高中化學(xué)方程式總結(jié)(高考)

高中化學(xué)方程式總結(jié)第一部分金屬一、堿金屬1.鈉Na4Na+O2＝2Na2O2Na+O2Na2O2Cl2+2Na2NaCl2Na+S＝Na2S（爆炸）2Na+2H2O＝2NaOH+H2↑2Na+H22NaH2Na+2NH3＝2NaNH2+H24Na+TiCl4(熔融)＝4NaCl+TiNa2ONa2O+H2O＝2NaOH2Na2O+O22Na2O2Na2O+SO3＝Na2SO4Na2O+CO2＝Na2CO3Na2O+2HCl＝2NaCl+H2ONa2O2+2Na＝2Na2O（此反應(yīng)用于制備Na2O）2Na2O2+2H2O＝4NaOH+O2↑(此反應(yīng)分兩步Na2O2+2H2O＝2NaOH+H2O2；2H2O2＝2H2O+O2↑。H2O2的制備可利用類似的反應(yīng))2Na2O2+2CO2＝2Na2CO3+O2Na2O2+H2SO4(冷、稀)＝Na2SO4+H2O2NaHNaH+H2O＝NaOH+H2↑NaOH2NaOH+Si+H2O＝Na2SiO3+2H2↑6NaOH+3S2Na2S+Na2SO3+3H2O2NaOH+2Al+2H2O＝2NaAlO2+3H2↑2NaOH(過量)+CO2＝Na2CO3+H2ONaOH+CO2(過量)＝NaHCO32NaOH+SiO2＝Na2SiO3+H2O（常溫下強(qiáng)堿緩慢腐蝕玻璃）2NaOH+Al2O3＝2NaAlO2+H2O2NaOH+Cl2＝NaCl+NaClO+H2ONaOH+HCl＝NaCl+H2ONaOH+H2S(足量)＝NaHS+H2O2NaOH+H2S(少量)＝Na2S+2H2O3NaOH+AlCl3＝Al(OH)3↓+3NaClNaOH+Al(OH)3＝NaAlO2+2H2ONaOH+NH4ClNaCl+NH3↑+H2O

2NaOH+P2O5＝2NaPO3+H2O6NaOH+P2O5＝2Na3PO3+3H2ONaAlO22NaAlO2+CO2+3H2O＝2Al(OH)3↓+Na2CO33NaAlO2+AlCl3+6H2O＝4Al(OH)3↓NaCl、NaClO、NaBr、NaINaCl+H2SO4(濃)NaHSO4+HCl↑H2SO4(濃)+2NaClNa2SO4+2HCl2NaI+Cl2＝2NaCl+I2NaBr+H3PO4(濃)＝NaH2PO4+HBrNaI+H3PO4(濃)＝NaH2PO4+HINa2CO3、NaHCO3Na2CO3+SiO2Na2SiO3+CO2Na2CO3+HCl＝NaHCO3+NaClNaHCO3+HCl＝NaCl+H2O+CO23Na2CO3+2AlCl3+3H2O＝2Al(OH)3↓+3CO2↑+6NaCl3Na2CO3+2FeCl3+3H2O＝2Fe(OH)3↓+3CO2↑+6NaCl3NaHCO3+AlCl3＝Al(OH)3↓+3CO2↑3NaHCO3+FeCl3＝Fe(OH)3↓+3CO2↑NaHCO3+HCl＝NaCl+CO2↑+H2O2NaHCO3Na2CO3+CO2↑+H2O3Na2CO3+2Br2+H2O＝2NaHCO3+2NaBrO+2NaBr+CO2↑NaHCO3+Br2＝NaBr+HBrO+CO2↑NaNO3、NaNO22NaNO32NaNO2+O2↑H2SO4(濃)+NaNO3NaHSO4+HNO3↑KClO3+6HCl=KCl+3Cl2↑+3H2ONaNO2+NH4Cl＝NaCl+N2↑+2H2ONa3PO4、NaH2PO4、Na2HPO4Na3PO4+HCl＝Na2HPO4+NaClNa2HPO4+HCl＝NaH2PO4+NaClNaH2PO4+HCl＝H3PO4+NaClNa2S、NaHSNa2S+Cl2＝2NaCl+S↓3Na2S+8HNO3(稀)＝6NaNO3+2NO+3S↓+4H2O3Na2S+Al2(SO4)3+6H2O＝2Al(OH)3↓+3H2S↑Na2SO4、Na2SO3、Na2S2O33Na2SO3+2HNO3(稀)＝3Na2SO4+2NO↑+H2O2Na2SO3+O2＝2Na2SO4Na2S2O3+H2SO4＝Na2SO4+S+SO2+H2ONa2SO3+SO2+H2O＝2NaHSO32NaHSO3Na2SO3+SO2↑+H2ONa2SiO3Na2SiO3+2HCl＝H2SiO3↓+2NaClC6H5ONaC6H5ONa+CO2+H2O＝C6H5OH+NaHCO32.鉀KK+O2KO22K+2H2O＝2KOH+H2↑K2O、K2O2K2O+H2O＝2KOHK2O+CO2＝K2CO32K2O2+2CO2＝K2CO3+O22K2O2+2H2O＝4KOH+O2KOH2KOH+CO2＝K2CO3+H2OKOH+CO2＝KHCO3K2CO3K2CO3+2HCl＝2KCl+CO2↑+H2OK2CO3+CaCl2＝CaCO3↓+2KCK2CO3+2AgNO3＝Ag2CO3↓+2KNO3KHCO3KHCO3+HCl＝KCl+CO2↑+H2O2KHCO3K2CO3+CO2↑+H2OKClO32KClO32KCl+3O2↑KClO3+6HCl＝KCl+3Cl2↑+3H2OKClO3+5KCl+3H2SO4＝3Cl2↑+3K2SO4+3H2OKI2KI+Cl2＝2KCl+I2KI+AgNO3＝AgI↓+KNO3KAl(SO4)22KAl(SO4)2+6NaOH＝K2SO4+3Na2SO4+2Al(OH)3↓2KAl(SO4)2+3Ba(OH)2＝K2SO4+3BaSO4↓+2Al(OH)3↓KAl(SO4)2+2Ba(OH)2＝KAlO2+2BaSO4↓KSCN3KSCN+FeCl3＝Fe(SCN)3+3KClKHKH+H2O＝KOH+H2↑3.鋰LiLi+O2Li2O2Li+2H2O＝2LiOH+H2↑Li2OLi2O+CO2＝Li2CO3Li2O+H2O＝2LiOHLiOH2LiOH+CO2＝Li2CO3↓+H2OLiOH+CO2＝LiHCO3Li2CO3Li2CO3+2HCl＝2LiCl+CO2↑+H2OLiHCO3LiHCO3+HCl＝LiCl+CO2↑+H2O2LiHCO3Li2CO3+CO2↑+H2O二、常見金屬1.