中考英語新題型摘錄要點(diǎn)

中考文章摘錄要點(diǎn)專題講解一、考題要求：第二節(jié)摘錄要點(diǎn)(5小題，計(jì)10分)閱讀下面的材料，然后在表格中完成內(nèi)容摘要，每空不超過三個(gè)單詞。二、樣題研究：2014長沙摘錄要點(diǎn)樣題是一篇150個(gè)詞的文章，它由兩部分組成，一是所需閱讀的文章一篇，二是根據(jù)該文章所設(shè)計(jì)的圖表，其題材為說明文，圖表是文章的結(jié)構(gòu)圖，它反映了文章本身的邏輯思路，也是反映命題人的設(shè)題思路。圖表共5個(gè)空格，其答題信息均可直接從原文中找到。三、對(duì)考生要求：盡管樣題的答題信息均可從原文中直接找到，但為了使考生萬無一失，以不變應(yīng)萬變，我們還是對(duì)考生相關(guān)能力提出了更高要求。1.閱讀理解能力。對(duì)文章的整體把握，領(lǐng)略大意。對(duì)文章的結(jié)構(gòu)和層次把握，弄清局部和整體的關(guān)系。對(duì)文章局部的透徹理解，提取有用信息。

2.對(duì)圖表的識(shí)讀能力。考生要迅速把握?qǐng)D表的結(jié)構(gòu)分布層次，命題人的出題角度，哪個(gè)空是考察細(xì)節(jié)，哪個(gè)空考察結(jié)論，哪個(gè)空考察標(biāo)題。

3.分析、概括、推斷能力。圖表試題中有的可以直接從原文中提取到，有的則需要對(duì)原文信息進(jìn)行再加工處理，得到原文相一致的文外詞匯。

4.正確書寫能力。這就需要考生具有一定的詞匯儲(chǔ)備，而且能夠認(rèn)識(shí)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和句子成分，根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和成分來判斷所填詞的詞性。當(dāng)然，考生也應(yīng)該具有構(gòu)詞法的知識(shí)。例如，詞性轉(zhuǎn)換，形容詞、副詞的比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)，名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式等。此外，還有提煉出文章主旨或者重要信息的能力，也就是在語篇結(jié)構(gòu)解讀基礎(chǔ)上的信息轉(zhuǎn)換能力。四、解題步驟：第一步，瀏覽圖表。劃分板塊，標(biāo)題塊、結(jié)論塊、主題塊、細(xì)節(jié)塊。標(biāo)題塊和結(jié)論塊里的空放在最后做，然后按主題塊次序先做細(xì)節(jié)空，再做主題空。

第二步，快速略讀全文，把主題塊和相應(yīng)的段落對(duì)應(yīng)起來。

第三步，在圖表中領(lǐng)任務(wù)，第一主題塊對(duì)應(yīng)的細(xì)節(jié)中的空，帶上任務(wù)精讀相應(yīng)的段落細(xì)節(jié)，提取信息，填空完成試題。然后完成主題塊，最后完成標(biāo)題塊。五、題目的設(shè)置類型及答題策略1.信息捕捉題(文中原詞)

要求學(xué)生能快速在文章中查找相關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)，鎖定信息來源，并用文章中的詞來填空。例如：樣題中第58題可從原文第一句ItliesinTaoyuanCountyandis23kmawayfromChangde.直接得出。樣題中第59題可從第一段最后一句Thetourareatodayismadeupoffourparts－theTaohuaMountain,theTaohualingHill,theTaoyuanMountainandtheQinrenVillage.直接得出。2.同義轉(zhuǎn)換題靈活考查學(xué)生在知識(shí)重組基礎(chǔ)上，運(yùn)用多中表達(dá)方式表意的能力，突顯遣詞造句能力的考查。比如，用意義相同或相反的詞完成句子的能力。同時(shí)，在限定不超過3個(gè)詞的要求下，更需要考生有逆向思維的能力。這種類型的題目一般不能直接在文章中找到題目給出的句子，需要考生在捕捉到相關(guān)信息之后，將捕捉到的信息進(jìn)行加工轉(zhuǎn)換。2014長沙中考樣題56題所給答案（56.Placesofinterest/Scenicspots/Scenicarea/Attractiveplaces…）就充分的體現(xiàn)了這一點(diǎn)。3.信息綜合題(綜合概括題)

要求考生能夠準(zhǔn)確無誤地概括出文章的主題或行(欄)的標(biāo)題，考查學(xué)生概括與推斷的能力，歸納、抽象并提煉出文章主旨或者重要信息的能力，也就是在語篇結(jié)構(gòu)解讀基礎(chǔ)上的信息轉(zhuǎn)換能力。例如樣題的第57.ChangdePoemWall常見英語摘錄要點(diǎn)概括性詞匯：

