大學進階英語綜合教程-Unit-2-中國轉(zhuǎn)型China-in-Transition

ChinainTransition2Uponcompletionofthisunit,youareexpectedto:haveathoroughunderstandingofthetextcontextuallyandlinguistically;expandyourvocabularyabouturbanization/urbanmigrationandknowhowtousethekeywordsandexpressionsincontextproperly; haveaclearideaofhowurbanizationandurbandevelopmenthasbroughtaboutchangesinChinesecities,whaturbanizationmeanstovillagesacrossthecountryandwhatimpactitwillhaveonthepopulation; takepartinadiscussiononurbanizationinChina;writeadescriptiveessay.■■■■■UnitGoalsContentsPartOneWarmingUpPartTwoGeneralandCloseReadingTextStructureFocusingonLanguageinContextThemeExploration*PartThreeIntegratedSkillsPracticingWritingTranslationFocusingongrammarinContext

InChina,theprocessofrapidurbanizationandindustrializationhasresultedinmassiverural-to-urbanmigrationoverthelastthreedecades.AccordingtotheChinesegovernmentstatistics,in2020,almostoneoutofeveryfiveChinese—290millionpeople—wererural-to-urbanmigrantworkers.Inthisunit,weexplorewhatgigantictransformationhasmeantforthelivesofthoselivinginthecitiesandthoseremaininginthecountryside.UrbanizationinChinahasbeentakingplaceatanincrediblepace,transforminglandscapesandwaysoflifebeyondallrecognition.Whatproblemscomealongwithurbanization?Whatmeasuresshouldbetakentoaddresstheseproblems?Beforewatchingavideoclipfromadocumentaryreadthesequestionsandanswerthemafterclip..1.Whatdotheforeignvisitorsthinkofthishutong?2.Whatdotheforeignvisitorsthinkofthishutong?.TEXTInrecentyearsmanyofBeijing’sworld-famoushutongdistrictshavebeentorndowntomakewayforurbanredevelopment.Formerresidentscanlookforwardtoenjoyingimprovedfacilitiesinmoremodernaccommodation,butfacethelossofacommunityspiritthatisdifficulttoreproduce.PeterHessler:anauthorisaforeigncorrespondentforTheNewYorker

magazine.

HutongKarmaKarma

Karmareferstothespiritualprincipleofcauseandeffectwhereintentandactionsofanindividual(cause)influencethefutureofthatindividual(effect).

因果報應指的是事物的起因和結(jié)果，即種什么因，結(jié)什么果，是行善積德與行兇作惡的因果循環(huán)規(guī)律。Whatdoesthearticletalkabout?Fromtheperspective(角度)ofaforeignerlivinginthecity,author'sfocusisfirmlyfixedondescribingthelivesofthoselivinginthehutong.

GistforArticle

Thetablebelowsummarizestheevents/peopleandthespecificdetails.Completethetableandthencomparenoteswithyourpartner.1TextOrganizationParagraphsEvents/PeopleSpecificdetails1introduction:thelocationandtheoriginofLittleJu’erHutongAmilenorthoftheForbiddenCity,itbeginsinthewest,passesthroughthreeturns,exitstothesouth.ItwasnamedLittleJu’er,becauseitconnectswiththelargerstreetknownasJu’erHutong.2thecharacteristicsofhutongItiscomprisedofsingle-storyhomesofbrick,wood,andtilewithasharedentranceandpublictoilets,muchofitsneighborhoodbeingcommunal.3-4outdoorexercisestationsandtheirroleincommunitylifeAtthesestationspeoplecanspin

giantwheels,pushleversandswing

onpendulums.Inaddition,theyofferaperfectchanceforsocializing.ParagraphsEvents/PeopleSpecificdetails5thepublictoiletItwasrebuiltwithrunningwater,infrared-automatedflush,andsignsinthreelanguagesandfreetoiletpaper.6-7theW.C.ClubWithcouches,chessboard,foldingchairs,andwoodencabinetstockedwithbeerglasses,ithostedweekendbarbecues.OnceitacquiredatelevisionforresidentstowatchthenationalteamplayintheWorldCup.ParagraphsEvents/PeopleSpecificdetails8-11Mr.WangAsasmallshopowner,hewasveryactiveincommunitylife.HesetuptheW.C.Club.Whenbarbecueswereheldonweekendnights,hesuppliedcigarettes,beer,etc.,alwayscontributingmorethanhisshare,andhewasalwaysthelasttoleave.ThuspeoplecalledhimGoodOldWang.HavinglivedthereformanydecadeshewasalsothewitnessofsomanychangesthathappenedinLittleJu’er.ParagraphsEvents/PeopleSpecificdetails12theessenceofthehutongTheessenceofthehutonghadmoretodowithspiritthanstructure.ItwasthewaythatpeoplelikeMr.Wanginteractedwiththeirenvironment.13-16hutongkarmaThehutonghasgonethroughcountlessincarnations:Manchus,Nationalists,Yugoslavians,etc.overthepastcenturies.1

