初三英語語法總復習教案

一、名詞:

1、名詞的概念：名詞是指表示人、事物、地點或抽象概念的名稱的詞。

2、名詞的分類:專有名詞:China,Mike,English,theGreatWall...

普通名詞：可數(shù)名詞(有單、復數(shù)之分，在可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)之前要用a/an)table,life,tomato...

不可數(shù)名詞(無復數(shù)形式)food,duty,news,knowledge...

3、可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)的構成：

⑴一般情況是在名詞后加-s

⑵以s,x,sh,ch結尾的加-es

⑶以輔音字母+y結尾的，要變y為i再加?es,如:city—family-

以元音字母(人2,氏,丘。0,51)+丫結尾的，加-s,如：boy-

⑷以f/fe結尾的變f/fe為v再加-es,如：half-self—shelf-

leaf—knife-wife—life-

⑸以o結尾的，只有tomato和potato是加-es,其余的都加-s,如:photo-

radio—kilo—zero-zoo—

⑹特殊情況:man—woman—policeman-

Englishman—Frenchman-但：German-

child—foot—tooth—

⑺單、復同形:Chinese—Japanese-sheep-

(8)形式上是單數(shù)，實際上表復數(shù)概念：people,police

如:Thepeople/policeareworkinghard.

(9)有兩種形式的：fish作“魚”時，可數(shù)，其復數(shù)是fish或fishes

作“魚肉”時，不可數(shù)。

(10)復合名詞的復數(shù)形式：manplayer-menplayers,womandoctor-womendoctors,appletree—appletrees

4＞不可數(shù)名詞：無復數(shù)形式，不能與a/an或數(shù)詞連用，必須用acupof...,apieceof...,apairof...,some,much,somuch,

toomuch,little,alittle,alotof,lotsof...等表數(shù)量。也口：muchwork,alittlemoney,twobagsofrice...

注：一條褲子apairoftrousersis...Thetrousersare...

一雙襪子/鞋子apairofsocks/shoesis...Mynewshoesare...

一副眼鏡apairofglassesis...

數(shù)杯橘子汁glass型oforanges數(shù)張紙piecesofpaper

如果這些短語中需要用形容詞，形容詞應該放在冠詞后。

afullbottleofmilktenbigpiecesofpaper

如果…of短語后的名詞為可數(shù)名詞時，必須用復數(shù)。

abagofbooks'abasketofapplesaboxofpens

5>名詞的所有格：

⑴單數(shù)名詞的所有格：①加thestudent^sbook

②以s結尾的單詞，加，James：book

(2)復數(shù)名詞的所有格：①以s結尾的，加，thestudents!books

afewyear<timetwentyminutes^walk

②不以結尾的，加children^dollsmen2sshoes

(3)以and連接的：①共同擁有，共同一個衛(wèi)_LilyandLucy5sfatheris

②分別擁有，每個名詞后加2sLiLei'sandJim'sfathers

(4)無生命名詞的所有格：①表時間、距離、重量、世界、國家、城鎮(zhèn)等的加工或￡

anhour'swalk,tenminutes,talk,China'scapital,(in)today'snewspaper

world'spopulation

②用of短語。(語序與漢語不一致)

apictureofmyfamily,theclassroomofourschool,teachersofClass1

(5)雙重所有格：afriendofmybrother'sanewphotoofmine

anoldfriendofKate'ssomeflowersofhers

thenameofhercat

（6）表“在……辦公室”“在……店/家”的名詞所有格后面的名詞常省去:

atthedoctor2sinUncleWang2sintheteachers1

二、代詞:

⑴人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞

第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱

單數(shù)復數(shù)單、復一樣單數(shù)復數(shù)

人稱主格Iweyouhe/she/itthey

代詞賓格meusyouhim/her/itthem

物主形容詞性myouryourhis/her/itstheir

物主代詞

代詞名詞性物mineoursyourshis/hers/itstheirs

主代詞

反身myselfourselvesyourselfhimselfthemselves

代詞yourselvesherself/itself

注：1）主格作主語，放在句首。如果主語是幾個并列代詞時，You最前，I最后（你在前，我在后）。如：You,heandI

are...但在表抱歉的句子中，I放在前，如：Sorry,IandLiLeibroketheglasses.

