2015年高考英語(yǔ)真題分類匯編：15社會(huì)生活、說(shuō)理議論類

專題十五閱讀理解之社會(huì)生活、說(shuō)理議論類

1.[2015?湖北卷】A

“Iseeyou'vegotabitofwateronyourcoat,“saidthemanatthepetrolstation.t4Isitraining

outthere?,,€tNo,it'sprettynice,“Ireplied,checkingmysleeve.€tOh,right.Apony（馬駒）bitme

earlier.”

Asithappened,thebitewasvirtuallypainless:morethekindofsmallbiteyoumightget

fromanaughtychild.Theponyresponsiblewasqueuingupfbrsomeicecreaminthecarpark

nearHaytor,andperhapsthoughtrdjumpedinaheadofhim.

ThereasonwhytheponiesherearenaughtyisthatHaytorisatourist-heavyareaandtourists

areconstantlyfeedingtheponiesfoods,despitesighsaskingthemnotto.Byfeedingtheponies,

touristsincreasetheriskofthemgettinghitbyacar,andmakethemhardertogatherduringthe

area'sannualponydrift（遷移）.

Thepurposeofaponydriftistogatherthemupsotheirhealthcanbechecked,thebabyones

canbestoopedfromfeedingontheirmother'smilk,andthosewho'vegonebeyondtheirlimited

areacanbereturnedtotheircorrectarea.Someofthemarcalsolatersold,inordertolimitthe

numberofponiesaccordingtotherulessetbyNaturalEngland.

Threeweeksago,Iwitnessedasmallnear-disasterafewmilswestofhere.Whilewalking,I

noticedaponyrolloveronhisback."Hello!”Isaidtohim,assuminghewasjustrollingforfun,

buthewasverystilland,asIgotcloser,Isawhimkickinghislegsintheairandbreathingheavily.

Ibegantoproperlyworryabouthim.Fortunately,ImanagedtogetintouchwithaDartmoor's

LivestockProtectionofficerandsendheraphoto.Theofficerimmediatelysentalocalfarmerout

tocheckonthepony.Theponyhadactuallybeentrappedbetweentworocks.Thefarmerfreed

him,andhebegantorunhappilyaroundagain.

Dartmoorhas1,000orsoponies,whoplayacriticalroleincreatingthediversityofspecies

inthisarea.Manypeopleareworkinghardtopreservetheseponies,andtryingtocomeupwith

planstofindasustainable（可持續(xù)的）futureforoneofDartmoor'smostfinancially-troubled

elements.

5l.Whyaretouristsaskednottofeedtheponies?

A.Toprotectthetouristsfrombeingbitten

B.Tokeeptheponiesoffthepetrolstation

C.Toavoidputtingtheponiesindanger

D.Topreventtheponiesfromfighting

52.Oneofthepurposesoftheannualponydriftis.

A.tofeedbabyponiesonmilk

B.tocontrolthenumberofponies

C.toexpandthehabitatforponies

D.toselltheponiesatagoodprice

53.Whatastheauthor'sfirstreactionwhenhesawaponyrollonitsback?

A.Hefreeditfromthetrap

B.Hecalledaprotectionofficer

C.Heworriedaboutitverymuch

D.Hethoughtofitasbeingnaughty

54.WhatdoestheauthorimplyaboutthepreservationofDartmoor'sponies?

A.Itlackspeople'sinvolvement.

B.Itcostsalargeamountofmoney

C.ItwillaffecttourisminDartmoor.

D.Ithascausedanimbalanceofspecies

【解析】

試題分析：這是一篇夾敘夾議文。本文記敘了作者在Haytor關(guān)于馬駒的所見所聞，目睹了馬駒的淘氣與脆

弱，了解了馬駒遷徙的原因以及保護(hù)馬駒面臨的困難。

51.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段尾句"Byfeedingtheponies,touristsincreasetheriskofthemgettinghitbyacar：

andmakethemhardertogatherduringthearea-sannualponydrift（遷移）.”可知不讓游客給馬駒喂食是為了避免

使馬駒處于危險(xiǎn)中。故選C項(xiàng)。

52.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段內(nèi)容'Thepurposeofaponydriftisto...Someofthemarealso...;inordertolimit

thenumberofponies…”可知馬駒遷移目的之一是為了控制馬駒的數(shù)蚩。故選B項(xiàng)。

53.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中的“…,assuminghewasjustrollingforfun,…”可知作者認(rèn)為小馬駒很淘氣,