Forthepastfiveyears,I’velivedaboutamilenorthoftheForbiddenCityinanapartmentbuildingoffatinyalleywayindowntownBeijing.Myalleyhasnoofficialname,anditbeginsinthewest,passesthroughthreeninety-degreeturns,andexitstothesouth.LocalscallmyalleyLittleJu’er,becauseitconnectswiththelargerstreetknownasJu’erHutong.passthroughThebodyisunabletotakeinmoreproteinthannecessary.Anyextrawilljustpassthrough.身體無法攝取過多的蛋白質(zhì)，多余的就排出了。Ipassedthroughanicegardenonmywaytothemuseum.去博物館時我穿過一個漂亮的花園。makeapassageorjourneyfromoneplacetoanother經(jīng)過；穿過胡同因緣彼得·海勒斯過去五年間，我一直住在北京紫禁城北面大約一英里處一條小巷附近的公寓樓里。這條巷子沒有正式名稱，從西邊開始，拐三個直角到南邊就到頭了。當?shù)厝斯苓@條巷子叫小菊兒，因為它跟一條叫做菊兒胡同的大一點的巷子相通。

（Para.1）2

Iliveinamodernthree-storybuilding,butit’ssurroundedbythesingle-storyhomesofbrick,wood,andtilethatarecharacteristicofhutong.Thesestructuresstandbehindwallsofgraybrick,andoftenavisitortooldBeijingisimpressedbythesenseofdivision:wallafterwall,graybrickupongraybrick.Butactuallyahutong

neighborhoodismostdistinguishedbyconnectionsandmovement.Dozensofhouseholdsmightshareasingleentrance,andalthoughtheoldresidenceshaverunningwater,fewpeoplehaveprivatebathrooms,sopublictoiletsplayamajorroleinlocallife.Inahutong,muchiscommunal,includingthealleyitself.Eveninwinter,residentsbundleupandsitintheroad,chattingwiththeirneighbors.Streetvendorspassthroughregularly,becausethehutongaretoosmallforsupermarkets.becharacteristicofHisexceptionalheightappearedtobecharacteristicofthefamily.他不同尋常的身高顯然是家庭特征。betypicalordistinctiveof是……特有的Thatproblemwasfairlycharacteristicoflateeighteenthcenturysociety.那是18世紀后期社會上比較典型的一個問題。neighborhoodThefireledtorumorsaboutitscauseintheneighborhood.大火引發(fā)了街坊鄰里對起火原因的種種謠傳。n.asurroundingornearbyregion街坊，社區(qū)

neighborvt.

distinguishShewasdistinguishedfromtheotherapplicantsbyhercommunicationskills.她的溝通能力使她從其他申請人中脫穎而出。beadistinctivefeatureof是……的特征，使……有別于Thereissomethingaboutmusicthatdistinguishesitfromallotherartforms.音樂的某種特質(zhì)使其有別于所有其他藝術(shù)形式。playa(major/leading/significant)roleinLanguageskillsplayarole

inthejobmarket.語言技能在就業(yè)市場中有其作用。haveaparticularpositionandfunctionin在……中起作用Butyou'reright,thatcanplayaroleinconclusion.但是你是對的，它能做結(jié)論。bundleupThechildrenbundledupagainstthecold.天冷，孩子們都穿得暖暖的。dresswarmly

穿得暖和Francisbundledupherclothesagainintotheirsmallsack.弗朗西斯再次把她的衣服塞進他們的小袋子。我住的是一棟現(xiàn)代化的三層樓房，但周圍全都是典型的磚瓦木結(jié)構(gòu)的胡同平房。這些房屋坐落在灰色磚墻之后，這種分隔之感往往令去北京老城區(qū)的訪客印象深刻：清一色的灰磚，一道又一道的墻。其實鄰居相互之間的聯(lián)系和交往才是胡同鄰里的特點。往往幾十來戶人家進出一個大門，老宅院雖有自來水，但很少有人家有獨立的衛(wèi)生間，于是對街坊而言，公共廁所就非常重要。胡同里啥都是公用的，包括巷子本身。即便在冬天，街坊居民都會裹得嚴嚴實實坐在路邊和鄰居聊天。小販是常來常往，因為胡同太窄，沒地兒開超市。

