大學(xué)思辨英語教程-精讀2課件Unit-5

Unit5KnowledgeandIgnorance

TextAAnOunceofCureAlanNourseLearning

ObjectivesLiteraryElements

CriticalThinkingReadingStrategiesInterculturalCompetenceLiteraryElementsReadingStrategies

AllegoryUn-intrusivethird-personnarrationIrony,satireLearning

ObjectivesLookupthetechnicaltermsinthetextandconsidertheauthor’spurposeLearnaboutthegenreofthestoryIdentifytherhetoricaldevicesandconsidertheireffectCriticalThinkingLearning

ObjectivesExaminesomeofthetraditionalideasandpracticesinWesternandChinesemedicineCompareandcritiquecreationmythsfromdifferentculturesCompareculturalproductsfromtheEastandWestinlightoftheembeddedwaysofthinkingExamineandevaluatetheassumptionsofthedoctors’remarksExplaintheauthor’sapproachofloadingthestorywithmedicaljargonsUnderstandthedialecticsofknowledgeandignoranceandapplytheunderstandingtotherealworldInterculturalCompetenceLeadinLearningnewthingsisaverybigpartofourlife,andthehumanpursuitofknowledgehasalwaysbeenamajormotifofliterature.Doesknowledgealwaysbringusnearertothetruth?Doesignorancealwaysmeanlackofknowledge?LeadinStephenHawkingwarnsus,“Thegreatestenemyofknowledgeisnotignorance;itistheillusionofknowledge.”Confuciusteachesus,“Realknowledgeistoknowtheextentofone’signorance.”TextAtellsanabsurdiststoryofamanwithapaininhistoewhogetstrappedinaseriesofcomplexdiagnosticproceduresandreferralstospecialists.TextBrecordsthelearningprocessofamanwhowasquiteignorantofhisignoranceatthebeginning.Asyoureadthestories,thinkaboutwhetherknowledgeservestoenlightenorconfusethecharacters?Doesitmakethemhappyormiserable?Canyouexplainwhy?BackgroundKnowledge1.AbouttheAuthorAlanNourse(1928–1992)wasgenerallyknownasanAmericansciencefiction(SF)writerandphysician.Thestorywaspublishedin1963,andinthestoryadoctorsaysit’s1972,whichmeansthatthestoryhasafuturisticsetting.It’snotatypicalsciencefictionasIunderstandtheterm,forsciencefiction,thoughhardtodefine,usuallyinvolveswilderimaginativeconceptssuchasfuturisticscienceandtechnology,spacetravel,timetravel,paralleluniversesandextraterrestriallife.BackgroundKnowledgecontinuedYetitmaybeviewedasastoryofsciencefictioninthesensethattheauthormakesupafuturisticsettingofextremelymeticulousdivisionsofmedicinetowarnagainstsuchatrend,sincesciencefictionalsomeans,accordingtosciencefictionwriterRobertA.Heinlein,―realisticspeculationaboutpossiblefutureevents,basedsolidlyonadequateknowledgeoftherealworld,pastandpresent,andonathoroughunderstandingofthenatureandsignificanceofthescientificmethod.BackgroundKnowledge2.MedicaltermsandexpressionsBackgroundKnowledgeBackgroundKnowledge

theDiagnosticClinic(診斷科)theTherapeuticClinic(治療科)theFunctionalClinic(功能科)MitralValveClinic(二尖瓣科)AorticValveClinic(主動(dòng)脈瓣科)BackgroundKnowledge

psychoneuroticist神經(jīng)心理醫(yī)生（amade-upword,possiblycoinedfromPsychoneurosis精神神經(jīng)病orNeuropsychology神經(jīng)心理學(xué)）psychosociologist社會(huì)心理醫(yī)生（amade-upword;psychoplussociologist）pituitaryosmoreceptorologist滲透壓感受器專家（awordpossiblycoinedfrompituitaryosmoreceptor滲透壓感受器）

PartPara(s)MainideaI1-28Wheatleygoestoseethedoctorforapaininhistoe.

II

29-53

Withreferralofthedoctor,Wheatleyvisitsdoctorsspecializingindi?erentfields.III54-56Finally,Wheatleygoestoaplaceforthecureofhistoewherestrong

exoticflavorisfelt.1.TextStructureTextAnalysisDetailedAnalysisRhetoricandstyleTextStructure1.WhydoyouthinkWheatley“hadbeenpalpitatingforfivedaysstraightattheprospect”ofcomingtoseethedoctor?(Para.2)

PartIComprehensionCheckPartI

PartIIPartIIIDetailedAnalysisHewasverynervous.