滾著玩的。故選D項(xiàng)。

54.B推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中尾句“卜ianypeopleareworkinghardtopreservetheseponies,andtryingto

comeupwithplanstofindasustainable（可持續(xù)的）futureforoneofDartmoor'smostfinancially-troubled

elements.“可知保護(hù)馬駒是對(duì)Dartmoor來(lái)說(shuō)是一等很大的開銷。故選B項(xiàng)。

【考點(diǎn)定位】夾敘夾議文閱讀

【名師點(diǎn)睛】夾敘夾議文是近幾年高考經(jīng)常涉及的一類文體，文章一方面敘述事情，另一方

面又對(duì)事情加以評(píng)論，此類文章一般先提出論點(diǎn)，然后以事例說(shuō)明論點(diǎn)，最后得出結(jié)論，或

者一邊敘述事情經(jīng)過(guò)，一邊對(duì)事情加以分析評(píng)論,文章最后一段用一句概括性的話點(diǎn)明主題，

將敘述和議論有機(jī)地結(jié)合起來(lái)，其中“敘”是“議”的基礎(chǔ)，''議”是“敘”的滲透和延伸。

考生要注意在通讀全文的基礎(chǔ)上弄清文章結(jié)構(gòu)，閱讀時(shí)重點(diǎn)要放在議論部分，因?yàn)樵摬糠直?/p>

達(dá)了作者的觀點(diǎn)或看法，是文章的精髓。理解了作者的觀點(diǎn)和看法，也就把握了全文的主要

內(nèi)容。本文難度不大，通過(guò)作者與小馬的“親密接觸”介紹了英國(guó)達(dá)特穆爾荒原淘氣的矮種

馬，散發(fā)出濃濃的英倫風(fēng)。

2.[2015-湖北卷】C

Hilversumisamedium-sizedcitybetweenthemajorcitiesofAmsterdamandUtrechtinthe

GooiareaofNorthHolland,theNetherlands.UnlikemostoftheNetherlands,Hilversumis

actuallyinahillyareawiththesoilmostlyconsistingofsand.OncecalledtheGardenof

Amsterdam,itstillattractstravelerstocomeovertocycleandwalkthroughthesurrounding

forests.TheyvisititfbrarelaxingdayofFfromtheurbanmadness.ForDutchpeople,Hilversum

isallabouttextile（紡織）andmediaindustries,andmodemarchitecture.

Inhistory,Hilversumwaslargelyanagriculturalarea.Dailylifewasmarkedbyfarming,

sheepraisingandwoolproduction.ArailwaylinktoAmsterdamin1874attractedrichtraders

fromAmsterdamtoHilversum.Theybuildthemselveslargevillas（別墅）inthewooded

surroundingsofthetown.OneofthefamiliesmovinginwastheBrenninkmeijers,currentlythe

wealthiestfamilyoftheNetherlands.Theymovedinafterbigsuccessinthetextileindustryand

aidedasubstantialtextileindustryinHilversum.Butthetextileboomlastedonlyseveraldecades.

Thelastfactoryclosedinthe1960s.

Thechangetoamediaeconomystartedin1920,whentheNederlandseSeintoestedllen

Fabriek（NSF）establishedaradiofactoryinHiversum.Mostradiostationscalledinthelarge

villasintheleafyareasofthetown.Televisiongaveanotherpushtothelocaleconomy.Hilversum

becamethemediacapitaloftheNetherlands,andDutchtelevisonstarsmovedintotheleafy

neighborhoodssurroundingthetown.

Intheearly1900s,modemarchitctsW.M.DudokandJ.Duikerplacedhundredsof

remarkablebuildingsinHilversum.Thesemodernarchitecturalmasterpieces（杰作）aresomany

thatHilversumalmostfeelslikeanopenairmuseum.Dudokaloneshapedmost20thcentury

Hilversumandapproximately75buildingsin1928-1931.Ithaswideinternationalfameandis

includedinmanyarchitecturetextbooks.Thebuildinghasaremarkableshapeandlookslikea

combinationof"blocks”.Actually,onemaystarthisjourneyofmodemarchitecturebywalkingor

takingtheW.M.DudokArchitecturalRouteinHilversum.

59.HilversumisdifferentfrommostoftheNetherlandsinthat.

A.ithasalargepopulation

B.itiscutofffrombigcities

C.ithasmanybeautifulgardens

D.itisinahillyareawithsandysoil

6O.WhatwasthegreatestcontributionoftheBrenninkmeijerstoHilversum?

A.BuildingarailwaylinktoAmsterdam

B.Helpingitstextileindustrytodevelop

C.Constructinglargevillasforthepoor

D.Assistingitsagriculturalindustry

61.ThebeginningofthemediaindustryinHilversumwasmarkedbytheestablishmentof.

