2023-2024學(xué)年河北省唐縣第一中學(xué)高三上學(xué)期1月期末英語(yǔ)試題（解析版）

2024屆高三年級(jí)上學(xué)期期末考試英語(yǔ)注意事項(xiàng):1.本卷滿分150分，考試時(shí)間120分鐘。答題前，先將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)填寫在試題卷和答題卡上，并將準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)條形碼粘貼在答題卡上的指定位置。2.選擇題的作答:每小題選出答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。寫在試題卷、草稿紙和答題卡上的非答題區(qū)域均無(wú)效。3.非選擇題的作答:用簽字筆直接答在答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)的答題區(qū)域內(nèi)。寫在試題卷、草稿紙和答題卡上的非答題區(qū)域均無(wú)效。4.考試結(jié)束后，請(qǐng)將本試題卷和答題卡一并上交。第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Whatdoesthemanwishtohavenow?A.Apairofgloves. B.Ascarf. C.Acoat.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:It’ssocoldtoday.IrememberedtowearmycoatbutIreallyshouldhaveputonascarf.M:Yes,it’sfreezing,butatleastyouhaveyourgloveswithyou.Idon’thaveapair.Ishouldgetsome.2.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Whatwillthespeakersdo?ATraininacircus. B.Gotothefarm. C.Buysomeanimals.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:Wouldyouliketogowithmetothecircus?Iwanttotrainandplaywithanimals.M:Whythecircus?Let’sgotoafarmandbecomeacowboyandacowgirl.W:Yeah,Ineverthoughtofthat!Cowsarecute,too!3.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Howfaristhethirdstopsign?A.Fiveblocksaway. B.Threeblocksaway. C.Twoblocksaway.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:Canyouseeasfarasthestopsign?M:Whichone?Icanseethreestopsigns.Thefirstoneistwoblocksaway.Thesecondoneisthreeblocksaway.Andthelastoneistwoblocksawayfromthesecondone.4.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Whatdidthemantellthewoman?A.Hewouldcomeinanhour.B.Heneededsomethingtoeat.C.Hejustfinishedtakingashower.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:Sorry,couldyourepeatwhatyousaid?Ididn’thearyouveryclearly.Didyousayyouarecomingoverinanhour?M:No,IsaidIjustgotoutoftheshower.Sorry,Iwasjustchewingonsomething.5.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inastore. B.Inanoffice. C.Inadentist’s.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:Keepquitestill,Mr.Jones.Ahyes,you’llneedatoothfillingtherebuttherestofyourteetharefine.M:That’sarelief.Thisismorefrighteningthanajobinterview.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分,滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】6.Whatdidthespeakersplantodo?A.Gotothemuseum. B.VisitJanet. C.Cancelameeting.7.Whatdoesthemanmean?A.Hewillreserveahotelinamoment.B.Theexhibitionwillbeonforamonth.C.Theymayvisitthemuseumanothertime.【答案】6.A7.C【解析】【原文】W:Janetsaysthatshecan’tmakeitthisweekend.M:NowthatsheandPaulbothcanceled,itwilljustbeus.W:Shouldwestillgothen?Idon’tknowifitisworthit.M:Ithinkweshouldstillgo.Theticketsarecheaperthannormalthisweekend.W:Theticketsmaybecheaper,butthehotelwillcostmorewithoutthemtosplitthebillwith.Istillwanttoseethemuseum,butIcanwait.Ionlyputasideenoughmoneyforouroriginalplan.M:Iguessyou’reright.Theexhibitionwillnotbemovingforafewmonthsstill.We’llgetanotherchancetoseeitifwereschedule.聽下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題。