2023年上海初三中考英語一輪復習講練第5講 情態(tài)動詞含詳解

第5講情態(tài)動詞

及劭幡裙、

【知識梳理1]must

情態(tài)動詞

本身有一定的詞義

1除ought,usee廂

have外，后面只能

接不帶t。的不定式

3沒有人稱，數(shù)的變化個別情態(tài)動詞過，

式用來表達更加客

氣委婉的語氣,時

態(tài)性不強一/

表肯定推測，意為"一定，must表示主觀義務(wù)，意

必定"（只用于肯定句中）；為"應該，"必須”

否定推測用canl,意為Ifsrainyoutside.You

"一定不"mustwearyourraincoat

beforeg&ngoutside.

Thelightisdark.Jackmust-MustIfinishmy

leavetheclassroom.homeworktoday,Muo

-Yes,youmust.Nos

needn't.

mustn'tSZF"不準"、

"不允許"、"禁止只有現(xiàn)在時一種形式（在

賓語從句中可以表示過

Youmustn'tbreakthe去）

rules.

Hesaidshemustgowith

me.

【例題精講】

1.Thehouseisdarkandquiet,sotheBrownshavegonetobed.

A.mustB.shouldC.oughtD.would

2.-MustIbooktheflighttickettoAustraliabyphone?

-No,you.Youcanalsodoitonline.A.mustn'tB.needn'tC.can't

D.couldn't

3.Wehavealreadytriedourbest,soweworryaboutthematter.

A.maynotB.couldn'tC.mustn'tD.needn't

4.-Mum,willyoubuymethenewiPadaftertheHighSchoolEntranceExamination?

---FmafraidI,dear.Weareshortofmoneynow.

A.can'tB.mustn'tC.shouldn'tD.needn't

5.Itbefantasticifmorestudentsjoininthecharityshowtomorrow.

A.mustB.needC.canD.may

【知識梳理2】haveto

，數(shù)及時態(tài)的變k

需要借助do『did

s變否定

Hehasdoesn'thavetogo

表示客觀要求，意為"不tothehospitalbecauseof

得不；必須"thebadcold.

Nowthere'snobushere,

為"不必"（=needn't）,

sowehadtowalkhome.

可以與情態(tài)動詞搭配使

用

Wehavenofoodhome,

youhavetogoandget

-MustIfinishmy

some,Tom.

homeworktoday,Mum?

-No,youneedn't/N

youdon'thaveto.

【知識拓展】have用法小

結(jié)

表示讓、叫某人做某事

表患病

havesb.dosth.

haveaheadache

Shehasherfatherclean

haveabadcold.

①②herroom.

表示‘‘有"示箋a”、“戴使（讓，請，叫）

Ihaveacar.haveonsth.別人作某事，動作

=havesth.on是別人做

=tobewearinghavesth.done

Hehasabeautifulwatchon.Ihavemyhaircut

實意動詞

助動詞

1.1haven'tgotenoughmoneytobuyaticket,soIgohomeonfoot.

A.mustB.havetoC.oughttoD.may

2.Hisarmisallright.Hegoandseethedoctor.

A.hasnottoB.don'thavetoC.haven'ttoD.doesn'thaveto

3.-Mustwefinishgivingouttheposterstoday?

—Yes,we.Itcan'tbeputoffanylonger.

A.canB.mayC.mustD.haveto

4.Whentrafficlightsarered,westopandwait.

A.mayB.canC.must

D.might.

【知識梳理3】would

【例題精講】

1.JennysaidsheherholidayinChina.

A.spentB.wouldspentC.wasgoingtospentD.wouldspend

2.Excuseme,youpleasepassmethatcup?

A.doB.shouldC.wouldD.must

3.Whenhewasthere,hegotothatcoffeeshopatthecornerafterworkeveryday.

A.wouldB.shouldC.hadbetterD.might

4.■一Theplaneisleavingrightnow,butJimhasn'tarrivedyet.

一Well,hesaidhehereontime.

A.cameB.wouldcomeC.canbeD.willbe

5.LiMingsaidhehappyifBriantoChinanextmonth.

A.as;comeB.was;wouldcomeC.wouldbe;cameD.willbe;come

知識梳理may

I

ILA▲上■

維JL

,w234口

表示請求允許表示給予允許意為"可能"意為”祝…，

-MayItakeYoumaytake表示推測:愿…"用以表

thisbookout?mydictionaryHemaybein示愿望和希望，

-Yes.youcan.aslongasyouhisofficenow.常置于句首：

-No.youcan't.don'tkeepitMayyoube

toolong.safeandh叩py.