2.DidWheatleyrealizethatitwasaseriousmistakeonhispartnothavinghadacheckupintenyearsandbecamereallyworriedaboutthat?(Para.13)PartI

PartIIPartIIIDetailedAnalysisAfterhearingwhatthefirstdoctorhadsaid,Wheatleyiscertainlyworriedbyhiswords,butnottotheseriousextent.3.Whydidthedoctorheaveasigh?(Para.15)PartI

PartIIPartIIIDetailedAnalysisThedoctordidn’tthinkWheatleygaveenoughattentiontohishealth.4.WhydidWheatley“rubbedhistoeonthechairleg”?(Para.18)PartI

PartIIPartIIIDetailedAnalysisWheatley“rubbedhistoeonthechairleg”becausehewasupsetbywhatthedoctorsaid.5.ThedoctoratthebeginningofthestoryfrequentlycutWheatleyshort.Whydoyouthinkhedidthis?Washebeingrude,impatient,orotherwise?PartI

PartIIPartIIIDetailedAnalysisHedoesn’tthinkWheatley’scomplaintshavemuchvalue.Hehashisownprofessionaltrainingofinquiring.

6.WhydidWheatleyaskthefirstdoctortotakehisbloodpressure?(para.27)PartI

PartIIPartIIIDetailedAnalysisHestartstofeelworriedandthinksthatthedoctormaytakethebloodpressureordoothercheck-upstodecidewhetherit’sinflammatoryorsomethingelse.7.Doyoufindthefirstdoctor’senquiriesanddiagnosessensibleandlogical?Isthereanythinghesaidthatyoumightactuallyagreewith?Doyoufindhisadviceprofessional?Howcompetentadoctordoyouthinkhewasaccordingtoyourcriteriaofagooddoctor?PartI

PartIIPartIIIDetailedAnalysisThedoctor’sprofessionalinthesensethathemadetheenquiriesanddiagnosesinalogicalway.Ofcoursetheproblemisthathealwayscutthepatientshort,reliedtoomuchonhistheoreticalhypothesesandwouldn’tdoanycheck-uptoascertainwhatwaswrongwiththetoe.Thereforeheisnotacompetentdoctor.

PartIWordStudypalpitate(Para.2,line1)verbifyourheartpalpitates,itbeatsquicklyinanirregularway（心臟）悸動(dòng)e.g.Hefeltsuddenlyfaint,andhisheartbegantopalpitate.e.g.Thethoughtofflyingmakesmepalpitate.PartI

PartIIPartIIIDetailedAnalysis

2.straight(Para.2,line1)adverb1)happeningoneaftertheotherinaseries連續(xù)地，接連地e.g.Hehasbeenwithoutsleepnowforthreedaysstraight.2)immediately,withoutdelay,orwithoutdoinganythingelsefirst立刻，馬上Collocation:straightto/up/down/backetc.e.g.Iwentstraightuptobed.e.g.IthinkIshouldgetstraighttothepoint.PartI

PartIIPartIIIDetailedAnalysis

3.wiggle(Para.6,line1)verbtomovewithsmallmovementsfromsidetosideorupanddown,ortomakesomethingmovelikethis使擺動(dòng)，使扭動(dòng)e.g.Henrywiggledhistoes.PartI

PartIIPartIIIDetailedAnalysis

4.leafthroughsomething(Para.9,line1)toturnthepagesofabookquickly,withoutreadingitproperly翻書頁synonym:skimthrough

e.g.Shepickedupthemagazineandleafedthroughit.PartI

PartIIPartIIIDetailedAnalysis

5.heave(Para.15,line1)verb1)topullorliftsomethingveryheavywithonegreateffort舉起Collocation:heavesomebody/somethingoutof/into/ontoetc.somethinge.g.Alanheavedhissuitcaseontohisbed.Collocation:heaveon/ate.g.Wehadtoheaveontheropeholdingtheanchortogetitonboard.PartI

PartIIPartIIIDetailedAnalysis2)tothrowsomethingheavyusingalotofeffortJohnheavedthemetalbaroverthefence.投擲3)tomoveupanddownwithverystrongmovements使起伏e.g.Michael’sshouldersheavedwithsilentlaughter.e.g.Theseaheavedupanddownbeneaththeboat.4)[intransitive]informaltovomit嘔吐e.g.IthinkI’mgonnaheave.Collocation:heaveinsight/intoview出現(xiàn)；進(jìn)入視線heaveasigh長舒一口氣