【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】8.Whatcausedbakerstobefinedinthepast?A.Lackofbagsforbread. B.Shortweightofbread. C.Smallsizeofbread.9.Howdoesthemanmostprobablyfeelnow?A.Surprised. B.Regretful. C.Interested.【答案】8.B9.B【解析】【原文】W:Howmanyeggscomeinadozen?M:Adozenis12.W:Really?Ithoughtitwas13butthinkingaboutitnow,itwouldn’tmakesensefortheboxtohaveanunevennumberofspaces.M:Thereissomethingcalledabaker’sdozen.Alongtimeago,givingasmalleramountofbreadthanapersonpaidforwasillegal.Sothenbakersbegantoputoneextrapieceintheirbagssotheywouldnotbefined.W:Wow!Thatisinteresting!Howdoyouknowsomuchaboutoldbakers?M:Mygrandfatherownedabakery.Hemadebreadallthetime!Itwassodelicious.W:Thatdoessounddelicious.Doyouknowhowtobakebread?M:No,IwishIhadlearnedproperly.Mygrandfathertriedtoshowmeonce,butIwastooyoungtounderstand.聽下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】10.Whointheman’sfamilyisafireman?A.Hisfather. B.Hisgrandfather. C.Hisbrother.11.Whatdoesthemansayabouthissister?A.Shelikeseatingsweets. B.Shemajorsinbiology. C.Sheisreallyfunny.12.Whatwillthewomanprobablybring?A.Adish. B.Someflowers. C.Abottleofwine.【答案】10.C11.B12.C【解析】【原文】W:Ican’tbelieveI’mmeetingyourentirefamilyforthefirsttimetomorrow.M:Theyarereallylookingforwardtomeetingyou.Whatareyousoworriedabout?W:Everything—whattowear,whattosay,whattobring...M:Hey,justrelaxandbeyourself.Myfamilywillwelcomeyouwithopenarms.W:Canyoutellmeaboutthemagain?M:Sure.Mymotherandfatherwerebothteachers.Mybrotherisafireman.W:Whoelsewillbethere?M:Mygrandmaandgrandpa.You’lllikemygrandma.Sheisreallysweet.Andmygrandpaisreallyfunny.W:Whatdoesyoursisterdo?M:Shestudiesbiologytoo,soyoutwoshouldhavealottotalkabout.W:Oh,good.ShouldIbringsomethingorprepareaspecialdish?M:Myparentsarecookingeverything.Abottleofwineformyparentswillbeenough.W:DoyouthinkIshouldwearthatflowerdressIhave?M:Wearwhateveryouwant.Ipromisemyparentswilllikeyounomatterwhat.聽下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】13.HowlongwillthetriptoParislast?A.Fivedays. B.Twoweeks. C.Oneyear.14.Whatcanbelearnedaboutthetrip?A.Anystudentcantakepartinit.BThemanplanneditaheadoftime.C.Itishelpfultothewoman’sproject.15.Whatwillthewomanprobablypayforduringthetrip?A.Theticket. B.Somesnacks. C.Theaccommodation.16.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Teacherandstudent. B.Closefriends. C.Fatheranddaughter.【答案】13.A14.C15.B16.A【解析】原文】W:Mr.Evans,I’mnotsurewhattodoformyseniorproject.IthoughtIwouldwriteaboutFrenchsocietyduringNapoleon’stime.ButI’mnotexactlythrilledaboutdoingatonofresearch.M:Listen,Iknowaprofessorwhoisplanningafive-daytriptoParisforhisFrenchclass.Doyouthinkyourfatherwouldletyougo?W:Idon’tknow.Heprobablywouldn’twantmewanderingaroundaforeigncityonmyown.M:Well,youwouldn’tbealone.Andyou’dstillhavetofinishyourproject.Butthisprofessorwillbetakinghisgrouptomanydifferentmuseums,libraries,andmonuments—thebestsourcesofinformation!HowfluentareyouinFrench?W:Icanspeakandreadverywell.M:Good!Well,thetripisintwoweeks.TalktoyourfatherandletmeknowbyFridayifyou’llbeabletogo.I’llarrangeeverythingandtalktotheschoolprincipalafterthat.W:Umm,howmuchwilltheticketbe?M:Thatwillbepaidbytheschool.Thereisaspecialfundforoutstandingseniorslikeyouwhoaregoingtocollegenextyear.Andtheprofessorwillbeabletousehisresearchmoneytopayforyourmealsandaccommodation.You’djustneedtopayforextrathingslikesnacksorsouvenirs.W:Wow!Thatwillcertainlyhelpconvincemyfather!