鎂Mg2Mg+O22MgOMg+2H2O＝2Mg(OH)2↓+H2↑Mg+Cl2MgCl22Mg+CO22MgO+CMg+S＝MgSMg+Br2＝MgBr23Mg+N2＝Mg3N2Mg+2HCl＝MgCl2+H2↑Mg+H2SO4＝MgSO4+H2↑2Mg+TiCl4(熔融)＝Ti+2MgCl2Mg+2RbCl(熔融)＝MgCl2+2RbMgOMgO+2HCl＝MgCl2+H2OMgO+H2O＝Mg(OH)2↓Mg(OH)2Mg(OH)2+2HCl＝MgCl2+2H2OMgCO3MgCO3+2HCl＝2MgCl2+CO2↑+H2OMgCO3+2H2OMg(OH)2↓+CO2↑MgCO3CO2↑+MgOMg(HCO3)2Mg(HCO3)2+2HCl＝MgCl2+2CO2↑+2H2O2Mg(HCO3)2Mg(OH)2↓+CO2↑+H2OMgSO4MgSO4+Ba(OH)2＝Mg(OH)2↓+BaSO4↓MgSO4+2NaOH＝Mg(OH)2↓+Na2SO4↓Mg3N2Mg3N2+8H2O＝3Mg(OH)2+2NH3·H2O2.鋁AlAl+3O22Al2O32Al+3SAl2S32Al+3Cl22AlCl34Al+3MnO22Al2O3+3Mn2Al+Cr2O3Al2O3+2Cr2Al+Fe2O3Al2O3+2Fe（鋁熱反應(yīng)）2Al+3FeOAl2O3+3Fe2Al+6HCl＝2AlCl3+3H2↑2Al+3H2SO4＝Al2(SO4)3+3H2↑2Al+6H2SO4(濃)Al2(SO4)3+3SO2↑+6H2OAl+4HNO3(稀)＝Al(NO3)3+NO↑+2H2O（Al、Fe在冷、濃的H2SO4、HNO3中鈍化）2Al+2NaOH+2H2O＝2NaAlO2+3H2↑Al2O3、Al(OH)3Al2O3+3H2SO4＝Al2(SO4)3+3H2O（Al2O3是兩性氧化物）Al2O3+2NaOH＝2NaAlO2+H2O2Al(OH)3Al2O3+3H2OAl(OH)3+3HCl＝AlCl3+3H2O2Al(OH)3+3H2SO4＝Al2(SO4)3+6H2OAl(OH)3+NaOH＝NaAlO2+2H2O鋁鹽AlCl3+3NaOH＝Al(OH)3↓+3NaClAlCl3+3NH3·H2O＝Al(OH)3↓+3NH4Cl2AlCl3+3Na2CO3+3H2O＝2Al(OH)3↓+3CO2↑+6NaClAlCl3+3NaHCO3＝Al(OH)3↓+3CO2↑AlCl3+3NaAlO2+6H2O＝4Al(OH)3↓Al2(SO4)3+3Na2S+6H2O＝2Al(OH)3↓+3H2S↑Al4C3+12H2O＝4Al(OH)3↓+3CH4↑3.鐵Fe2Fe+3Cl22FeCl33Fe+2O2Fe3O4Fe+S2Fe+3Br2＝2FeBr3Fe+I2FeI2Fe+S3Fe+4H2O(g)Fe3O4+4H2Fe+2HCl＝FeCl2+H2↑Fe+CuCl2＝FeCl2+CuFe+SnCl4＝FeCl2+SnCl2Fe+H2S＝FeS+H2↑2Fe+6H2SO4(濃)＝Fe2(SO4)3+3SO2↑+6H2OFe+H2SO4(稀)＝FeSO4+H2↑Fe+6HNO3＝Fe(NO3)3+3NO2↑+3H2OFe+4HNO3＝Fe(NO3)3+NO↑+2H2O8Fe+30HNO3＝8Fe(NO3)3+3N2O↑+15H2O10Fe+36HNO3＝10Fe(NO3)3+3N2↑+18H2O8Fe+30HNO3＝8Fe(NO3)3+3NH4NO3+9H2OFe+(CH3COO)2Cu＝Cu+(CH3COO)2FeFeO3FeO+2AlAl2O3+3Fe6FeO+O22Fe3O4FeO+4HNO3＝Fe(NO3)3+NO2↑+2H2OFe2O3Fe2O3+2AlAl2O3+2FeFe2O3+3CO2Fe+3CO2Fe2O3+3H2＝2Fe+3H2O（制還原鐵粉）Fe2O3+6HCl＝2FeCl3+3H2OFe3O4Fe3O4+4H23Fe+4H2OFe3O4+8HCl(濃)FeCl2+2FeCl3+4H2OFe(OH)2、Fe(OH)34Fe(OH)2+O2+2H2O＝4Fe(OH)32Fe(OH)3Fe2O3+3H2OFeCl22FeCl2+Cl2＝2FeCl3FeCl2+Mg＝Fe+MgCl2FeCl32FeCl3+Fe＝3FeCl22FeCl3+Cu＝2FeCl2+CuCl2（用于雕刻印刷電路板）2FeCl3+H2SO3+H2O＝H2SO4+2FeCl2+2HCl2FeCl3+Zn＝2FeCl2+ZnCl22FeCl3+H2S＝2FeCl2+2HCl+S↓2FeCl3+2KI＝2FeCl2+2KCl+I2FeCl3+3NH3·H2O＝Fe(OH)3↓+3NH4Cl2FeCl3+3Na2CO3+3H2O＝2Fe(OH)3↓+3CO2↑+6NaClFeCl3+3NaHCO3＝Fe(OH)3↓+3CO2↑2FeCl3+SO2+2H2O＝2FeCl2+H2SO4+2HClBaCl2+H2SO4＝BaSO4↓+2HCl

FeCl3+3KSCN＝Fe(SCN)3+3KClFeSFeS+2HCl＝FeCl2+H2S↑FeS+H2SO4＝FeSO4+H2S↑4FeS2+11O2＝2Fe2O2+8SO2H2FeO44H2FeO4+2H2O＝4Fe(OH)3+3O2↑4Na2FeO4+10H2O＝4Fe(OH)3+3O2↑+8NaOH2Fe(OH)3+3NaClO+4NaOH＝2Na2FeO4+3NaCl+5H2OFe2O3+3Na2O2＝2Na2FeO4+Na2O其它Fe化合物Fe2(SO4)3+2Ag＝FeSO4+Ag2SO4（較難反應(yīng)）Fe3C+22HNO3＝3Fe(NO3)3+CO2+13NO2+11H2O三、其他金屬1.錳KMnO42KMnO4K2MnO4+MnO2+O2↑2KMnO4+16HCl＝2KCl+2MnCl2+5Cl2↑+8H2O2KMnO4+5H2O2+6HCl＝2KCl+2MnCl2+5O2↑+8H2O2KMnO4+5KNO3+3H2SO4＝2MnSO4+K2SO4+5KNO3+2H2PMnO2MnO2+4HCl(濃)MnCl2+Cl2↑+2H2O2.