【考點拓展】might的用法

?表示請求允許，語氣較委婉（但并不表示過去）;

1)---Might(may)Itakethisbookout?”

—“Yes,youmay."（由于答語是表示給予允許，可用may,但不能用might）

2)Youmaytakemydictionaryaslongasyoudon'tkeepittoolong.(不用might)

?表示推測時，might并非表示過去，比may語氣更不確定，表示的可能性更小，有時可用于疑問句

的句首。

1)Youmightbeabletopersuadehim.你也許能說服他。

2)Mightitraintonight?今晚會下雨嗎？

【例題精講】

1.youbehappy!

A.mayB.canC.mustD.would

2.—CouldIuseyourbike?

---Yes,surelyyou.

A.mightB.willC.canD.should

3.Tommy,youplaywiththeknife,yougethurt.

A.won't;can'tB.mustn't;mayC.shouldn't;mustD.can't;shouldn't

4.Whenhewasthere,hegotothatcoffeeshopatthecornerafterworkeveryday.

A.wouldB.shouldC.hadbetterD.Might

5.???Jackbeherenow?

---Hebehere,butI'mnottoosure.

A.Can;mayB.Must;needn'tC.May;mustn'tD.Can;can't

【知識梳理5】can

-Fmthirsty.CanyouOurmathteacheris

givemeabotdeofshort,butthemanis

water?tall.Hecan'tbeour

-Yes,Ican.!No,Imathteacher.

can't.

表對現(xiàn)在或?qū)?/p>

表現(xiàn)在的能力，意為3.can't

1.2.表現(xiàn)在的請求，允許的否定推測,意為“不

月匕,K可靛”

【考點拓展】

could的用法

A.canheB.can'theC.couldheD.couldn'the

4.Hecanhardlywaittohearthegoodnews,?

A.can'theB.canheC.doesheD.doesn't

5.-CanIkeepthismagazinefortwomoredays?

-Yes,you

A.mustB.mayC.oughttoD.need

6.A:Listen!IsProfessorJohnsongivingareportinthehall?

B:No,itbehim.HehasgonetoJapan.

A.needn'tB.mustn'tC.can'tD.maynot

【知識梳理6】should

?表示“應該，應當”,否定結(jié)構(gòu)shouldnot=shouldiVt

Heshouldworkharder.他應該更加努力。

Crimeshouldbepunished.犯罪應受懲罰。

Theyshouldsharetheumbrellatogether.他們應該共用雨傘。

【考點拓展】should與oughtto

Youshouldn'tYououghtnottodoit.

runalongside

theswimming—Oughthetostart?

pool.一Yes.heought(to).

YoushouldgotobedHesuggested

atonce.thatIshould

Childrenoughttogothere.

cleantheirbedroom

bythemselves.

【例題精講】

1.Schoolsallowstudentsatleastonehouradayforsports.

A.wouldB.mightC.oughttoD.could

2._________wegooutforawalk?-That'sagoodidea.

A.MayB.MustC.CanD.Shall

3.He______eatsogreedily.A.shouldn'ttoB.oughttonotC.oughtnotD.

oughtn'tto

4.—______I______gotherealone?

—Yes,youought.

A.Do,,,oughtB.Will…oughtC.Ought...toD.Ought,,*/

5.You______decidenow.Youcantellmeyourdecisionlater.

A.don'thavetoB.mustn'tC.cannotD.shouldn't

6.Everyone________keepthenewtrafficlawandlearnhowtoprotecthimself.

A.needB.canC.mayD.should

7.Let'splaytabletennis,?

A.willweB.shallweC.Shan'tweD.willyou.

【知識梳理7]need

【例題精講】

1.—MayIgooutforawhile,Mom?

一No,you.Youhavetofinishyourhomeworkfirst.

A.Shouldn'tB.needn'tC.mustn'tD.won't

2.一ShallItakemyswimmingsuit?

—No,you.Wewilljustgohikinginthemountain.

A.mustn'tB.couldn'tC.needn'tD.can't

3.一MustIstayathomethesedays?

No,you.Youcangoanywhere.

A.mustn'tB.needn'tC.can'tD.don't

4.Sinceyouareverytired,youfinishtheworktoday.Youshouldgohomeearlier.