（Para.2）3

NotlongafterImovedintoLittleJu’er,Beijingsteppedupitscampaigntohostthe2008Games,andtracesofOlympicglorybegantotouchthehutong.InordertoboosttheathleticismandhealthofaverageBeijingresidents,thegovernmentconstructedhundredsofoutdoorexercisestations.Attheexercisestations,peoplecanspingiantwheelswiththeirhands,pushbigleversthatoffernoresistance,andswingonpendulumslikechildrenatapark.InthegreaterBeijingregion,thestationsareeverywhere,evenintinyfarmingvillagesbytheGreatWall.stepupputmoreeffortinto,increase

加強，增強Themeetingendedwithapledgetostepupcooperationbetweenthesixstatesoftheregion.會議以承諾加強這一地區(qū)六國間的合作而結(jié)束。campaignn.aplannedsetofactivitiesinordertoachievesth.運動Thereisacampaigntoreduceharmfulvehicleemissions.有一個減少車輛有害氣體排放的運動。hostThelocalartists’associationwillhostanartexhibitionnextmonth.下個月當?shù)厮囆g(shù)家協(xié)會將主辦一個藝術(shù)展。vt.bethehostoforfor做……的東道主，主辦Barcelonawaschosentohostthe1992Olympicgames.巴塞羅那獲選為1992年奧運會的主辦城市。traceThepolicewasnotabletofindanytraceoftherobbers.警方找不到劫匪的影蹤。Hespokewithatraceofsarcasm.他語含譏誚。n.averysmallamount;afootprintorotherindicationofthepassageofananimalorperson少許，微量；痕跡…thehutongbenefitedfromthecampaigntohostthe2008Games.小菊兒胡同也就沾上了一點兒奧運的光輝?！璽racesofOlympicglorybegantotouchthehutong.(Para.3)boostThegovernmentencouragesinvestmenttoboost

localbusiness.政府鼓勵投資以促進當?shù)厣虡I(yè)活動。Strongdemandbooststhepriceofgold.強勁的需求推動了黃金價格上漲。vt.causetoincrease,improve,orbemoresuccessful促進；推動P48inorderto的用法：inorderto意為“為了……”，表示目的；在用法和意義上相當于soasto結(jié)構(gòu)，但是inorderto結(jié)構(gòu)可以用于句首、句中，而soasto多用于句中。其否定式分別為：inordernotto和soasnotto。inorderto和soasto在句中表示目的時，?？梢赞D(zhuǎn)化成inorderthat或sothat引導的目的狀語從句。e.g.Weshouldworkhardinorderto/soastopasstheexam.Weshouldworkhardinorderthat/sothatwecanpasstheexam.為了能通過考試，我們應該努力學習。

spinCanyouspinapencilonyourfinger?你會在手指上轉(zhuǎn)鉛筆嗎？vt.(causeto)turnroundandroundrapidly（使）旋轉(zhuǎn)Justspinthewashingandit'snearlydry.只需要將洗好的衣物脫水，它就差不多干了。swingThependulumofthegrandfatherclockinthehallkeptswingingfromsidetoside.大廳里落地大座鐘的鐘擺不停地擺來擺去。vi.movetoandfrowhilehanging搖蕩；輕快地搖擺Thesailofthelittleboatswungcrazilyfromonesidetotheother.小船的帆猛烈地左右搖擺著。

我搬來小菊兒沒多久，北京就開始大力申辦2008年奧運會，小菊兒胡同也就沾上了一點兒奧運的光輝。為了提高北京普通市民的體育精神，增強體質(zhì)，政府興建了好幾百個戶外健身站。在那里，人們可以用手旋轉(zhuǎn)巨輪，推不帶阻力的大杠桿，還可以像兒童在公園那樣在一個搖擺器上蕩來蕩去。這樣的戶外健身站遍布大北京地區(qū)，連長城腳下的農(nóng)家小村落里都能見到。

