2024八年級英語下冊Unit2TravellingPeriod3Grammar習(xí)題課件牛津譯林版

Unit2TravellingPeriod3GrammarGrammarA.Usinghave/hasbeenandhave/hasgoneWeusehave/hasbeentoexpresstheideathatsomeonewenttoaplaceandhasalreadycomeback.Itreferstoanexperience.MillieandAmyhavebeentoSouthHill.Theywanttogothereagain.SandyhasneverbeentoSouthHill.Shewantstogowiththem.Weusehave/hasgonetoexpresstheideathatsomeonewenttoaplacebuthasnotyetreturned.KittyandherfamilyhavegonetoHongKong.Theywillcomebacknextweek.Suzyisnotathomeatthemoment.Shehasgonetothebookshop.AbouttravelsA1.TheClass1,Grade8studentsaretalkingabouttheirclassmatesandfamilies.Helpthemcompletethesentenceswithhave/hasbeenorhave/hasgone.1.Millieisn’there.She___________tothelibrary.hasgone2.PeterandSimon_________just_________tothelibrary.Theyborrowedsomeinterestingbooks.3.Mycousin___________toXi’antwice.4.Myparents____________toXi’anandthey’llstaythereforaweek.5.Danielwon’tbewithusattheparty.He__________toShanghai.havebeenhasbeenhavegonehasgoneA2.DanielandMilliearechattingataweekend.Completetheirconversationwiththecorrectformsoftheverbsinbrackets.Daniel:Ihaven’tseenMrWufordays.Where(1)___________he(go)__________?Millie:He(2)_________(go)toTianjintoattendameeting.Daniel:(3)_________you_________(be)anywhererecently?hasgonehasgoneHavebeenMillie:Yes,I(4)___________(be)toHainanwithmyparents.Daniel:Oh,that’sgreat!(5)_________you_________(be)toSanya?Millie:Sure,we(6)___________(be)tothebeachthere.Lookatthesephotos.Daniel:Thebeachisbeautiful.IseeAndyplayingonthesandtoo.①havebeenHavebeenhavebeen溫馨提示：此符號表示“考點(diǎn)精講點(diǎn)撥”鏈接。Millie:Yes.Wewenttherewithhisfamily.Daniel:Isee.Bytheway,shallweinviteAndytogoforapicnictomorrow?Millie:Andyisn’therethisweekend.Heandhisparents(7)___________(go)tothecountryside.They’llbebacktomorrowafternoon.havegoneB.VerbswithforandsinceWeuseforwhenwetalkaboutaperiodoftime,andweusesincewhenwetalkaboutatimepointinthepast.MrDonghaslivedhereformanyyears.MrDonghaslivedheresincehewasborn.Someverbs,suchascome,go,buyandleave,canbeusedinthepresentperfecttense,buttheycannotbeusedwithfororsinceinpositivestatements.×HehasleftBeijingforaweek.√HehasnotleftBeijingyet.√HehasbeenawayfromBeijingforaweek.×Hehasboughtacarsince2007.√Hehasnotboughtanynewcarsince2007.√Hehashadacarsince2007.Ifwewanttoexpressacontinuousstate,wecanuseanotherwaylikethis：VerbUsedforacontinuousstateExamplebegin/starthave/hasbeenonThefilmhasbeenonfor20minutes.②finish/stophave/hasbeenoverTheparadehasbeenoverforhours.③come/go/arrivehave/hasbeenin/atKittyhasbeeninHongKongfortwodays.VerbUsedforacontinuousstateExampleleavehave/hasbeenawayShehasbeenawayfromhomesincelastTuesday.borrowhave/haskeptShehaskeptthisbooksincelastweek.joinhave/hasbeeninhave/hasbeenamemberofSimonhasbeenamemberoftheFootballClubsincelastyear.marryhave/hasbeenmarriedTheyhavebeenmarriedfor15years.

