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全新版大學(xué)英語綜合教程第二版第三冊(cè)u(píng)nitl-8課后詳細(xì)答案來源:唐曉青的日志

UnitOneChangesintheWayWeLive

TextA

ContentQuestions(PIO)

Writeandliveonafann.

Becausetheygrownearlyalloftheirfruitsandvegetables.Theyhaveenougheggs,honeyand

wood.Theyareveryclosetonatureandcanenjoythebeautifulscenery.Besides,theycangoskiingand

skatinginwinter.

No.Sometimesthegoodlifecangetprettytough.

TheywereburiedunderfivefeetofsnowfromDecemberthroughMarch.

Whenthefirstspringcame,itbroughttwofloods.Thesecondfloodreferstothegoodharvestinthe

growingseason.

Hedecidedtoquithisjobandstarttofreelance.

Hehastocrawlintoblackbeardensfor“SportsIllustrated^^,hitchupdogsledracingteamsfor

“Smithsonian“magazine,checkouttheLakeChamplain“monster"for"ScienceDigest",andcanoethrough

theBoundaryWatersWildernessareaofMinnesotafor“Destinations”.

Asforinsurance,theyhaveonlyboughtapoorman'smajor-medicalpolicyandthepolicyontheirtwocars.

Theycutbacktheirexpenseswithoutappreciablyloweringtheirstandardofliving.Forexample,they

patronizelocalrestaurantsinsteadofmoreexpensiveplacesinthecity.Theystillattendtheoperaand

balletbutonlyafewtimesayear.Theyeatlessmeat,drinkcheaperwineandseefewermovies.

Atoleranceforsolitudeandlotsofenergy.

Theywillleavewithafeelingofsorrowbutalsowithasenseofprideatwhattheyhavebeenableto

accomplish.

Theychosetoliveinthecountrybecausetheywanttoimprovethequalityoftheirlives.Yes,theyhave

finallyrealizedtheirdreams.

TextOrganization(Pl1)

PartOne(paragraphs1—3)Thewriterviewshislifeinthecountryasaself-reliantandsatisfyingone.

PartTwo(paragraphs4-7)Lifeinthecountryisgoodyetsometimesveryhard.

PartThree(paragraphs8—11)Afterquittinghisjob,thewriter'sincomewasreduced,butheandhis

familywereabletomanagetogetby.

PartFour(paragraphs12-15)Atoleranceforsolitudeandalotofenergyhavemadeitpossibleforthe

familytoenjoytheirlifeinthecountry.

HappyMomentsandEvents

1)growingnearlyalltheirfruitsandvegetables

2)canoeing,picnicking,longbicyclerides,etc.

3)keepingwarminsidethehouseinwinter

4)writingfreelancearticles

5)earningenoughmoneywhilemaintainingahappyfamilylife

Hardships

1)workinghardbothinwinterandinsummer

2)harshenvironmentandweathercondition

3)anxiousmomentsafterthewriterquithisjob

4)cuttingbackondailyexpenses

5)solitude

Vocabulary

1.Fillinthegapswithwordsorphrasesgiveninthebox.(P15)

1)onbalance2)resist3)haul4)wicked

5)illustrated6)budget7)lowering8)boundary

9)involved10)economic11)blasting12)justabout

2.Nowusetheverbinbracketstoformanappropriatephrasalverbyouhavelearnedandcompletethe

sentencewithit.(P16)

1)cutback/down2)pickup

3)getby4)getthrough

5)faceupto6)turnin

7)makingupfor8)thinkup

3.Rewriteeachsentencewiththewordorphraseinbrackets,keepingthesamemeaning.(P17)

1)pursuedhismathematicalstudiesandtaughthimselfastronomy.

2)oftengeneratemisleadingthoughts.

3)attachgreatimportancetocombiningtheorywithpracticeinourwork.

4)besuspectedofdoingeverythingformoney.

5)beforehegetsthroughlife.

4.Completethesentences,usingthewordsorphrasesinbrackets(P17)

1.theirindooraprofittoinvestin

2.devicetheimprovementonaglobalscale

3.stackedtemptationneverdinedout

ConfusableUse(P18)

house

home

homefamily

household

doubt

suspected

doubted

suspected

suspect

WordFormation(P19)

1)rise2)final3)regular4)cash5)howsandwhys

6)upped7)yellowed8)bottled9)lower10)search

Cloze

1.Text-related(P20)

1)getsby2)temptation3)getthrough

4)improvement5)asidefrom6)suspect

7)supplement8)profit9)stacking

2.Theme-related(P21)

1)replaced2)consider3)quit

4)world5)tough6)fuels

7)provide8)luxuries9)balance

10)ideal

Translation

1.TranslatethesentencesintoEnglish(P21)

1)Wehaveaproblemwiththecomputersystem,butIthinkitisfairlyminor.

2)MyfatherdiedwhenIwastooyoungtoliveonmyown.Thepeopleofmyhometowntookover

responsibilityformyupbringingatthatpoint.

3)thetoyshavetomeetstrictsafetyrequirementsbeforetheycanbesoldtochildren.

