TechniquesThatMightSmileuponMonaLisaunit9市公開課一等獎省賽

TechniquesThatMightSmileuponMonaLisa——ByEliabethOlson1/43ContentsCulturalBackground1StructuralAnalysis3ReadingComprehension4Vocabulary22/43

16thcenturypaintingbyLeonardoDaVinciofawomanwithamysterioussmile.ItiskeptintheLouvreinParis,andisoneofthefamouspaintingsintheworld.列奧納多·達·芬奇（1452-1519）MonaLisa1503-1577×53厘米現(xiàn)藏巴黎盧浮宮3/43

LeonardodaVincibeganpaintingtheMonaLisa,oneofthemostfamouspaintingsofalltime,in1503.ThewomanwhocanbeseenintheMonaLisaissaidtobe

MadonnaLisadelGiocondo.ShewasthewifeofanItalianbusinessmanwhoaskeddaVincitopaintaportraitofher.AfterdaVincifinishedthepaintingin1506hewasinvitedbytheFrenchKing,FrancoisⅠ,tovisitFrance,andhetookthepaintingwith

him.TodaytheMonaLisaiskeptintheLouvre,anartmuseuminParis,anditisseenbyaboutsixmillionvisitorsayear.4/43

In1911,itwasstolenbyaworkerattheLouvre,VincenzoPeruggia,whotookitoutofthemuseumbyhidingitunderhiscoat.TwoyearslaterpolicefoundthepaintingunderPeruggia’sbedafterhetriedtosellit.5/43MonaLisa'sSmile在不一樣角度不一樣光線下觀賞這幅畫，人們都會得到不一樣感受。那微笑時而溫文爾雅，時而安詳嚴厲，時而略帶哀傷，時而又有幾分諷嘲與揶揄，神秘莫測微笑顯露出人物神秘莫測心靈活動。幾百年來，“微笑”新解層出不窮。諸如微笑不露皓齒是因原型雖典雅漂亮卻口齒不齊；原型因愛女夭折，憂郁寡歡，難掩凄楚之態(tài)；更有甚者，把蒙娜麗莎從貴婦寶座上推落下來，把原型貶為妓女，故而微笑中帶著譏嘲和揶揄。美國馬里蘭州約瑟夫·鮑考夫斯基博士認為：“蒙娜麗莎壓根就沒笑。"法國里昂腦外科教授讓·雅克·孔代特博士認為蒙娜麗莎剛得過一場中風(fēng)，請看，她半個臉肌肉是松弛，臉歪著所以才顯得微笑。英國醫(yī)生肯尼思·基友博士相信蒙娜麗莎懷孕了。他依據(jù)是：她臉上流露出滿意表情，皮膚鮮嫩，雙手交叉著放在腹部。用x光照射，發(fā)覺蒙娜麗莎嘴部涂畫40層顏料，每一層都很薄。證實并不是用筆所畫，而是作者把顏料涂在手上繼而畫在上面。而每一層顏料都要幾個月才能風(fēng)干，推算大約才畫好蒙娜麗莎微笑。6/43MonaLisa'sEyes意大利國家文化遺產(chǎn)理事會主席西爾瓦諾·溫切蒂借助顯微鏡觀察油畫中蒙娜麗莎眼睛，發(fā)覺微小字符。英國《衛(wèi)報》12日援引溫切蒂話報道：“肉眼看不出來。她綠褐色右眼球上畫有黑色LV字樣，很顯著這是萊奧納多·達·芬奇姓名首字母?！睖厍械僬f，左眼球上字符還未辨明?！皹O難清楚分辨……但看起來是字母CE，也可能是B或者S?！边_芬奇熱衷于用符號和密碼來傳遞信息。除眼睛外，畫作其它位置也藏有字符。溫切蒂說：“在背景中橋拱上能夠看到數(shù)字72，也可能是字母L和數(shù)字2?！边_·芬奇不但是文藝復(fù)興時期意大利出色畫家，還在科學(xué)和哲學(xué)領(lǐng)域表現(xiàn)出過人能力。他熱衷于用符號和密碼來傳遞信息。溫切蒂認為，達·芬奇把字符藏在眼中是因為“眼睛是心靈窗戶”，是一個交流路徑。7/43MonaLisa'sHand8/43theLouvre9/43

TheLouvreMuseumorsimplytheLouvre–isoneoftheworld'slargestmuseumsandahistoricmonument.AcentrallandmarkofParis,itislocatedonthenorthshoreofSeineRiver.Itwasfoundedin1204andafterover800yearsdevelopmenttotoday’sscale.Ithasmorethan400,000objectsofcollection.Theoldestcollectionis9,000yearsold.10/43GlassPyramidTheLouvrePyramidismadebylargeglassesandmetal,anditissurroundedbythreesmalleronesinthecourtyardoftheLouvreMuseum.Ithas673piecesofglassintotal.Thelargepyramidservesasthemainentrancetothemuseum.ItsdesignerisIeohMingPei（貝聿銘）,heisaChineseAmerican.Thepyramidwasconstructedin1984andcompletedin1989.11/43ThreegreatesttreasuresMonaLisaVenusdeMiloWingedVictory

ofSamothrace12/43ThePreservationofOilPaintings

（1）防止陽光直曬。（2）防止放在潮濕陰冷角落里。（3）防止作品擠壓、疊放。可做架子將作品存于架子上。（4）作品懸掛要牢穩(wěn)。頂端稍前傾，這么既能取得良好觀賞效果，又能使畫背后空氣流通。（5）在運輸過程中，畫面前后都應(yīng)設(shè)有保護層，以免因頂撞損傷畫面。（6）給作品上光，保護色層油膜不受空氣中有害氣體傷害。及時清洗發(fā)黃光油。（7）防塵埃、防蠅蟲叮蛀。（8）需要從內(nèi)框上拆下作品，必須徹底干燥。卷起時畫面向外，軸心要大些，不能卷得太緊，似卷軸式中國畫那樣保留最正確。13/43FramePanelbuckling(彎曲);flaking（剝落）;warp（變形）;crack（裂縫）;

canvas14/43VocabularycanvaswoodenframepaintpanelpoplarcottonwoodgessohideglueWords（noun）relatedwithpainting畫布木框顏料畫板白楊木棉白楊石膏皮膠15/43Vocabularycalciumcarbonatebariumsulfateprimerbattenmahogany