標(biāo)題title主題topic原因cause/reason結(jié)果result措施/步驟measure/step方法solution/way/manner/method態(tài)度attitude趨勢(shì)tendency結(jié)論conclusion建議suggestion/tip/advice要求requirement/demand問題problem觀點(diǎn)opinion/view/idea意義significance目的/目標(biāo)purpose/aim/goal影響effect/influence定義definition來源source數(shù)量quantity質(zhì)量quality優(yōu)劣advantage/disadvantage特色.特征feature人物/角色character.類型type/kind/sort情節(jié)plot內(nèi)容content行為behavior重要性importance必要性necessity/must情感feeling/emotion異同difference/similarity外表appearance信息information人口population貢獻(xiàn)contribution想象力imagination創(chuàng)造力creativity概括、總結(jié)summary要點(diǎn)、提綱outline其它time/place/situation/condition六、專題訓(xùn)練第一組（1）閱讀下面的材料，然后在表格中完成內(nèi)容摘要，每空不超過三個(gè)單詞。ItliesinTaoyuanCountyandis23kmawayfromChangde.Thetemplesherewerebuiltinthe10thcentury.Duringthereign(統(tǒng)治)ofGuangxu(1875-1908)oftheQingDynasty,ascenicspot(景點(diǎn))appearedaccordingtothearticle“OntheLandofPeachChangdePoemWallChangdePoemWallisa3-kilometer-longriverbankalongsidetheYuanjiangRiver,whichisengraved(雕刻)withpoems,handwritingandpaintinganditislistedasthelongestwallwithengravedartsinGuinnessRecord.TaohuayuanTitle（標(biāo)題）:56inNameLocation(位置)Features(特色)TaohuayuaninTaoyuantheTaohua5958awayfromChangdetheTaoyuantheQinren