PartI

PartIIPartIIIDetailedAnalysiscontinued

6.propup(Para.20,line1)verb1)topreventsomethingfromfallingbyputtingsomethingagainstitorunderit支住，支撐e.g.Thebuildersaretryingtopropupthecrumblingwallsofthechurch.2)tohelpaneconomy,industry,orgovernmentsothatitcancontinuetoexist,especiallybygivingmoney（用金錢）支持（政府），維持（經(jīng)濟(jì)）e.g.Thegovernmentintroducedmeasurestopropupthestockmarket.PartI

PartIIPartIIIDetailedAnalysis

Collocation:propyourselfup(on/against/with)靠著（某物）站直e.g.Sheproppedherselfupononeelbow.PartI

PartIIPartIIIDetailedAnalysiscontinued

7.inflammatory(Para.26,line2)adjectiveaninflammatoryspeech,pieceofwritingetc.islikelytomakepeoplefeelangrye.g.inflammatoryremarks有感染力的2)medicalaninflammatorydiseaseormedicalconditioncausesinflammation感染的e.g.inflammatoryboweldiseasePartI

PartIIPartIIIDetailedAnalysis1.“Fifty-five!”Thedoctorleafedthroughthemedicalrecordonhisdesk.“Butthisisincredible.Youhaven’thadacheckupinalmosttenyears!”.(Para.9)PartISentenceAnalysisPartI

PartIIPartIIIDetailedAnalysisThisitalicizationhasanimpliedmeaning.Thedoctorshowshisincredulity.Hebelieves55asacriticalagebutthemanhasn'thadacheckupforalmost10years.2.“Ofcourseyoumaybefeelingwellenough,butthatdoesn’tmeaneverythingisjustthewayitshouldbe.Andnow,yousee,you’rehavingpainsinyourtoes!”(Para.13)Thisitalicizationimpliesthatthedoctordoesn’tbelieveheisactuallywell.PartI

PartIIPartIIIDetailedAnalysis3.“Onetoetoday,perhaps,”saidthedoctorheavily.“Buttomorrow—”Heheavedasigh.(Para.15)“Itmightstartaspaininonetoebutleadtosomethingmoreserious.”thedoctorsighed.PartI

PartIIPartIIIDetailedAnalysisParaphrasethesentence4.“IsupposeIshouldhaveseentoit,”Wheatleyadmitted.(Para.21)“IsupposeIshouldhavehadcheckupsinthepasttenyears.”Wheatleyadmitted.PartI

PartIIPartIIIDetailedAnalysisParaphrasethesentence5.Well,ofcourseIcoulddothat,butthat’snotgettingattherootofthetrouble,isit?(Para.24)PartI

PartIIPartIIIDetailedAnalysisThisitalicizationimpliesthatthedoctorwasshockedthatthepatientwas“ignorant”totheextentthatheaskedonlyforsomethingtostopthepain.Accordingtothedoctor,therootcauseoftheproblemhadtobefoundoutfirst.6.“Wehavetothinkaboutthosethings,”saidthedoctor.(Para.26)TheitalizationimpliesthatWheatleyhasn’tthoughtmuchabouthisownhealth.PartI

PartIIPartIIIDetailedAnalysis1.Whatdoyoumakeofthered-headeddoctor’swordsabouttheXrays?Howdoyouinterprethiscomment“Veryinteresting”?Doesitsoundlikesomethingadoctorwouldnormallysaytoapatient?Whatdoyouthinkthedoctorreallyintended?(Para.29)PartIIComprehensionCheckPartIPartIIPartIIIDetailedAnalysis“Interesting”heremightbeaeuphemismforsomethingtricky,somethingdifficulttohandle.2.Whatisthegrave-lookingdoctor’sspecialismjudgingbywhathesaid?WhydidheciteDoctorHaddonfeld’spaperintheAMAJournalinsuchdetail?Washemerelypayingprofessionalcourtesy?(Para.38)