聽下面一段獨(dú)白，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】17.WhyaresomeAfricancountriescriticized?A.Theybankillinganimals.B.Lionsareallowedtobekilled.C.Animalsthereareendangered.18.Whatdoweknowaboutthewhite-taileddeerinAmerica?A.Theyareunderpopulated. B.Theyareprotectedwell. C.Theyareoutofcontrol.19.Whoaretoblameforthedeer-relatedaccidentsaccordingtoanimalrightsgroups?A.Hunters. B.Drivers. C.Roadworkers.20.Whatdoesthespeakerwanttosay?A.Humansshouldliveinharmonywithanimals.B.Huntingwillcontinueintheshortrun.C.Animalsshouldnotbekilledfordinner.【答案】17.B18.C19.A20.B【解析】【原文】M:Huntingispartofthecultureinmanycountriesaroundtheworld,includingrighthereintheEuropeanUnion.Recently,someAfricancountrieshavebeenwidelycriticizedforallowingtouriststokilllions.Incaseswheretheanimalsareendangered,almosteveryoneagreesthatthistypeofhuntingshouldbebanned.However,peoplearemuchmoredividedaboutarecentsituationintheU.S.Thepopulationsofwhite-taileddeerhavegottenoutofcontrolthroughoutthecountrybecausenoanimalskillthemforfood.Hunterswanttoincreasethenumberofwhite-taileddeerthey’realreadyallowedtoshoot.Becausethedeercausecaraccidents,thehuntersthinkthey’reactuallysavinghumanlivesbykillingthedeer.Andthedeeraresooverpopulated.Animalrightsgroupssaythatdeer-relatedaccidentsareactuallycausedbyhunterswhoscarethedeerontoroads.Whilethatclaimishardtoconfirm,thisoneisn’t:thenumberofdeer-relatedcaraccidentscan’tcomparewiththe200hunting-relatedhumandeathseveryyear.Finally,thesegroupsbelievethatanimalsshouldbeabletolivefreelyintheirenvironment,withouthavingtoworryaboutbeingkilled.Unfortunately,thislastpointishardtoarguewhensomanycows,chickens,andpigsarekilledforourdinners.Thetruthisthathuntingisunlikelytostopanytimesoon.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分,滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AAschoolPictureDayusuallyoccurseitheronceinthefall,ortwiceayearduringboththestartofthefallandspringterms.AschoolPictureDayisyouandyourchildren’schancetorecordandkeepmemoriesfortheschoolyear.MissingaPictureDaymeansmissingoutonjoyandspecialmomentsofthechildhood—soit’simportanttoplanahead.HairstyleDon’tgetanewhaircutrightbeforethePictureDay.Ifyou’replanningyourchildren’shaircutforthePictureDay,makesureitgetsdoneatleasttwoweeksbeforethePictureDay.Thiswillensurethatanybadspotshavetimetogrowbackbeforethephotos.Trytosticktoaneutralhaircut.Recenttrendinghairstyles,colorsandotheruniquehairstylesmaynotgowell.Youshouldfindahairstylethatisbothneutralandsomethingthatrepresentsyourchildren’spersonality.Keepthehairoutoftheirface.Ifyourchildren’shairnaturallyfallsinfrontoftheirface,trytousehairpins,hairspray,orevenafreshhaircuttokeeptheirbrightsmileshiningthrough.ClothingDressfortheweather.Ifit’scoldoutside,youshouldmakesureyourchildrenarriveatschoolinclothingthatkeepsthemwarm.Onthecontrary,ifthePictureDayisscheduledonaforecastheatwave,dressingyourchildreninwarmerclothing(evenifit’syourfavoriteone)couldresultinsweatshowingupinthephotos.Don’tmakeyourchildrenwearanythingtheydon’tlike.They’llshineinclothingthey’recomfortablein