④diehave/hasbeendeadThefishhavebeendeadforsometime.⑤MoreaboutKitty’stripKittyistellingMillieaboutherholidayinHongKongonthephone.Completewhatshesayswiththecorrectformsoftheverbsinbrackets.MyparentsandI(1)___________(arrive)inHongKongonthefirstdayofthewinterholiday.We(2)___________(be)hereforthreedays.arrivedhavebeenI(3)___________(borrow)abookaboutHongKongaweekago.It’sveryuseful.I(4)___________(keep)itwithmeforafewdays.IthelpsmelearnmoreaboutHongKong.Nowit’snoonandwe’reinOceanPark.Thefirstdolphinshow(5)_________(begin)at11:30a.m.It(6)___________(be)onforabouthalfanhour.Theshowisreallyexciting.borrowedhavekeptbeganhasbeen①IseeAndyplayingonthesandtoo.sand/s?nd/n.沙；沙灘e.g.Theboyfilledthebottlewithsand.那個男孩用沙子把瓶子裝滿了。Thechildrenplayedonthesands.孩子們在沙灘上玩耍?？键c(diǎn)1不可數(shù)名詞sand表示“沙灘”時可用復(fù)數(shù)形式sands。onthesands意為“在沙灘上”?？碱}1：幾個孩子正在沙灘上跑來跑去。Severalchildrenarerunningabout_________________.onthesands返回溫馨提示:可返回原文②Thefilmhasbeenonfor20minutes.beon上映，放映e.g.Thefilmhasbeenonfortenminutes.電影已經(jīng)開演十分鐘了。Thefilmstarts/beginsatfiveo’clockintheafternoon.電影下午五點(diǎn)鐘開始?？键c(diǎn)2表示延續(xù)的狀態(tài)beon“上映，放映”。可以與時間段連用。start瞬間動詞，不能與時間段連用。begin瞬間動詞，用于完成時態(tài)時，不可以和表示一段時間的時間狀語連用。 辨析：beon、start與begin考題2：[襄陽]—Whyareyouinsuchahurry?—Becausetheclass_______for10minutes.A.hasbeenonB.hasbegunC.isonD.beginsA返回③Theparadehasbeenoverforhours.over/'??v?(r)/adv.結(jié)束考點(diǎn)3詞性含義示例介詞在……上方Therewasalamphangingoverthetable.桌子上方吊著一盞燈。遍及Hehastravelledoverthewholecountry.他已經(jīng)游遍了全國。多于；超過HestayedinBeijingforovertwoyears.他待在北京兩年多了。在……期間Hecametothetownovertheweekend.他周末來到鎮(zhèn)上。詞性含義示例副詞翻轉(zhuǎn)Turnthepageoverandyou’llseeamap.把這頁翻過去，你就會看見一張地圖。結(jié)束Bythetimewearrivedthemeetingwasover.我們到達(dá)時，會議已經(jīng)結(jié)束了。語境助記：Shedreamedoftravellingallovertheworld.Soshewentoverthemapoverandoveragain.她夢想去環(huán)游世界，所以她反復(fù)地研究地圖。考題3：Thefinalofthebasketballmatch______foranhour,butwearestillveryexcited.A.hasbegunB.hasendedC.hasbeenonD.hasbeenover【點(diǎn)撥】根據(jù)“但我們?nèi)匀缓芗印?，可推測比賽“已經(jīng)結(jié)束”，排除A、C選項(xiàng)?？蘸蟆耙粋€小時”，與延續(xù)性動詞搭配。end為非延續(xù)性動詞，beover為延續(xù)性動詞。D返回④Theyhavebeenmarriedfor15years.marry/'m?ri/v.結(jié)婚；嫁；娶考點(diǎn)4marry的用法歸納：①marrysb.娶/嫁給某人②get/bemarriedtosb.與某人結(jié)婚③marrysb.tosb.把某人嫁給某人；使某人娶某人marry不能與介詞with搭配使用，getmarried與marry都不能與時間段連用，表示延續(xù)用bemarried。e.g.Hewillmarrythegirlfirstorlast.他遲早會娶那個姑娘的。