4)Radioandtelevisionhavesupplementedratherthanreplacedthenewspaperascarriersofnewand

opinion.

5)Whenitcomestothismagazine,itisadigestofarticlesfrommanynewspapersandmagazines

aroundtheworld.

2.TranslatethepassageintoEnglish(P21)

Adecadeago,NancydidwhatsomanyAmericansdreamabout.Shequitanexecutivepositionand

openedahouseholddevicestoreinherneighborhood.PeoplelikeNancymadethedecisionprimarilyfor

theimprovementinthequalityoftheirlives.

But,torunabusinessonasmallscaleisbynomeansaneasyjob.Withouthersteadyincome,Nancy

hadtocutbackonherdailyexpenses.Sometimesshedidnotevenhavethemoneytopaythepremiums

forthevariouskindsofinsurancesheneeded.

Fortunately,throughherownhardwork,shehasnowgotthroughthemostdifficulttime.Sheis

determinedtocontinuepursuinghervisionofabetterlife.

TextB

1.Choosethebestanswerforeachofthefollowing.(P27)

1—6.acdbac

TranslateintoChinesetheunderlinedsentencesintheessay(P28)

什么?你說那聽起來不像你府上的生活?其實(shí),不僅僅是你一個(gè)人這么想。事實(shí)上,大多數(shù)人可能

都跟你一樣這么想的。

例如,《交給比弗吧》一劇中媽媽帶著珍珠項(xiàng)鏈,穿著高跟鞋做家務(wù)。爸爸整個(gè)周末都穿著西裝,系

著領(lǐng)帶。

要是電視網(wǎng)或有線電視沒有中意的節(jié)目,錄像制品商店可以提供好萊塢制作的品質(zhì)迥異的節(jié)目:新近

發(fā)行的電影、動(dòng)畫片、“成人”電影、體育鍛煉節(jié)目、旅游、體育及入門指南錄像帶。

如今,媽媽在看她的有線電視銷售服務(wù)節(jié)目的時(shí)候,爸爸可能想租一部動(dòng)作片。而在姐姐想看《辛普

森一家》時(shí),弟弟妹妹卻在玩《讓我們炸毀土星》的電子游戲。

MatchthedefinitionsinColumnBwiththewordsandphrasesinColumnA.(P28)

l)g2)f3)e4)d

5)b6)h7)a8)c

Fillinthegapswithwordsorphraseschosenfromthebox.(P29)

1)roast2)cable3)atonetime

4)getalong5)missedouton6)commute

7)takenover8)makesense9)gowith

10)dizzy11)gasped12)networks

Unit2Civil-RightsHeroes

TEXTA

TEXTORGANIZATION

1.

PartOneParas1-5Itishightimetohonortheheroeswhohelpedliberateslavesbyforgingthe

UndergroundRailroadintheearlycivil-rightsstrugglesinAmerica.

PartTwoParas6-23Bycitingexamplestheauthorpraisestheexploitsofcivil-rightsheroeswhohelped

slavestraveltheUndergroundRailroadtofreedom.

2.

Story1(Paras6-10):Afterwinninghisownfreedomfromslavery,JohnParkerhelpedother

slavestoescapenorthtoCanadatogetfreedom.

Story2(Paras11-15):Supportedbyastrongreligiousconviction,thewhitemanLeviCoffinhelpedblack

slavestoescapeathugerisktohimself.

Story3(Paras16-23):BytravelingtheUndergroundRailroad,JosiahHensonreachedhisdestinationand

becamefreeatlast.

VOCABULARY

L

1.

1)decades2)historic

3)imposed4)religious

5)slender6)web

7)bade8)site

9)ontheside10)authorized

11)terminal12)makethebestof

2.

1)wentthrough2)stoodupfor

3)laiddown4)takeon

5)let(us)down6)drawon

7)fallinto8)passfor

3.

1)TheEuropeansarefullyconfidentthattheAmericanswillnotbeabletojustifytheirmeasurestoprotect

thestrugglingAmericansteelindustry.

2)Clintonis,intheeyesofJoeKlein,staffwriteroftheNewYorkerandauthorofTheNatural,themost

talentedpoliticianofhisgenerationandthemostcompelling.

3)There5snotmuchyoucandoifpeoplearereallyintentondestroyingthemselveswithdrug.

4)Adifferentexperienceoftheworldcouldforgeacompletelydifferentapproachtolife.

5)Itisourconvictionthatcloningofhumanbeingsisboundtocausemanyethicalandsocialproblemsin

thelongrun.

4.

1).Asfor,donotcompel,captureof,haveforged

2)Athugerisk,themission,shelter

3)whoabolished,Intheeyesof,racial

ILWordswithMultipleMeaning

riltellyouinaminutehowIhaveattainedthegenuinesenseofbelonginginAmerica,butfirstletmehear

aboutyourFrenchtrip.

MostMcDonald'slookalmostthesameontheoutside,butactuallythereareabout16differentbasic

designs.

Loaningmoneyfromthebanksisbutoneofthemethodswecanusetogetthroughafinancialcrisis.