2）賓格作賓語，放在動詞、介詞后。放在動、副短語的之間。如：Theseareyourthings.Pleaseputthemaway.

3）形容詞性物主代詞后必須加名詞。

4）名詞性物主代詞后不能加名詞，但相當于形容詞性物主代詞+名詞。如：mybook=minehisbook=hisher

book=hers

5）反身代詞于動詞、介詞后作賓語。如：SheteachesherselfEnglish.

ShelearnsEnglishbyherself.

于句末加強語氣，“親自”。如：You'llseeityourself.

于主語后作同位語。如：Hehimselfdidit.

于固定短語中。如：enjoyoneself=haveagoodtime=playhappily

bealone=allbyoneself

teachoneselfsth.=learnsth.（all）byoneself

leavesb.byoneself

helponeselftosth.

⑵指示代詞：近指thist復these

遠指thatT復those

注：1）打電話時用Ihis代替自己，Ihat代替對方。

如：Hello!Thisis....Isthat...speaking?

2）that/those可以用來代替前面提到過的人或物。

如:Thisstoryismoreinterestingthanthatone.

⑶疑問代詞、連接代詞、關系代詞：

指人：who（主語）whom（賓語）whose（誰的）

指物：whatwho's（誰是）

指人/物：which

注：1）ThebagonthedeskisLucy's,tWhoseisthebagonthedesk?

Lucy'sbagisonthedesk.—Whosebagisonthedesk?

2）What也可對人的職業(yè)、身份提問：Whatdoyoudo?=Whatareyou?

Whatdoesshedo?=Whatisshe?

3）對某人的身高胖瘦提問用What:Heisthinandtall.

Whatishelike?

⑷不定代詞:

①some用于肯定句和表請求、征求意見的疑問句，如：Couldyougivemesome...?

Wouldyoulikesome...?

Whydon'tyougivehimsome...?

any用于否定句、疑問句、條件句,如：Ifyouhaveanyquestiontoask,youwillcallme.

注:something/somebody/someoneanything/anybody/anyone用法類似。

②one…theother…（一個???另一個??,）

0—0兩者中一個…，另一個…

one...theothers…（一個…其余的…）

0-0000多數(shù)中的一個…，余下的全部…

some...theothers（一些…其余的…）

00—0000一些…，余下的全部…

some...others（一些???另一些???）

00—0000—000——些…，余下的中的一部分…

another（另一個，又一個）O—OTOT一個一個地連接，后+名單或few/數(shù)字+名復，如：anothercakeanothertwo

cakes=twomorecakes

注：1）theother和other后可加名詞

2）theothers和others后不加名詞

3）theother/theothers表特定范圍內除去一部分后余下的全部。

4）other/others表除去一部分后的另一些，但不是余下的全部。

③each強調個體，+名單（謂動：單）兩個或兩個以上的每一個。

eachof+名復（謂動:單）

如:Eachwomanhasabook.=Eachofthewomenhasabook,

every強調整體，+名單（謂動：單）三個或三個以上的每一個Everyboylikes...

但Everyofx

注：1）Eachofushasaroom.=Wehavearoomeach.

2）eachother兩者互相，于動詞后，如：helpeachotherunderstandeachother

eachother的所有格eachother9s,4口:Theyfilledeachother'sstockingswithpresents.

P.3

3）當each放在主語后時，謂動（復），如：Weeachhaveabookonthedesk.

4）oneeach每人一個

@both兩者都T否：neither兩者都不+名單Neithersentenceisright.

all三者以上全都T否：none三者以上全都不

bothof（謂動：復）Bothoftheanswersareright.

neitherof（乞胃動：單）Neitheroftheanswersiswrong.