57alongsidetheYuanjiangpoemshandwriting60（2）ArecentreportfromZhuzhouDailysaysabout18%ofZhuzhouteenagerscanhaveproblemswiththeirminds（內(nèi)心，精神）.Somestudentsbecomeworriedbecausetheyhavetostudyveryhard.Othershavetroublegettingonwellwithpeopleliketheirparentsandclassmates.ZhangQiang,aJunior2studentfromZhuzhou,couldnotunderstandhisteachersinclassandwasdoingbadlyinhislessons.Hewasafraidofexams.Whenhelookedattheexampaper,hecouldn’tthinkofanythingtowrite.Anotherstudent,a15-year-oldgirlcalledWuYanoftenarguedwithherclassmatesevenherparentsbecauseofsomedifferentideas.Shebecamesoannoyedaboutthemthatshestartedtocutherfingerwithaknife.However,manystudentswhohaveproblemswon’tgoforadviceorhelp.Somethinktheywilllookstupid（愚蠢的）iftheygotoseeadoctor.Othersdon’twanttotalkabouttheirsecrets.Inordertosolvetheteenagers’problems,hereissomeadvice:●Talktoyourparentsorteachersoften.●Takepartingroupactivitiesandplaysports.●Gotoseeadoctorifyoufeelunhappyorunwell.Title:Teenager'sproblemswith_____①_____ProblemsExamplesZhangQiang1.Notunderstandinghisteachersand____②_____inhisstudy2.BeingafraidofexamsWuYanArguedwithherclassmatesevenherparentsbecauseof____________③_______________._______④_____●Talkingtoyourparentsorteachersoften.●__________⑤__________groupactivitiesandplaysports.●Goingtoseeadoctorifyoufeelunhappyorunwell.（3）InmostChineseteavillages,Marchisthetimeofyearinwhichlocalsstarttopickandprocesstea.Theusuallyquietvillagessuddenlybecomecrowdedcentersofactivity,aspeopletakeoutspecialtoolsandprepareforteaprocessing.Insomevillages,localresidentsholdtraditionalceremonies,thankingheavenforitsblessing.ThepriceofteapickedinMarchisextremelyhighbecauseitisfresh,tenderandcontainsmultipletraceelements.Chinahasbeenfamousforteaproductionsinceancienttimes.OfthegoodstransportedandtradedalongtheOldSilkRoadlinkingChinatotheMiddleEastandEurope,theimportanceofteawasmatchedonlybysilk.ChinaproducesOolong,black,green,white,yellowanddarktea.TheOolong,greenandblackvarietiesaremostfamousfortheirhighquality.MostofChina'steavillagesarefoundinremotemountainousareasinthecountry'ssouthandsouthwest,wherethebeautifulsceneryisoftenhiddenunderclouds.1.Title:_______________TimeFrom2.__________________tillnowTradinginthepastAlongthe3.________________tomanyothercountries.ProducingplaceRemoteandquietteavillages4_________________Oolong,black,green,white,yellowanddarktea5.______forexpensiveMarchteaFresh,tenderandcontainingmultipletraceelements第二組(1)Somebirthdaycustomsarequitesimilarinmanypartsoftheworld----birthdaycandles(蠟燭),birthdaygames，andbirthdaycakes.Butsomecustomsaremorespecifictocertaincountries.Herearesomechildrentalkingabouttheircustoms.Linda---Iamfourteen.IcomefromAruba.Inourcountry,Childrentakesomethingspecialtoschoolfortheirclassmatesandallteachers.Eachteachergivesthebirthdaychildasmallgiftlikeapencil,aneraserorapostcard.Thebirthdaychildisalsoallowedtowearspecialclothesinsteadoftheschooluniform.Lucy---IamoneyearolderthanLinda.Denmarkismycountry.Aflagisflownoutsideawindowtoshowthatsomeonewholivesinthathouseishavingabirthday.Presentsareplacedaroundthechild'sbedwhiletheyaresleepingsotheywillseethematoncewhentheywakeup.Tom---IamasoldasLinda.IamfromBrazil.Thebirthdaychildreceivesapullontheearlobe(耳垂)foreachyearinmycountry.Thebirthdaypersonalsogivesthefirstsliceofcaketohis/hermostspecialfriendorrelative,usuallymomordad.NamesCountriesAgesSpecialcustomsLindaArubaFourteenEachteacherreceivessomethingspecialfrom(1)._________andgiveshimorherasmallgift.LucyDenmark(2)________Ifyousee(3)________flyingoutsideawindow,youmayknowsomeoneinthathouseishavingabirthdayTom(4)______Fourteen(5)_________ofthebirthdaycakeisusuallygiventoMomorDad.(2)HarbinisinnorthernChina.It'sverycoldinwinter,sometimes-30℃Beijingisnotverycoldinwinter.It'sabout-10°C.Itdoesn'toftenrainorsnow.Hotelsusuallycuttheirpricesinwinter.About200yuananightisenough.CityWeather1______.ofahotelroomSanyaIt'sstill2______.inwinter.About320yuananight3______.It'sverycoldinwinter.About4_____yuananightBeijingIt'snotverycoldinwinter.Itdoesn'toften5___________.About200yuananight(3)LastTuesday,alittlegirldiedaftereatingsomefriedchicken.HerfatherboughtthechickenforherfromastreetsellerinFenzhuangVillage,Fengtai,Beijing.Aftertestingthegirl,thedoctorsaidshewaspoisoned(中毒)bynitrites(亞硝酸鹽).SomeexpertssuggestthatweshouldbuyfoodswithQSsigns.Theyaresafer.Afterhearingabouttheaccident,manypeoplefeelmoreworriedaboutthefoodsafetybecausetherehavebeenmanyfoodsafetyproblemsinourcountrytheseyears.Forexample,poisonous(有毒的)rice,oil,milkandsoonhavebeenfoundoutrecently.Peoplefeelquiteafraidbecausethesepoisonousfoodsareratherbadfortheirhealthandevenkillthem.Theywantthegovernmenttodosomethingtostopsuchpoisonousfoodsanddrinksappearingagainsothattheycanhavesafeandhealthyfoodsanddrinks.InformationCard1.Thelittlegirldiedaftersheate__________.2.Someexpertssuggestthatweshouldbuyfoodswith__________.3Manypeoplefeel_______aboutthefoodsafetyafterhearingabouttheaccident.4.Thepoisonousfoodsare_________forpeople'shealthandevenkillthem.5.Thepeoplewant

thegovernment__________tostopsuchpoisonousfoodsanddrinksappearingagain.(4)ManykindsofbirdsliveintheUnitedStates,butthenumberofthebirdsisbecomingsmallereveryyear.Oneoftheleadingreasonsisthegrowingnumberofpetcats.Bykeepingyourpetcatsinyourhome,youcanhelpgivebirdsabetterpossiblechancetolive.Ofthe90millionpetcatsinthiscountry,abouttwo—thirdsareallowedtogooutside.Itissaidthatthesecatskillhundredsofmillionsofbirdseachyear,aswellasbillionsofsmallanimalssuchasrabbitsandfieldmice.Theycanalsobringillnesstotheanimalsthatliveinpeople'syard(院子),furtherweakeningthehealthofthenaturalpopulations.Allowingpetcatstogooutsideisnotjustbadforbirdsandwildlife,it'salsobadforthecatsthemselves.Outdoorcatscangetsickveryeasily.Theyareindangerfromtrafficandattacks(攻擊)fromotheranimals.Infact,outdoorcatsusuallydon'tlivepasttheageoffive,whileindoorcatsoftenlivetobe17orolder.Keepyourpetcatinside!Ifyouraiseayoungcat,it'syourdutytoletitplayinside.ProblemThenumberofbirdsisbecoming1._______;

