thechairalarmstheuserwhentheirsittingpostureiswrong.(椅子在適當(dāng)?shù)牡胤桨惭b了傳感器，當(dāng)用戶的坐姿錯(cuò)誤時(shí)，椅子會(huì)發(fā)出警報(bào))”可知，Kulsoom的創(chuàng)新可以警告使用者不當(dāng)坐姿。故選A。【3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Itisusefulforoldpeopleandthosesufferingfromfits,epilepsy(癲癇),etc.(它對老年人和那些患有痙攣、癲癇等疾病的人很有用)”可知，Suddenfalldetector是專門針對老年人的。故選B。BWhenIsawthedocumentaryADHD(多動(dòng)癥):NotJustforKids,Iwasintearsafter20minutes—thestoriesbeingtoldsoundedmuchlikemyown.I’minmy40s,IhadreadeverythingtherewasinhealthandscienceandIhadnoideathatthesymptoms(癥狀)Ihadexperiencedallofmylifewereanythingbutnormal.HowhadImissedthis?Icalledthedoctortogetassessed.Imusthavesoundeddesperateonthephone;theytookmerightaway.Later,IresearchedeverythingIcouldaboutADHD.Itbecameclearthatmymisunderstandingandignoranceaboutthedisorderhadmisledme.Amillionthoughts,amillionregrets.Finally,ItoldmyselfIcouldn’tchangethepast,butIcouldsharethefactthatADHDcanlookmuchdifferentfromthesuperactivechildpracticingbackflips(后空翻)offofachair.Asforme,thingswentanotherwayaround:Iwasayounggirl,quietlysittingatmyschooldesk,pretendingtolistentotheteacher.Meanwhile,Iwaswatchinganddrawingthebirdthatlandedinthetreeoutside.AndIwasrereadingentirechaptersofmytextbooksandtakingextensivenotesbecauseIcouldn’trememberwhatIhadjustreadbecauseIwasthinkingofthebirdIhadseenearlier.Laterinlife,I’dsitatthekitchentable,staringoutthewindow.There’snotellinghowlongitwilltake.Thoughtsrushinfromyesterday,todayandtomorrow.Ineedtomakedinner,takethedogforawalk,thekidswillbehomesoon...ButIcan’tmove.IknowthatIshould,butIcan’t.Afterward,Iberatemyself,unabletounderstandwhyIdidn’tgetup,whyIwastedsomuchprecioustime,somuchofmylifedoingnothing,itseems.Sincebeingtreated,Ihaveaninnercalmnessthatisnewtome.Medicationdoesn’torganizemyday;itdoesn’tremindmetopickupthekidsorwalkthedog.However,itallowsmetomovewhenI’vebeenstaringoutthewindowfortoolong.4.Whatdidtheauthorlearnfromthedocumentary?A.ShemighthavebeenanADHDpatient.B.Shewaswronglyassessedbymanydoctors.C.ShehadneverexperiencedanysymptomofADHD.D.Shewasaveryproblematicchildduringschoolyears.5.Whydoestheauthorshareherearlyexperiencesinparagraphs3-4?A.ToofferpossiblecausesofADHD.B.TomakeitclearhowADHDdevelopsC.ToshowADHDhasmorethanoneform.D.TodescribeADHDsymptomsinchildren.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“berate”meaninparagraph4?A.adjust. B.blame. C.push. D.challenge.7.Howhasthetreatmentaffectedtheauthor?A.Shehaslearnedsomebasiclifeskills.B.Shehasallowedherselfmorefreetime.C.Shehasbecomemotivatedtotakeaction.D.Shehasdevelopedmorepatiencewithherkids.【答案】4.A5.C6.B7.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了一位40多歲的女士在看完關(guān)于多動(dòng)癥的紀(jì)錄片后，對自己過去生活的反思和自白?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“WhenIsawthedocumentaryADHD(多動(dòng)癥):NotJustforKids,Iwasintearsafter20minutes—thestoriesbeingtoldsoundedmuchlikemyown.