PartIPartIIPartIIIDetailedAnalysisHeisanOrthopedicRadiologist(AndIthinkheisacolleagueofDr.Schultz’s).Hementionsthearticleindetailspossiblybecauseit’shisrecentfocusofattention,orinotherwordsheisstillthinkingaboutitwhenhetalks.3.Whatdoes“Dawnbrokeonthedoctor’sface”meaninPara.43?PartIPartIIPartIIIDetailedAnalysisThedoctorrealizedwhatWheatleywantedtosay.Itonlyoccurredtohimthatthepatientjustwantssomethingtostopthepain.4.WheatleyhadgonetoAorticValveClinic“bymistake”beforehewenttoMitralValveClinic.Whydoestheauthordescribehimasgoing“bymistake”?Canyougiveamorelikelyexplanation?Whatdoesthissuggestaboutmodernmedicalscience?(Para.44)EarlyonthedoctorsimplytoldWheatleytogotothe“ValveClinic”,talkingitforgrantedthatWheatleyknewwhichvalveclinicheshouldgo.ButitwasunlikelyforalaypersonlikeWheatleytoknowthattherewasasubdivisionof“valveClinic”andwhichonewastherightoneforhim.PartIPartIIPartIIIDetailedAnalysisFortunately,thereisno“MitralValveClinic”,“AorticValveClinic”oreven“ValveClinic”intherealworld.Theauthormakesthemupasagoodexampletoshowhowunnecessarilycomplicatedandhowconfusingmodernmedicalsciencehasbecome.PartIPartIIPartIIIDetailedAnalysiscontinued5.WhydothedoctorsreferWheatleytotheircolleaguesspecializingindi?erentfields?(Para.53)Onesentencecanaccountforallthosereferrals:―“Alwaysbesttolettheexperthandletheprobleminhisownfield.”Ithinkthequotationmightbepartofthelong-termprofessionaltrainingtheyhavereceivedbeforetheybecomedoctors.PartIPartIIPartIIIDetailedAnalysisThereforeIputtheblameontheunnecessarybranchingofmodernmedicinescience,notonthedoctorsthemselves.Theyaretrainedinthisway.It’snottheirirresponsibilityorsomething.Actuallythisarticlehelpsmetodevelopsomeempathyforthedoctorsinpastnewsreportsaboutdoctorsaskingtheirpatientstodoathoroughcheckupbeforemakingtheirdiagnoses.Iusedtothink,likewhatthereportersledustobelieve,thattheywerejusttryingtomakemoremoney.Butthisarticlethrowsnewlightonthosecases.NowIcanseewhythedoctorsthinkitreasonableandevennecessarytodosuchcheckups.Theyaretrainedinthisway.PartIPartIIPartIIIDetailedAnalysiscontinued6.Whatdoyouthinkofthedoctorsinthestory?Inwhatwaysdoesthestorychallengeorconfirmyourownopinionaboutdoctors?PartIPartIIPartIIIDetailedAnalysisOpen.

PartIIWordStudymutter(Para.38,line1)1)[intransitive,transitive]tospeakinalowvoice,especiallybecauseyouareannoyedaboutsomething,oryoudonotwantpeopletohearyou咕噥；喃喃自語e.g.“Ineverwanttocomehereagain,”hemutteredtohimself.e.g.ElsiemutteredsomethingIcouldn’tcatchandwalkedoff.Collocation:mutteraboute.g.Whatareyoutwomutteringabout?PartIPartIIPartIIIDetailedAnalysis

2)[intransitive]tocomplainaboutsomethingorexpressdoubtsaboutit,butwithoutsayingclearlyandopenlywhatyouthink咕噥；抱怨地說Collocation:mutteraboute.g.Somesenatorsmuttereddarklyaboutthethreattonationalsecurity.PartIPartIIPartIIIDetailedAnalysiscontinued

2.mumble(Para.38,line7)tosaysomethingtooquietlyornotclearlyenough,sothatotherpeoplecannotunderstandyou含糊地說e.g.Hebumpedintosomeoneandmumbledanapology.Synonym:mutterCollocation:mumbletoyourself

e.g.Awomanonthecornerwasmumblingtoherself.PartIPartIIPartIIIDetailedAnalysis3.stroke(Para.43,line3)verb1)tomoveyourhandgentlyoversomething輕撫

e.g.Hereachedoutandstrokedhercheektenderly.2)[always+adverb/preposition]tohitorkickaballwithasmoothmovementingamessuchastennis,golf,andcricket擊球

e.g.Hestrokedtheballintoanemptynet,withaminutetogo.3)tosaynicethingstosomeonetomakethemfeelgood討好，奉承e.g.HeknewhehadtotolerateHaley,strokehimsome,andwaitforhisragetosubside.