銅Cu2Cu+O22CuO2Cu+SCu+Cl2CuCl2CH4+4CuO＝4Cu+CO2+2H2O3CuO+2NH33Cu+N2+3H2OCuO+2HCl＝CuCl2+H2OCuO+H2SO4＝CuSO4+H2OCu(OH)2+2HCl＝CuCl2+2H2OCu(OH)2+H2SO4＝CuSO4+2H2OCu(OH)2CuO+H2OCuCl2+H2S＝CuS↓+2HClCuCl2+2NaOH＝Cu(OH)2↓+2NaClCuSO4+H2S＝CuS↓+H2SO4CuSO4+2NaOH＝Cu(OH)2↓+Na2SO4CuSO4+Ba(OH)2＝Cu(OH)2↓+BaSO4↓3.鈣CaCaO+H2O＝Ca(OH)2CaO+SiO2CaSiO32Ca(OH)2+2Cl2＝CaCl2+Ca(ClO)2+2H2OCa(OH)2+SO3＝CaSO4+H2OCaCO3+2HNO3＝Ca(NO3)2+H2O+CO2↑（用HNO3和濃H2SO4不能制備H2S、HI、HBr、SO2等還原性氣體）CaCO3+SiO2CaSiO3+CO2↑CaF2+H2SO4(濃)＝CaSO4+2HF↑Ca3(PO4)2+3H2SO4(濃)＝3CaSO4+2H3PO4Ca3(PO4)2+2H2SO4(濃)＝2CaSO4+Ca(H2PO4)2Ca3(PO4)2+4H3PO4＝3Ca(H2PO4)2（重鈣）CaH2+2H2O＝Ca(OH)2+2H2↑4.鋇BaBa(OH)2+CO2＝BaCO3↓+H2OBa(OH)2+2CO2(過量)＝Ba(HCO3)2Ba(OH)2+H2SO4＝BaSO4↓+2H2O3Ba(OH)2+2H3PO3＝Ba3(PO4)2↓+6H2OBaCl2+H2SO4＝BaSO4↓+2HClBaCl2+Na2SO4＝BaSO4↓+2NaClBaCO3+2HCl＝BaCl2+CO2↑+H2OBaCO3+2HNO3＝Ba(NO3)2+CO2↑+H2OBaO2+H2SO4(稀)＝BaSO4↓+H2O2)5.鉛Pb、PbO2Pb+2HCl＝PbCl2+H2↑PbO2+4HCl(濃)PbCl2+Cl2↑+2H2O鉛鹽Pb(NO3)2+H2S＝PbS↓+2HNO3(CH3COO)2Pb+H2S=PbS↓+CH3COOH6.鋅ZnZn+SZn+2HCl＝ZnCl2+H2↑Zn+H2SO4＝ZnSO4+H2↑Zn+2NaOH＝Na2ZnO2+H2↑Zn+2FeCl3＝2FeCl2+ZnCl2As2O3+6Zn+12HCl＝2AsH3↑+6ZnCl2+3H2OZnOZnO+2HCl＝ZnCl2+H2OZnO+2NaOH＝Na2ZnO2+H2OZn(OH)2Zn(OH)2+2HCl＝ZnCl2+2H2OZn(OH)2+2NaOH＝Na2ZnO2+2H2OZn(OH)2+4NH3·H2O＝Zn(NH3)4(OH)2+4H2OZn(OH)2ZnO+H2O7.鈹BeBe+2HCl＝BaCl2+H2↑Be+2NaOH＝Na2BO2+H2↑BeCl2+2NaOH＝Be(OH)2↓+2H2OBe(OH)2+2HCl＝BeCl2+2H2OBe(OH)2+2NaOH＝Na2BO2+2H2O8.汞Hg3Hg+8HNO3(稀)＝3Hg(NO3)2+2NO2↑+4H2OHg+4HNO3(濃)＝Hg(NO3)2+2NO2↑+2H2第二部分鹵族元素、氮族元素一、鹵族元素1.氟F2F2+H2＝2HF2F2+2H2O＝4HF+O2HF4HF+SiO2＝SiF4+2H2O2.氯Cl2Cl2+H2＝2HCl（光照或點(diǎn)燃）Cl2+2Na2NaCl3Cl2+2P2PCl3Cl2+PCl3PCl53Cl2+2Fe2FeCl3Cl2+CuCuCl2Cl2+2FeCl2＝2FeCl32Cl2+2NaBr＝2NaCl+Br2Cl2+2KI＝2KCl+I25Cl2+I2+6H2O＝2HIO3+10HClCl2+Na2S＝2NaCl+S↓Cl2+H2S＝2HCl+S↓Cl2+SO2+2H2O＝H2SO4+2HClCl2+H2SO3+H2O＝H2SO4+2HClCl2+H2O＝HCl+HClOCl2+H2O2＝2HCl+O2Cl2+2NaOH＝NaCl+NaClO+H2O2Cl2+2Ca(OH)2＝CaCl2+Ca(ClO)2+2H2O3Cl2+6KOH(熱、濃)＝5KCl+KClO3+3H2OHCl6HCl+2Al＝2AlCl3+3H2↑2HCl+Fe＝FeCl2+H2↑4HCl(濃)+MnO2MnCl2+Cl2+2H2O4HCl(g)+O22Cl2+2H2O16HCl+2KMnO4＝2KCl+2MnCl2+5Cl2+8H2O14HCl+K2Cr2O7＝2KCl+2CrCl3+3Cl2+7H2OHCl+NH3＝NH4Cl（白煙）2HCl+FeO＝FeCl2+3H2O6HCl+Fe2O3＝2FeCl3+3H2O8HCl(濃)+Fe3O4FeCl2+2FeCl3+4H2OHCl+Na3PO4＝Na2HPO4+NaClHCl+Na2HPO4＝NaH2PO4+NaClHCl+NaH2PO4＝H3PO4+NaClHCl+Na2CO3＝NaHCO3+NaClHCl+NaHCO3＝NaCl+H2O+CO2HClOHClO=HCl+O2↑3.溴Br2Br2+H22HBrBr2+Fe＝FeBr3Br2+2FeBr2＝2FeBr3Br2+NaI＝NaBr+I2Br2+HI＝HBr+I2Br2+H2O＝HBr+HBrOBr2+NaOH＝NaBr+NaBrO+H2OBr2+SO2+2H2O＝H2SO4+2HBrBr2+H2S＝S↓+2HBr2Br2+3Na2CO3+H2O＝2NaHCO3+2NaBrO+2NaBr+CO2↑HBrHBr+NaOH＝NaBr+H2O2HBr+Cl2＝2HCl+Br24.碘I2I2+H22HII2+FeFeI2I2+2NaOH＝NaI+NaIO+H2OHI2HIH2+I22HI+Cl2＝2HCl+I2HI+NaOH＝NaI+H2O二、氮族元素1.