atthesametime,manypetcatsarein2.______fromtrafficandattacksfromotheranimals.ReasonfortheproblemPetcatsare3._______togooutsidefreelyWhattodoPeoplewho4._______ayoungcathavethe5.______toletitplayinside.(5)TheideaofMother’sDayisaveryoldidea.ItwasstartedbytheancientEgyptians(埃及人),whocelebrated(慶祝)adaytohonour(向……表示敬意)Isis,themotherofthepharaohs.TheearlyChristians(基督教徒)celebratedadaytohonourMary,themotherofJesus.Later,EnglishChristianscelebratedtohonourallmothers.ThisEnglishholidaywascalled“MotheringSunday”.WhentheEnglishcametoAmerica,theydidnothavetimeforMotheringSunday,sotheholidaywasnotcelebratedinAmerica.In1914,theU.Spassedalawwhichdesignated(規(guī)定)thesecondSundayinMayasMother’sDaytohonourthemotherswhohadlostsonsinwar.Today,Mother’sDayiscelebratedinmanyothercountriesforallmothers.InCanada,Australia,NewZealand,Mother’sDayiscelebratedonthesamedayasintheUnitedStates—thesecondSundayinMay.Childrengivetheirmotherscards,gifts,andflowers.SchoolsplanMother’sDay’sspecialactivities.InChina,theholidayiscelebratedtoshowtherespect(尊重)theChinesehavefortheoldpeople,andthelovetheyhavefortheirparents.Tentopmothersarechosenbythegovernment.Peoplealloverthecountrytrydifferentwaystohelpmotherswhoarepoor.(1)_______________________People/CountyWhotoHonourActivitiesinancienttimesEgyptiansIsisearlyChristiansMarylatertheEnglishallmotherstheU.Smotherswhohadlostsonsinwar(2)_______________nowCanada,Australia,etcallmothersgivemotherscards,gifts,andflowers;(3)____________China(4)_____________;parentschoosetentopmothers;(5)_______________（6）AnAmericannamedCruminventedpotatochipsin1853,althoughthatwasnothisintention（意圖）.HewasachefatabeautifulrestaurantinSaratogaSprings,Oneday,adinnerguestattherestaurantsentbackhisfriedpotatoestothechefbecausehedidnotlikethemsothick.SoMrCrumcutthepotatoesalittlethinnerandfriedthem.Theguestdidnotlikethoseeither.ThatmadeMrCrumangry,sohethoughthewouldjustshowtheman.Heslicedthepotatoespaper-thinandfriedthem,thinkingthatthemanwouldsaynothingaboutit.However,tohissurprise,themanlovedthethinpotatoesverymuch.Othergueststriedthemandalsolikedthem.So,MrCrum’spotatochipswereaddedtothemenu.TheycalledSaratogaChips.Finally,MrCrumopenedhisownrestauranttosellhisfamouschips.Nowpotatochipsarepackaged（包裝）andsoldinstores.Whoinvented1?2wasanAmericanchefatarestaurant.Adinnerguest3hisfriedpotatoestothechefbecausetheyweresothick.Thechefwasprobablygladintheendbecause4.Nowpotatochipsarepackagedandalsosold5.(7)NewEnergyintheTwenty-firstCenturyEnergyfromthewindWindisakindofcleanenergy,andthereislotsofit,But,ifthere'snowind,thereisnowindenergy.EnergyfromthewaterWhenwatermovesfromahighplacetoalowerplace,itcanmakeelectricity(電）withoutpollution.However,peoplehavetobuilddams(水壩)tousethisenergy,andbuildingdamsisveryexpensive.EnergyfromtheearthThereisheatintherocksundertheearth.Scientistsusetheheattomakegeothermal(地?zé)岬?energy.Thiskindofenergyischeap,butitisonlypossibleinafewplacesintheworld.EnergyfromthesunSolarpanels(太陽電池板)ontheroofsofhousescanturnenergyfromthesunintoelectricity.Solarpoweriscleanandplentiful(豐富的).butwhentheweatherisbad,Itdoesn'twork.NewEnergyinTwenty-firstCenturyAdvantagesDisadvantagesWindEnergyClean.Thereisalot.Itneeds(1)WaterEnergy(2)Itisexpensive.G