(當(dāng)我看紀(jì)錄片《多動(dòng)癥：不只是孩子的》時(shí)，我看了20分鐘就哭了——里面講的故事聽起來很像我自己的故事)”可知，作者發(fā)現(xiàn)紀(jì)錄片中關(guān)于多動(dòng)癥的故事和自己的經(jīng)歷很相似，通過紀(jì)錄片她發(fā)現(xiàn)自己可能是多動(dòng)癥患者。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。第二段中“Finally,ItoldmyselfIcouldn’tchangethepast,butIcouldsharethefactthatADHDcanlookmuchdifferentfromthesuperactivechildpracticingbackflips(后空翻)offofachair.(最后，我告訴自己，我無法改變過去，但我可以分享這樣一個(gè)事實(shí)：多動(dòng)癥與超級活躍的孩子在椅子上練習(xí)后空翻有很大的不同)”作者提出自己對多動(dòng)癥的認(rèn)知：多動(dòng)癥與超級活躍的孩子在椅子上練習(xí)后空翻有很大的不同。第三段中“Asforme,thingswentanotherwayaround:Iwasayounggirl,quietlysittingatmyschooldesk,pretendingtolistentotheteacher...(對我來說，情況正好相反:我是一個(gè)小女孩，靜靜地坐在課桌前，假裝在聽老師講課……)”和第四段中“Laterinlife,I’dsitatthekitchentable,staringoutthewindow.There’snotellinghowlongitwilltake.Thoughtsrushinfromyesterday,todayandtomorrow...

(后來，我坐在廚房的桌子旁，凝視著窗外。不知道要花多長時(shí)間。思緒從昨天、今天和明天涌來……)”用自己的經(jīng)歷來說明多動(dòng)癥除了“超級活躍”外，還有其它形式。所以作者在第3、4段中分享了她早期的經(jīng)歷是為了表明多動(dòng)癥不止一種形式。故選C項(xiàng)。【6題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)上文“Ineedtomakedinner,takethedogforawalk,thekidswillbehomesoon...ButIcan’tmove.IknowthatIshould,butIcan’t.(我要做晚飯，遛狗，孩子們很快就會(huì)回家……但是我動(dòng)不了。我知道我應(yīng)該這么做，但我做不到)”可知，在生活中，作者總是無法去做自己想做的事情，身體不受自己控制。結(jié)合劃線詞所在句“Afterward,Iberate

myself,unabletounderstandwhyIdidn’tgetup,whyIwastedsomuchprecioustime,somuchofmylifedoingnothing,itseems.(后來，我berate自己，不明白為什么我沒有起床，為什么我浪費(fèi)了這么多寶貴的時(shí)間，為什么我的生命中這么多的時(shí)間似乎什么都沒做)”中“unabletounderstandwhyIdidn’tgetup,whyIwastedsomuchprecioustime,somuchofmylifedoingnothing”可推知，作者對于自己的這種無能充滿自責(zé)。故berate與blame意思相近。故選B項(xiàng)。【7題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Sincebeingtreated,Ihaveaninnercalmnessthatisnewtome.Medicationdoesn’torganizemyday;itdoesn’tremindmetopickupthekidsorwalkthedog.However,itallowsmetomovewhenI’vebeenstaringoutthewindowfortoolong.(自從接受治療以來，我內(nèi)心的平靜對我來說是前所未有的。藥物不能安排我的一天；它不會(huì)提醒我去接孩子或遛狗。然而，當(dāng)我盯著窗外看太久的時(shí)候，它可以讓我動(dòng)起來)”可知，治療讓作者有了采取行動(dòng)的動(dòng)力。故選C項(xiàng)。CIngeneral,thesocietyisbecomingoneofgiantenterprisesdirectedbyabureaucratic(官僚主義的)managementinwhichmanbecomesasmall,well-oiledcoginthemachinery.Theoilingisdonewithhigherwages,well-equippedfactoriesandpipedmusic,andbypsychologistsand“human-relations”experts;yetallthisoilingdoesnotchangethefactthatmanhasbecomepowerless,thathedoesnotwholeheartedlyparticipateinhisworkandheisboredwithit.Infact,theblue-collarandthewhite-collarworkershavebecomeeconomicpuppetswhodancetothetuneofautomatedmachinesandbureaucraticmanagement.Theworkerandemployeeareanxious,seeminglybecausetheymightfindthemselvesoutofajobortheywouldsaythattheyareunabletoacquireanyrealsatisfactionorinterestinlife.Infact,theyfeeldesperateastheyliveanddiewithouteverhavingconfrontedthefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistenceasemotionallyandintellectuallyindependentandproductivehumanbeings.Thosehigheruponthesocialladderarenolessanxious.Theirlivesarenolessemptythanthoseoftheirsubordinates.Theyareevenmoreinsecureinsomerespects.Theyareinahighlycompetitiverace.Tobepromotedortofallbehindisnotamatterofsalarybutevenmoreamatterofself-respect.Whentheyapplyfortheirfirstjob,theyaretestedforintelligenceaswellasfortherightmixtureofsubmissivenessandindependence.Fromthemomentontheyaretestedagainandagainbythepsychologists,forwhomtestingisabigbusiness,andbytheirsuperiors,whojudgetheirbehavior,sociability,capacitytogetalong,etc.Thisconstantneedtoprovethatoneisasgoodasorbetterthanone’sfellow-competitorcreatesconstantanxietyandstress,theverycausesofunhappinessandillness.AmIsuggestingareturntothepre-industrialmodeofproductionortonineteenth-century“freeenterprise”capitalism?Certainlynot.Problemsareneversolvedbyreturningtoastagewhichonehasalreadyoutgrown.Isuggesttransformingthesocialsystemfromabureaucraticallymanagedindustrialisminwhichmaximalproductionandconsumptionareendsinthemselvesintoahumanistindustrialisminwhichmanandfulldevelopmentofhispotentialities—thoseofallloveandofreason—aretheaimsofsocialarrangements.Productionandconsumptionshouldserveasmeanstothisend,andshouldbepreventedfromrulingman.8.By“asmall,well-oiledcoginthemachinery”,theauthorexpressestheideathatmanis_________.A.anessentialpartofsocietywithirreplaceablefunctionsB.expectedtoworkinreasonableharmonywiththerestofsocietyC.anunimportantcomponentofsociety,thoughfunctioningsmoothlyD.responsibleforthesmoothrunningofsocietyandbusinessoperations9.Therealcauseoftheanxietyoftheworkersandemployeesisthat_________.A.theyarefilledwithanoverwhelmingfearofbeingunemployedB.theydon’thaveanygenuinesatisfactionorinterestC.theyhavetofacethefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistenceD.theylackasenseofindependenceandproductivity10.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedword“submissiveness”?A.caution B.obedience C.commitment D.optimism11.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?A.Tointroducetheproductionmodeofourancestors.B.Toshowtheproblematicsituationinsociety.C.Toargueforfulldevelopmentofhumanpotentials.D.Tohelppeopleescapeproductionandconsumption.【答案】8.C9.D10.B11.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇議論文。文章探討了現(xiàn)代社會(huì)中工人、雇員以及社會(huì)階層較高者的焦慮和不滿情緒，呼吁轉(zhuǎn)變社會(huì)制度，充分開發(fā)人類潛能，使生產(chǎn)和消費(fèi)成為實(shí)現(xiàn)人的全面發(fā)展的手段?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Ingeneral,thesocietyisbecomingoneofgiantenterprisesdirectedbyabureaucratic(官僚主義的)managementinwhichmanbecomesasmall,well-oiledcoginthemachinery.Theoilingisdonewithhigherwages,well-equippedfactoriesandpipedmusic,andbypsychologistsand“human-relations”experts;yetallthisoilingdoesnotchangethefactthatmanhasbecomepowerless,thathedoesnotwholeheartedlyparticipateinhisworkandheisboredwithit.(總的來說，社會(huì)正在變成一個(gè)由官僚管理層管理的巨型企業(yè)，在這個(gè)企業(yè)中，人變成了機(jī)器中一個(gè)小小的、運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)良好的齒輪。