BothAandB（謂動：復）A和B都BothyouandIareteachers.

NeitherAnorB（就近一致）A和B都不NeitheryounorIamastudent.

注：1）either兩個人或物中的任何一個，如：Therearesomeflowersoneithersideoftheriver.=Therearesomeflowersonboth

sidesoftheriver.

2）either表“也”時，于否定句，：如：Hedoesn'tlikeit.Shedoesn'tlikeit,either.

3）EitherAorB（就近一致）或者A…或者B…，不是A…就是B…

EithertheyorLilyknowsthegoodnews.

4）倒裝句中：Shelikesapples,andsodoeshe.

Ifyouwon'tgo,neither/norwillI.

⑤one代指單數(shù)的人或物Theappleisbiggerthanthatone.

ones代指復數(shù)的人或物Theapplesarebiggerthanthoseones.

注：it與oneit代指前面提到過的單數(shù)的東西，復數(shù)用them。如：Ican'tfindmypen.Haveyouseenitanywhere?指同一樣

東西。

one代指前面提到過的那一類的單數(shù)的東西,復數(shù)用ones。如：Fvelostmypen.Iwanttobuyanewone.同類不

同物。

⑥alotof=lotsof=plentyof十名復或不可數(shù)名詞=many+名復或much+不可數(shù)名詞

用于肯定句用于否、疑句

如:Shepickedalotoforanges,tShedidn'tpickmanyoranges.

⑦toomuch與toomanysomuch與somany

⑧some,any,no,every可與one,body,thing構成合成不定代詞，

1）這些詞作主語時看作三單。Nobodyishere.Everyoneinourclasslikes...

2）放在形容詞之前。somethingimportant,nothingdelicious,somethingnice

指人somebodysomeone指物something

anybodyanyoneanything

everybodyeveryoneeverything

nobodynoonenothing

注:Iseveryoneheretoday?Yes,weare.

⑨fewlittle

afewalittle

三、數(shù)詞和冠詞：

1、數(shù)詞：基數(shù)詞（表數(shù)目）：172單獨記，1379加teen,整十加ty,幾十幾之間加一,hundred后加and.

序數(shù)詞（表順序）:基+thT序

注：1）基數(shù)詞變序數(shù)詞口訣：基變序，有規(guī)律，詞尾加上th,一、二、三，特殊記，詞尾字母t和d,（first,second,third）

八減t,九去e,f來把ve替，（eighth,ninth,fifth,twelfth）單詞ty作結尾，要把y來變ie,（twenty—twentieth）

若是遇到幾十幾，只變末位就可以。（thirty-first）

2）分數(shù)表達法：基/序，分子大于1時分母+s。1/5-onefifth2/5-twofifths

兩種表達法：1/2:ahalf或onesecond1/4:aquarter或onefourth3/4:threequarters或threefourths

3）對東西的數(shù)量提問用Howmany+名復…？如：ThereisonlyQbirdinthetree.THowmanybirdsarethereinthetree?

4）對不可數(shù)名詞的量提問用Howmuch+不可數(shù)名詞…？如：Thereisalittlemilkinthebottle.THowmuchmilkisthere

5）對人口的數(shù)量提問用What…？如：ThepopulationofChinais120,000.000.TWhatisthepopulationofChina?

6）對星期和節(jié)日提問用Whatday…？如：YesterdaywasWomen'sDay/Friday.—Whatdaywasyesterday?

7）對日期提問用Whatis/wasthedate...?如：LastSundaywasMarch3rd.TWhatwasthedatelastSunday?

8）hundred,thousand,million,billion在表示具體數(shù)時，不用復數(shù)，如：threemillion.在表概（數(shù)時用復數(shù)+of短語，如：thousands

of,manythousandsof

9）第6課：LessonSix=thesixthlesson405房間：Room405

10）A加B是多少：Whatisfourand/plusseven?It'seleven.

11）序數(shù)詞的前面一般必須加the,但以下情況不用：

①表“又一”時，如：Therearethreeflowers,butshewantsafourthone.