,butwilllookobviouslylesscomfortableinonetheydon’tlike.Helpyourchildrenshowtheirbestsidebylettingthemwearclothestheylove.Accessories(配飾)Keepjewelryminimal.Youneverwantchildren’sjewelrytodistractfromtheirphotos.Iftheydowanttowearsomesortofjewelry,makesurethatit’ssmallorunderstated.Avoidhats.Hatsdolittlehelp,otherthancoveringupyourchildren’sheadandfaceandshouldneverbeincluded.21.Whoisthetextintendedfor?A.Parents. B.Students. C.Teachers. D.Photographers.22.Whatisarequirementforchildren’shairstyleonthePictureDay?A.Itshouldbenewlycut. B.Itshouldbecoloredinarecenttrend.C.Itshouldcoverthesmile. D.Itshouldshowchildren’suniqueness.23.Inordertohavebetterphotos,childrenhadbetter________.A.choosewarmclothes B.avoidmuchjewelryC.followadults D.wearasmallhat【答案】21.A22.D23.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了照片日的幾點(diǎn)注意事項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“AschoolPictureDayisyouandyourchildren’schancetorecordandkeepmemoriesfortheschoolyear.(學(xué)校照片日是您和您的孩子記錄和保存學(xué)年記憶的機(jī)會(huì)。)”及后文中出現(xiàn)的“yourchildren(你的孩子們)”可推斷，這篇文章是寫給父母?jìng)兊?。故選A?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Hairstyle中的“Youshouldfindahairstylethatisbothneutralandsomethingthatrepresentsyourchildren’spersonality.(你應(yīng)該找一個(gè)既中性又能代表孩子個(gè)性的發(fā)型。)”可知，照片日對(duì)孩子們發(fā)型的一個(gè)要求是它們能展示孩子的獨(dú)特性。故選D?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Accessories(配飾)中“Keepjewelryminimal.(盡量少戴珠寶。)”可知，在照片日，孩子們要盡可能避免佩戴太多的首飾。故選B。BOnApril10,theUniversityofUtahbecameofficiallyBeeCampuscertificated.ThisprocesswasstartedbyseniorZoēBrossinhersecondyearoncampus.BeeCampusUSAhopestoprotectthenativepollinators(傳粉者)oncollegecampusesbyincreasingthenumberofnativeplants,providingnestsites,reducingtheuseofpesticides,andofferingeducationalopportunitiesthathelpwithpollinatorconservation.Afterfirsthearingherschoolwasn’tcertificatedaBeeCampusandfindingbecomingBeeCampuscertificatedwouldgivetheUniversitymorepointsontheAdvancementofSustainabilityinHigherEducationSustainabilityTracking,Assessment&RatingSystem(STARS)program,whichdecidesratingstocampusesaccordingtotheirsustainableefforts,Brosswantedtohelp.TherearemanyrequirementstobecomeBeeCampuscertificated.ThefirstmajorstepforBrosswastocreateastandingBeeCampuscommitteewithamixofstudentsandstaff.Brosstriedtoreachouttoprofessorsandpeoplespecializinginthisfield.Aftermanyefforts,theprogramwasfinallypassedthroughandagardenforitwascreated.Over100peopleshoweduptohelpplantinthegarden.Aftertheplantingwasdone,Grounds,responsibleforplantingthepollinatorgardens,setuptheirhydroseeder(水力播種機(jī))andletattendeestaketurnssprayingthehill,withamixtureofwaterandwildflowerseeds,makingtheareamorepollinator-friendly.Rocky,theschoolrobot,evenmadeanappearance,takingturnsspraying.CertificatedbyBeeCampusUSA,BeeCampusesareexpectedtocontinuemaintainingorimprovingpollinatorhabitatsoncampuses,aswellasmaintaininganeducationalonlinepresence.