給齒輪“加油”是通過更高的工資、設(shè)備精良的工廠和管弦樂，以及心理學(xué)家和“人際關(guān)系”專家完成的)”和“Infact,theblue-collarandthewhite-collarworkershavebecomeeconomicpuppetswhodancetothetuneofautomatedmachinesandbureaucraticmanagement.(事實(shí)上，藍(lán)領(lǐng)工人和白領(lǐng)工人已經(jīng)成為經(jīng)濟(jì)的傀儡，隨著自動(dòng)化機(jī)器和官僚管理的曲調(diào)起舞)”可推知，作者認(rèn)為人只是機(jī)器中一個(gè)小小的、運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)良好的齒輪，是經(jīng)濟(jì)的傀儡，受到自動(dòng)化機(jī)器和官僚管理的支配，雖然運(yùn)行平穩(wěn)，但并不重要。故選C?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Infact,theyfeeldesperateastheyliveanddiewithouteverhavingconfrontedthefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistenceasemotionallyandintellectuallyindependentandproductivehumanbeings.(事實(shí)上，他們感到絕望是因?yàn)樗麄儚膩頉]有作為情感和智力上獨(dú)立的和有生產(chǎn)力的人去面對人類生存的基本現(xiàn)實(shí))”可知，工人和雇員焦慮的真正原因是他們?nèi)狈Κ?dú)立意識(shí)和生產(chǎn)力。故選D?！?0題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞所在句“Whentheyapplyfortheirfirstjob,

theyaretestedforintelligenceaswellasfortherightmixtureof

submissivenessandindependence.(當(dāng)他們申請第一份工作時(shí)，他們接受智力測試，以及是否能把submissiveness和獨(dú)立正確地結(jié)合起來的測試)”中“testedfor”可知，句中談?wù)摰氖菍?yīng)聘者的相關(guān)測試。結(jié)合劃線詞前“therightmixture...”和其后“independence”可推知，submissiveness與independence(獨(dú)立)是應(yīng)聘者需要兼有的兩種特質(zhì)，應(yīng)聘者在兩者之間需要找到平衡點(diǎn)。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可推知，submissiveness與obedience同義，意為“服從”，與independence(獨(dú)立)意思相對。故選B項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Isuggesttransformingthesocialsystemfromabureaucraticallymanagedindustrialisminwhichmaximalproductionandconsumptionareendsinthemselvesintoahumanistindustrialisminwhichmanandfulldevelopmentofhispotentialities—thoseofallloveandofreason—aretheaimsofsocialarrangements.Productionandconsumptionshouldserveasmeanstothisend,andshouldbepreventedfromrulingman.(我建議將社會(huì)制度從以最大限度生產(chǎn)和消費(fèi)為目的的官僚管理的工業(yè)主義轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橐匀思捌錆撃堋袗酆屠硇缘臐撃堋某浞职l(fā)展為社會(huì)安排目標(biāo)的人道主義工業(yè)主義。生產(chǎn)和消費(fèi)應(yīng)該作為達(dá)到這一目的的手段，而不應(yīng)該支配人)”可推知，作者寫這篇文章的目的是主張充分開發(fā)人類潛能。故選C項(xiàng)。DImagineyouneedmilksoyougotothegrocerystoretopicksomeup,onlytofindtherearedozensofoptions.Thesedays,youhavetomakeadecisiononnotonlythepercentageoffatyouwant,butalsowhatsourceyouwantyourmilktobecomingfrom:cows,soybeans...Youhavenoideawhatmilktopick.Therearesomanychoicesthatyouareconfused.Thisphenomenonisknownastheparadox(悖論)ofchoiceanditisbecomingaconcerninthemodernworld,wheremoreandmoreoptionsarebecomingeasilyavailabletous.Whilewemightbelievethatbeingpresentedwithmultipleoptionsactuallymakesiteasiertochooseonethatwearehappywith,andthusincreasesconsumersatisfaction,havingtoomanyoptionsactuallyrequiresmoreefforttomakeadecisionandcanleaveusfeelingunsatisfiedwithourchoice.TheideawaspopularizedbyAmericanpsychologistBarrySchwartzwhenhepublishedhisbook,TheParadoxofChoice:WhyMoreIsLess.Schwartz,whohaslongstudiedthewaysinwhicheconomicsandpsychologyintersect(交叉),becameinterestedinseeingthewaythatchoiceswereaffectingthehappinessofcitizensinWesternsocieties.Heidentifiedthattherangeofchoicesthatwehaveavailabletousthesedaysisfargreaterthanthatpeoplehadinthepast;however,consumersatisfactionhasnotincreasedasmuchastraditionaleconomicstheoriesmightexpect.Schwartzidentifiedthattheparadoxofchoicecarriesthemostconsequenceforpeoplethataremaximizers.Maximizers,unlikesatisficers,areconcernedwithmakingthebestchoiceinsteadofsimplymakingachoicethattheyarehappywith.Whentherearemanyoptionsavailabletomaximizers,itbecomesharderforthemtodeterminewhichisthebest,whichcancausethemtofeelagreatdealofregretaftertheyhavemadeachoice.Insteadofbelievingthatfreedomofchoiceisunlimited,Schwartzadvocatesthattheroleofpsychologyandbehavioraleconomicsshouldbetofindthekindoflimitationsonfreedomthatcanleadtothegreatestlevelofhappinesswithinsociety.12.What’stheauthor’spurposeinmentioningbuyingmilkinparagraph1?A.Toleadinthetopic.B.Todrawaconclusion.C.Toshowthatwehavemorechoiceswhenshopping.D.Toindicatethatpeoplepaygreaterattentiontohealthwhenshopping.13.Whatdoestheparadoxofchoicesuggest?A.Moreoptionsmeanlesssatisfaction.B.Consumersatisfactionhasgreatlyincreased.C.Peoplearehappywithmorechoices.D.Modernpeoplearehappierthantheirancestors.14.Whatcanbelearnedaboutsatisficers?A.Theyaimfortheverybest. B.Theytendtofollowtheirfeelings.C.Theyoftenregrettheirdecisions. D.Theyhavetroublemakingadecision.15.WhatdoesSchwartzsuggestpeopledo?A.Holdontotheirbeliefs. B.Accepttheirownbehavior.C.Giveupfreedom. D.Limittheirownchoices.【答案】12.A13.A14.B15.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇議論文。文章主要介紹了“選擇悖論”這一現(xiàn)象，即過多的選擇會(huì)讓人們感到困惑和不滿，從而降低消費(fèi)者的滿意度。文章還介紹了“最大化者”和“滿足者”的區(qū)別，以及心理學(xué)和行為經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)在解決這一問題中的作用。【12題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的“Imagineyouneedmilk,soyougotothegrocerystoretopicksomeup,onlytofindtherearedozensofoptions.(想象一下，你需要牛奶，所以你去雜貨店買了一些，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)有幾十種選擇)”以及“Youhavenoideawhatmilktopick.Therearesomanychoicesthatyouareconfused.(你不知道該選什么牛奶。有太多的選擇讓你感到困惑)”可知，購物時(shí)牛奶品類眾多，以至于很難做出決策。是下文“選擇的悖論”這一現(xiàn)象的一個(gè)案例。由此可推知，文章第一段提到買牛奶就是為了引出文章的話題。故選A。【13題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的“Whilewemightbelievethatbeingpresentedwithmultipleoptionsactuallymakesiteasiertochooseonethatwearehappywith,andthusincreasesconsumersatisfaction,havingtoomanyoptionsactuallyrequiresmoreefforttomakeadecisionandcanleaveusfeelingunsatisfiedwithourchoice.(雖然我們可能認(rèn)為，提供多種選擇實(shí)際上會(huì)讓我們更容易選擇一種我們滿意的選擇，從而提高消費(fèi)者滿意度，選擇太多實(shí)際上需要付出更多的努力才能做出決定，這會(huì)讓我們對自己的選擇感到不滿意)”可知，選擇太多實(shí)際上需要付出更多的努力才能做出決定，這會(huì)讓我們對自己的選擇感到不滿意。由此可推知，更多的選擇意味著更少的滿足感。故選A?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段的“Maximizers,unlikesatisficers,areconcernedwithmakingthebestchoiceinsteadofsimplymakingachoicethattheyarehappywith.(與滿足者不同，最大化者關(guān)心的是做出最好的選擇，而不是簡單地做出他們滿意的選擇)”可推知，滿足者跟隨自己的感覺，不糾結(jié)于必須做出“最好的”決定。