②序數(shù)詞前有形容詞性物主代詞時，如：Thisismyfifteenthbirthday.③序數(shù)詞作表語時，如:Whowasfirstinthehighjump?

Heisalwaysthefirstonetocometotheschool.Iamthesecondonetogetupinmyfamily.

特別記憶：one-firsttwo-secondthree-thirdfour-fourteen-forty

five-fifteen-fifty-fifthnine-nineteen-ninety-ninthtwelve-twelfthtwenty-twentieth

2、冠詞（a,an,the）冠詞放在名詞前：aninvention,ausefulinvention

①不定冠詞a/an:表泛指，用于不限定的可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)前，a用于輔音前，an用于元音前。Thereisa"u"andan"s"in

theword"bus”.Heisaneight-year-oldboy.（aneighteen-year-old,aneighty-year-old,aneleven-year-old）

②定冠詞the:表特指，用于特定的單、復數(shù)名詞前。theearth

③定冠詞the的用法：1）特指某人或物:Theshirtonthetableishis?2）說話雙方都知道的人或物:Whereisthecoat?—It's

behindthechair.3）上文提到過的人或物：Ihaveacat,thecatlikesplayingwithballs4）世上獨一無二的東西：Theseais

blue.5）用在序數(shù)詞和形容詞最高級前面：thehealthieststudent6）固定短語中：ontheothersideof...atthebusstopthe

numberof...7）由普通名詞構成的專有名詞前：theChangjiangRiver8）用在姓的復數(shù)形式前表某一家人：TheGreensare

watchingfootballmatch.9）用在某些形容詞前表某一類人：Wushouldhelptheblind.

④不用冠詞的情況：

1）專有名詞和不可數(shù)名詞前不用：America,Australia,porridge...

2）名詞前已有this,that,my,our,your,his,herits,some,any,whose,no,each,every等詞時不用：Thisisourfirst

lesson.Everyboyhasaworkbook.

3）星期、月份、季節(jié)、節(jié)日前不用：onSundaymorning,inspring,Teachers9Day,Children'sDayWomen'sDay

Mid-AutumnDay

4）稱呼、學科、三餐、球類運動前不用：aftersupperplayvolleyballMr.Wang（琴類前要用theplaythepiano）

5）某些固定短語中不用：athomebybusinbedontimeattimes

注：表類別1）a/an+名單Ahouseisausefulanimal.Amooncakeisaroundcake.2）the+名單Thehouseisauseful

animal.3）名復Housesareusefulanimals.

四、形容詞和副詞：

形容詞①修飾名詞，放在名詞前。animportantthing②修飾不定代詞，放在不定代詞后。somethinginterestingtoread

③于系動詞后，作表語。bebeautifullookhappyfeellonelybecomeangry

副詞：修飾動詞、形容詞、其他副詞或句子。Maybeheknowsthegoodnews.

1、形容詞、副詞比較等級的構成：

①單音節(jié)、雙音節(jié)詞：

1）一般情況+er,est:quick-quicker-quickesthealthy-

2）以結尾的+r,st:nice-nicer-nicestfine-finer-finest

3）以輔音字母+y的，變y為i+er,est:healthy-healthier-healthiest

4）雙寫，再+er,est的：big,red,fat,thin,hot,wet,sad

②多音節(jié)詞和部分雙音節(jié)詞，在單詞前+more,most:

slowly-moreslowly-mostslowlyquickly-morequickly-mostquickly

tired-moretired-mosttiredoften-oftener/moreoften-oftenest/mostoften

③不規(guī)則變化：

good/well-better-bestlittle-less-least

bad/badly/ill-worse-worstmany/much-more-most

far-farther-farthestold-older-oldest年齡大小

-further-furthest-elder-eldest家庭成員的長幼

2、比較級句型：（兩者相比，用than表達）

A比B…A…+比較級thanB

A比B…得多A...+much+比較級thanB（much+比較級：…得多）

如:①Thecakeisbiggerthanthatone.