（Para.3）4

Butnobodyappreciatestheexercisestationsmorethanhutongresidents.Themachinesarescatteredthroughoutoldpartsofthecity,tuckedintonarrowalleyways.Atdawnanddusk,theyareespeciallybusy—olderpeoplemeetingroupstochatandtakeafewroundsonthependulum.Onwarmevenings,mensitidlyonthemachinesandsmokecigarettes.Theworkoutstationsareperfectfortheultimatehutongsport:hangingaroundinthestreetwiththeneighbors.scatterTheoldmanleftawillthat,uponhisdeath,hisashesshouldbescatteredontheocean.老人留下遺囑，去世后骨灰撒入大海。vt.spreadout分散；散布Shetoretheroseapartandscatteredthepetalsoverthegrave.她掰開玫瑰花，將花瓣撒在墳墓上。tuckThemothertuckedtheboyinbed.母親把孩子放上床，掖好被子。vt.fitsnuglyinto;insert塞進，擠進Hetriedtotuckhisflappingshirtinsidehistrousers.他設(shè)法把飄起的襯衫塞到褲子里。hangaroundWhydoestheboyneverhangaroundwithkidsofhisage?這男孩怎么從不跟同齡孩子一起玩？spendtimesomewheredoingnothing閑蕩；廝混It'salegacywhichwillhangaroundthecountry'sneckforsometimetocome.這項遺留問題在未來的一段時間內(nèi)仍將困擾這個國家。最欣賞健身站的要數(shù)胡同里的居民了。建在老城區(qū)狹窄小巷里的運動器材到處可見。清晨和黃昏是用得最多的時段——那些上了年紀的三五成群，侃幾句，然后再在搖擺器上蕩幾下。晚上要是天暖和，那些爺們懶洋洋地坐在器材上抽煙。與街坊鄰居聚在一塊兒，悠閑地消磨時光，是最受歡迎的胡同娛樂，健身站為此提供了最佳場所。（Para.4）5Attheendof2000,aspartofthecitywidepre-Olympiccampaigntoimprovesanitationfacilities,thegovernmentrebuiltthepublictoiletattheheadofJu’erHutong.Thebuildinghadrunningwater,infrared-automatedflushtoilets,andsignsinChinese,English,andBraille.Userswereentitledtofreetoiletpaper.Grayrooftoptilesrecalledtraditionalhutong

architecture.Indeed,thechangewasdramatic.Braille

Braille/breIl/:

awritingsystemusedbypeoplewhoare

blindorvisuallyimpaired.

布萊葉盲文是專為盲人設(shè)計的文字，通過紙張上不同組合的凸點組成，由法國人路易·布萊葉發(fā)明。attheheadofAgroupofrailwayworkerswereattheheadoftheprocession.走在隊列前的是一群鐵路工人。inthefrontof在……的前面Hemarchedintothecityattheheadofalargeforce.他率領(lǐng)大部隊進城。beentitledtoEveryoneisentitledtotheiropinion.每一個人都有權(quán)表達自己的觀點。havetherightto有權(quán)，有資格Every

worker

will

be

entitled

to

four

weeks’paid

holidaya

year.

每位工人每年都能享受四周的帶薪休假。recallIcan’trecallwhatmymomwantedmetobuyforher.我想不起來我媽要我買什么了。vt.calltomind使想起Hehadagoodmemoryandcouldrecallherspokenwords.他記憶力很好，她當時說的話他全都記得起來。dramaticThenewpolicyhasresultedinadramaticincreaseinproductivity.新政策帶來了生產(chǎn)力的急劇增長。a.excitingandimpressive激動人心的；引人注目的Afifthyearofdroughtisexpectedtohavedramatic

effectsontheCaliforniaeconomy.第五年旱災預計會對加利福尼亞的經(jīng)濟產(chǎn)生巨大影響。

2000年底，作為全市迎奧運、改善衛(wèi)生設(shè)施的一項舉措，政府翻修了菊兒胡同口的公共廁所。公廁里有自來水、紅外感應自動沖水馬桶，還有中文、英文、盲文三種文字標識，還提供免費廁紙。屋頂?shù)幕彝呤谷讼肫饌鹘y(tǒng)的胡同建筑。那可真叫改天換地啊。