氮催化劑高溫、高壓N2催化劑高溫、高壓N2+3H22NH3N2+O22NON2+3MgMg3N2N2+6Na＝2Na3NNO、NO2、N2O52NO+O2＝2NO2NO+NO2+2NaOH＝2NaNO2（用于制硝酸工業(yè)中吸收尾氣中的NO和NO2）6NO+4NH35N2+6H2ONO2+2KI+H2O＝NO+I2+2KOH（不能用淀粉KI溶液鑒別溴蒸氣和NO2）4NO2+H2S＝4NO+SO3+H2ONO2+SO2＝SO3+NO3NO2+H2O＝2HNO3+NON2O5+H2O＝2HNO3HNO33HNO3+Ag3PO4＝H3PO4+3AgNO3Al+4HNO3(稀)＝Al(NO3)3+NO↑+2H2O3As2S3+28HNO3+4H2O＝6H3AsO4+9H2SO4+28NO↑4HNO3(濃)+CCO2↑+4NO2↑+2H2O2HNO3+CaCO3＝Ca(NO3)2+H2O+CO2↑6HNO3+Fe＝Fe(NO3)3+3NO2↑+3H2O4HNO3+Fe＝Fe(NO3)3+NO↑+2H2O30HNO3+8Fe＝8Fe(NO3)3+3N2O↑+15H2O36HNO3+10Fe＝10Fe(NO3)3+3N2↑+18H2O30HNO3+8Fe＝8Fe(NO3)3+3NH4NO3+9H2OFeO+4HNO3＝Fe(NO3)3+NO2↑+2H2O3H2S+2HNO3(稀)＝3S↓+2NO+4H2O4HNO3＝4NO2+O2+2H2O（見光或受熱分解）NH3+HNO3＝NH4NO3（白煙）（用HNO3和濃H2SO4不能制備H2S、HI、HBr、SO2）3Na2S+8HNO3(稀)＝6NaNO3+2NO+3S↓+4H2O3Na2SO3+2HNO3(稀)＝3Na2SO4+2NO↑+H2O3Cu2S+22HNO3＝6Cu(NO3)2+10NO↑+3H2SO4+8H2O5HNO3(濃)+P＝H3PO4+5NO2↑+H2OP4+20HNO3(濃)＝4H3PO4+20NO2+4H2OS+6HNO3(濃)＝H2SO4+6NO2↑+2H2O3S+4HNO3(稀)＝3SO2↑+4NO↑+2H2OS+6HNO3(濃)＝H2SO4+6NO2↑+2H2O3As2S3+28HNO3(稀)+4H2O＝6H3AsO4+9H2SO4+28NO↑As2S3+28HNO3(濃)＝2H3AsO4+3H2SO4+28NO2↑+8H2ONH32NH3+3CuO3Cu+N2+3H2O2NH3+3Cl2＝N2+6HCl8NH3+3Cl2＝N2+6NH4Cl4NH3+3O2(純氧)2N2+6H2O4NH3+5O24NO+6H2O4NH3+6NO5N2+6HO（用氨清除NO）NH3+HCl＝NH4Cl（白煙）NH3+HNO3＝NH4NO3（白煙）2NH3+H2SO4＝(NH4)2SO4NH3+NaCl+H2O+CO2＝NaHCO3↓+NH4Cl（侯氏制堿法）2NH3+SO2+H2O＝(NH4)2SO3NH3·H2ONH3↑+H2ONH3+H2ONH3·H2ONH4++OH-NH4HCO3、(NH4)2CO3NH4HCO3＝NH3+H2O+CO2(NH4)2CO3＝2NH3↑+H2O+CO2↑NH4ClNH4Cl＝NH3+HCl2NH4Cl+Ca(OH)2CaCl2+NH3↑+H2ONH4Cl+NaOHNaCl+NH3↑+H2ONH4Cl+NaOH＝NaCl+NH3·H2ONH4NO3NH4NO3+NaOH==NaNO3+NH3·H2ONH4NO3+NaOHNaNO3+NH3↑+H2O5NH4NO32HNO3+4N2↑+9H2O(NH4)2SO3、(NH4)2SO4(NH4)2SO3+SO2+H2O＝2NH4HSO3(NH4)2SO4+2NaOH＝Na2SO4+2NH3·H2O(NH4)2SO4+2NaOHNa2SO4+2NH3↑+2H2O2.磷P2P+3Cl22PCl3PCl3+Cl2PCl5P4+6H24PH34P+5O2P4O10（常寫成P2O5）P4+20HNO3(濃)＝4H3PO4+20NO2+4H2O11P+15CuSO4+24H2O＝5Cu3P+6H3PO4+15H2SO4PH3+2O2＝H3PO4P2O3、P2O5、P4S3P2O5+H2O(冷)＝2HPO3P2O5+3H2O(熱)＝2H3PO4（P2O5極易吸水、可作氣體干燥劑）P2O5+3H2SO4(濃)＝2H3PO4+3SO3P2O5+2NaOH＝2NaPO3+H2OP2O5+6NaOH＝2Na3PO3+3H2OP4S3+38HNO3+8H2O＝9H2SO4+12H3PO4+38NO↑H3PO44H3PO4+Ca3(PO4)2＝3Ca(H2PO4)2H3PO4(濃)+NaBr＝NaH2PO4+HBrH3PO4(濃)+NaI＝NaH2PO4+HI第三部分碳族元素、氧族元素一、碳族元素1.碳CC+2F2＝CF4C+2Cl2＝CCl42C+O2(少量)2COC+O2(足量)CO2C+CO22COC+H2OCO+H2（生成水煤氣）2C+SiO2Si+2CO（制得粗硅）C+SiSiC（金剛砂）C+2SCS23C+CaOCaC2+CO↑3C+SiO2SiC+2CO↑C+2H2SO4(濃)CO2↑+2SO2↑+2H2OC+4HNO3(濃)CO2↑+4NO2↑+2H2OCO2CO+O22CO2CO+CuOCu+CO23CO+Fe2O32Fe+3CO2CO+H2OCO2+H2CO2CO2+2Mg2MgO+CCO2+H2O＝H2CO3CO2+2NaOH(過量)＝Na2CO3+H2OCO2(過量)+NaOH＝NaHCO3CO2+Ca(OH)2(過量)＝CaCO3↓+H2O2CO2(過量)+Ca(OH)2＝Ca(HCO3)2CO2+2NaAlO2+3H2O＝2Al(OH)3↓+Na2CO3CO2+C6H5ONa+H2O＝C6H5OH+NaHCO3CO2+Na2O＝Na2CO32CO2+2Na2O2＝2Na2CO3+O2CO2+NH3+NaCl+H2O＝NaHCO3↓+NH4Cl（侯氏制堿法）H2CO3H2CO3＝CO2↑+H2O2.硅SiSi(粗)+2Cl2SiCl4SiCl4+2H2Si(純)+4HClSi(粉)+O2SiO2Si+CSiC（金剛砂）Si+2NaOH+H2O＝Na2SiO3+2H2SiO22C+SiO2Si+2CO3C+SiO2SiC+2CO↑2Mg+SiO22MgO+Si4HF+SiO2＝SiF4+2H2OSiO2+2H2Si+2H2OSiO2+2Mg2MgO+SiSiO2+CaOCaSiO3SiO2+2NaOH＝Na2SiO3+H2O（常溫下強(qiáng)堿緩慢腐蝕玻璃）SiO2+Na2CO3Na2SiO3+CO2SiO2+CaCO3CaSiO3+CO22NaOH+SiO2＝Na2SiO3+H2O二、氧族元素1.