Marygotmarriedtoadoctor.瑪麗和一位醫(yī)生結(jié)了婚。Theymarriedtheirdaughtertoanexplorer.他們把女兒嫁給了一位探險家。Howlonghavetheybeenmarried?他們結(jié)婚多久了？返回⑤Thefishhavebeendeadforsometime.dead/ded/adj.死的e.g.Mygrandmotherhasbeendeadformanyyears.Shediedin1987.我祖母已經(jīng)去世很多年了，她是1987年去世的。Hisdeathmadeussad.他的去世讓我們很傷心?？键c(diǎn)5v.死亡，去世n.死亡，去世語境助記：Hehasbeendeadfortwoyears.Hedied

ofcancer.Wewereverysadforhisdeath.他已經(jīng)去世兩年了。他死于癌癥。我們?yōu)樗娜ナ栏械胶茈y過?？碱}4：Joe’sgrandfather______lastyear.Thatistosay,he______foroneyear.A.died;hasdiedB.died;hasbeendeadC.wasdead;dieD.death;hasbeendead【點(diǎn)撥】根據(jù)“l(fā)astyear”可知，第一個空所在句為一般過去時，使用動詞過去式。根據(jù)“Thatistosay,he______foroneyear.”可知，此句為現(xiàn)在完成時，與時間段連用表延續(xù)，die為非延續(xù)性動詞，需要變?yōu)閎edead。B返回have/hasbeen與have/hasgonehave/hasbeen與have/hasgonehave/hasbeen表示某人曾經(jīng)去過某地，而且已從某地返回，它講的是過去的情況，強(qiáng)調(diào)去過或沒去過，著重于到目前的一個結(jié)果。常與ever，never，before，twice，threetimes等連用。①have/hasgone意思是“去了某地，但還沒回來”，表示現(xiàn)在人可能在去的途中或已經(jīng)在那兒了，總之不在說話的現(xiàn)場，因此，它通常用于第三人稱，不用于第一或第二人稱。②have/hasbeen與have/hasgonehave/hasbeen與have/hasgone不能和一段時間連用，但have/hasbeen+副詞時，可與一段時間連用；而have/hasgone+副詞不能和一段時間連用。遇到地點(diǎn)副詞here，there，home，abroad等時，不加to。③have/hasbeen+in/at+地點(diǎn)則表示某人留在某地，也可和部分名詞搭配表示“處在某種狀態(tài)中”，并常和表示一段時間的時間狀語搭配。④1.e.g.IhaveneverbeentoSanyabefore.我以前從未去過三亞。MrZhanghasbeentoAmericatwice.張先生去過美國兩次。2.e.g.—Whereisyourbrother?你哥哥在哪兒？—Hehasgonetothelibrary.他去圖書館了。返回3.e.g.Shehasbeenthereforthreedays.她去那兒已經(jīng)三天了。Sheisn’tathome.Shehasgoneabroad.她不在家。她出國了。4.e.g.HehasbeeninBeijingfortwoyears.他在北京已經(jīng)有兩年了。Ihavebeenatthebusstopforhalfanhour.我在公共汽車站有半個小時了。返回考題1：[揚(yáng)州]I______ChinaforthreemonthsandthisisthefirsttimeI’vetriedonhanfu.A.havegonetoB.havebeentoC.havearrivedinD.havebeenin【點(diǎn)撥】考查動詞短語。句意：我來中國三個月了，這是我第一次穿漢服。havegoneto去了（而且現(xiàn)在還在）某地；havebeento去過了（而現(xiàn)在沒在）某地；havearrivedin已經(jīng)到了，短暫性動詞短語；havebeenin（現(xiàn)在）在某地。根據(jù)“forthreemonths”可知，應(yīng)是在中國三個月了，且應(yīng)與延續(xù)性動詞連用。D返回since與forsince與for共同點(diǎn)since和for作介詞時，常和表示時間的名詞搭配構(gòu)成時間狀語，且謂語多用完成時態(tài)，表示某個動作發(fā)生在過去，并一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，甚至還可能延續(xù)下去。①不同點(diǎn)since還可引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，其中since引導(dǎo)的從句為一般過去時，主句為現(xiàn)在完成時，表示“自從這個動作開始以來，一直存在著某種狀態(tài)”。②since后接的是時間點(diǎn)，for后面接的是時間段。③考點(diǎn)11.e.g.IhavebeeninChinafortwentyyears.我在中國已經(jīng)二十年了。