A.aradiofactory

B.themedialcapital

C.aradiostation

D.aTVstation

62.WhatisknownaboutW.M.Dudok'sHilversumTownHall?

A.Itconsistsofapproximately75buildings

B.Itlookslikeanopenairmuseuminthecity

C.Itisaclassicexampleinarchitecturetextbooks

D.Ithasshapedmostof20thcenturyHilvesum.

【解析】

試題分析：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。介紹了荷蘭Hilversum這地區(qū)的地貌特征、工業(yè)發(fā)展和現(xiàn)

代建筑。

59.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)首段第二句"UnlikemostoftheNetherlands,Hilversumisactuallya

hillyarea…"可知Hilversum不同于荷蘭其他地方之處在于它屬于沙土丘陵地帶。故選D項(xiàng)。

60.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段倒數(shù)第三句"Theymovedinafterbigsuccessinthetextile

industryandaidedasubstantialtextileindustryinHilversumn可知Brcnnikmcijers為Hilversum

的紡織業(yè)做出了巨大的貢獻(xiàn)。故選B項(xiàng)。

61.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段首句"Thechangetoamediaeconomystartedin1920,...

establishedaradiofactoryinHilversum”可知Hilversum傳媒業(yè)興起的興起是以一家無(wú)線電廠

的建立為標(biāo)志的。故選A項(xiàng)。

62.C推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段倒數(shù)第三、四句"Hismasterpiece...Ithaswideinternational

fameandisincludedinmanyarchitecturetextbooks"可知W.M.Dudok'sHilversumTownHall

是建筑教科書中的一個(gè)典范。故選C項(xiàng)。

【考點(diǎn)定位】說(shuō)明文閱讀

【名師點(diǎn)睛】說(shuō)明文用平實(shí)的語(yǔ)言客觀地解釋或探討各種問(wèn)題，如機(jī)器的制造過(guò)程、自然或

社會(huì)現(xiàn)象產(chǎn)生的原因、工程項(xiàng)目的規(guī)劃或問(wèn)題的解決方案等，介紹自然科學(xué)、社會(huì)科學(xué)領(lǐng)域

的最新成果，社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展過(guò)程中出現(xiàn)的新生事物等。本文雖短短幾段，卻囊括了荷蘭小鎮(zhèn)

Hilversum的前世今生，把一個(gè)不怎么出名的小城栩栩如生地呈現(xiàn)在中國(guó)讀者的眼前。

3.[2015?湖北卷】E

Sciencehasalotofuses.Itcanuncoverlawsofnature,curediseases,makebombs,andhelp

bridgestostandup.Indeedscienceissogoodatwhatitdoesthatthere'salwaysatemptation（誘

惑）todragitintoproblemswhereitmaynotbehelpful.DavidBrooks,authorofTheSocial

Animal:TheHiddenSourcesofLove,Character,andAchievement,appearstobethelatestina

longlineofwriterswhohavefailedtoresistthetemptation.

Brooksgainedfameforseveralbooks.HislatestbookTheSocialAnimal,however,ismore

ambitiousandseriousthanhisearlierbooks.Itisanattempttodealwithasetofweightytopics.

Thebookfocusesonbigquestions:Whathassciencerevealedabouthumannature?Whatarethe

sourcesofcharacter?Andwhyaresomepeoplehappyandsuccessfulwhileothersaren't?

Toanswerthesequestions,Brookssurveysawiderangeofdisciplines（學(xué)科）.Considering

this,youmightexpectthebooktobeadryrecitationoffacts.ButBrookshasstructuredhisbook

inanunorthodox（非常規(guī)的），andperhapsunfortunate,way.Insteadofintroducingscientific

theories,hetellsastory,withinwhichhetriestomakehispoints,perhapsinordertokeepthe

reader'sattention.SoasHaroldandErica,theheroandheroineinhisstory,livethroughchildhood,

wehearaboutthescienceofchilddevelopmentandastheybegintodatewehearaboutthetheory

ofsexualattraction.Brookscarriesthisthroughtothedeathofoneofhischaracters.

Onthewhole,Brooks'sstoryisacceptableifuninspired.Asonewouldexpect,hiswritingis

mostlyclearand,tobefair,somechaptersstandoutabovetherest.Ienjoyed,fbrinstance,the

chapterinwhichHarolddiscovershowtothinkonhisown.WhileHaroldandEricaarecertainly

notstrongormemorablecharacters,themoreseriousproblemswithTheSocialAnimallie

elsewhere.TheseproblemspartlyinvolveBrooks'sattempttotranslatehistaleintoscience.