Thecakeismoredeliciousthanthatone.

②Igetupearlierthanmyfathereveryday.

③Theseproblemsaremucheasierthanthoseones.

TheseproblemsismuchmorebnDortcMthanthoseones.

注：1）比較級前可加much,alittle,even,still等，如：Sheisevenslowerthanbefore.

Shefelteven/muchworse.

2）比較級+and+比較級（越來越…），如：Daysgetlongerandlongerinsummer.

Ourcityisbecomingmoreandmorebeautiful.

3）the+比較級...，the+比較級…（越…越…），如：Thebusierheis?thehappierhefeels.

Themorehereadsthebook,thebetterheunderstandit.

4）the+比較級ofthetwo（兩者中較…的），如：Heisthetallerofthetwoboys.

=Heistallerthantheotherone.

3、最高級句型：（三者以上，用of短語或in短語表達）

A是…中最…的：A...+（the）+最高級+of/in短語

注：l）in表場所或范圍，如：inourclass,intheirfactory...

of與名復、代詞或表具體數(shù)量的詞連用，如:ofus,ofall,ofthethree...

2）形容詞最高級前必須加Ihe,而副詞最高級前則可不加。

如:Annistheyoungestinherfamily.

Tomdoeseverythingmostcarefullyofthefive.

4、同級比較：（用as...as或notas/so...as句型）

①A與B一樣…A…+as+形、副原形+as

②A與B不一樣…/A不如B…A…+as+形、副原形+as

5、同義句轉換：

①變成否定句：

如：A比B高。二B沒有A高。AistallerthanB.=Bisn'ttallerthanA.

②變成反義詞：（A與B交換位置）

如：A比B高。二B比A矮。AistallerthanB.=BisshorterthanA.

③將more+形、副原形與less+形、副原形互換：（A與B交換位置）

4口：AismoreinterestingthanB.=BislessinterestingthanA.

④比較級與最高級的互換：A是…中最…。=A比其他任何一個都…

如:Chineseisthemostusefulsubject.

=Chineseismoreusefulthananyothersubject,（thananyother+名單）

=Chineseismoreusefulthantheothersubjects,（thantheother十名復）

=Chineseismoreusefulthantheothers,（theothers=theother十名復）

Hejumpshighestinourclass.

=Hejumpshigherthananyotherstudentinourclass.

=Hejumpshigherthantheotherstudentsinourclass.

=Hejumpshigherthantheothersinourclass.

注：1）ShanghaiisbiggerthananyothercityinChina.

ShanghaiisbiggerthananycityintheUSA.

2）Tomstudiesharderthananyotherstudentinhisclass.

Thefatherworksharderthananyworkerinthefactory.

⑤A和B都…=A與B一樣…

V口:AandBarebothveryimportant.=AisasimportantasB.

6、形容詞、副詞的反義詞：

7、形容詞、副詞的互換：

①一般情況在詞尾+ly,如：quick-quicklyslow-slowlycareful-carefully

②以y結尾的，變y為i+ly,如：happy-happilyeasy-easily

③以e結尾的：polite-politelysafe-safely但：true-trulypossible-possibly

④特殊的：good-well

⑤形、副同形的：early,fast,straight,hard...

⑥頻度副詞always,sometimes,often,usually,never等放在be動詞、情態(tài)動詞、助動詞之后，實義動詞之前。

⑦程度副詞very,so,too,quite,rather后+形、副原形，enough用于名前形、副后。

⑧副詞home,here,there之前不能加the,也口:thewaytothehospital,onone'swayhomegettothefactory,getthere

?also,too與eitherso與neither/nor

⑩already,yet與ever

五、介詞：

1）表時間的介詞：

in表某年、月、星期、季節(jié)：in2002,inJanuary,inaweek,inautumn

固定短語:inthemorning,intheafternoon,intheevening,intheend...

on表某一天或某一天的某部分：onWomen'sDay,onAugust,3rd,

onMondaymorning,onthefifthday,onacoldevening

ontheeveningofSeptember,22nd...