PartIPartIIPartIIIDetailedAnalysis

4.thump(Para.44,line3)1)[transitive]informaltohitsomeoneveryhardwithyourhandclosed捶擊

e.g.Ifyoudon’tshutup,I’mgoingtothumpyou!

e.g.Shethumpedthetablewithherfist.2[transitive,intransitivealways+adverb/preposition]tohitagainstsomethingloudly怦然作響；發(fā)出重?fù)袈?/p>

e.g.Hisfeetthumpedloudlyonthebareboards.

e.g.Hethumpedhiscupdownonthetable.PartIPartIIPartIIIDetailedAnalysis

3)[intransitive

always+adverb/preposition]towalkorrunwithyourfeetmakingaloudheavysoundastheytouchtheground重步走

e.g.Stellacamethumpingdownthestairs.4)[intransitive]ifyourheartthumps,itbeatsverystronglyandquicklybecauseyouarefrightenedorexcited怦怦直跳

e.g.Myheartwasthumpinginsidemychest.PartIPartIIPartIIIDetailedAnalysiscontinued

marvel(Para.44,line4)verbtofeelorexpressgreatsurpriseoradmirationatsomething,especiallysomeone’sbehavior感到驚奇

e.g.“Themanisagenius,”marveledClaire.e.g.Imarveledthatanyonecouldbesostupid.Collocation:marvelat/overe.g.Imarveledatmymother’sabilitytoremaincalminacrisis.e.g.VisitorstoRomemarveloverthebeautyofthecity.PartIPartIIPartIIIDetailedAnalysis

6.ruleout(Para.45,line3)1)todecidethatsomethingisnotpossibleorsuitable反對

e.g.Thepolicehaveruledoutsuicide.

e.g.Shehasrefusedtoruleoutthepossibilityofsingingagain.2)tomakeitimpossibleforsomethingtohappen阻止

e.g.Themountainousterrainrulesoutmostformsofagriculture.3)tostatethatsomeonewillnotbeabletotakepartinasportsevent排除e.g.

Hehasbeenruledoutofthematchwithakneeinjury.PartIPartIIPartIIIDetailedAnalysis

7.milieu(Para.45,line6)nounthethingsandpeoplethatsurroundyouandinfluencethewayyouliveandthink環(huán)境；周圍；出身背景e.g.

Proust’sworkreflectedhisownsocialandculturalmilieu.e.g.Sheneverfelthappyinastudentmilieu.plural:milieuxormilieusPartIPartIIPartIIIDetailedAnalysis

confer(para.45,line6)1)[intransitive]todiscusssomethingwithotherpeople,sothateveryonecanexpresstheiropinionsanddecideonsomething協(xié)商Collocation:

conferwithe.g.Franklinleantoverandconferredwithhisattorneys.2)conferatitle/degree/honoretc.授予；給予Derivation:conferment

nounPartIPartIIPartIIIDetailedAnalysis9.huddle(Para.46,line2)noun1)agroupofpeoplethatareclosetogether,butnotarrangedinanyparticularorder,pattern,orsystem人群e.g.Huddlesofmenstoodaroundtalking.2)agroupofthingsthatareclosetogether聚在一起的一堆東西e.g.ahuddleofstrawhutsverb

1)(alsohuddletogether/up)ifagroupofpeoplehuddletogether,theystayveryclosetoeachother,especiallybecausetheyarecoldorfrightened擠在一起e.g.Welayhuddledtogetherforwarmth.PartIPartIIPartIIIDetailedAnalysis

2)[intransitivealways+adverb/preposition]tolieorsitwithyourarmsandlegsclosetoyourbodybecauseyouarecoldorfrightened縮成一團(tuán)

e.g.Shehuddledundertheblankets.