67.Theauthormentionsthefunctionsofscienceatthebeginningofthepassageto.

A.illustratewheresciencecanbeapplied

B.demonstratethevalueofBrooks'snewbook

C.remindthereaderoftheimportanceofscience

D.explainwhymanywritersusescienceintheirworks

68.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingcouldbeastrengthofthebook?

A.Itsstrongbasis.

B.Itsconvincingpoints.

C.Itsclearwriting.

D.Itsmemorablecharacters.

69.Whatistheauthor'sgeneralattitudetowardsthebook?

A.Contradictory.

B.Supportive.

C.Cautious.

D.Critical.

70.Whatistheauthorlikelytowriteaboutafterthelastparagraph?

A.Problemswiththebook.

B.Brooks'slifeexperience.

C.Deathofthecharacters.

D.Brooks'stranslationskills.

【解析】

試題分析：本文是一篇議論文。文章先列舉出科學(xué)的許多功能，接著指出科學(xué)有巨大的誘惑

力,以致許多作家抵擋不住這種誘惑，在文學(xué)作品中運(yùn)用到科學(xué)。并以Brooks的新書The

socialanimal為例，批判地分析這本書的優(yōu)勢(shì)和不足。

67.D寫作用意題。首段第一、二句首先列舉出科學(xué)的許多功能，接著指出科學(xué)有巨大的誘

惑力，以致許多作家抵擋不住這種誘惑，在文學(xué)作品中運(yùn)用到科學(xué)。故選D項(xiàng)。

68.C推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“…，hiswritingismostlyclearand,tobefair,somechapters

standoutabovetherest.Ienjoyed,...”可知作者認(rèn)為寫作思路清晰是這本書的?大優(yōu)勢(shì)。故選

C項(xiàng)。

69.D觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。最后一段中的鏈接詞“while”之前是這本書的優(yōu)勢(shì)，其后作者指出了其不

足。因此作者對(duì)這部書持批判的態(tài)度。故選D項(xiàng)。

70.A篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題。文章最后一段中鏈接詞“while”后面部分開始談?wù)撨@本書存在的問(wèn)題。因

此緊接著作者應(yīng)該還是在寫這本的不足。故選A項(xiàng)。

【考點(diǎn)定位】議論文閱讀

【名師點(diǎn)睛】議論說(shuō)理類文章具有以下特點(diǎn)：L一般按提出問(wèn)題、分析問(wèn)題、解決問(wèn)題的

方法寫作。作者?般從日常生活中的熱點(diǎn)問(wèn)題、社會(huì)上的重大問(wèn)題、與讀者息息相關(guān)的問(wèn)題

入手，即提出問(wèn)題。然后，分析利弊，舉例說(shuō)明，推理判斷，即分析問(wèn)題。最后，闡述觀點(diǎn)，

提出辦法，即解決問(wèn)題。2.以作者的觀點(diǎn)或情感為核心，對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)推理等方面進(jìn)行考查。3.文

章的主題一般是生活中的熱點(diǎn)問(wèn)題、重大問(wèn)題或與生活息息相關(guān)的問(wèn)題等?？忌鷳?yīng)注意抓住

作者提出的觀點(diǎn)、給出的例證及最后得出的結(jié)論。同時(shí)，理清作為論據(jù)的諸多事例和理由之

間以及它們和觀點(diǎn)/結(jié)論之間的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系，把握文章的結(jié)構(gòu)。

4.12015?北京卷】D

Technologicalchangeiseverywhereandaffectseveryaspectoflife,mostlyforthebetter.

However,socialchangesarebroughtaboutbynewtechnologyareoftenmistakenfbrachangein

attitudes.

Anexampleathandistheinvolvementofparentsinthelivesoftheirchildrenwhoareattending

college.Surveys（調(diào)查）onthistopicsuggeststhatparentstodaycontinuetobe"very"or

“somewhat“overly-protectiveevenaftertheirchildrenmoveintocollegedormitories.Thesame

surveysalsoindicatethattherateofparentalinvolvementisgreatertodaythanitwasageneration

ago.Thisisusuallyinterpretedasasignthattoday,sparentsaretryingtomanagetheirchildren's

livespastthepointwherethisbehaviorisappropriate.

However,greaterparentalinvolvementdoesnotnecessarilyindicatethatparentsarefailingtolet

gooftheirU6adulf,children.