故選B?！?5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Insteadofbelievingthatfreedomofchoiceisunlimited,Schwartzadvocatesthattheroleofpsychologyandbehavioraleconomicsshouldbetofindthekindoflimitationsonfreedomthatcanleadtothegreatestlevelofhappinesswithinsociety.(施瓦茨不認(rèn)為選擇的自由是無限的，而是主張心理學(xué)和行為經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的作用應(yīng)該是找到對自由的限制，從而在社會(huì)中獲得最大程度的幸福)”可知，施瓦茨建議人們限制自己的選擇。故選D。第二節(jié)（共5小題：每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Hobbiestotryin2024:releaseyourpassionDoyouwanttotryoutnewandexcitinghobbiesin2024?Weareheretoprovideyouwithavarietyofhobbiesthatwillinspireyourinterestandfreeyourcreativity.Releaseyourartisticsideandletyourimaginationsoarwithcreativehobbies.Forexample,paintingisagoodwaytoexpressemotionsandcreativity.Certainly,it’snottheonlyway____16____Itletsyouexplorevarioussubjects,fromlandscapestoportraitsandallowsyoutofreezemomentsinaflash.Socialhobbiesareworthexploringforthosewhoenjoymakingmeaningfulrelationships.Joiningabookcluballowsyoutodiscussliteraryworksandshareinsightwithfellowbookenthusiasts.Youcanalsomakeadifferenceinyourcommunitytoacauseyoucareabout.Volunteeringisn’tatimeconsumingtask____17____Ifyoulovetoembracetheunknown,adventuroushobbiesmightbeyourcalling.Experiencetheultimaterushasyoujumpoutofanairplaneandfreefallthroughthesky.____18____Besides,rockclimbingpushesyourlimitsandrewardsyouwithasenseofachievementwhenyoureachthesummit.____19____Forinstance,opendoorstonewculturesandbroadenyourhorizonsbylearninganewlanguage.Itnotonlyboostsyourcommunicationskillsbutalsofostersadeeperunderstandingofdifferentcustomsandtraditions.Oryoucanlearnaninstrumenttoenhancecognitiveabilitiesandbringjoythroughthepowerofmusic.Inconclusion,hobbiesareanessentialpartofourlives____20____So,goaheadandkickoffanexcitingjourneyofself-discovery!A.Youcanalsocapturetheworldthroughyourcameras.B.Skydivingprovidesanunparalleledsenseofgreatjoy.C.Languagelearningisahobbywhichcandefinitelybenefityou.D.Youcancreatebeautifulworksofartandfindcomfortintheprocess.E.Instead,itdoesothersafavorandprovidesasenseoffulfillmentaswell.F.Theyofferusanescapefromdailyroutineandachancetoexploreourpassions.G.Expandyourknowledgeandchallengeyourbrainswiththeeducationalhobbies.【答案】16.A17.E18.B19.G20.F【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一些不同種類的愛好，并解釋了這些愛好如何豐富我們的生活、提高我們的技能和理解能力。【16題詳解】根據(jù)空前的“Forexample,paintingisagoodwaytoexpressemotionsandcreativity.Certainly,it’snottheonlyway.(例如，繪畫是表達(dá)情感和創(chuàng)造力的好方法。當(dāng)然，這不是唯一的方法。)”可知，空處應(yīng)該是介紹了另一種表達(dá)情感和創(chuàng)造力的好方法。選項(xiàng)A“Youcanalsocapturetheworldthroughyourcameras.(你也可以用相機(jī)捕捉世界。)”指的是可以用相機(jī)表達(dá)情感和創(chuàng)造力。同時(shí)與空后的“Itletsyouexplorevarioussubjects,fromlandscapestoportraitsandallowsyoutofreezemomentsinaflash.(它可以讓你探索各種主題，從風(fēng)景到肖像，并允許你在閃光燈中凍結(jié)瞬間。)”中的“inaflash”保持一致。故選A?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)空前的“Youcanalsomakeadifferenceinyourcommunitytoacauseyoucareabout.Volunteeringisn’tatimeconsumingtask(你也可以為你所關(guān)心的事業(yè)在你的社區(qū)中發(fā)揮作用。