氧O2O2+2H22H2OO2+KKO22O2+3FeFe3O4O2+SO2+N22NO3O22O34P+5O22P2O5C+O2(足量)CO2Si+O2SiO24Na+O2＝2Na2O2Na2O+O22Na2O22Na+O2＝Na2O22Mg+O22MgO4Al+3O22Al2O34NH3+5O24NO+6H2O2SO2+O22SO32CO+O22CO26FeO+O22Fe3O42H2SO3+O2＝2H2SO44Fe(OH)2+O2+2H2O＝4Fe(OH)32Na2SO3+O2＝2Na2SO4O32O3＝3O2O3+2HI＝＝I2+O2+H2OH2O2F2+2H2O＝4HF+O2Cl2+H2O＝HCl+HClO2Na+2H2O＝2NaOH+H2↑Mg+2H2O＝Mg(OH)2+H2↑3Fe+4H2O(g)Fe3O4+4H22H2O2H2↑+O2SO2+H2O＝H2SO3SO3+H2O＝H2SO43NO2+H2O＝2HNO3+NON2O5+H2O＝2HNO3P2O5+H2O(冷)＝2HPO3P2O5+3H2O(熱)＝2H3PO4CO2+H2O＝H2CO3H2O22H2O2＝2H2O+O2↑H2O2+Cl2＝2HCl+O25H2O2+2KMnO4+6HCl＝2MnCl2+2KCl+5O2↑+8H2O2.硫SS+H2H2S2S+CCS2S+FeFeSS+2CuCu2S3S+2AlAl2S3S+ZnZnSS+O2SO2S+6HNO3(濃)＝H2SO4+6NO2↑+2H2O3S+4HNO3(稀)＝3SO2↑+4NO↑+2H2O3S+6NaOH2Na2S+Na2SO3+3H2OS+2Na＝Na2S(爆炸)S+Mg＝MgSS+FeFeSS+2H2SO4(濃)＝3SO2↑+2H2OSO2△SO2+2H2S＝3S+2H2O△2SO2+O22SO32SO2+O2+2H2O＝2H2SO4SO2+Cl2+2H2O＝H2SO4+2HClSO2+Br2+2H2O＝H2SO4+2HBrSO2+I2+2H2O＝H2SO4+2HISO2+NO2＝SO3+NOSO2+2H2S＝3S+2H2OSO2+H2O＝H2SO3SO2+2NH3+H2O＝(NH4)2SO3SO2+(NH4)2SO3+H2O＝2NH4HSO3SO2+Ca(OH)2＝CaSO3↓+H2O（不能用澄清石灰水鑒別SO2和CO2.可用品紅鑒別）2NaOH+SO2(少量)＝Na2SO3+H2ONaOH+SO2(足量)＝NaHSO3Cl2+SO2+2H2O＝H2SO4+2HClSO3SO3+H2O＝H2SO4SO3+MgO＝MgSO4SO3+Ca(OH)2＝CaSO4+H2OSO3+Na2O＝Na2SO4SO3+2KI＝K2SO3+I2H2SH2S+Cl2＝2HCl+S↓H2S+Mg＝MgS+H22H2S+3O2(足量)＝2SO2+2H2O2H2S+O2(少量)＝2S+2H2O2H2S+SO2＝3S+2H2OH2S+H2SO4(濃)＝S↓+SO2+2H2OH2SH2+S3H2S+2HNO3(稀)＝3S↓+2NO+4H2O5H2S+2KMnO4+3H2SO4＝2MnSO4+K2SO4+5S+8H2O3H2S+K2Cr2O7+4H2SO4＝Cr2(SO4)3+K2SO4+3S+7H2OH2S+4Na2O2+2H2O＝Na2SO4+6NaOHH2S+Fe＝FeS+H2↑H2S+CuCl2＝CuS↓+2HClH2S+2AgNO3＝Ag2S↓+2HNO3H2S+HgCl2＝HgS↓+2HClH2S+Pb(NO3)2＝PbS↓+2HNO3H2S+4NO2＝4NO+SO3+H2OH2SO3H2SO3+X2+H2O＝H2SO4+2HX（X表示Cl2、Br2、I2）2H2SO3+O2＝2H2SO4H2SO3+H2O2＝H2SO4+H2O5H2SO3+2KMnO4＝2MnSO4+K2SO4+2H2SO4+3H2OH2SO3+2FeCl3+H2O＝H2SO4+2FeCl2+2HClH2SO3＝H2O+SO2↑2H2SO3+2H2S＝3S↓+2H2OH2SO4Zn+H2SO4＝ZnSO4+H2↑Fe+H2SO4＝FeSO4+H2↑Mg+H2SO4＝MgSO4+H2↑2Al+3H2SO4＝Al2(SO4)3+3H2↑2Al+6H2SO4(濃)Al2(SO4)3+3SO2↑+6H2O2NH3+H2SO4＝(NH4)2SO42Al+6H2SO4(濃)Al2(SO4)3+3SO2↑+6H2OH2S+H2SO4(濃)＝S↓+SO2+2H2OP2O5+3H2SO4(濃)＝2H3PO4+3SO3BaO2+H2SO4(稀)＝BaSO4+H2O2)Na2O2+H2SO4(冷、稀)＝Na2SO4+H2O2MgO+H2SO4＝MgSO4+H2OAl2O3+3H2SO4＝Al2(SO4)3+3H2O2H2SO4(濃)+CCO2↑+2SO2↑+2H2O2H2SO4(濃)+S＝3SO2↑+2H2O6H2SO4(濃)+2Fe＝Fe2(SO4)3+3SO2↑+6H2O2H2SO4(濃)+CuCuSO4+SO2↑+2H2OH2SO4(濃)+2HBrSO2+Br2+2H2OH2SO4(濃)+2HISO2+I2+2H2OH2SO4(濃)+CaF2＝CaSO4+2HF↑H2SO4(濃)+NaClNaHSO4+HCl↑H2SO4(濃)+2NaClNa2SO4+2HClH2SO4(濃)+NaNO3NaHSO4+HNO3↑3H2SO4(濃)+Ca3(PO4)2＝3CaSO4+2H3PO42H2SO4(濃)+Ca3(PO4)2＝2CaSO4+Ca(H2PO4)2第四部分離子反應(yīng)（按字母順序排列）Al2Al+6H+＝2Al3++3H2↑2Al+2OH-+2H2O＝2+3H2↑Al3++3H2OAl(OH)3+3H+Al3++3OH-＝Al(OH)3↓Al3++4OH-＝+2H2O3Al3++10OH-AUTOTEXT==＝2Al(OH)3↓++2H2O（當(dāng)n(AlCl3)/n(NaOH)=3:10時(shí)）Al3++3NH3·H2O＝Al(OH)3↓+32Al3++3+3H2O＝2Al(OH)3↓+3CO2↑Al3++3＝Al(OH)3↓+3CO2↑Al3++3HS-+3H2O＝Al(OH)3↓+3H2S↑2Al3++3S2-+6H2O＝2Al(OH)3↓+3H2S↑Al3++3+6H2O＝4Al(OH)3↓2Al3++3AUTOTEXT==＝Al2(SiO3)2↓+2H2OAl(OH)3+OH-+H++H2O＝Al(OH)3↓+4H+＝Al3++2H2O9+30H+AUTOTEXT==＝2Al(OH)3↓+7Al3++12H2O（當(dāng)n(NaAlO2)/n(HCl)=3:10時(shí)）3+Fe3++6H2O＝Fe(OH)3↓+3Al(OH)3↓++H2O＝Al(OH)3↓+NH3↑++H2O＝Al(OH)3↓+2+CO2+3H2O＝2Al(OH)3↓++CO2+2H2O＝Al(OH)3↓+Al2O3+6H+＝2Al3++3H2OAl2O3+2OH-＝2+H2OAl(OH)3+3H+＝Al3++2H2OAl(OH)3+2OH-＝+2H2OAgAg++H2OAgOH+H+Ag++NH3·H2O＝AgOH↓+Ag++2NH3·H2O＝+H2OAg++Cl-AUTOTEXT==＝AgCl↓Ag++Br-AUTOTEXT==＝AgBr↓Ag++I-AUTOTEXT==＝AgI↓3Ag++AUTOTEXT==＝Ag3PO4↓2Ag++AUTOTEXT==＝Ag2CO3↓Ag2CO3+2H+AUTOTEXT==＝2Ag++CO2↑+H2OAg3PO4+3H+AUTOTEXT==＝3Ag++H3PO42Ag[(NH3)2]++2OH-+CH3CHOCH3COO-++2Ag↓+3NH3+H2O2Ag[(NH3)2]++2OH-+CH2OH(CHOH)4CHOCH2OH(CHOH)4COO-++2Ag↓+3NH3+H2OBaBa2++=BaSO4↓Ba2++=BaCO3↓3Ba2++2＝Ba3(PO4)2↓Ba2++2OH-+CO2＝BaCO3↓+H2OBa2++2OH-+2H++＝BaSO4↓+2H2O（NaHSO4溶液中加Ba(OH)2，使溶液呈中性）Ba2++OH-+H++＝BaSO4↓+H2O（NaHSO4溶液中加Ba(OH)2，使Ba2+全部沉淀）BaCO3+2H+＝Ca2++CO2↑+H2OBr2Br-+Cl2＝2Cl-+Br2Br2+SO2+2H2O＝2Br-+2H++4Br-+2Fe2++3Cl2AUTOTEXT==＝2Fe3++2Br2+6Cl-（足量Cl2）2Br-+2Fe2++2Cl2AUTOTEXT==＝2Fe3++Br2+4Cl-（當(dāng)n(FeBr2)/n(Cl2)=1:1時(shí)）10Br-+6Fe2++8Cl2AUTOTEXT==＝6Fe3++5Br2+16Cl-（當(dāng)n(FeBr2)/n(Cl2)=3:4時(shí)）C+2Ag+AUTOTEXT==＝Ag2CO3↓+Ba2+AUTOTEXT==＝BaCO3↓+Ca2+AUTOTEXT==＝CaCO3↓+2H+AUTOTEXT==＝CO2↑+H2O+H2O+OH-3+2Al3++3H2O＝2Al(OH)3↓+3CO2↑3+2Fe3++3H2O＝2Fe(OH)3↓+3CO2↑CO2++3H2O＝2Al(OH)3↓+CO2++2H2O＝Al(OH)3↓+CO2+OH-＝CO2+Ba2++2OH-＝BaCO3↓+H2OCO2+2OH-＝+H2O3CO2+5OH-AUTOTEXT==＝2++2H2O（當(dāng)n(CO2)/n(NaOH)=3:5時(shí)）CO2++2H2O＝H4SiO4↓+CaCa2++2OH-+CO2＝CaCO3↓+H2OCa2++2OH-+SO2＝CaSO3↓+H2OCa2++2ClO-+SO2+H2OAUTOTEXT==＝CaSO4↓+HClO+H++Cl-（少量SO2）Ca2++2ClO-+2SO2+4H2OAUTOTEXT==＝CaSO4↓+2Cl-+4H++（足量SO2）Ca2++2ClO-+CO2+H2OAUTOTEXT==＝CaCO3↓+2HClOCaCO3+2H+＝Ca2++CO2↑+H2OClCl2+H2O＝Cl-+H++HClOCl2+2OH-＝Cl-+ClO-+H2OCl2+2OH-＝Cl-+ClO-+H2OCl2+2I-＝2Cl-+I2Cl2+H2SO3+H2O＝2Cl-++4H+Cl2+H2S＝2Cl-+2H++S↓Cl2+2Fe2+AUTOTEXT==＝2Fe3++2Cl-（向FeBr2溶液中少量Cl2）3Cl2+2Fe2++4Br-AUTOTEXT==＝2Fe3++2Br2+6Cl-（足量Cl2）2Cl2+2Fe2++2Br-AUTOTEXT==＝2Fe3++Br2+4Cl-（當(dāng)n(FeBr2)/n(Cl2)=1:1時(shí)）8Cl2+6Fe2++10Br-AUTOTEXT==＝6Fe3++5Br2+16Cl-（當(dāng)n(FeBr2)/n(Cl2)=3:4時(shí)）Cl2+2I-AUTOTEXT==＝2Cl-+I2Cl2+2I-AUTOTEXT==＝I2+2Cl-（向FeI2溶液中通入少量Cl2）3Cl2+2Fe2++4I-AUTOTEXT==＝2Fe3++2I2+6Cl-（足量Cl2）4Cl2+2Fe2++6I-AUTOTEXT==＝2Fe3++3I2+8Cl-（當(dāng)n(FeI2)/n(Cl2)=3:4時(shí)）2Cl-+4H++MnO2＝Mn2++Cl2↑+2H2OCl-+Ag+AUTOTEXT==＝AgCl↓ClO-+H+AUTOTEXT==＝HClOClO-+SO2+H2OAUTOTEXT==＝2H++Cl-+ClO-+H2OHClO+OH-Cr+6Fe2++14H+＝6Fe3++2Cr3++7H2OCuCu+2Fe3+＝2Fe2++Cu2+3Cu+2+8H+＝3Cu2++2NO↑+4H2OCu2++2H2OCu(OH)2+2H+Cu2++2NH3·H2O＝Cu(OH)2↓+2NH4+Cu2++2Na+2H2OAUTOTEXT==＝2Na++Cu(OH)2↓+H2↑Cu2++H2SAUTOTEXT==＝2H++CuS↓Cu2++FeAUTOTEXT==＝Cu+Fe2+Cu2++2OH-AUTOTEXT==＝Cu(OH)2↓CuO+2H+＝Cu2++H2OCxHyOzC6H5O-+H2OC6H5OH+OH-C6H5O-+CO2＝C6H5OH+CH3CHO+2Ag[(NH3)2]++2OH-CH3COO-++2Ag↓+3NH3+H2OCH3CHO+2Cu(OH)2CH3COOH+Cu2O↓+2H2O2CH3COOH+CaCO3AUTOTEXT==＝2CH3COO-+Ca2++CO2↑+H2OCH2OH(CHOH)4CHO+2Ag[(NH3)2]++2OH-CH2OH(CHOH)4COO-++2Ag↓+3NH3+H2OCH2OH(CHOH)4CHO+2Cu(OH)2CH2OH(CHOH)4COOH+Cu2O↓+2H2O5C2H4+12+36H+AUTOTEXT==＝12Mn2++10CO2↑+28H2O5+2+16H+AUTOTEXT==＝2Mn2++10CO2↑+8H2OFeFe+2H+=Fe2++H2↑Fe+Cu2+=Fe2++CuFe+2Fe3+＝3Fe2+Fe2++2OH-＝Fe(OH)2↓2Fe2++Cl2＝2Fe3++2Cl-2Fe2++Br2＝2Fe3++2Br-4Fe2++O2+4H+＝Fe3++2H2O12Fe2++3O2+6H2O＝8Fe3++4Fe(OH)3↓2Fe2++H2O2+2H+＝2Fe3++2H2O6Fe2+++14H+＝6Fe3++2Cr3++7H2O5Fe2+++8H+＝5Fe3++Mn2+4H2O3Fe2+++4H+＝3Fe3++NO↑+2H2OFe2++S2-＝FeS↓2Fe2++Cl2AUTOTEXT==＝2Fe3++2Cl-（向FeBr2溶液中通入少量Cl2）2Fe2++4Br-+3Cl2AUTOTEXT==＝2Fe3++2Br2+6Cl-(足量Cl2)2Fe2++2Br-+2Cl2AUTOTEXT==＝2Fe3++Br2+4Cl-（當(dāng)n(FeBr2)/n(Cl2)=1:1時(shí)）6Fe2++10Br-+8Cl2AUTOTEXT==＝6Fe3++5Br2+16Cl-（當(dāng)n(FeBr2)/n(Cl2)=3:4時(shí)）2Fe2++4I-+3Cl2AUTOTEXT==＝2Fe3++2I2+6Cl-（向FeI2溶液中足量Cl2）2Fe2++6I-+4Cl2AUTOTEXT==＝2Fe3++3I2+8Cl-（當(dāng)n(FeI2)/n(Cl2)=3:4時(shí)）Fe3++3OH-＝Fe(OH)3↓2Fe3++Cu＝2Fe2++Cu2+2Fe3++Fe＝3Fe2+2Fe3++Zn＝2Fe2++Zn2+2Fe3++3Zn＝2Fe+3Zn2+Fe3++3＝Fe(OH)3↓+3CO2↑Fe3++3+6H2O＝Fe(OH)3↓+3Al(OH)3↓2Fe3++3+3H2O＝2Fe(OH)3↓+3CO2↑2Fe3++H2S＝2Fe2++S↓+2H+2Fe3++S2-＝2Fe2++S↓2Fe3++2I-＝2Fe2++I22Fe3++SO2+2H2O＝2Fe2+++4H+Fe3++3SCN-＝（紅色溶液）Fe3++3H2O＝(膠體)+3H+FeO+2H+＝Fe2++H2OFe2O3+6H+＝Fe3++3H2OFe3O4+8H+＝Fe2++2Fe3++4H2OFeS+2H+＝Fe2++H2S↑H2OH++OH-＝H2O2H2O+2Na＝2Na++2OH-+H2↑2H2O+2Na2O2=4Na++4OH-+O2↑H2O+Na2O＝2Na++2OH-H2O+Cl2＝Cl-+H++HClOH2O2H2O2+2I-+2H+＝I2+2H2OH2O2+2Fe2++2H+＝2Fe3++2H2O5H2O2+2+6H+=2Mn2++5O2↑+8H2OH2O2+Cl2＝2H++2Cl-+O2↑H2O2+SO2AUTOTEXT==＝2H++H2CO3系列H2CO3H++H++H2O+++H2OH2CO3++＝+H2O+H+＝CO2↑+H2O3+Al3+＝Al(OH)3↓+3CO2↑3+Fe3+＝Fe(OH)3↓+3CO2↑2+Ca2++2＝CaCO3↓+2H2O+（向NaHCO3溶液中加入少量澄清石灰水）+Ca2++＝CaCO3↓+H2O（足量澄清石灰水）+Ca2++＝CaCO3↓+H2O（向Ca(HCO3)2溶液中加入少量NaOH溶液）2+Ca2++2＝CaCO3↓+2H2O+（Ca(HCO3)2溶液中加入足量NaOH溶液）+＝+H2O（向NH4HCO3溶液中加入少量NaOH溶液）++2＝+H2O+NH3·H2O（向NH4HCO3溶液中加入足量NaOH溶液）2+SO2AUTOTEXT==＝+CO2↑+H2O++H2O＝Al(OH)3↓+H3PO4系列H3PO4H++H++H++H3PO4+＝+H2O+=+H2O+=+H2O+H2O++H2O++H2OH3PO4+H++＝H++＝H++＝H3PO4H2S系列H2SH++HS-HS-H++S2-H++S2-=HS-H++HS-=H2SH2O+S2-HS-+HS-+H2OH2S+H2S+OH-＝HS-+H2OHS-+OH-＝S2-+H2OH2S+Cl2＝2Cl-+2H++S↓2H2S+SO2AUTOTEXT==＝3S↓+2H2O2H2S+O2AUTOTEXT==＝2S↓+2H2OH2S+Cu2+AUTOTEXT==＝2H++CuS↓H2S+(CH3COO)2PbAUTOTEXT==＝PbS↓+2CH3COOHH2S+2OH-＝S2-+2H2O3HS-+Al3++3H2O＝Al(OH)3↓+3H2S↑H2SO3系列H2SO3H++H+++H2OH2SO3+OH-+OH-＝+H2O+H+＝SO2↑+H2OH2SO3+Cl2+H2O＝2Cl-++4H+I2I-+2Fe3+＝2Fe2++I22I-+Cl2＝2Cl-+I22I-+Br2＝2Br-+I2I-+Ag+＝AgI↓2I-+H2O2+2H+＝I2+2H2O5I-+IO-+6H+＝3I2+3H2OI2+2OH-＝I-+IO-+H2OI2+5Cl2+6H2O＝12H++10Cl-+2MgMg+2H+＝Mg2++H2↑Mg2++2OH-＝Mg(OH)2↓Mg2++＝MgCO3↓MgCO3+2H+＝Mg2++CO2↑+H2OMgO+2H+＝Mg2++H2OMg(OH)2+2H+＝Mg2++2H2OMnMnO2+2Cl-+4H+＝Mn2++Cl2↑+2H2O+5Fe2++8H+＝5Fe3++Mn2+4H2O2+5SO2+2H2OAUTOTEXT==＝2Mn2++5+4H+2+5H2O2+6H+AUTOTEXT==＝2Mn2++5O2↑+8H2O12+5C2H4+36H+AUTOTEXT==＝12Mn2++10CO2↑+28H2O2+5+16H+AUTOTEXT==＝2Mn2++10CO2↑+8H2ONa2Na+2H2O＝2Na++2OH-+H2↑2Na+Cu2++2H2OAUTOTEXT==＝2Na++Cu(OH)2↓+H2↑NH3系列+H2ONH3·H2O+H+2++H2O＝H4SiO4↓+2NH3↑++H2O＝Al(OH)3↓+NH3↑++2OH-＝+H2O+NH3·H2O（向NH4HCO3溶液中加入足量NaOH溶液）NH3+H2ONH3·H2ONH3·H2O+OH-NH3·H2O+Ag+＝AgOH↓+NH4+2AgOH＝Ag2O+H2O（AgNO3溶液中加入少量氨水）2NH3·H2O+Ag+＝[Ag(NH3)2]++H2O（足量氨水）2NH3·H2O+Cu2+＝Cu(OH)2↓+2（向CuSO4溶液中加入少量氨水）4NH3·H2O+Cu2+＝[Cu(NH3)4]2++4H2O（足量氨水）2NH3·H2O+Zn2+＝Zn(OH)2↓+2NH4+（向ZnCl2溶液中加入少量氨水）4NH3·H2O+Zn2+＝[Zn(NH3)4]2++4H2O（足量氨水）3NH3·H2O+Al3+＝Al(OH)3↓+32+2I-+4H+＝2NO↑+I2+2H2O5+2+6H+＝2Mn2++5+3H2O+3Fe2++4H+＝3Fe3++NO↑+2H2O2+3SO2+2H2OAUTOTEXT==＝3+2NO↑+4H+2+3Cu+8H+＝3Cu2++2NO↑+4H2OO+H+=H2O+CO2＝O2+2H2SAUTOTEXT==＝2S↓+2H2OO2+2S2-+4H+＝S↓+2H2OO2+2HS-+2H+＝S↓+2H2OO2+4Fe2++4H+＝Fe3++2H2O3O2+12Fe2++6H2O=8Fe3++4Fe(OH)3↓O2+2AUTOTEXT==＝2O3+2I-+2H+＝I2+O2+H2OP+3Ag+＝Ag3PO4↓2+3Ba2+＝Ba3(PO4)2↓2+3Ca2+＝Ca3(PO4)2↓2+3Mg2+＝Mg3(PO4)2↓+H+＝+2H+＝+3H+＝H3PO4Pb2++＝PbSO4↓Pb2++S2-＝PbS↓PbO2+2Cl-+4H+＝Pb2++Cl2↑+2H2O(CH3COO)2Pb+H2SAUTOTEXT==＝PbS↓+2CH3COOHS3S+6OH-=2S2-++3H2OS2-+H2OHS-+OH-3S2-+2Al3++6H2O＝2Al(OH)3↓+3H2S↑S2-+2Fe3+＝2Fe2++S↓SO2+Ca2++2ClO-+H2OAUTOTEXT==＝CaSO4↓+HClO+H++Cl-（少量SO2）2SO2+Ca2++2ClO-+4H2OAUTOTEXT==＝CaSO4↓+2Cl-+4H++（足量SO2）SO2+2Fe3++2H2O＝2Fe2+++4H+SO2+2AUTOTEXT==＝+CO2↑+H2OSO2+2OH-AUTOTEXT==＝+H2OSO2+OH-＝SO2+Br2+2H2O＝2Br-+2H++SO2+I2+2H2O＝2I-+2H++SO2+H2O2AUTOTEXT==＝2H++3SO2+2+2H2OAUTOTEXT==＝3+2NO↑+4H+SO2+ClO-+H2OAUTOTEXT==＝2H++Cl-+SO2+2H2SAUTOTEXT==＝3S↓+2H2OSO2+H2OH2SO35SO2+2+2H2OAUTOTEXT==＝2Mn2++5+4H++2H+＝SO2↑+H2O+H2O+OH-+Ba2+＝BaSO4↓+2H++Ba2++2OH-＝BaSO4↓+2H2O（NaHSO4溶液中加Ba(OH)2，使溶液呈中性）+H++Ba2++OH-＝BaSO4↓+H2O（NaHSO4溶液中加Ba(OH)2，使Ba2+全部沉淀）+2H+AUTOTEXT==＝S↓+SO2↑+H2OSiSi+2OH-+H2O＝+2H2↑SiO2+2OH-＝+H2O+2+H2O＝H4SiO4↓+2NH3↑+CO2+2H2O＝H4SiO4↓+CO32-+2H++H2O＝H4SiO4↓3+2Fe3+AUTOTEXT==＝Fe2(SiO3)2↓3+2Al3+AUTOTEXT==＝Al2(SiO3)2↓ZnZn+2H+＝Zn2++H2↑Zn+2OH-＝+H2↑Zn+2Fe3+＝2Fe2++Zn2+（少量Zn片）3Zn+2Fe3+＝2Fe+3Zn2+（過量Zn片）Zn2++2H2OZn(OH)2+2H+Zn2++2OH-＝Zn(OH)2↓Zn2++2NH3·H2O＝Zn(OH)2↓+2（少量氨水）Zn2++4NH3·H2O＝[Zn(NH3)4]2++4H2O（足量氨水）Zn(OH)2+2H+＝Zn2++2H2OZn(OH)2+2OH＝+2H2OZnO+2H+=Zn2++H2OZnO+2OH＝+H2O第四部分常見離子檢驗(yàn)方法離子檢驗(yàn)試劑實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟實(shí)驗(yàn)現(xiàn)象離子方程式

H+①酸度計(jì)②pH試紙③石蕊試液①將酸度計(jì)的探頭浸泡在待測液中②用玻璃棒蘸取少量待測液滴到干燥的pH試紙上③取樣，滴加石蕊試液①pH<7②石蕊變紅K+焰色反應(yīng)①鉑絲用鹽酸洗滌后在火焰上灼燒至原火焰色②蘸取溶液，放在火焰上灼燒，觀察火焰顏色。淺紫色（通過藍(lán)色鈷玻璃片觀察鉀離子焰色）Na+焰色反應(yīng)火焰分別呈黃色NH4+NaOH溶液(濃)取少量待測溶液于試管中，加入NaOH濃溶液并加熱，將濕潤紅色石蕊試紙置于試管口加熱，生成有刺激性氣味、使?jié)駶櫦t色石蕊試紙變藍(lán)的氣體Ag+稀HNO3、稀鹽酸（或NaCl）取少量待測溶液于試管中，加入稀HNO3再加入稀鹽酸（或NaCl）生成白色沉淀，不溶于稀HNO3Ag++Cl－＝AgCl↓Ba2+①稀H2SO4或可溶性硫酸鹽溶液②稀HNO3取少量待測溶液于試管中，加入稀H2SO4再加入稀HNO3產(chǎn)生白色沉淀，且沉淀不溶于稀HNO3Ba2++SO42-=BaSO4↓Fe3+KSCN溶液取少量待測溶液于試管中，加入KSCN溶液變?yōu)檠t色溶液Fe3++3SCN－＝Fe(SCN)3加苯酚取少量待測溶液于試管中，加苯酚溶液顯紫色淀粉KI溶液滴加淀粉KI