（Para.5）6

Meanwhile,Ju’erresidentstookfulladvantageofthewell-keptpublicspacethatfrontedthenewtoilet.OldYang,thelocalbicyclerepairman,storedhistoolsandextrabikesthere,andinthefallcabbagevendorssleptonthestripofgrassthatborderedthebathroom.WangZhaoxin,whoranthecigaretteshopnextdoor,arrangedsomeripped-upcouchesaroundthetoiletentrance.Someoneelsecontributedachessboard.Foldingchairsappeared,alongwithawoodencabinetstockedwithbeerglasses.takeadvantageofAwisepersonknowshowtotakeadvantageofsmartpeoplearoundhim.智者懂得如何獲益于身邊的聰明人。makeuseof利用IndustrialistsmustmovefasttotakeadvantageofnewopportunitiesinEasternEurope.實業(yè)家們必須盡快采取行動，抓住東歐的新機遇。borderThenewairportbordersthecityonthenorth.新機場在北邊，毗鄰該城。vt.benextto和……毗鄰；與……接壤Ourgardenborderstherailway.我們的花園毗連鐵路。contributeShecontributesgenerouslytocharity.她慷慨行善。vi.give(money,support,etc.)foracommonpurpose捐獻；捐助Thethreesonsalsocontributetothefamilybusiness.這三個兒子也為家族事業(yè)做出貢獻。alongwithThechairmanwenttotheconferencealongwithhissecretary.主席和秘書一起參加會議。Iatesomechocolatealongwithsomefruit.我吃了巧克力，還有水果。inadditionto;togetherwithsb.orsth.除……以外，還有；一起，陪伴stockTheresidentshadstockeddrinkingwaterandfoodagainstthestorm.暴雨將臨，居民們儲存起飲用水和食品。vt.儲備；貯存Theshopstockseverythingfromcigarettestorecycledloopaper.商店貨品齊全，從香煙到再生廁紙應有盡有。

與此同時，菊兒胡同的街坊充分利用起公廁前維護良好的公共空間。當?shù)匦拮孕熊嚨睦蠗睿ㄒ簦┌压ぞ吆投嘤嗟能嚩蚜诉^去，到了秋天，賣白菜的小販就睡在廁所旁的草地上。隔壁煙雜店的王照欣（音）在廁所入口處擺了幾個破沙發(fā)。有人拿來了棋盤，折疊椅跟著就出現(xiàn)了，還有個放著啤酒杯的木柜。

（Para.6）7

Afterawhile,therewassomuchfurniture,andsomanypeoplethereeverynight,thatWangZhaoxindeclaredtheformationofthe“W.C.Julebu”:theW.C.Club.Membershipwasopentoall,althoughthereweredisputesaboutwhoshouldbechairman.Asaforeigner,Ijoinedinthefun.Onweekendnights,theclubhostedbarbecuesinfrontofthetoilet.WangZhaoxinsuppliedcigarettes,beer,andgrainalcohol,andMr.Cao,adriverfortheXinhuanewsservice,discussedwhatwashappeninginthepapers.Thecoal-firedgrillwasattendedtobyahandicappedmannamedChu.Becauseofhisdisability,Chuwaslicensedtodriveasmallmotorizedcart,whichmadeiteasyforhimtotransportskewersofmuttonthroughthehutong.Inthesummerof2002,whentheChinesemen’ssoccerteammadehistorybyplayinginitsfirstWorldCup,theW.C.Clubacquiredatelevision,pluggeditintothebathroom,andmercilesslymockedthenationalteamasitfailedtoscoreasinglegoalthroughoutthetournament.

beopentoThisscholarshipisopentoallcurrentstudentsattheDepartmentofPublicHealth.該獎學金面向公共衛(wèi)生系全體學生。Oneshouldalwaysbeopentonewideasandopportunities.一個人應該始終對新觀念和新機遇持開放態(tài)度。對……開放的disputeThecompanylostapaydisputewithanemployee.該公司在一起員工薪酬爭議中落敗。n.argumentordisagreement辯論，爭論Thecommissionisindisputewiththegovernment.委員會與政府持不同意見。attendtoIneedababy-sittertoattendtomybabytomorrowevening.明天晚上我需要找人照看我的孩子。takecareof;lookafter照料，照顧Thestaffwillhelpfullyattendtoyourneeds.工作人員會幫忙滿足您的需求。makehistoryTheprimeministerwasanxioustomakehistory.首相一心想要創(chuàng)造歷史。dosth.veryimportant,esp.tobethefirsttodosth.創(chuàng)造歷史WewillmakehistoryandtherewillbenomorecoupsinThailand.我們將創(chuàng)造歷史，泰國將不再發(fā)生政變。acquireIt’samazingthatchildrenacquirelanguagesofast.孩子學語言那么快，真不可思議。Ihopetoacquirevaluableworksofartascheaplyaspossible.我希望盡可能便宜地獲得有價值的藝術(shù)品。vt.obtain;achievenativeornative-likecommandof獲得，得到；習得；學會