A.needn'tB.maynotC.mustn'tD.can't5.Mum,todayis

Friday.MustIfinishmyhomeworknow?

-No,you..Youmayhavearestfirstandfinishittomorrow.

A.mustn'tB.can'tC.maynotD.needn't

6.Simon,youdoyourhomeworktoday.Leaveitfortomorrow.

A.needn'ttoB.notneedtoC.don'tneedD.don'tneedto

錦堂檢側(cè)一、單項選擇

1.ThisbookbeLinda's.Look!Joe'snameisonit.

A.can'tB.shouldn'tC.mustn'tD.needn't

2.Ifinishmyhomeworknow?

—No,youneedn't.

A.CanB.MayC.MustD.Could

3.youlendmeyourdictionary,Laura?

—Sorry,Ican't.IhavejustlentittoEric.

A.CouldB.ShouldC.MustD.Need

4.Lucyplaytheviolinverywellandshehaswonmanyprizes.

A.canB.mayC.needD.might

5.Itiscloudy.Theradiosaysitsnow.

A.mustB.mightC.needD.should

6.I'msorryIgonow.MyEnglishlessonwillstartinfiveminutes.

A.mayB.mustC.canD.could

7.Lookatthesign.Youtakephotosinthismuseum.

A.wouldn'tB.needn'tC.mustn'tD.couldn't

8.—Mom,Idon'tcarewhatmyclassmatesthinkaboutme.Ijustwanttobemyself.

—Well,Ithinkyou,becausesomeopinionsareworthweighing.

A.canB.mightC.shouldD.could

9.Insomecitiestheairisheavilypollutedbecauseoftraffic.We________workhardertoprotectour

world.A.mayB.canC.mightD.should

10.一Nick,________youliketojoinustothemuseum?

—Whynot?Let'sgo.

A.canB.couldC.wouldD.must

11.—MustIwritethereportbyhand,Mrs.Taylor?

—No,you________.Youcanwriteitonthecomputer.

A.needn'tB.mustn'tC.can*tD.shouldn't

12.Ifyou______speakEnglishinfrontofpeople,youwon'timproveyourEnglish.

A.don'tdareB.daresnottoC.darenotD.don'tdarenotto

13.You________takeyourumbrella.Fmsureitwon'train.

A.mustn'tB.shouldn'tC.don'thavetoD.can't

14.You'dbetter________toomuchtimeplayingcomputergames.

A.notspendB.nottospendC.notspentD.notspending

15.一Sophie,________Ijoinyouinthecommunityservice?

—Ofcourseyoucan.

A.mustB.needC.shouldD.can

16.—Whatwouldyoubuyforyoursisterasthebirthdaygift?

—Ibuyheradoll,butIhaven'tdecidedyet.

A.mayB.mustC.willD.need

17.Mike,youplaywiththatknife.Youhurtyourself.

A.shouldn't;needB.can't;should

C.needn't;mustD.mustn't;may

18.—Mustwefinishourreadingtasksnow?

一No,you.Youfinishitafterschool.

A.needn?t;mayB.mustn't;mayC.can't;canD.needn't;must

19.—Ican'tfindmyeraser.Iborrowyours?

一Sure.Hereyouare.

A.CouldB.NeedC.MustD.Would

20.一Howwasyourholidayinthelakedistrict?

—Itbeworse!Idon'tevenwanttotalkaboutit!

A.couldn'tB.shouldn'tC.needn'tD.mustn't21.Billhasbeendrivingallday.Hebetired.

A.needB.mustC.shallD.can

22.—ChineserunningstarSuBingtianrunssofast!Ibelievemyeyes.

—Yes,weareallproudofhim.

A.can'tB.mustn'tC.needn'tD.shouldn't

23.—CanIparkmycarhere?

-No,you.Lookatthesign.Itsays“Noparking”.

A.won'tB.wouldn'tC.needn'tD.mustn't

24.—Lucy,couldyougivemesomesuggestionsonreading?

——OK.Myfirstsuggestionisthatyouhaveagoodreadinghabit.

A.willB.canC.mightD.should

25.yougetmesomepaper,please?

A.ShallB.MayC.NeedD.Will

26.—Hey,boys!Doyouknowwhomtherunningshoesbelongto?

——Hello,Mr.Clark.TheybeJessica's.Sheoftenwearssuchshoesinourclass.