固定短語：ontime…sth.is/areonthebed

at表某一時亥I:atseveno'clock,atthattime,

固定短語:atfirst,atlast,atnight,atnoon,attheendof...

for表時間段：fbrtwomonths,foramoment,foralongtime...

before在???之前：beforebreakfast,beforewashing,beforetwelveo?clock

after在???之后：afterlunch,afterrunning,thedayaftertomorrow,aftereight

from...to...從???至4…fromTuesdaytoSaturday,frommorningtoevening,

fromninetoeleven

betweert..and…在?一之間betweennineandeleven

past表超過某時刻（半小時前）：halfpastfive,twenty-threepastten

to表時間到某時刻差多少：twelvetotwelve,thirteentonine

2）表方位的介詞：

in在…內，在大地方：inthegag,inbed,inBeijing,inatown...

?？谠???上（面上、線上、點上）：ontheearth,ontheleft,onthehill,onafarm,

onone'swaytoschool...

ra在.?范圍內on?~|相鄰

to□□兩地不相鄰

XTaiwanisthesoutheastofChina,andit'stheeastofFujian.

SichuanisthenorthofYunnan.

at在???小地方：atthebusstop,atthefootofthehill,attheschoolgate,

attheendoftheroad,standatthestartingline/atthesideoftheroad

beside在?,,旁邊：besidethehouse

near在???附近：nearthewindow,neartosb.=nexttosb.

behind在???后面：behindthechair,behindme

under在???下面：underthetable

outside在???夕卜者F：（反：inside）outsidetheschoolgate,insidethepark

into孑旨進入???go/comeintotheroom,sendupintothesky,runintotheforest

up向上：putupthemap,lookupthestarts

down向下，順著?一下去：dodownthestreet

infrontof在???前面：infrontme,（abigtree）infrontofmyhouse

inthefrontof在…前部：（thebus-driver）inthefrontofthebus,

（theteachers）inthefrontoftheclassroom

onthetree在樹上（本身長在樹上的東西）

inthetree在樹上（外來物飛、落到樹上）

onthewall在墻上（貼在墻上）

inthewall在墻上（鑲嵌在墻上）Therearetwodoorsinthewallofourclassroom,

across橫過，橫跨，從點上、面上過，通常指過街、河、橋、馬路。

動i司+across=crossgoacrossthestreet/river/bridge/road

through穿過，從物體內部穿過，通常指穿過森林，光、空氣等透過窗、門洞。

Gothroughtheforest.Thelight/Thecoldairgoesthroughthedoor.

Thesunshinedoesthroughthewindow.

between兩者之間，通常構成between...and...:betweenChengduandChongqing

ShesitsbetweenJimandme.

among三者以上的之間:Weliveamongtheair.Hebuiltahouseamongthetrees.

LeiFengalwayslivesamongus.

on在…上，兩物體接觸。Putyoureraseronyourdesk.

over在…的垂直上方：Thereisabridgeovertheriver.

above在,??上方：Theplanewasflyingabovetheclouds.

3）表方式和其他的介詞：

by表方式，后直接+交通工具。bybus,byplane,byspaceship,bysatellite...

=in/on+冠詞或代詞+交通工具。ona/thebus,ontheboat,inhiscar...

inHecansingthenewsonginEnglish.

with①表伴隨，在一起，擁有等：withhisfamily,withaboxunderhisarm,

withthesewords,aboywiththenameofBill,withone'shelp...

②表手段或方法：Thepictureisdrawnwithapen.=inpen

Icanfinishthehardworkeasilywithyourhelp.

without無，沒有，with的反義詞：withoutone\help

Icouldn'tfinishmyhomeworkwithoutyourhelp.

=Icouldn'tfinishmyhomeworkifyoudidn'thelpme.