沒多久，那里就有了好多家具，每天晚上又有好多人，于是王照欣宣布成立“廁所俱樂部”。人人都可加入，不過誰當主席引起了一番爭執(zhí)。身為老外，我也樂于參與其中。每到周末晚上，俱樂部歡迎大家到廁所前燒烤。王照欣提供香煙、啤酒和糧食酒，新華社開車的曹先生（音）和大家侃侃報上說的那些事兒?？垂芴紵炯艿氖莻€殘疾人，姓儲（音）。因為是殘疾人，他有執(zhí)照開一輛小型機動車，這使他搬運羊肉串穿過胡同比較方便。2002年夏天，中國男足破天荒踢進世界杯，廁所俱樂部弄了臺電視機，把它插進廁所的電插座；國足在世界杯上一個球也沒進，大伙兒毫不留情地一起開涮。

（Para.7）8

WangZhaoxinmodestlyrefusedthetitleofChairmanalthoughhewastheobviouschoice,becausenobodyelsehadseensomanychangesintheneighborhood.Wang’sparentshadmovedtoJu’erHutongin1951.Backthen,Beijing’searly-fifteenth-centurylayoutwasstillintact,anditwasuniqueamongmajorworldcapitals:anancientcityvirtuallyuntouchedbymodernityorwar.obviousThechallengefromthejournalistwasanobvious

embarrassmenttotheofficial.顯而易見，記者的質(zhì)問令官員無比尷尬。a.easytoseeorunderstand明顯的；顯然的Therearesomeveryobviousphrasesthatweallknoworcertainlyshouldknowbetterthantouse.我們都知道或是肯定應該知道，有些說法已毫無新意，最好避免使用。intactThecargowasleftintactinspiteoftheaccident.事故中貨物沒有受到損壞。a.undamaged;complete原封不動的；完好無損的Ifthefamilyunitisstillintact,thepatientfrequentlydoesverywell.如果家庭仍然完整，病人常?；謴偷煤芎?。

王照欣謙虛地謝絕主席這個頭銜，雖然他明顯是最合適的人選，因為對這個社區(qū)的種種變化，他見的比誰都多。1951年王照欣的父母搬進菊兒胡同。那時的北京城仍完好地保留著15世紀初的格局，在世界大都城中，這是獨一無二的：一座幾乎沒有受到現(xiàn)代化或戰(zhàn)爭破壞的古城。（Para.8）9

Duringthe1990sandearly2000s,astheWangshawkedcigarettesinJu’erHutong,developerssoldmostofoldBeijing.Fewsectionsofthecitywereprotected.Wheneverahutongwasdoomed,itsbuildingsweremarkedwithahugepaintedcharactersurroundedbyacircle:拆“pulldown,dismantle.”doomHeroesinGreektragediessetoutontheirjourneysdespiteknowingtheyweredoomed.古希臘悲劇中的英雄即便知道前途兇險也毅然上路。Withthewindblowingharderandharder,wegaveupourdoomedattemptstoraiseatent.風越來越大，我們怎么也搭不起帳篷，只好放棄。vt.make(sth./sb.)certaintofailordie使注定失敗或死亡；使在劫難逃

從20世紀90年代到21世紀初，也就是王家人在菊兒胡同兜售香煙那陣子，開發(fā)商把老北京差不多都賣了。幾乎就沒什么留下的。哪個胡同劫數(shù)到了，胡同的房屋上就會寫上一個大字“拆”（拆就是拆除的意思），外面再劃上一個圈。（Para.9）10

LikemanyBeijingpeopleIknew,WangZhaoxinwaspractical,good-humored,andunsentimental.Hisgenerositywaswellknown—localshadnicknamedhimWangLaoshan,GoodOldWang.HealwayscontributedmorethanhissharetoaW.C.Clubbarbecue,andhewasalwaysthelasttoleave.Heusedtosaythatitwasonlyamatteroftimebeforemorebuildingsinourneighborhoodwerepulleddown,butheneverdwelledonthefuture.

dwellonAgreatplayerdwellsonwhathe/shedoeswell.會玩的人會思考自己優(yōu)勢在哪里。I’drathernotdwellonthepast.過去的事我不愿多想。thinkortalkalotorforquitealongtime細想；詳述

像我所認識的不少北京人一樣，王照欣講究實際、脾氣好、不感情用事。他的大方是出了名的——街坊鄰里都叫他王老善——好心的老王。每次廁所俱樂部燒烤他出的份比別人多，而且總是最后一個走。他常說街坊里更多的房子早晚也得拆，不過他從來不多想未來的事。

（Para.10）11

Foryears,GoodOldWanghadpredicteddemolition,andinSeptemberof2005,whenhisapartmentbuildingwasfinallytorndown,hemovedoutwithoutcomplaint.Hehadalreadysoldthecigaretteshop,becausethemarginshadfallentoolow.Andnowtherewasnodoubtwhohadbeenthetruechairman,becausetheW.C.Clubdiedassoonasheleftthehutong.moveoutUrbansprawlisaresultofpeoplemovingoutfurtherandfurtherawayfromdowntown.城鎮(zhèn)擴張源于人們從市中心越搬越遠。