Inthecontext（背景）ofthisdiscussion,itseemsvaluabletofirstfindoutthecauseofchangein

thecaseofparents5involvementwiththeirgrownchildren.Ifparentsofearliergenerationshad

wantedtobeintouchwiththeircollege-agechildrenfrequently,wouldthishavebeenpossible?

Probablynot.Ontheotherhand,doesthepossibilityoffrequentcommunicationtodaymeanthat

theurgetodosowasn'tpresentagenerationago?Manystudiesshowthatolderparents-today's

grandparents-wouldhavecalledtheirchildrenmoreoftenifthemeansandcostofdoingsohad

notbeenabarrier.

Furthermore,studiesshowthatfinancesarethemostfrequentsubjectofcommunicationbetween

parentsandtheircollegechildren.Thefactthatcollegestudentsarcfinanciallydependentontheir

parentsisnothingnew;norarerequestsfbrmoremoneytobesentfromhome.Thisphenomenon

isneithergoodnorbad;itisafactofcollegelife,todayandinthepast.

Thankstotheadvancedtechnology,weliveinanageofbetteredcommunication.Thishasmany

implicationswellbeyondtherolethatparentsseemtoplayinthelivesoftheirchildrenwhohave

leftforcollege.Butitisusefultobearinmindthatallsuchchangescomefromthetechnology

andnotsomeimagineddesirebyparentstokeeptheirchildrenundertheirwings.

67.Thesurveysinformusof.

A.thedevelopmentoftechnology

B.thechangesofadultchildren'sbehavior

C.theparents,over-protectionoftheircollegechildren

D.themeansandexpensesofstudents?communication

68.Thewriterbelievesthat.

A.parentstodayaremoreprotectivethanthoseinthepast

B.thedisadvantagesofnewtechnologyoutweighitsadvantages

C.technologyexplainsgreaterparentalinvolvementwiththeirchildren

D.parents*changedattitudesleadtocollegechildren'sdelayedindependence

69.Whatisthebesttitlefbrthepassage?

A.TechnologyorAttitude

B.DependenceorIndependence

C.FamilyInfluenceorSocialChanges

D.CollegeManagementorCommunicationAdvancement

70.Whichofthefollowingshowsthedevelopmentofideasinthispassage?

I：IntroductionP：PointSp：Sub-point（次要點(diǎn)）

C：Conclusion

【解析】

試題分析：以父母對(duì)于上大學(xué)的成年子女過(guò)度保護(hù)的問(wèn)題為例，提出了科技帶來(lái)的一些改變

容易被誤認(rèn)為態(tài)度的改變的論點(diǎn)。

67.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。答案在第二段第二句話，parentstodaycontinuestobe"very"or"somewhat”

overly-protectiveevenaftertheirchildrenmoveintocollegedormitories”調(diào)查顯示現(xiàn)在的父母在

孩子上大學(xué)之后仍然非?；蛘吣撤N程度上地過(guò)度保護(hù)子女。故選C。

68.C觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。第三段作者提出調(diào)查的結(jié)果并不能理解為現(xiàn)在的家長(zhǎng)對(duì)孩子不放手，接

下來(lái)的兩段作者論述了出現(xiàn)這種結(jié)果的真正原因是科技的發(fā)展使得交流手段更豐富，成本更

低廉。見第四段最后一句"Manystudiesshowthatolderparents—today'sgrandparents—would

havecalledtheirchildrenmoreoftenifthemeansandcostofdoingsohadnotbeenabarrier。最

后一段更是再次強(qiáng)調(diào)了這種觀點(diǎn)。故選C。

69.A主旨大意題。由第一段第二句話得出。這種科技的改變?nèi)菀妆徽`認(rèn)為態(tài)度的改變。第

2-5段討論到底是科技還是態(tài)度的改變。第6段再次明確表示是科技的改變。故選A。

70.B文章結(jié)構(gòu)題。文章第一段是introduction,第二段是第?個(gè)論點(diǎn)，指出父母在子女生活

中參與度提高的現(xiàn)象。第三段是第二個(gè)論點(diǎn)（關(guān)鍵詞However）,指出通過(guò)調(diào)查并不能推斷出

父母未能對(duì)子女放手，分論點(diǎn)一是科技的進(jìn)步導(dǎo)致父母對(duì)子女生活更多的參與，分論點(diǎn)二（關(guān)