[m??h?g?ni]infraredphotographyemissiographyoilcolorsWords（noun）relatedwithpainting碳酸鈣硫酸鋇底漆壓條加固桃花心木紅外線攝影放射學(xué)油彩16/43VocabularypaintlayerglassenclosurebulletproofboxconservatorcuratorinternWords（noun）relatedwithpainting顏料層玻璃罩防彈箱管理員管理員實習(xí)生17/43Vocabularybuckleflake(off)warpcrackexpandcontractswellsplitseasonfluctuateWords（verb）relatedwithpreservation翹曲，彎曲剝落變形開裂膨脹縮小膨脹開裂風(fēng)干浮動18/43VocabularyresilientelasticundeterredvulnerableintriguedWords（adjective）有彈性有彈性未受阻力，沒有退縮易受傷害著迷19/43Vocabularyapartfromadhereto(P3)bebracedwith(P10)beattachedto(P10)subjectsth./sb.to(P11)beexposedto(P17)adjustto(P21)reactto(P24)Phrases撇開…來說（表示除…以外還有）遵照，依附，堅持；附著支撐v.從屬于，喜愛；喜愛使服從，使遭受；輕易遭受，受…管制遭受，暴露于…；調(diào)整，調(diào)整對…作出反應(yīng)[評價，應(yīng)答]20/43ReadingComprehensionI.Readtheintroductionpartandcatchthekeyinformation.21/43ReadingComprehensionII.Reading&ThinkingReadthroughthepassagein20minutesandfinishexercisesA&Bon14522/43StructuralAnalysisPartI(P1-P2)NewfindingsbyMr.MecklenburgPartII(P3-P19)ExperimentsandstudiesmadebyMr.MecklenburgPartIII(P20-P27)Someresponsesfromthepublictothenewfindings23/43Whoarethosepeople?MarionMecklenburg

馬里昂·梅克倫堡

EvanQuasneyMs.LerolleMr.Frank24/43CristinaAcidiniJamesBeckDianneDwyerModestiniMicheleMarincolaWhoarethosepeople?25/43MarionMecklenburg’snewfindings:Somepreservationpracticesinpastcenturies—eventhelastcentury—harmed,ratherthanhelped,greatworksofart.26/43Woodpanelpaintingsaremoreresilientthanexpertsinrecentdecadeshavebelieved.MarionMecklenburg’snewfindings:27/43Atwo-foot-widewoodpanel,forexample,couldbendasmuchasoneandahalfincheswithoutbreaking,crackingandwarping.MarionMecklenburg’snewfindings:28/43Apaintingiselastic,likearubberband,anditcanwithstandarangeofchangesinhumidityandtemperature—thensnapbackwithoutcrackingandbending.MarionMecklenburg’snewfindings:29/43Therecentdamagetothe“MonaLisa”beganwhenthepaintinghungonwhathadbeenpartoftheLouvre’soutsidewallstructure.MarionMecklenburg’snewfindings:30/43JamesBeckDianneDwyerModestiniMicheleMarincolaWhatarepeople’sreactionstoMecklenburg’snewfindings?31/43Languagepoints1.artandsciencedon’toftenintersect,butMarionMecklenburg,aSmithsonianInstitutionengineerwhoisalsoapaintingconservator,istryingtomergethem.Intersect:tomeetatacertainpointThetworoadsintersectatthesuburbofthecity.

兩條路在城郊交叉。

32/43mergeThebankmerged

withitsmajorrival.

該銀行與其主要對手合并了。藝術(shù)和科學(xué)并非經(jīng)常結(jié)合，不過史密遜博物院工程師兼油畫管理員馬里昂·梅克倫伯格正試圖將這二者結(jié)合起來。

33/43Whatarepeople’sreactionstoMecklenburg’snewfindings?Ms.Lerolle:WehaveneverheardoftheSmithsonian’sdiscoveries.Mr.FrankCristinaAcidini34/432.hebeganhisprojectshortlyaftertheLouverdisclosedinthespringthatthe“MonaLisa”,LeonardodaVinci’searly16th-centurymasterpiece,wasnoticeablywarped,andthatmuseumcuratorswereassessingthedamage.盧浮宮在春天透露，列奧納多·達·芬奇16世紀早期杰作<蒙娜麗莎》，顯著地變形，博物館管理員正在評定損失。35/43Thereportdisclosedthathehadservedinprison.

匯報披露他曾坐過牢。Theauthoritiesfinallydisclosedthetruthtothepress.

當局終于向新聞界公開了真相。36/433.Addingthem,thecomputeranalysisfound,weakensthepaintingmorethanifitisallowedtobendnaturally,andcouldleadtocracking.計算機分析發(fā)覺，增添加固物，對油畫損害大于讓油畫自然彎曲，而且會造成開裂。37/434.