遷出；搬走TheyhadahugerowandSallymovedoutofthehouse.他們大吵一架之后薩莉搬了出來。12

Theessenceofthehutonghadmoretodowithspiritthanstructure:itwasn’tthebrickandtilesandwoodthatmattered;itwasthewaythatpeopleinteractedwiththeirenvironment.Andthisenvironmenthadalwaysbeenchanging,whichcreatedresidentslikeGoodOldWang,whowaspragmatic,resourceful,andflexible.Therewasnoreasonforsuchpeopletofeelthreatenedbytheinitialincursionsofmodernity—ifanything,

suchelementstendedtodrawoutthehutongspirit,becauseresidentsimmediatelyfoundcreativewaystoincorporateaMcDonald’soranOlympictoiletintotheirroutines.essenceCarefulplanningisoftheessenceinaprojectofthistype.此類項目的關(guān)鍵在于計劃周密。n.themostvitalpart本質(zhì)，精髓Theessenceofconsultationistolistento,andtakeaccountof,theviewsofclients.咨詢的精髓就在于傾聽并考慮客戶的觀點。resourcefulYouwilllearntobecreativeandresourcefulwhennooneisaroundtohelp.沒人幫你，你就會發(fā)揮創(chuàng)造力，開動腦筋。a.cleveratfindingwaysofdoingthings辦法多的，足智多謀的Hewasamazinglyinventiveandresourceful,andplayedamajorroleinmycareer.他極具創(chuàng)造力，而且足智多謀，在我的職業(yè)生涯中起了重要的作用。threatenTheybrokemywindowsandthreatenedmewithagun.他們砸了我的窗，用槍威脅我。vt.威脅；恐嚇Thenewcomersdirectlythreatenthelivelihoodoftheseniorworkers.新來的工人直接威脅到老工人的飯碗。initialTheinitialreactiontotheprogramhasbeengreat.該項目初期反響相當不錯。a.開始的；最初的I'malsonotcrazyabouttheinitialtermsofthedeal.我對該協(xié)議的最初條款也不太滿意。elementImaginationisanimportantelementindesign.想象力乃設(shè)計之要素。n.animportantqualityorfeature要素TheexchangeofprisonersofwarwasoneofthekeyelementsoftheUN'speaceplan.交換戰(zhàn)俘是聯(lián)合國和平計劃的一個重要部分。王老善說拆說了好幾年，到了2005年9月，終于拆到他的房子了，他二話沒說就搬了。他早就賣了煙雜店，因為實在掙不到什么錢。到底誰是頭這下可就一清二楚了，他一走，廁所俱樂部就散了。

（Para.11）P48ifanything

1.要說真有什么的話Livingtogetherdidn'tharmourfriendship.Ifanythingitstrengthenedit.在一起住并沒有損害我們的友誼。要說真有什么的話，它反而鞏固了我們的友誼。2.甚至正相反;（尤用于否定句后，對所說之事進行補充說明）甚至正相反，甚至還不如說。Asthmadrugsarenotaddictiveandyoudon'tneedtokeepincreasingthedose.Ifanything,thereverseistrue.哮喘藥物不會造成藥物依賴，你不用持續(xù)增大劑量。甚至正相反，減小劑量才對。Joeisn'tabadboy.Ifanything,he'saprettygoodone.喬不是一個壞男孩.甚至正相反,他是一個非常好的男孩drawoutTheincidentatthestaffmeetingdrewouttheworstinthestaffmembers.員工會議上發(fā)生的事把員工的不堪表露無遺。Sheworeeyeshadowtodrawouthersparklingeyes.她畫了眼影，使得兩眼更加有神。makesb.orsth.showaqualitytheyhave使彰顯，發(fā)掘creativeAcreativepersonlikehimwillneverbesatisfied.他這樣創(chuàng)意無窮的人永遠不會滿足。a.havingtheabilityorpowertocreate創(chuàng)造性的，有創(chuàng)意的Hewasoneofthemostcreativeandinnovativeengineersofhisgeneration.他是他那代人當中最富創(chuàng)造性與革新精神的工程師之一。routineWhattypeoftrainingroutinedoyouusetoreducepulserate?你用什么常規(guī)鍛煉方法降低脈率？n.thepracticeofregularlydoingthingsinafixedorder常規(guī)；例行程序Theplayershadtochangetheirdailyroutineandlifestyle.這些運動員不得不改變他們的日常生活習慣和方式。…residentsquicklyadaptedtoanythingnewlikeaMcDonald’sandanewtoiletintheirlifeandmanagedtotakefulladvantageofitincreativeways.…residentsimmediatelyfoundcreativewaystoincorporateaMcDonald’soranOlympictoiletintotheirroutines.(Para.12)街坊居民立馬就能想出計策，把麥當勞或奧運廁所融入自己的日常活動之中。Thosewhosuittheiractionstothetimesarewise.識時務(wù)者為俊杰。（《三國志》）Thewisemenplanaccordingtothetimes,whilethefoolsmoveagainstthetimes.智者順時而謀，愚者逆時而動。（漢·朱浮）