e.g.Thesnowblewagainsthishuddledbody.3)[intransitive]AmericanEnglishtositorstandwithasmallgroupofpeopleinordertodiscusssomethingprivately聚集（私下討論）

e.g.Theexecutiveboardhuddledtodiscusstheissue.PartIPartIIPartIIIDetailedAnalysis10.limp(Para.53,line2)verb1)towalkslowlyandwithdifficultybecauseonelegishurtorinjured跛行，一拐一拐地走

e.g.Morenolimpedoffthefieldwithafootinjury.2)[always+adverb/preposition]ifashiporaircraftlimpssomewhere,itgoesthereslowly,becauseithasbeendamaged緩慢費(fèi)力地前進(jìn)e.g.ThedamagedlinerlimpedintoNewYork.adjectivenotfirmorstrongalimphandshake柔軟的，無力的e.g.Hisbodysuddenlywentlimpandhefelldownonthefloor.Derivation:limply

adverblimpness

noun

PartIPartIIPartIIIDetailedAnalysis1.I’maGastro-Intestinalman,myself.Upper.Dr.SchultzhereisLower.(Para.31)PartIISentenceAnalysisPartIPartIIPartIIIDetailedAnalysisI’maGastro-IntestinaldoctorsoIhavetocheckyouupbeforeDr.Schultztreatsyou.Paraphrasethesentences2.“I—don’tthinkso.”(Para.37)TheitalicizationimpliestheemphasisthatWheatleyfailstounderstandthewordFluoroaortogram.PartIPartIIPartIIIDetailedAnalysis3.“…Nowthispatient—”HeglancedtowardWheatley,andhisvoicedroppedtoamumble.(Para.38)Theitalicizationimpliesthatthedoctorsuddenlyrealizedhispurposeofcominghere.PartIPartIIPartIIIDetailedAnalysis4.We’regoingtohaveyoufixedupinjustnotimeatall.Justafewmorestudies.(Para.39)Wearegoingtocureyousoon.Weneedjustafewmorestudiestocureyou.PartIPartIIPartIIIDetailedAnalysisParaphrasethesentences5.“Serious?Oh,no!Dearme,youmustn’tworry.Everythingisgoingtobeallright,”thedoctorsaid.(Para.41)PartIPartIIPartIIIDetailedAnalysisTheitalicizationimpliesthatthedoctorthinksWheatleyhasthereasonstobeworriedbutthathisworrymightmakethesituationworse.Thereforehemustn’tworry.6.Afewhourslaterhewasbeingthumped,photographed,andlistenedto.(Para.44)Afewhourslaterthedoctorswereexamininghimbywaysofthumping,photographingandlistening.PartIPartIIPartIIIDetailedAnalysisParaphrasethesentence7.Substanceswerepoppedintohisrightarm,andwithdrawnfromhisleftarmashemarveledatthebrillianceofmodernmedicaltechniques.(Para.44)醫(yī)生們把某些物質(zhì)注入他的右胳膊，又把某些物質(zhì)從左胳膊里抽出來。在這個(gè)過程中，他不禁驚嘆現(xiàn)代醫(yī)學(xué)技術(shù)多么發(fā)達(dá)。PartIPartIIPartIIIDetailedAnalysisTranslatethesentence8.“Alwayshavetoruleoutthesethings,”thedoctorsagreed.(Para.45)PartIPartIIPartIIIDetailedAnalysisThedoctorsagreedthathehadtogothroughthosecheckupstodismisspossibilitiesofcertaindiseases.Paraphrasethesentence10.Headsmetinahuddle;wordsandphrasesslippedoutfromtimetotimeasthediscussiongrewheated.(Para.46)醫(yī)生們頭碰頭聚在一起，隨著討論變得越來越激烈，時(shí)不時(shí)的會(huì)有個(gè)別詞語飄過來。PartIPartIIPartIIIDetailedAnalysisTranslatethesentence1.WhatkindofplacedidWheatleygotoattheendofthestory?WhatmighthavebroughtWheatleytothisplace?Howe?ectiveistheendingofthestory?(Para.54)PartIIIComprehensionCheckPartI

PartIIPartIIIDetailedAnalysisNooneknowsforsurewherehewentorwhatbroughthimthere.ButboththeTurkishdrapesandtheturbanareusedtogiveanexoticflavortothatplace,toformasharpcontrastwiththeprevious“scientific”atmosphere.HemightormightnotbeaTurk.PartI

PartIIPartIIIDetailedAnalysisStillweknowthislastresortofWheatley’smustbesomebranchofthe“alternativemedicine”,whichaccordingtheWikipedia,―isanypracticethatisputforwardashavingthehealingeffectsofmedicine,butdoesnotoriginatefromevidencegatheredusingthescientificmethod.Thisendingprovidesanalternativechoicetotheallegedly“scientific”modernmedicineandmakesitachoiceWheatleyvoluntarilymadeafterbeingdisillusionedwiththemodernmedicine.Theeffectisquitesatirical.continuedPartI

