2024屆 高考英語(yǔ) 二輪復(fù)習(xí) 閱讀理解 專題練習(xí)有答案解析

Passage1Afewyearsago,whenIwascaringformyseriouslyillfather,Ilostmyvoice.Atfirst,IjustsoundedhoarsewhenIwashavingdifficultconversationsaboutDad'scondition.Butbeforelong,Icouldn'tevensay“Yesplease”toacupofteawithoutsoundinglikeanunusuallybreathlessMinnieMouse.Afterconsultinganear,noseandthroatspecialist,IwastoldthatIhadlostmyvoiceduetostress.We'reallfamiliarwiththemuscletighteningthatcomeswiththebody'snaturalresponsetostress.Themusclesinandaroundthevoiceboxarenoexception,andalongperiodofstresscanleadtolastingdamagetothevocalcords(聲帶).Perhapsthemostobviousthingyoucandotoprotectyourvoiceistogiveitarest.Thatdoesn'tmeanyouhavetokeepsilent.Justtrytoavoidplaces,suchasnoisybarsandrestaurants,whereyouhavetospeakuporshouttobeheard,andmoveclosertopeoplesoyoucantalkinyournormalvoice.Whilesomeoftheadviceseemslikecommonsense,thereareafewsurprises.It'simportanttoresisttheurgetocoughorclearyourthroatbeforeattemptingtospeak,forexample.Coughingpushesthevocalcordstogetherwithforce,whichcanincreasetheriskoflosingyourvoice.Instead,expertssuggesttakingafewbigyawns,makingsuretobreathedeeplyfromthebottomofyourlungs.Yawninghelpscreatemorespaceinyourthroatandrelaxesthemuscles.Whisperingmayseemtheobviouswaytocommunicatewhenyourvoiceisfailing,butformostofus,itcausesmoreproblems.It'sfarbetter,theresearchersadvisetoaimtospeaksoftlyinyournormalvoice.Interestingly,aUniversityofMissouristudyfoundthatintroverts(內(nèi)向者)aremorelikelytosufferfromspeech-relatedstressreactions,whichaffecttheirvocalcontrol.Simplytakingadeepbreathbeforeyouspeakcangoalongwaytowardscalmingthenerves,saysstudyleadauthorProfessorMariaDietrich.InmycaseseekingmoresupportwithDad'scarehelpedmesoundmorelikemyselfandlesslikeMinniewithinweeks.1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“hoarse”meaninthefirstparagraph?A．Unabletospeak.B．Unabletoexpressoneself.C．(Sounding)sweetandsmooth.D．(Sounding)roughandunpleasant.2．Whatisthepurposeofthefirstparagraph?A．Tointroducethetopic.B．Tomakethearticleinteresting.C．Tosharetheauthor'spersonalexperience.D．Toofferevidencefortheauthor'sargument.3．Accordingtothetext,whatisagoodwaytoprotectyourvocalcords?A．Whisperinginanoisyenvironment.B．Avoidingbigyawnsbeforespeaking.C．Shorteningthedistancefromothers.D．Coughingsoftlytomakeyourvoiceclear.4．Whyisitmorelikelyforintrovertstohavevocalcordproblems?A．Theyhavedifficultyinvocalcontrol.B．Theyalwayswhisper,whichmaycausemoreproblems.C．Theyareprobablyundermorepressurewhenspeaking.D．Theyalwaysforgettotakeadeepbreathbeforetalking.Passage2Wildanimalsarehuman'sfriends,animportantpartofthenaturalecosystem,andvaluablenaturalresourcesendowed(賦予)bynature.Indianelephants,asubspeciesofAsianelephants,havebeenconsideredendangeredsince1986.Thereareonlyanestimated20，000to25，000Indianelephantsleftinthewild,andtheglobalpopulationisbelievedtobedecreasing.HabitatlossiswidelyconsideredadirectthreattoIndianelephants.RecenteconomicgrowthandsubsequentincreaseddevelopmentinAsiaarethemaincausesofthishabitatloss.Fromexpandinghumansettlementsandminingtoconvertinglandtoplantationsandinfrastructure(基礎(chǔ)建設(shè)),manyactivitiescanblockmigratoryelephantroutesanddrivethemintosmallersub-populations.Whenanimalsareforcedintosmallerpocketsofpopulations,theyrisklosinggeneticdiversityandhaveahigherchanceofdyingfromdiseaseandnaturaldisasters.InIndia,elephantshavefaceda70%populationdeclineoverthelast60years.Whenaccountingforclimatechangeprojections,scientistspredictthattheelephantpopulationinthecountrycouldloseover40%ofitshabitatby2070.Aselephantslosetheirhabitatstohumansettlementsanddevelopment,interactionsbetweenhumansandelephantsalsorise.Elephantpopulations,especiallythoselivingoutsideofprotectedareas,wanderintoagriculturallandsinsearchoffoodandcausecroporpropertyloss.Evenworse,theseimpactsmaycausefarmersandresidentstoretaliateagainsttheelephantsiftheybelievetheirassetsareindanger.Poisonorotherdeadlymethodshavebeenused.AlthoughcountrieslikeIndia,Vietnam,andMyanmarhavecompletelybannedthecaptureofwildelephantsforanypurpose,illegalhuntingstillhappensinthoseandothernationswhereIndianelephantslive.CountriesaroundtheworldaretakingactiontoprotectIndianelephants.InpartsofMyanmar,teamsofrangersworktoprotectandco-managewildelephantpopulationswiththeWildlifeConservationSociety.TheyusetheSpatialMonitoringandReportingTool(SMART),ageographicinformationsystems-basedsoftwaretosystematicallycollect,manage,analyze,andreportdatacollectedfromforests.WithSMART,parkmanagerscandeployrangersstrategicallyinhotpotsforillegalhuntingorotherillegalactivities,manageefforts,andorganizeresources.5．WhatistheimmediatecauseofthedeclineofIndianelephant'snumber?A．Thegrowthofeconomy.B．Thelossoftheirhabitat.C．Thechangeoftheclimate.D．Theincreaseofillegalhunting.6．WhatdothefiguresinParagraph4show?A．Themainchangeofecosystem.B．ThemainfeaturesofIndianelephants.C．TheproblemscausedbyIndianelephants.D．TheseverityofIndianelephants'situation.7．HowdoestheSMARTwork?A．Bycompletelypreventinghunting.B．Bycollectingandreportingdatacollectedfromforests.C.ByfoundingtheWildlifeConservationSociety.D．Bycountingthepopulationofwildlife.8.What'sthepurposeofthistext?A．ToadvertiseforIndianelephants.B．ToattracttouriststowatchIndianelephants.C．ToappealtopeopletoprotectIndianelephants.D．TointroduceSpatialMonitoringandReportingTool.Passage3Whydowechoosetohelponeanother?Therearemanyreasons.Youmaybeaselflesspersonorlendingahandmaybeaculturalexpectation.Now,researchersareraisingthepossibilitythatgoodsleepmaybeawonderfulingredientthatpromotesthealacritytoofferhelpbetweenhumanbeings.Indeedthebettersleepyouhave,themorewillingyouwillbetolendahand.Andasurprisingnewsetofresearchstudieshavefoundthatsleeplossmayaffectourgenerosityatdifferentlevels.ResearchersatUniversityofCalifornia,Berkley,ledthreesmallstudiestoexploregenerosity.Inonestudy,theyexposedagroupofhealthyadultstoanightof8hoursofsleepandanightwithnosleep.Researchersscannedtheparticipants'brainsaftereachnight.Afterasleeplessnight,areasofthebraininvolvedinempathyandhelpingbehaviorwerelessactive.Infact,whenthestudyparticipantsweresleeplessatnight,78%ofthemdemonstratedareductioninthedesiretohelpothers.Inthenextstudy,researcherstracked136peoplethroughonlinequestionnairesandsleepdiariesforafewdays.Theywantedtoseeifnightlyvariationsinsleepaffectedtheirdesiretohelpothers.Theyfoundthat,whensleepqualityworsenedfromonenighttothenext,therewasamajordecreasein“helpingchoices”andviceversa.Thethirdstudylookedathowsleeplossaffectedgenerosityonalargerscale.Theresearchersanalyzeddatafromover3millioncharitabledonationsmadeintheU．S..TheyfocusedondonationsduringthetransitiontoDaylightSavingTime(DST)inspringeachyear.Duringthespringtimechange,weloseanhourofsleep.Interestingly,researchersfounda10%dropindonationsinregionsthatchangetheirclocks.Thisdropwasn'tseeninregionsthatdidn'tobservethetimechange.Itshowedthatinsufficientsleeptriggeredbythetimechangeimpacteddonationbehavior.Alltheseresultssuggestthatinsufficientsleepmakesuslesscompassionateandhelpful.Throughouttheworld,morethanhalfofadultsdon'tgetenoughsleepduringtheworkweek,butweshouldallstartvaluingadequatesleepratherthantreatingitlikesomethingoptionalorunproductive.Ifso,itwillenableustobemorehelpfulandtobethebestversionsofourselves.9．What'sthewritingpurposeofthefirstparagraph?A．Tostartaheateddiscussion.B．Tointroducethetopicofthetext.C．Topresentasocialphenomenon.D．Toshowtheauthor'sconclusion.10．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“alacrity”meaninthesecondparagraph?A．Understanding.B．Ability.C．Awareness.D．Eagerness.11．Whatcanweinferfromthethreestudies?A．PeopleobservingDSTarelikelytodonateless.B．Peoplechangetheirclockstohavemoreempathy.C．Sleepqualitydeterminesthedesiretogiveahand.D．Sleeplosscanseverelyaffecthelpingbehavior.12．Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A．SleepTriggersBehaviorB．AdequateSleep:AHealthyPersonC．SleepInfluencesGenerosityD．SoundSleep:AProductivePersonPassage4Myson'sseventhbirthdayisapproaching,soconversationatmyhousehasnaturallyturnedtoorganizinghisparty.Forhissixthbirthday,webookedthelocaltrampoline(蹦床)park.Thisworkedoutwell.Butthewholeeventcostushundredsofpounds.Thisyear,I'mtryingtoconvincehimthatthedinosaur-themedparkdowntheroadoffersjustasmuchfun—andyoudon'tevenneedtowearspecialsocks!Thiswillbecheaper,becausewearen'trequiredtohireaspace—wecansimplybuyticketsforhismates.ButIstillkeepponderingoveronething—partybags.Whyshouldabunchofseven-year-olds,whohavealreadybeentreatedtoadayoutandamountainofsugar,alsobehandedabagfullofpound-shopgiftsforsimplybotheringtoshowup?Partybagsareanenvironmentaldisaster.Ireckonmysonattends20partiesperyear,andateachpartythereare20kidsinattendance,whichmeans400plasticbagsintotal.Withinthese400bagsareperhaps800plastictoys,almostallofwhichfallapartonthejourneyhomeandthenget__binnedinstantly.Thewasteisshocking,andIdon'twanttobepartofit.Iknowtherearesomepartybagalternatives:onecoupleIknowcoveredatablewithMr.Menbooksandgotthekidstochooseoneeach.Atanotherparty,Isawthehostsfillabucketwithsofttoysandcrumplednewspaper,anddoaluckydip(抽獎(jiǎng)).Admirableefforts.Evenifthatisanicetry,andevenifthecontentsinthepartybagsdon'tfallapart,sowhat?Willourgueststhinkmorehighlyofourchildbecauseofthepartybagsfromourparty?Willmychild'sabilitytomakeandkeepfriendsbeimproved?Well,thetraditionforkid'spartybagsendswithme,anditendshere,anditendsnow.Who'swithme?13．