Shehasbeenheresincelastyear.她自從去年就在這兒。考題2：[鄂州]WhatdoyouthinkofEzhou,LiMing?—It______alotsincewestartedtobuildHuahuAirport.A.changedB.haschangedC.changesD.ischanging【點(diǎn)撥】考查時態(tài)。句意：——李明，你認(rèn)為鄂州怎么樣？——自從我們開始建造花湖機(jī)場，它變化了很多。根據(jù)“sincewestartedtobuildHuahuAirport”可知要用現(xiàn)在完成時，其結(jié)構(gòu)為have/hasdone。B返回2.e.g.Hehasworkedheresincehemovedtothiscity.自從他搬到這個城市以來就在這兒工作。考題3：I______manyplacesofinterestinChongqingsinceI______herelastyear.A.visit;comeB.visited;cameC.havevisited;cameD.havevisited;havecome【點(diǎn)撥】句意：自從去年來重慶，我參觀了重慶的許多名勝古跡。根據(jù)“sinceI______herelastyear”可知，主句使用現(xiàn)在完成時，結(jié)構(gòu)為have/hasdone；從句為一般過去時。C返回3.e.g.Ihaven’tseenyousincelastyear.自去年起我就沒見過你?？碱}4：Tommustreturnthetwobooks.He_____them_____twoweeksago.A.hasborrowed;forB.hasborrowed;sinceC.haskept;forD.haskept;since【點(diǎn)撥】句意：湯姆必須歸還那兩本書了。他自從兩周前就借了它們。根據(jù)“twoweeksago”可知，是過去的時間點(diǎn)，因此用介詞since，排除A和C；sincetwoweeksago表示一段時間，因此謂語動詞應(yīng)用延續(xù)性動詞，排除B。D考題5：[達(dá)州]Hisbrotherjoinedthearmythreeyearsago.（改為同義句）Hisbrother______________inthearmyforthreeyears.【點(diǎn)撥】句意：他哥哥三年前參軍了。根據(jù)“forthreeyears”可知，時態(tài)是現(xiàn)在完成時，beinthearmy“參軍”表示延續(xù)，主語是“Hisbrother”，助動詞用has。hasbeen返回延續(xù)性動詞和非延續(xù)性動詞延續(xù)性動詞也可稱為持續(xù)性動詞，表示一個動作可以持續(xù)一段時間或更長時間，不能和表示“短暫”意義的“點(diǎn)”時間狀語連用，常見的有：live，learn，talk，teach，play，read，work，wait，write，walk等。①

考點(diǎn)2延續(xù)性動詞和非延續(xù)性動詞非延續(xù)性動詞也被稱作短暫性動詞或瞬間動詞，表示一個動作發(fā)生在一瞬間，非常短暫。常見的有：start，stop，begin，become，buy，borrow，finish，find，end，enter，come，close，go，leave，open，join，die，see等。②非延續(xù)性動詞通常不能與表示一段時間的狀語連用，但一些非延續(xù)性動詞有相應(yīng)的同義延續(xù)性動詞或詞組，可與表示一段時間的狀語連用。③用法非延續(xù)性動詞的否定式相當(dāng)于延續(xù)性動詞。④非延續(xù)性動詞用于表示動作持續(xù)一段時間，可用句型“Itis（或hasbeen）+時間段+since...”⑤

延續(xù)性動詞和非延續(xù)性動詞延續(xù)性動詞和非延續(xù)性動詞都可用于完成時的句子中。完成時的句子中若含有表示一段時間的狀語，可以用非延續(xù)性動詞的否定形式，延續(xù)性動詞或相當(dāng)于延續(xù)性動詞的動詞短語作謂語。⑥常見的非延續(xù)性動詞要用延續(xù)性動詞或短語代替才可與表示一段時間的時間狀語連用。⑦

1.e.g.“昨天上午八點(diǎn)下雨?！边@個句子譯成英語，如果寫成：Itrainedateightyesterdaymorning.就錯了。這是因?yàn)閞ain是延續(xù)性動詞，而ateight是一個“點(diǎn)”時間狀語，表示一個短暫的時間概念。把它們用在一起，顯然是矛盾的，應(yīng)改為：Itbegantorainateightyesterdaymorning.這是因?yàn)閎egin是個非延續(xù)性動詞，它當(dāng)然能和ateight這個“點(diǎn)”時間狀語搭配。返回2.使用這些動詞時要注意動詞和時間狀語的合理搭配，否則就會產(chǎn)生邏輯上的錯誤。例如：“他死了三年了?！贝司洳荒茏g成：Hehasdiedforthreeyears.這是因?yàn)閐ie是非延續(xù)性動詞，而forthreeyears是一個“段”時間狀語。他怎么能一直“死”了三年呢？只有把動詞或時間狀語作如下調(diào)整，句子才能合理。（1）用Itis