Wecan'tlivewithoutairorwater.=wecan'tliveifthereisnoairorwater.

about與onThereisastoryaboutthepoorgirl.

IhaveanewbookonEnglishstudy.

on表方式，通過。Whenmyfatherwasyoung,healwayslearnedEnglishontheradio.

TheinterestingplaysareonChannelOne.

Exercises:1.Thelittleboyiswritingapencil.

2.LucycansingthesongJapanese.

3.Heusuallycomestoschoolbus.

4.Hecametoschoolwithhisfriendabus.

5.Mr.Whitegoestoworkhisowncar.

6.Wearecomingbackafewhours.

7.Myparentsaregoingbacknineo'clock.

8.TheforeignersvisitedourschoolthemorningofMay20th,2000.

9.WhatdoyouoftendoSundayevening?

10.Thelifttakeshimup/downthetwelfthfloor.

11.Jimlivesthefifteenfloor.

12.Sheisillbed.13.Whoseclothesarethesethebed.

14.Whatdoyouthink__thefilm?—Verygood.

15.WhatdoyoulikeChina?----Thepeopleandthefood.

六、連詞：

1>并列連詞：and表并列。but但是，表轉折。or否則so因此，那么

2、從屬連詞:that,if,whether,who,whom,whose,what,whatcolour,when,while,where,which,why,how,howold,howmany,

howmuch,howlong,howsoon,

howoften,before,after,until,till,assoonas,if,because,so,though,since

七、動詞：

1>動詞的種類：1）連系動詞：be,look,sound,smell,feel,become,get,turn,go

2）情態(tài)動詞：can/could,may/might,must,need,haveto,shall,will

3）助動詞：do,does一般現(xiàn)在時中did一般過去時中

shall,will一般將來時中should,would過去將來時中

have,has現(xiàn)在完成時中had過去完成時中

4）行為/實義動詞：run,jump,sing,watch,speak...

注：1）連系動詞+形容詞作表語。

如：Howhappyhefeels!Howhappilyhelives!

形容詞系動詞副詞動詞

2）情態(tài)動詞后+動詞原形，如：Youmustgotoschooltomorrow.

can（could）表能力：能，會Icanhelpmyparentswithhousework.

表請求，允許：可以Can/CouldIaskyouaquestion?

--Yes,ofcourseyoucan.

當表示允許某人做某事時，用can回答。CouldIborrowyourbike?

…Yes,youcan.

could是can的過去式，也可表示語氣比can更委婉。

如:Whenhewasfiveyearsold,hecouldswimwell.

=Whenhewasattheageoffive,hecouldswimwell.

Couldyouhelpmecarrytheheavebox?一一Certainly.

Canyou...?-Yes,Ican./No,Ican't.

can與beableto:

在表能力時，can的過去時態(tài)為could。要表其他時態(tài)時，用beableto,

即：can=am/is/areableto+動原could=was/wereableto+動原

Wecanseeitclearly.=Weareabletoseeitclearly.

Shecoulddoansmalloperation.=Shewasabletodoansmalloperation.

將來時中：Theyaregoing2beabletofinishthebuildinginayear.

=Theywillbeabletofinishthebuildinginayear.

may（might）表可能性：可能，也許Hemayberight.=Maybeheisright.

Hemayknowit.=Maybeheknowsit.

表許可：可以MayIgonow?一Yes,ofcourse.

MayI...?--Yes,ofcourse./No,youmustn't./No,youcan't.

must表義務、命令：必須，應當，務必。（由主觀原因決定）

々口:Youmustfinishyourhomeworkfirst.

表猜測：一定是，否定句中用can't。ThatmustbeLingFeng.

-Thatcan'tbeLingFeng.

Theroadiswet,itmustrainjustnow.

mustn't表禁止，不允許：不準，不可以Youmustn^pickflowersinthepark.

MustI...?—Yes,youmust./No,youneedn't.(不必)

haveto不得不，由客觀原因決定

也口:Motherisill,Ihavetostayathomeandlookafterher.

shall(shou