胡同的本質(zhì)在其精神而非建筑：重要的不是磚瓦木頭，而是人們與其環(huán)境互動的方式。環(huán)境一直在變，于是塑就了王老善這樣的人，講究實際，足智多謀，隨機應變。這些人沒有理由害怕現(xiàn)代化的入侵，真要有什么的話，這些因素往往能激發(fā)胡同精神，因為街坊居民立馬就能想出計策，把麥當勞或奧運廁所融入自己的日?；顒又小?/p>

（Para.12）13

Onerecentweekend,GoodOldWangreturnedforavisit,andwewalkedthroughJu’er.Heshowedmetheplacewherehewasborn.“There’swherewelived,”hesaid,pointingatthemoderncompoundoftheJinJuYuanHotel.“Thatusedtobethetemple.Whenmyparentsmovedin,therewasstillonelamaleft.”14

Wecontinuedeast,pastanoldreddoorthatwassuspendedinthehutong’swall,threefeetabovethestreet.“Thereusedtobeastaircasethere,”heexplained.“WhenIwasachild,thatwasanembassy.”movein/into/toHerparents-in-lawhadmovedinwiththemoneweekbeforeherbabywasborn.孩子出生前一周，她公公婆婆搬來跟他們一起住了。Bettymovedintoacondolastweek.上個星期貝蒂搬進了公寓房。IwastoldJohnhasmovedtoSeattle.他們告訴我約翰搬到西雅圖去了。begintolivesomewhere遷入；搬到suspendAcoupleoffamilyphotosweresuspendedonthewall.墻上掛著幾幅家庭照片。vt.hang掛；懸Theyhaveamobileofbirdsornurseryrhymecharacterswhichcouldbesuspendedoverthecot.他們有能懸掛在搖籃上方、由小鳥或童謠故事人物組成的風動玩具。laylowTheyoungboxerfinallylaidhisopponentlow.年輕的拳擊手最終打敗了對手。make(sb.)falldown打倒，擊敗Icanlayyouloweasily.我能輕松打敗你。Thatwashutongkarma—sitespassedthroughcountlessincarnations,andalwaysthemightywerelaidlow.(Para.16)Thatwashutongeffect—sitesexperiencednumeroustransitions,andagainandagainthepowerfulwereknockeddown.這就是胡同因緣——這地方歷經(jīng)無數(shù)次輪回，而被推翻的總是位高權(quán)重者。

最近一個周末，王老善回來看了一次，我倆一起在菊兒胡同走了一走。他指給我看他出生的地方?！拔壹乙郧熬妥∧莾?，”他指著金菊園賓館時髦的院子說?！澳莾簭那笆莻€廟。我爸媽搬來那會兒廟里還有個喇嘛呢?！?/p>

（Para.13）

我們一路往東，走過一扇舊的朱漆門，它懸著嵌在胡同的墻上，離街面有三英尺高?！澳莾哼^去有臺階，”他解釋說?！霸谖倚r候，那兒是個大使館?！?/p>

（Para.14）

在19世紀，那個院子是一個清代親王府；20世紀40年代蔣介石用它做北平的公館。60年代它做了南斯拉夫大使館。滿族人、國民黨也好，南斯拉夫人也罷，俱往矣。如今院子被命名友誼賓館，也算是恰如其分。

（Para.15）

這就是胡同因緣——這地方歷經(jīng)無數(shù)次輪回，而被推翻的總是位高權(quán)重者。

（Para.16）neighborhooddistinguishcampaignhosttraceboostspinswingscattertuckdramaticrecallbordercontributestockdisputeacquireobviousintactdoomessenceresourcefulthreateninitialelementcreativeroutinesuspendpassthroughbecharacteristicofplayaroleinbundleupstepuphangaroundatthehead