A.mustB.can'tC.wouldD.needn't

27.Yourequiretheotherclassmatestosolvetheproblemlikeyou.Everyonehashisownway.

A.mustn'tB.needn'tC.maynotD.wouldn't

28.Theboyisverybrave.Ihethetalltree.

A.daresay;darestoclimb

B.daretosay;dareclimbing

C.daresaying;daresclimb

D.daretosay;daresclimbed

29.ChinesegovernmenthaspromisedthatChinaneverbethefirstcountrytosolveinternational

problemsbyforce.

A.canB.shallC.willD.must

30.—IthoughtyoutoldAmywhatwouldhappenifshedidn'tfollowtherules.

—Idid.ButshejustlistentomenomatterwhatItoldher.

A.mustn'tB.shouldn'tC.couldn'tD.wouldn't

第6講情態(tài)動詞

互劭幡褂

【知識梳理1]must

教學建議：

由于此部分是復習課，建議老師采取以教代學的方式讓學生各自負責一個知識點進行講解，其他學生進行

提問。老師在過程中進行補充和總結(jié)。

情態(tài)動詞

本身有一定的詞義

1!<.■除ought,

Ahave外，后面只能|

=接不帶t。的不定式

3沒有人稱，數(shù)的變化個別情態(tài)動詞過?

式用來表達更加客

氣委婉的語氣,時

不強

表肯定推測，意為"一定，must表示主觀義務(wù)，意

必定"（只用于肯定句中）；為"應該，"必須”

否定推測用canl,意為Ifsrainyoutside.You

"一定不"mustwearyourraincoat

beforeg&ngoutside.

Thelightisdark.Jackmust-MustIfinishmy

leavetheclassroom.homeworktoday,Mum?|

-Yes,youmust.Nosyou1

needn't.

mustn'tSZF"不準"、

"不允許"、"禁止只有現(xiàn)在時一種形式（在

賓語從句中可以表示過

Youmustn'tbreakthe去）

rules.

Hesaidshemustgowith

me.

【例題精講】

1.Thehouseisdarkandquiet,sotheBrownshavegonetobed.

B.mustB.shouldC.oughtD.would

2.-MustIbooktheHighttickettoAustraliabyphone?-No,you.Youcanalsodoitonline.

A.mustn'tB.needn'tC.can'tD.couldn't

3.Wehavealreadytriedourbest,soweworryaboutthematter.

A.maynotB.couldn'tC.mustn'tD.needn't

4.--Mum,willyoubuymethenewiPadaftertheHighSchoolEntranceExamination?

?—I'mafraidI,dear.Weareshortofmoneynow.

A.can'tB.mustn'tC.shouldn'tD.needn't

5.Itbefantasticifmorestudentsjoininthecharityshowtomorrow.

A.mustB.needC.canD.may

KEYS:ABDAA

【知識梳理2】haveto

有人稱，數(shù)及時態(tài)的變

化，需要借助do/did/

does變否定

Hehasdoesn'thavetogo

表示客觀要求，意為"不tothehospitalbecauseof

得不；必須"thebadcold.

XE式don'thaveto目

Nowthere'snobushere,

"不必"(=needn't),

sowehadtowalkhome.

可以與情態(tài)動詞搭配使

用

Wehavenofoodhome,

youhavetogoandget

-MustIfinishmv

some,Tom.

homeworktoday,Mum?

-No,youneedni.No

youdon'thaveto

易錯點：改寫句子：一般疑

問句，否定句，反意疑問句，都需要借助助動詞do(not),does(not),did(not)o

【知識拓展】have用法小結(jié)

圭串病表示讓、叫某人做某事

意譽headache此

,Shehasherfatherclean

htaveatbadcold

fherroom.

表示“有”示“穿看’、“戴使(讓，請，叫)

Ihaveacar.haveonsth.別人作某事，動作

=havestfi.on是別人做

=tobewearinghavesth.done

Hehasabeautifulwatchon.Ihavemyhaircut

實意動詞

助動詞

1.1haven'tgotenoughmoneytobuyaticket,soIgohomeonfoot.

A.mustB.havetoC.oughttoD.may

2.Hisarmisallright.Hegoandseethedoctor.

A.hasnottoB.don'thavetoC.haven'ttoD.doesn'thaveto

3.-Mustwefinishgivingouttheposterstoday?

—Yes,we.Itcan'tbeputoffanylonger.