“Iseethecampuscontinuingtobeveryinterested,”Brossstated.Futureplansforthecampusincludemorepollinatorgardens,nativewildflowers,andevenbeesculpturestoprovidenewhabitats.AsforBross?Shepicturesherselfsomewherewarmandsunnyinthenearfuture,workinginenvironmentalcommunicationsanddoingsomethingforthechangeshewantstoseeintheworld.24.WhatisthepurposeofBeeCampusUSA?A.Tooffersomeadviceonsustainabledevelopment.B.Tofindeducationalopportunitiestoratethecollege.C.Toprotectnativepollinatorsoncollegecampuses.D.Toincreasethenumberofcollegecampuses.25.WhatdidBrossneedtodofirst?A.Formacommittee. B.Buyahydroseeder.C.Createagarden. D.Joinastudentorganization.26.WhydidRockyappearinthegarden?A.Toscarethepollinatorsaway. B.Tohelpspraythehill.C.Toplantwildflowerseeds. D.Towelcomepeople.27.WhatcanweknowaboutBrossfromthelastparagraph?A.Sheisfondofdrawing. B.Shewilllookforsomenewhabitats.C.Sheownspollinatorgardens. D.Shehasanenvironment-relatedworkplan.【答案】24.C25.A26.B27.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了大四學(xué)生ZoeBross幫助她所在的大學(xué)正式獲得蜜蜂校園認(rèn)證的故事?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“BeeCampusUSAhopestoprotectthenativepollinators(傳粉者)oncollegecampusesbyincreasingthenumberofnativeplants,providingnestsites,reducingtheuseofpesticides,andofferingeducationalopportunitiesthathelpwithpollinatorconservation.(美國(guó)蜜蜂校園希望通過增加本土植物的數(shù)量，提供巢穴，減少殺蟲劑的使用，以及提供有助于保護(hù)傳粉媒介的教育機(jī)會(huì)，來(lái)保護(hù)大學(xué)校園里的本土傳粉媒介)”可知，BeeCampusUSA的目的是保護(hù)大學(xué)校園中的本土傳粉昆蟲。故選C項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“ThefirstmajorstepforBrosswastocreatastandingBeeCampuscommitteewithamixofstudentsandstaff.(布羅斯的第一個(gè)重要步驟是建立一個(gè)由學(xué)生和工作人員組成的常設(shè)校園委員會(huì))”可知，Bross首先需要做的是成立一個(gè)委員會(huì)。故選A項(xiàng)?！?6題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Aftertheplantingwasdone,Grounds,responsibleforplantingthepollinatorgardens,setuptheirhydroseeder(水力播種機(jī))andletattendeestaketurnssprayingthehill,withamixtureofwaterandwildflowerseeds,makingtheareamorepollinator-friendly.Rocky,theschoolrobot,evenmadeanappearance,takingturnsspraying.(種植完成后，負(fù)責(zé)種植傳粉昆蟲花園的Grounds設(shè)置了他們的水力播種機(jī)，讓管護(hù)人員輪流向山上噴灑水和野花種子的混合物，進(jìn)而使該地區(qū)對(duì)傳粉昆蟲更友好。學(xué)校的機(jī)器人洛奇甚至也出現(xiàn)了，輪流噴灑)”可知，學(xué)校的機(jī)器人在花園中給小山噴灑水和野花種子的混合物。故選B項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Shepicturesherselfsomewherewarmandsunnyinthenearfuture,workinginenvironmentalcommunicationsanddoingsomethingforthechangeshewantstoseeintheworld.(在不久的將來(lái)，她想象著自己在一個(gè)溫暖而陽(yáng)光明媚的地方，從事環(huán)境傳播工作，為她想看到的世界的變化做點(diǎn)什么)”可推知，Bross計(jì)劃從事環(huán)境相關(guān)工作，繼續(xù)為改善環(huán)境而努力。故選D項(xiàng)。CResearchershavetrainedarobot“chef”towatchandlearnfromcookingvideos,andrecreatethedishitself.GrzegorzSochacki,aPhDinBio-InspiredRoboticsLaboratory,andhiscolleaguesdesignedeightsimplesaladrecipesandfilmedthemselvesmakingthem.Theythenusedapubliclyavailableneuralnetwork(神經(jīng)元網(wǎng)絡(luò))totraintheirrobotchef.Theneuralnetworkhadalreadybeenprogrammedtoidentifyarangeofdifferentobjects,includingthefruitsandvegetablesusedintheeightsaladrecipes.Usingcomputervisiontechniques,therobotanalyzedeachframe(畫面)ofvideosandwasabletoidentifythedifferentobjectsandfeatures,suchasaknifeandtheingredients(佐料),aswellasthehumandemonstrator’sarms,handsandface.Boththerecipesandthevideoswerechangedtovectors(模型)andtherobotperformedmathematicaloperationsonthevectorstodeterminethesimilaritybetweenademonstrationandavector.Bycorrectlyidentifyingtheingredientsandtheactionsofthehumanchef,therobotcoulddeterminewhichoftherecipeswasbeingprepared.Therobotcouldinferthatifthehumanchefwasholdingaknifeinonehandandacarrotintheother,thecarrotwouldthengetcutup.Ofthe16videositwatched,therobotrecognizedthecorrectrecipes93%ofthetime.Therobotwasalsoabletodetectthatslightchangesinarecipe,suchasmakingadoubleportion(份)ornormalhumanerrors,werechangesanddidn’tmeananewrecipe.Therobotalsocorrectlyrecognizedthedemonstrationofanew,ninthsalad,addedittoitscookbookandmadeit.“Ourrobotisn’tinterestedinthesortsoffoodvideosthatarepopularonline,whichquicklymovebackandforthbetweenthepersonpreparingthefoodandthedishthey’repreparing—they’resimplytoohardtofollow,”saidSochacki.“Butastheserobotchefsgetbetterandfaster,theywillbeabletousethosevideostolearnawholerangeofrecipes.”28.WhatdidSochackiandhiscolleaguesdofortheexperiment?A.Theypostedafilmfeaturingnetworkonline.B.Theymadevideostotraintheirrobotchef.C.Theydesignedaneuralnetworkthemselves.D.Theyprepared16saladrecipesfortherobot.29.Whatcanbelearnedfromparagraph3?A.Thelearningprocessoftherobotchefisveryeasy.B.Itisdifficulttotellingredientsfromhumanchefs’faces.C.Therobotchefcanpredictwhatwillhappennextaccordingly.D.Fewmathematicaloperationsareneededfortheidentification.30.WhatisSochacki’sattitudetowardsthefutureofrobotchefs?A.Positive. B.Unclear. C.Doubtful. D.Worried.31.Whichisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.TheSimilarityBetweenaDemonstrationandaVectorIsProvedB.APubliclyAvailableNeuralNetworkMakesCookingEasierC.OnlineVideosHelpRobotChefsLearnaWholeRangeofRecipesD.ARobotChefLearnstoRecreateRecipesfromWatchingFoodVideos【答案】28.B29.C30.A31.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要講述了研究人員訓(xùn)練了一個(gè)機(jī)器人，它通過觀看學(xué)習(xí)烹飪視頻，學(xué)會(huì)了自己制作菜肴?！?8題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“GrzegorzSochacki,aPhDinBio-InspiredRoboticsLaboratory,andhiscolleaguesdesignedeightsimplesaladrecipesandfilmedthemselvesmakingthem.Theythenusedapubliclyavailableneuralnetwork(神經(jīng)元網(wǎng)絡(luò))totraintheirrobotchef.(GrzegorzSochacki是仿生機(jī)器人實(shí)驗(yàn)室的博士，他和他的同事們?cè)O(shè)計(jì)了八種簡(jiǎn)單的沙拉食譜，并拍攝了他們制作沙拉的過程。然后，他們使用一個(gè)公開的神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)來(lái)訓(xùn)練他們的機(jī)器人廚師。)”可知，Sochacki和他的同事在實(shí)驗(yàn)中制作視頻來(lái)訓(xùn)練他們的機(jī)器人廚師。故選B?！?9題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Therobotcouldinferthatifthehumanchefwasholdingaknifeinonehandandacarrotintheother,thecarrotwouldthengetcutup.(機(jī)器人可以推斷，如果人類廚師一只手拿著刀，另一只手拿著胡蘿卜，那么胡蘿卜就會(huì)被切開。)”可推斷，機(jī)器人能判斷接下來(lái)會(huì)發(fā)生什么。故選C?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段““Butastheserobotchefsgetbetterandfaster,theywillbeabletousethosevideostolearnawholerangeofrecipes.””(“但隨著這些機(jī)器人廚師變得越來(lái)越好、越來(lái)越快，他們將能夠利用這些視頻學(xué)習(xí)各種各樣的食譜?！?可推斷，Sochacki對(duì)這些機(jī)器人的未來(lái)持積極的態(tài)度。故選A?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段“Researchershavetrainedarobot“chef”towatchandlearnfromcookingvideos,andrecreatethedishitself.(研究人員已經(jīng)訓(xùn)練了一個(gè)機(jī)器人“廚師”，它可以觀看和學(xué)習(xí)烹飪視頻，并自己制作菜肴。)”