志愿服務(wù)不是一項(xiàng)耗時(shí)的任務(wù))”可知，空前指的是我們可以從事志愿者活動(dòng)。選項(xiàng)E“Instead,itdoesothersafavorandprovidesasenseoffulfillmentaswell.(相反，它幫了別人的忙，也提供了一種成就感。)”是上文內(nèi)容的自然延續(xù)，指的是志愿服務(wù)不是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間，因?yàn)橹驹阜?wù)不僅可以幫助別人也給自己提供了成就感。故選E。【18題詳解】根據(jù)空前的“Experiencetheultimaterushasyoujumpoutofanairplaneandfreefallthroughthesky.(當(dāng)你從飛機(jī)上跳下來并在天空中自由落體時(shí)，體驗(yàn)終極沖刺。)”可知，空前指的是跳傘運(yùn)動(dòng)。選項(xiàng)B“Skydivingprovidesanunparalleledsenseofgreatjoy.(跳傘給人一種無與倫比的愉悅感。)”延續(xù)上文內(nèi)容，指的是跳傘可以給人一種無與倫比的愉悅感。故選B。【19題詳解】空處為段首句，為本段主要內(nèi)容。根據(jù)空后的“Forinstance,opendoorstonewculturesandbroadenyourhorizonsbylearninganewlanguage.Itnotonlyboostsyourcommunicationskillsbutalsofostersadeeperunderstandingofdifferentcustomsandtraditions.Oryoucanlearnaninstrumenttoenhancecognitiveabilitiesandbringjoythroughthepowerofmusic.(例如，通過學(xué)習(xí)一門新的語言，打開通往新文化的大門，拓寬你的視野。這不僅能提高你的溝通技巧，還能加深你對不同習(xí)俗和傳統(tǒng)的理解?；蛘吣憧梢詫W(xué)習(xí)一種樂器來增強(qiáng)認(rèn)知能力，并通過音樂的力量帶來快樂。)”可知，本段主要是建議我們可以學(xué)習(xí)一門語言或者一種樂器來拓寬我們的視野，增強(qiáng)我們的能力。選項(xiàng)G“Expandyourknowledgeandchallengeyourbrainswiththeeducationalhobbies.(通過教育性愛好拓展你的知識(shí)并挑戰(zhàn)你的大腦。)”與本段內(nèi)容相符，故選G。【20題詳解】根據(jù)空前“Inconclusion,hobbiesareanessentialpartofourlives(總之，愛好是我們生活中必不可少的一部分)”可知，空前講述的是愛好的重要性。選項(xiàng)F“Theyofferusanescapefromdailyroutineandachancetoexploreourpassions.(它們?yōu)槲覀兲峁┝艘粋€(gè)逃離日常生活的機(jī)會(huì)，讓我們有機(jī)會(huì)探索自己的激情。)”延續(xù)上文內(nèi)容，講述的仍然是愛好的好處。故選F。第三部分語言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題：每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Evenwhenyouhaveconfidenceinyourself,yourgoalswillsometimesseemoutofreach.Whenthathappens,getholdofthepeoplewho____21____youandyourgoalsanddon’tletgo!WhenIwasyounger,I____22____becauselifefeltsohard.Ihad____23____tobecomeateacherorabusinessadministrator.IknewIneededacollegedegree,butIhad____24____believinginmyself.Thenateacherinmyhighschool____25____me.Hetoldmethreethings:First,ifyoudon’tbelieveinyourself,itwillbe____26____togetanyoneelsetobelieveinyou.Second,neverletotherpeople’s____27____toseeyourbrilliancepreventyoufrombeingbrilliant.Andthird,despitelife’s____28____,sticktocreatingthefutureyouwant.Earlyinmy____29____,Iwasteachingaworkshopwhenapersonintheaudienceyelledouttome.HetoldmeIhad_____30_____madeajobchoiceandhadabrightfuture.This_____31_____feedback(反饋)cameatjusttherighttime,becausewhiletheaudiencedidn’tknowit,Iwas_____32_____self-doubt.Evennow,I_____33_____myselfthatIhaveabrightfuture.That’swhatItellmyselfwhenI_____34_____successandfailure.Youhaveabrightfutureahead.Thinkaboutthiseverysingleday.Rememberyourtalents,skills,andinterests.Explorethejobsthatinterestyou,andhavecourage—andmost_____35_____,believeinyourself.21.A.referto B.dependon C.learnfrom D.believein22.A.quit B.struggled C.regretted D.argued23.A.responsibilities B.dreams C.opport