Whydoestheauthorrecommendthedinosaur-themedpark?A．Becauseit'smoreenjoyable.B．Becauseitprovidessocks.C．Becauseitcanreducecost.D．Becauseitoffersfreetickets.14．Whatmaybeputinpartybags?A．Giftsbroughtbyguests.B．Giftspreparedbyhosts.C．Giftsdistributedbyparks.D．Giftadonatedbycharities.15．Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardspartybags?A．Intolerant.B．Objective.C．Favorable.D．Indifferent.16．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“getbinned”meaninParagraph4?A．Berecycled.B．Berepaired.C．Bethrownaway.D．Begivenaway.Passage5Onesummermidnight,standingoutsideawoodenhouseinMichigan'sUpperPeninsula,Ilookedup.Thesightofthousandsofstarswasalmostenoughtomakeme,anon-believer,offerawordofgratitudeupintothestar-filledsky.Buttowhom?PerhapstoJohanEklof,authorofTheDarknessManifesto．Abatscientist,EklofworksinthenightshadowsinwesternSweden.Hisworkrequiresanabsolutekindofdarknessunpollutedbylight.Butthiscategoryofdarknessisthreatened.Inthe1980s,Ekloftellsreaders,two-thirdsofthechurchesinSwedenhousedbatcaves.Notanylonger.“Today,thisnumberhasbeenreducedbyathirdduetolightpollution,becausethechurchesallglowbrightlyinthenight.”hewrites.Wehaveallnoticeditwhendrivingthroughanycityatnight.Emptyplacesarefloodlit.ThenightskyinHongKongis1，200timesbrighterthananunlitone.Citizensofsomelargecities,writesEklof,haveneverallowedtheireyestoadapttotruenightvision.Butweareonlynowbeginningtounderstandtheeffects.Toomuchlightisincrediblydestructivetothecomplexeco-systemsmanyanimalsinhabit.ItscaresawaythebatsthatEklofstudies;reeffisheggsgounhatched;birdsforgettoevensing.Sohowcanwedealwiththetoomuchlight?In2019,Francepassedlawslimitinghowmuchlightcanbesentintothesky.InVienna,Austria,thecity'slightsareturnedoffat11p．m.Somemeasures,likeartificiallightsthatdonotreflectlightupward,arealreadywithinourgrasp.“Wecouldjustturnitalloff,butIguesswedon'twantto,becausedarknessisnotsafeforeveryone.”saidEklofinarecentinterview.“Soit'svitalwefindamiddleway.”Rightnow,it'shardtoknowwhatthatmiddlewaymightlooklike.In50years,everycitycouldbelitbyenvironmentallylow-impactlights,orwemighthavecompletelyforgottenwhatdarknessis—theskyfilledwithlittlemoons.17．WhatdoweknowaboutEklofswork?A．Itreduceslightpollution.B．Itfocusesonstarsandsky.C．Itstrengthenspeople'sbelief.D．Itrequiresaspecificcondition.18．Whatcanreplacetheunderlined“it”inmeaninginParagraph3?A．Darkness.B．Anunlitcity.C．Floodlighting.D．Thenightsky.19．WhatareParagraphs4and5mainlyaboutregardinglightpollution?A．Causeanddamage.B．Effectandsolution.C．Consequenceanddisadvantage.D．Analysisandpotential.20．Whatisthewriter'sattitudetowardlightingmanagement?A．Balanced.B．Negative.C．Unclear.D．