可知，本文主要講述的是研究人員訓(xùn)練了一個(gè)機(jī)器人，它通過觀看學(xué)習(xí)烹飪視頻，學(xué)會(huì)了自己制作菜肴，因此最好的標(biāo)題是D選項(xiàng)“ARobotChefLearnstoRecreateRecipesfromWatchingFoodVideos(機(jī)器人廚師從觀看美食視頻中學(xué)習(xí)重新制作食譜)”。故選D。DMorethan50percentofthelargestlakesintheworldarelosingwater,storinglesswaterthantheydidthreedecadesago,accordingtoanewassessmentpublishedtodayinScience.Thekeycausesarenotsurprising:Thewarmingclimateandunsustainablehumanconsumption.LeadauthorFangfangYao,aclimatefellowatUniversityofVirginia,andhisteamcreatedatechniquetomeasurechangesinwaterlevelsofnearly2,000oftheworld’sbiggestlakesandreservoirs(水庫(kù)),whichrepresent95percentofthetotallakewaterstorageonEarth.Theyused250,000lake-areapicturestakenbysatellitesbetween1992and2020tosurveytheareaof1,972ofEarth’sbiggestlakes.Theycollectedwaterlevelsfromninesatellitealtimeters(測(cè)高計(jì))andusedlong-termwaterlevelstoreduceanyuncertainty.Forlakeswithoutalong-termlevelrecord,theyusedrecentwatermeasurementsmadebynewerinstrumentsonsatellites.Combiningrecentlevelmeasurementswithlonger-termareameasurementsallowedscientiststoreconstructthevolumeoflakesdatingbackdecades.Theresultwasstaggering:53percentoflakesgloballyexperiencedadeclineinwaterstorage.Theauthorscomparethislosswiththesizeof17LakeMeads,thelargestreservoirintheUnitedStates.Toexplainthetrendsinnaturallakes,theteamusedrecentadvancementsinwateruseandclimatemodeling.“Climatechangeandhumanwaterconsumptionweremainlyresponsiblefortheglobalnetdeclineinnaturallakevolumeandwaterlossesinabout100largelakes,”Yaosaid.“Andmanyofthehumanandclimatechangefootprintsonlakewaterlosseswerepreviouslyunknown,suchasthedrynessofLakeGood-e-ZarehinAfghanistan.”Andtheirresearchoffersanunderstandingintopossiblesolutions.Yaosaid,“Ifhumanconsumptionisalargecauseoflakewaterstoragedecline,thenwecanadaptandexplorenewpoliciestoreducelarge-scale(大范圍)declines.”Thishappenedinoneofthelakestheteamstudied,LakeSevaninArmenia.LakeSevanhasseenanincreaseinwaterstorage,inthelast20years,whichtheauthorslinkedtotheenforcement(實(shí)施)ofconservationlawsonwaterwithdrawalsincetheearly2000s.32.Whatphenomenondoestheauthordescribeatthebeginningofthetext?A.Manylargestlakesareindecline. B.Sustainabledevelopmentisimportant.C.Globalwarmingisworseningquickly. D.Thewaterstoragesystemneedsimproving.33.Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?A.Thereasonforreducingtheuncertainty. B.Theprocessoflookingforlakes.C.Themeasuresusedtodotheresearch. D.Thewaystoreconstructthelakes.34.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“staggering”inparagraph4probablymean?A.Understandable. B.Exciting. C.Useful. D.Shocking.35.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.Theincreaseinhumanconsumptionhasslowed.B.Somelawsareneededtoincreaselakewaterstorage.C.Lakeshaveseensignificantgrowthinwaterincrease.D.Waterresourcesmanagementisunknowntothepublic.【答案】32.A33.C34.D35.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。世界上超過50%的最大湖泊正在失去水，儲(chǔ)水量比30年前減少了，關(guān)鍵原因是氣候變暖和人類活動(dòng)。文章對(duì)此進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)介紹。【32題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第一句“Morethan50percentofthelargestlakesintheworldarelosingwater,storinglesswaterthantheydidthreedecadesago,accordingtoanewassessmentpublishedtodayinScience.