A.canB.mayC.mustD.haveto

4.Whentrafficlightsarered,westopandwait.

A.mayB.canC.must

D.might.KEYS:BDCC

【知識梳理3】would

【例題精講】

1.JennysaidsheherholidayinChina.

A.spentB.wouldspentC.wasgoingtospentD.wouldspend

2.Excuseme,youpleasepassmethatcup?

A.doB.shouldC.wouldD.must

3.Whenhewasthere,hegotothatcoffeeshopatthecornerafterworkeveryday.

A.wouldB.shouldC.hadbetterD.might

4.■一Theplaneisleavingrightnow,butJimhasn'tarrivedyet.

一Well,hesaidhehereontime.

A.cameB.wouldcomeC.canbeD.willbe

5.LiMingsaidhehappyifBriantoChinanextmonth.

A.as;comeB.was;wouldcomeC.wouldbe;cameD.willbe;come

Keys:DCABC

【知識梳理may

13B4

表示請求允許表示給予允許意為"可能"，意為"祝…，

-MayItakeYoumaytake表示推測：愿…"用以表

thisbookout?mydictionaryHemaybein示愿望和希望

-Yes：youcan.aslongasyouhisofficenow.常置于句首：

-No,youcan't.don'tkeepitMayyoube

/mustn't.toolong.safeandhappy.

【考點拓展】might的用法

?表示請求允許，語氣較委婉(但并不表示過去);

1)---Might(may)Itakethisbookout?”

―“Yes,youmay."(由于答語是表示給予允許，可用may,但不能用might)

2)Youmaytakemydictionaryaslongasyoudon'tkeepittoolong.(不用might)

?表示推測時，might并非表示過去，比may語氣更不確定，表示的可能性更小，有時可用于疑問句

的句首。

1)Youmightbeabletopersuadehim.你也許能說服他。

2)Mightitraintonight?今晚會下雨嗎？

【例題精講】

1.youbehappy!

A.mayB.canC.mustD.would

3.一CouldIuseyourbike?

■--Yes,surelyyou.

A.mightB.willC.canD.should

3.Tommy,youplaywiththeknife,yougethurt.

A.won't;can'tB.mustn't;mayC.shouldn't;mustD.can't;shouldn't

4.Whenhewasthere,hegotothatcoffeeshopatthecornerafterworkeveryday.

A.wouldB.shouldC.hadbetterD.Might

5.一Jackbeherenow?

-Hebehere,butI'mnottoosure.

A.Can;mayB.Must;needn'tC.May;mustn'tD.Can;can't

KEYS:ACBAA

【知識梳理5】can

-Fmthirsty.Canyou

givemeabotdeof

water?

-Yes,Ican./No/

can7t.

3.can，t表對現(xiàn)在或珞來

2.表現(xiàn)在的請求，允許的否定推測，意為“不

可能“

【考點拓展】

could的用法

could

表委婉客氣地提出請求，不表過去時態(tài)，回答一…can't

【例題；-Could_---------

注意：情態(tài)動詞表推測時，語氣由強至弱:

1.Millie肯定句：must>could>may>might

A.must.否定句：can't/couldn't>maynot>mightnot

2.A:IsLucyknocking■

A.necdrB.mustn'tC.can'tD.maynot

3.Theo]dmancouldhardlyreadorwrite,?

A.canheB.can'theC.couldheD.couldn'the

4.Hecanhardlywaittohearthegoodnews,?

A.can'theB.canheC.doesheD.doesn't

5.-CanIkeepthismagazinefortwomoredays?

—Yes,you

A.mustB.mayC.oughttoD.need

6.A:Listen!IsProfessorJohnsongivingareportinthehall?

B:No,itbehim.HehasgonetoJapan.

A.needn'tB.mustn'tC.can'tD.maynot

KEYS:CCABBC

【知識梳理6】should

?表示“應該，應當“，否定結(jié)構(gòu)shouldnot=shouldn"

Heshouldworkharder.他應該更加努力。

Crimeshouldbepunished.犯罪應受懲罰。

Theyshouldsharetheumbrellatogether.他們應該共用雨傘。

【考點拓展】should與oughtto

Youshouldn'tYououghtnottodoit.

runalongside

theswimming—Ou^ithetostart?

pool.—Yes.heought(to).

YoushouldgotobedHesuggested

atonce.thatIshould

Childrenoughtto