鍵詞Furthermore）是子女經(jīng)濟(jì)不獨(dú)立導(dǎo)致父母對(duì)子女生活的過(guò)多參與。最后段總結(jié)。故選

【考點(diǎn)定位】議論文類閱讀

【名師點(diǎn)睛】要想讀懂議論文、理解作者的寫作意圖，關(guān)鍵在于是否能夠把握議論文的三

要素。首先，論點(diǎn)是作者對(duì)所論述事件的基本看法和立場(chǎng)，找準(zhǔn)論點(diǎn)有助于把握文章的整體

方向和理解文章主題的深層內(nèi)涵;理清論據(jù)材料的內(nèi)容能夠幫助讀者更深層次地理解論點(diǎn)的

含義；論據(jù)是作者組織、運(yùn)用論據(jù)的手法。

5.[2015?北京】D

FreedomandResponsibility

Freedom'schallengeintheDigitalAgeisaserioustopic.Wearefacingtodayastrangenew

worldandweareallwonderingwhatwearegoingtodowithit.

Some2,500yearsagoGreecediscoveredfreedom.Beforethattherewasnofreedom.There

weregreatcivilizations,splendidempires,butnofreedomanywhere.EgyptandBabylonwere

bothtyrannies,oneverypowerfulmanrulingoverhelplessmasses.

InGreece,inAthens（雅典），alittlecityinalittlecountry,therewerenohelplessmasses.

AndAthenianswillinglyobeyedthewrittenlawswhichtheythemselvespassed,andtheunwritten,

whichmustbeobeyediffreemenlivetogether.Theymustshoweachotherkindnessandpityand

themanyqualitieswithoutwhichlifewouldbeverypainfulunlessonechosetolivealoneinthe

desert.TheAtheniansneverthoughtthatamanwasfreeifhecoulddowhathewanted.Amanwas

freeifhewasself-controlled.Tomakeyourselfobeywhatyouapprovedwasfreedom.Theywere

savedfromlookingattheirlivesastheirownprivateaffair.Eachonefeltresponsibleforthe

welfareofAthens,notbecauseitwasforcedonhimfromtheoutside,butbecausethecitywashis

prideandhissafety.Theessentialbeliefofthefirstfreegovernmentintheworldwaslibertyfor

allmenwhocouldcontrolthemselvesandwouldtakeresponsibilityfbrthestate.

Butdiscoveringfreedomisnotlikediscoveringcomputers.Itcannotbediscoveredoncefbr

all.Ifpeopledonotprizeit,andworkfbrit,itwillgo.Constantwatchisitsprice.Athenschanged.

Itwasachangethattookplacewithoutbeingnoticedthoughitwasoftheextremeimportance,a

spiritualchangewhichaffectedthewholestate.IthadbeentheAthenian'sprideandjoytogiveto

theircity.Thattheycouldgetmaterialbenefitsfromherneverenteredtheirminds.Therehadto

beacompletechangeofattitudebeforetheycouldlookatthecityasanemployerwhopaidher

citizensfbrdoingherwork.Nowinsteadofmengivingtothestate,thestatewastogivetothem.

Whatthepeoplewantedwasagovernmentwhichwouldprovideacomfortablelifeforthem;and

withthisastheprimaryobject,ideasoffreedomandself-relianceandresponsibilitywere

neglectedtothepointofdisappearing.Athenswasmoreandmorelookedonasacooperative

businesspossessedofgreatwealthinwhichallcitizenshadarighttoshare.

Athensreachedthepointwhenthefreedomshereallywantedwasfreedomfrom

responsibility.Therecouldbeonlyoneresult.Ifmeninsistedonbeingfreefromtheburdenof

self-dependenceandresponsibilityforthecommongood,theywouldceasetobefree.

Responsibilityisthepriceeverymanmustpayforfreedom.Itistobehadonnootherterms.

Athens,theAthensofAncientGreece,refusedresponsibility;shereachedtheendoffreedomand

wasnevertohaveitagain.

But,“theexcellentbecomesthepermanent”,Aristotlesaid.Athenslostfreedomforever,but

freedomwasnotlostforeverfbrtheworld.AgreatAmerican,JamesMadison,referredto:"The

capacity（能力）ofmankindfbrself-government."Nodoubthehadnotanideathathewas

speakingGreek.Athenswasnotinthefarthestbackgroundofhismind,butoncemanhasagreat

andgoodidea,itisnevercompletelylost.TheDigitalAgecannotdestroyit.Somehowinthisor

thatman'sthoughtsuchanidealivesthoughunconsidcredbytheworldofaction.Onecannever

besurethatitisnotonthepointofbreakingoutintoactiononlysurethatitwilldososometime.

65.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordutyrannies''inParagraph2referto?

A.Countrieswheretheirpeopleneedhelp.B.Powerfulstateswithhigher

civilization.