Conservative.Passage6Formuchofhumanhistory,ethical(道德的)behaviorhasbeenguidedbytheGoldenRule:dotoothersasyouwouldhavethemdotoyou.Buttheruleisimperfect.Whatyouwantinagivensituationmaynotbewhatanotherpersondesiresatall.Inthemedicalfield,makingorinfluencingchoicesforotherscanmakeallthedifference.Suchchoicesimpactpeople'squalityoflifeandeventheirchancesofsurvival.Ashealthcarebecomesmoreindividualized,thetimeseemsrightforanewethicalguideline—the“platinum(白金)rule”proposedbyprofessorHarveyMaxChochinov:dotoothersastheywouldwantdonetothemselves.Chochinovdescribesthisprincipleinhisessaypublishedlastyear.HebeginswithastoryaboutahealthcrisisaffectinghissisterEllen,whowasseverelydisabled.Thecaredoctor,afterseeinghertwisted(扭曲的)body,wasweighingwhethertoinsertabreathingtubewhenheaskedChochinovastrangequestion:DidEllenreadmagazines?“Thequestionwasfrightening.”Chochinovwrites,“thiswasnotanattempttogettoknowEllen...butratherawaytodecideifherswasalifeworthsaving.”Ellenreadwidelyandenjoyedmanysimplepleasuresoflife,butthegapbetweenherlifeasapersonwhousesawheelchairandthedoctor'ssenseofwhathewouldwantinhersituationwastoovasttobebridgedbytheGoldenRule.“That'swhenjudgingfromwhereyoustandwhatanothermightneedorwantbeginstobreakdown，”Chochinovexplained.Timeisalimitedresourceinthehealth-caresystem,andthere'snodenyingthatgettingtoknowapatientasanindividualmeansinvestingadditionalminutesorhours.Still,Chochinovbelievessuchinvestmentiscost-effective.Therearebenefitsfordoctorsaswell.“Whentheyemotionallyconnecttotheirpatients,theydoabetterjob.”Incertaincases,doctorsmayfindithardtoapplytheplatinumrule.Butthereisvalueintheeffort:attheveryleast,theirtryingtoworkthroughitwillensurethattheyhavesufficientmodestyaboutthewisdomoftheirchoices.21．Whyistheplatinumruleintroducedtothemedicalfield?A．Tostrengthenethicalbehaviorintreatment.B．Tohelpdoctorsacquireaccurateinformation.C．Toincreasechancesofsurvivalforpatients.D.Tomakeperson-centeredcareaccessibletopatients．22．WhatcanwelearnfromEllen'sstory?A．Ahealthcrisiscausedherdisability.B．Thedoctorwascuriousaboutherhobby.C．Thedoctorgavelittlethoughttoherneeds.D.Herbrothersanghighpraisesforthetreatment.23．WhichstatementmightChochinovagreewith?A．Healthcaresystemneedsinvesting.B.Timeputintoknowingapatientisrewarding.C.Trustbetweendoctorsandpatientsisimportant.D．Emotionalconnectiontopatientsbringsjobburnout.24．Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardstheplatinumrule?A．Objective.B．Favorable.C．Careful.D．Unclear.Passage1【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。作者通過(guò)一次失聲的經(jīng)歷，講述如何保護(hù)嗓子。1．答案與解析：D詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫線詞前面一句中的“...Ilostmyvoice.”以及下文的“...soundinglikeanunusuallybreathlessMinnieMouse.”可推斷，作者的聲音變得沙啞難聽。故選D。2．答案與解析：A推理判斷題。文章主要講述了保護(hù)嗓子的方法。作者用自己的一段親身經(jīng)歷開頭，目的是為了引出文章的主體部分。故選A。3．答案與解析：C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“...andmoveclosertopeoplesoyoucantalkinyournormalvoice.”可知，可以通過(guò)縮短與談話人的距離來(lái)降低說(shuō)話的音量，從而達(dá)到保護(hù)嗓子的目的。故選C。4．答案與解析：C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“...introverts(內(nèi)向者)aremorelikelytosufferfromspeech-relatedstressreactions,whichaffecttheirvocalcontrol.”