(根據(jù)今天發(fā)表在《科學(xué)》雜志上的一項(xiàng)新評(píng)估，世界上超過50%的最大湖泊正在失去水，儲(chǔ)水量比30年前減少了。)”可知，作者在文章開頭描述了許多最大的湖泊正在減少的現(xiàn)象。故選A?！?3題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段前三句“Theyused250,000lake-areapicturestakenbysatellitesbetween1992and2020tosurveytheareaof1,972ofEarth’sbiggestlakes.Theycollectedwaterlevelsfromninesatellitealtimeters(測(cè)高計(jì))andusedlong-termwaterlevelstoreduceanyuncertainty.Forlakeswithoutalong-termlevelrecord,theyusedrecentwatermeasurementsmadebynewerinstrumentsonsatellites.(他們利用衛(wèi)星在1992年至2020年間拍攝的25萬(wàn)張湖泊照片，調(diào)查了1972個(gè)地球上最大的湖泊。他們從9個(gè)衛(wèi)星高度計(jì)收集水位，并使用長(zhǎng)期水位來(lái)減少任何不確定性。對(duì)于沒有長(zhǎng)期水位記錄的湖泊，他們使用了最近由衛(wèi)星上的新儀器進(jìn)行的水位測(cè)量。)”可知，第三段主要介紹了用來(lái)做調(diào)查的方法。故選C?！?4題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第四段中的“53percentoflakesgloballyexperiencedadeclineinwaterstorage.Theauthorscomparethislosswiththesizeof17LakeMeads,thelargestreservoirintheUnitedStates.(全球53%的湖泊儲(chǔ)水量下降。作者將這一損失與美國(guó)最大的水庫(kù)米德斯湖的大小進(jìn)行了比較。)”可知，此處是指調(diào)查結(jié)果令人震驚，所以staggering意為“令人震驚的”。故選D。【35題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句“LakeSevanhasseenanincreaseinwaterstorage,inthelast20years,whichtheauthorslinkedtotheenforcement(實(shí)施)ofconservationlawsonwaterwithdrawalsincetheearly2000s.(在過去的20年里，塞萬(wàn)湖的儲(chǔ)水量有所增加，作者認(rèn)為這與21世紀(jì)初以來(lái)有關(guān)取水的保護(hù)法律的執(zhí)行有關(guān)。)”和第二句中的“Ifhumanconsumptionisalargecauseoflakewaterstoragedecline,thenwecanadaptandexplorenewpoliciestoreducelarge-scale(大范圍)declines.(如果人類的消費(fèi)是湖泊儲(chǔ)水量下降的主要原因，那么我們可以適應(yīng)和探索新的政策來(lái)減少大規(guī)模的下降。)”可知，從最后一段中可以推斷出需要制定一些法律來(lái)增加湖泊儲(chǔ)水量。故選B。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分,滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Everyoneexperiencesstressinsomeformoranother.However,thereareactionsyoucantaketoreduceyourstresslevelandintroducesomepeacebackintoyourroutine.____36____Getactive.Anyphysicalactivity,includingsimplytakingawalk,isaneffectivestressreliever.Aerobic(有氧的)exercisereleasesendorphinsthatincreasefeelingsofhappinessandhelpyoumaintainapositiveattitude.____37____Ifyouaren’tintotraditionalexercise,tryanytypeofmovementthatfeelsgood,fromdancingaroundyourbedroomtojumpingonatrampoline.___38___Mindfulness(正念)isthestress-reducingpracticeofnonjudgmentalawareness.Therearemanymindfulnessexercisesyoucantry,frommeditation(冥想)tomindfulphysicalactivitysuchasyogaortaichi.Forexample,inmeditation,youfocusyourmindonsomethingsimplelikeyourbreath,practicegentlylettinggoofeachnegativethought,andthenreturnyourfocustoyourbreath.Trysomesimplemeditationguidesifyou’renewtothepractice.Prioritizesleep.Whenyou’restressed,youmayfindyourselfsleepinglessortossingandturningduringthenight.___39___Onthecontrary,agoodnight’ssleepallowsyourbodyandmindtorest,givingyouafreshstartandenergytohandleallyouneedtodo.Seekprofessionalsupport.___40___That’sbecauseyoumaybecomemoreatalosswhenyouarestressed.Alicensedconsultantcanhelpyouidentifyandfindsolutionstoyourstressandteachyounewcopingskills.A.Trymeditation.B.Practicemindfulness.C.Youdon’thavetodealwithstressonyourown.D.Keepyourfocusondeep,slowbreathingexercises.E.Herearesomesuggestionsonhowtoreducestress.F.Alackofqualitysleep