PartIIPartIIIDetailedAnalysis2.HowmanydoctorsdidJamesWheatleyseeaccordingtothestory?Whatwerethesedoctors’specificfields?Therearealtogether13doctorsbesidestheTurk.Thedoctor(communitydoctor)—thered-headeddoctor(Gastro-Intestinalman)andDr.Schultz(theOrthopedicRadiologist)—anotherdoctor(possiblyalsoOrthopedicRadiologist),whobroughttwomoredoctors(inValveClinic)—theMiltralman,theAorticman,theGreatArteriesmanandthePeripheralCapillaryBedman—doctorintheFunctionalClinic—Psychoneuroticist,Psychosociologist—theTurk.3.Thestoryisloadedwithmedicaltermsandjargon.Whate?ectdoestheauthorachievewiththisapproach?Howdoesthiscontributetothethemeofthestory?PartI

PartIIPartIIIDetailedAnalysisMostofthetermsandjargonsaredifficulttounderstand.Theauthorevenmadeupsomewords,usuallyverydifficultandlongwords.Theeffectiswellachieved.Thereadercanliterallysensethefeelingsofawe,confusionandperplexitythatWheatleymusthavefeltattheflowofthoseincomprehensible,professional,solemnly-utteredjargons.PartI

PartIIPartIIIDetailedAnalysisInsomespecializedfieldslikemedicine,languageisusedasatooltoestablishanunbalancedpowerstructureinwhichlaypeopleremaininapowerlessandunderprivilegedstatus.Theauthorissensitiveenoughtorecognizeitinthereallife,andwiseenoughtoexaggeratethejargonsabitsoastomakethemmorerecognizabletohisreader.continued4.Inyouropinion,whatmessagedoestheauthorintendtoconveytoreaders?Howdoesheputthismessageacrossinthestory?PartI

PartIIPartIIIDetailedAnalysisThisshortstoryisasatireonmodernmedicinescience:itisevolvingintoadeadend,whichsacrificesefficiencyforexpertiseandfailstoprovidethecureitpromises.5.Whattypicalproblemswithmodernmedicinedoesthestoryreveal?PartI

PartIIPartIIIDetailedAnalysisLackofefficiency,unnecessarybranching,relyingtoomuchontheoriesandequipment,toometiculousinmakingadiagnosis…6.Thedoctor-patientrelationshipasdepictedinthestoryisanexampleofamoregeneralphenomenon:theproblematicrelationshipinmodernsocietybetweenexpertsandordinarypeople.Howfardoyouagreewiththeideasaboutourrelationshipwithexpertsinthepassagebelow?PartI

PartIIPartIIIDetailedAnalysisAnincreasinglycomplicatedworldhasgivenrisetospecializationandexpertise.Foryears,commonpeopleputourselvesinthehandsofdoctors,lawyers,carmechanicsandcareercouncilors.PartI

PartIIPartIIIDetailedAnalysisNowweturntoallsortsforadvice—howtodress,howtohaverelationships,howtorearrangeourfurniture.Themessageisapparent:“Youdon’tknowwhatisbestforyou,someoneelsedoes.”Andwefeeltheconsequences:Weloseconfidenceinourowninnervoice.Wedoubtourownknowledge.Wegetpushedtoactwithoutthinking.Wemakedecisionsbasedonsomeoneelse’sreasoning.Wegetstuckwiththeconsequences.Andweworkourasseso?tonotfail.I’mnotsayingthatwedon’tneedthehelpofprofessionals.AndI’mcertainlynotsayingwedon’tneedadvice—I’msayingwe’revulnerabletoit.continued

PartIIIWordStudy1.induecourse(Para.55,line1)atsometimeinthefuturewhenitistherighttime,butnotbefore在適當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候；及時(shí)地

e.g.Furtherdetailswillbeannouncedinduecourse.PartI

PartIIPartIIIDetailedAnalysis

2.gaunt(Para.55,line1)1)verythinandpale,especiallybecauseofillnessorcontinuedworry憔悴的

Synonym:

drawn

e.g.theoldman’sgauntface2)literaryabuilding,mountainetc.thatisgauntlooksveryplainandunpleasant平淡無奇的；難看的e.g.agauntcathedralPartI

PartIIPartIIIDetailedAnalysis1.Theroomwassmallanddusky,withheavyTurkishdrapes