可知，內(nèi)向者跟人聊天時(shí)內(nèi)心壓力更大，聲帶受壓力影響，更容易損壞。故選C。Passage2【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹印度象瀕臨滅絕，各國(guó)正在積極采取措施保護(hù)印度象。5．答案與解析：B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一句“HabitatlossiswidelyconsideredadirectthreattoIndianelephants.”可知，印度象數(shù)量下降的直接原因是它們棲息地的喪失。故選B。6．答案與解析：D推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“InIndia,elephantshavefaceda70%populationdeclineoverthelast60years.Whenaccountingforclimatechangeprojections,scientistspredictthattheelephantpopulationinthecountrycouldloseover40%ofitshabitatby2070.”可推斷，作者用數(shù)據(jù)表明印度象處境艱難。7．答案與解析：B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段第三句“TheyusetheSpatialMonitoringandReportingTool(SMART),ageographicinformationsystems-basedsoftwaretosystematicallycollect,manage,analyze,andreportdatacollectedfromforests.”可知，SMART是一種軟件，是通過(guò)收集和報(bào)告從森林收集的數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)工作的。8．答案與解析：C推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句“CountriesaroundtheworldaretakingactiontoprotectIndianelephants.”及全文可知，作者寫這篇文章是為了呼吁大家保護(hù)印度象。Passage3【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要講述了睡眠與人們幫助他人的行為有關(guān)。事實(shí)上，你睡得越好，你就越愿意伸出援手。9．答案與解析：B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Whydowechoosetohelponeanother?Therearemanyreasons.Youmaybeaselflesspersonorlendingahandmaybeaculturalexpectation.”可知，第一段提出了我們可能幫助別人的原因，第二段“Now,researchersareraisingthepossibilitythatgoodsleepmaybeawonderfulingredientthatpromotesthealacritytoofferhelpbetweenhumanbeings.”指出一項(xiàng)研究表明，良好的睡眠有助于人類去幫助別人，這是文章的主題，由此可推知，第一段的寫作目的是引出文章話題，故選B。10．答案與解析：D詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫線單詞下文“Indeedthebettersleepyouhave,themorewillingyouwillbetolendahand.”可知，你睡得越好，你就越愿意伸出援手。換言之，良好的睡眠促使人們樂(lè)意去幫助別人，由此可推知，畫線單詞“alacrity”意為“樂(lè)意”，故選D。11．答案與解析：A推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中“TheyfocusedondonationsduringthetransitiontoDaylightSavingTime(DST)inspringeachyear.Duringthespringtimechange,weloseanhourofsleep.”和倒數(shù)第二段中“Interestingly,researchersfounda10%dropindonationsinregionsthatchangetheirclocks.”可推知，用夏時(shí)制的人們可能會(huì)捐贈(zèng)較少。故選A。12．答案與解析：C主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是第二段中“Now,researchersareraisingthepossibilitythatgoodsleepmaybeawonderfulingredientthatpromotesthealacritytoofferhelpbetweenhumanbeings.Indeedthebettersleepyouhave,themorewillingyouwillbetolendahand.”可知，文章主要講述了睡眠與人們幫助他人的行為有關(guān)。事實(shí)上，你睡得越好，你就越愿意伸出援手。故選C。Passage4【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。作者兒子的七歲生日快到了，作者打算今年在路邊的恐龍主題公園為兒子過(guò)生日，因?yàn)檫@會(huì)節(jié)省很多錢，同時(shí)作者認(rèn)為由主人給參加聚會(huì)的孩子準(zhǔn)備的派對(duì)包是一種浪費(fèi)，作者堅(jiān)決抵制。13．答案與解析：C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Butthewholeeventcostushundredsofpounds....Thiswillbecheaper,becausewearen'trequiredtohireaspace—wecansimplybuyticketsforhismates.”可知，作者推薦恐龍主題公園的原因是它可以降低成本，故選C。14．答案與解析：B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Whyshouldabunchofseven-year-olds,whohavealreadybeentreatedtoadayoutand