C.Splendidempireswherepeopleenjoyfreedom.D.Governmentsruledwithabsolute

power.

66.Peoplebelievinginfreedomarethosewho.

A.regardtheirlifeastheirownbusinessB.seekgainsastheirprimaryobject

C.behavewithinthelawsandvaluesystemsD.treatotherswithkindnessandpity

67.WhatchangeinattitudetookplaceinAthens?

A.TheAtheniansrefusedtotaketheirresponsibility.

B.TheAtheniansnolongertookprideinthecity.

C.TheAtheniansbenefitedspirituallyfromthegovernment.

D.TheAthenianslookedonthegovernmentasabusiness.

68.WhatdoesthesentenceuTherecouldbeonlyoneresult/9inParagraph5mean?

A.Athenswouldcontinuetobefree.

B.Athenswouldceasetohavefreedom.

C.Freedomwouldcomefromresponsibility.

D.FreedomwouldstopAthensfromself-dependence.

69.WhydoestheauthorrefertoAristotleandMadison?

A.Theauthorishopefulaboutfreedom.

B.Theauthoriscautiousaboutself-government.

C.TheauthorisskepticalofGreekcivilization.

D.Theauthorisproudofman'scapacity.

70.Whatistheauthor'sunderstandingoffreedom?

A.Freedomcanbemorepopularinthedigitalage.

B.Freedommaycometoanendinthedigitalage.

C.Freedomshouldhavepriorityoverresponsibility.

D.Freedomneedstobeguaranteedbyresponsibility.

【解析】

試題分析：這是一篇?dú)v史文化類說(shuō)明文。文章講述了自由的起源、演變和它在古代文化下的

形態(tài)和缺陷，以及數(shù)字化世界給自山帶來(lái)的挑戰(zhàn)。

65.D詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞所在句子后半句"oneverypowerfulmanrulingoverhelpless

masses”可知tyrannies是指擁有絕對(duì)統(tǒng)治權(quán)的政府。故選D項(xiàng)。

66.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容可知，雅典人之所以能自由地生活在一起，是因?yàn)樗麄?/p>

能夠自愿在法律規(guī)定和價(jià)值體系下下從事一起活動(dòng)。故選C項(xiàng)。

67.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段內(nèi)容可知，雅典人后來(lái)態(tài)度發(fā)生了改變，因?yàn)樗麄冮_始認(rèn)為

政府應(yīng)該為他們的勞動(dòng)付費(fèi)，給他們提供舒適的生活，而個(gè)人的自律和責(zé)任意識(shí)變得淡薄。

故選A項(xiàng)。

68.B句意理解題。根據(jù)第五段第三句"Ifmeninsistedonbeingfreefromtheburdenof

sell-dependenceandresponsibilityforthecommongood,theywouldceasetobefree”可知唯一

的結(jié)果就是雅典人不再享有自由。故選B項(xiàng)。

69.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段第二句"Athenslostfreedomforever,butfreedomwasnotlost

foreverfortheworld."及“Athenswasnotinthefarthestbackgroundofhismind,butonceman

hasagreatandgoodidea,itisnevercompletelylost.TheDigitalAgecannotdestroyit.“可知作

者并沒(méi)有因此而失去信心，相反對(duì)自由充滿了希望。故選A項(xiàng)。

70.D觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。作者通過(guò)雅典人對(duì)自山態(tài)度變化的對(duì)比，得出自由需要責(zé)任的保證這一

結(jié)論，故選D項(xiàng)。

【考點(diǎn)定位】歷史文化類說(shuō)明文閱讀

【名師點(diǎn)睛】英語(yǔ)閱讀屬于跨文化交際活動(dòng),除語(yǔ)言因素外,它還受到中西文化差異的影響。

考生既要扎實(shí)書本知識(shí)，也要廣泛閱讀，不斷提高自己的知識(shí)廣度，有意識(shí)地多了解文化背

景知識(shí)，多關(guān)注社會(huì)熱點(diǎn)，這樣才能做到游刃有余。

6.[2015?廣東】B

WhenIwasnineyearsold,Ilovedtogofishingwithmydad.Buttheonlythingthatwasn't

veryfunaboutitwasthathecouldcatchmanyfishwhileIcouldn'tcatchanything.Iusuallygot

prettyupsetandkeptaskinghimwhy.Healwaysanswered,"Son,ifyouwanttocatchafish,you

havetothinklikeafish”,Irememberbeingevenmoreupsetthenbecause,'Tmnotafish!”I

didn'tknowhowtothinklikeafish.Besides,Ireasoned,howcouldwhatIthinkinfluencewhata

fishdoes?

AsIgotalittleolderIbegantounderstandwhatmydadreallymeant.So,Ireadsomebooks

onfish.AndIevenjoinedthelocalfishingclubandstartedattendingthemonthlymeetings.I

learnedthatafishisacold-bloodedanimalandthereforeisverysensitivetowatertemperature.

Thatiswhyfishprefershallowwatertodeepwaterbecausetheformeriswarmer.Besides,water

isusuallywannerindirectsunlightthanintheshade.Yet,fishdon'thaveanyeyelids（眼皮）and

thesunhutstheireyes...ThemoreIunderstoodfish,themoreIbecameeffectiveatfindingand

catchingthem..

WhenIgrewupandenteredthebusinessworld,Irememberhearingmyfirstbosssay,“We

allneedtothinklikesalespeople.^^Butitdidn'tcompletelymakesense.Mydadneveroncesaid,

“Ifyouwanttocatchafishyouneedtothinklikeafisherman.^^Whathesaidwas,“Youneedto

thinklikeafish."Yearslater,withgreateffortstopromotelong-termservicestopeoplemuch

olderandricherthanme,Igraduallylearnedwhatweallneedistothinkmorelikecustomers.Itis

notaneasyjob.Iwillshowyouhowinthefollowingchapters.

31.Whywastheauthorupsetinfishingtripswhenhewasnine?

A.Hecouldnotcatchafish.

B.Hisfatherwasnotpatientwithhim.

C.Hisfatherdidnotteachhimfishing.

D.Hecouldnotinfluenceafishashisfatherdid.

32.Whatdidtheauthor^fatherreallymean?

A.Toreadaboutfish.

B.Tolearnfishingbyoneself.

C.Tounderstandwhatfishthink.

D.Tostudyfishinginmanyways.

33.Accordingtotheauthor,fisharemostlikelytobefound.

A.indeepwateronsunnydays

B.indeepwateroncloudydays

C.inshallowwaterundersunlight

D.inshallowwaterunderwatersidetrees.

34.Afterenteringthebusinessworld,theauthorfound.

A.iteasytothinklikeacustomer

B.hisfather'sfishingadviceinspiring

C.hisfirstboss'ssalesideasreasonable

D.itdifficulttosellservicestopoorpeople

35.Thispassagemostlikelycomesfrom.

A.afishingguide

B.apopularsalesbook

C.anovelonchildhood

D.amillionaire'sbiography

【解析】

試題分析：本文敘述「作者通過(guò)以父親教授他釣魚時(shí)，要像魚一樣思考，學(xué)會(huì)釣魚的道理，

告訴大家從事商業(yè)銷售時(shí)要像消費(fèi)者一樣去思考。

31.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一-段的Butthatwasn'tveryfunaboutitwasthathecouldcatchmany

fishwhileIcouldn'tcatchanything.Iusuallygotprettyupset,可知作者感到難過(guò)，是因?yàn)樗?/p>

捉不到一條魚。故選A。

32.D推理判斷題。根據(jù)ThemoreIunderstoodfish,themoreIbecameeffectiveatfindingand

catchingthem.“我越了解魚，我越能有效的找到魚，抓住魚”可知此處父親的意思是要我了

解釣魚的方法，故選D。

33.D推理判斷題。根據(jù)Thatiswhyfishprefershallowwatertodeepwater可知魚喜歡在淺水

里，不喜歡在深水里，故排除AB兩項(xiàng)。根據(jù)waterisusuallywarmerindirectsunlightthanin

theshade.Yet,fishdon'thaveanyeyelids（眼皮）andthesunhurtstheireyes.可知魚喜歡呆在

陰涼處，不喜歡呆在陽(yáng)光直射的地方，故排除C項(xiàng)。D項(xiàng)水邊樹下的淺水處，是魚喜歡呆

的地方，故此處更有可能發(fā)現(xiàn)魚。故選D。

34.B推理判斷題。根據(jù)Igraduallylearnedwhatweallneedistothinkmorelikecustomers”我

逐漸了解我們需要像消費(fèi)者一樣去思考”這與父親的“Youneedtothinklikeafish”相似，

因此這是父親的話給他的啟發(fā)。故選B。

35.B推理判斷題。根據(jù)Itisnotaneasyjob.Iwillshowyouhowinthefollowingchapters"這

不是一份輕松的工作，我將在下面幾章里向你們展示如何去做”，故推斷這是在教授大家如

何去銷售的書。故選B。

【考點(diǎn)定位】故事類