Thissecond-handcarhasbeennothingbuttrouble:it'salwaysbreakingdown.

Inyourresumeyou'vementionedeverythingbutonevitalpoint.

Ourtechnicianshavediscoveredasimplebuteffectivesolutiontotheproblem.

Iamsorry,butIthinkyoushouldn'thavelingeredonovercoffeeandmissedthelastbus.

Thebankruptcyofthecompanywasnotcausedbyevil,butbysimpleignorance.

III.USAGE

1.lonely2.friendly

3.weekly,monthly4.lovely

5.cowardly6.kindly/saintly

7.lively8.motherly

COMPREHENSIVEEXERCISES

I.CLOZE

1.

1)forged2)standup

3)compelled4)convictions

5)mission6)abolish

7)intenton8)risk

9)Intheeyesof10)threats

2.

1)assistance2)involved

3)estimated4)coincidence

5)emerged6)referred

7)numerous8)stationed

9)concern10)capture

ILTRANSLATION

Thoughgreatlyaffectedbytheconsequencesoftheglobalfinancialcrisis,wearestillconfidentthatwecan

faceuptothechallengeandovercomethecrisis.

Underthreatofconstantsandstorms,wewerecompelledtoleaveourcherishedvillageandmovetothenew

settlement.

Accordingtoarecentonlinesurvey,alotofconsumerssaytheymaybemotivatedtoconsiderbuying

productsshowninTVcommercials.

Havingspottedatruckdriverdumpingcontaminatedwastealongsidetheriver,theoldmanreportedtothe

policeatonce.

Somescientistsholdtothefirmconvictionthatpeoplewillcometolikegeneticallymodifiedcropssomeday

sincetheycanincreaseyieldsandhelpcombathungeranddiseaseinthedevelopingworld.

2.

Shortlyafterheachievedfreedomhebecameamemberofanorganizationthatassistedfugitiveslaves.He

secretlyreturnedtotheUnitedStatesfromCanadaseveraltimestohelpotherstotraveltheUnderground

Railroadtofreedom.OncesomeslavecatchersclosedinontheescapingslavesandHensonwhentheywere

ontherun.Hedisguisedthemandsuccessfullyavoidedcapture.Inaddition,laterhebuiltasmallsettlement

inDresdeninCanadaforescapedslaves,settingupachapelandaschoolwheretheycouldlearnuseful

waysofmakingaliving.Heheldtotheconvictionthatslaverywouldbeabolished,alltheslaveswouldbe

liberated,andthedaywasboundtocomewhenracialdiscriminationnolongerexisted.

TEXTB

COMPREHENSIONCHECK

1.bcdbba

TRANSLATION

這一和平的不服從行為在蒙哥馬利引發(fā)了抗議,最終使少數(shù)民族權(quán)利在法律上發(fā)生了變化,開創(chuàng)了

美國民權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)的新時(shí)代。

后來她解釋說,這兒似乎是她結(jié)束受人擺布,弄清如果有的話她究竟有何人權(quán)的地方。

但是,蒙哥馬利的黑人團(tuán)體認(rèn)為應(yīng)該團(tuán)結(jié)在她周圍組織抗議活動(dòng),她是適合擔(dān)此重任的公民,因?yàn)樗?/p>

是該市最優(yōu)秀的公民之一。

他說:“只有極少人能說自己的行動(dòng)和行為改變了國家的面貌。羅莎帕克斯就是那些人中的一個(gè)。''

LANGUAGEPRACTICE

1.defbgahc

2.

1)trial2)activist

3)equality4)arrested

5)transportation6)representatives

7)legal8)boycotts

9)fame10)representation

11)usheredin12)laininhonor/instate

Book3Unit3Security

TextA

ContentQuestions

No.

No.

Ithasbeenreplacedbyanerawhenpeopleemployvarioussecuirtydevicesathome.

Smallnoticesannouncingthatthepremisesareundersurveillancebythissecurityforceorthatguard

company.

Theinsurancecompanytriestoimpressthepublicthatitwillensureyoursafetybypayingforyourlosses.

Anatmosphereoffearanddistrust.

Becausetheyfeelthreatenedandwanttokeepoutsidesaway.

No.Theyarebynowthemostsophisticatedofsecuritysites.

Itisawaytoholdtheterrorists,realandimagined,atbay.

Totellwhethertheirfriendorclientistellinglies.

Allisdoneinthenameof“security”.Butaccordingtotheauthor,America,withallthis“security”,is

perhapsthemostinsecurenationinthehistoryofcivilization.

Wemayhavelockedtheevilsout,butinsodoingwehavelockedourselvesin.

TextOrganization

1.

PartsParagraphsMainIdeas

PartOneParas1-3InAmerica,theeraofleavingthefront

dooronthelatchhasdrawntoaclose.

PartTwoParas4-15Anewatmosphereoffearanddistrust

hascreptintoeveryaspectofdailylife.

Asaresult,securitydevices,invaried

forms,areputtouse.

PartThreeParas16-19Bylockingourfearsout,webecome

prisonersofourownmaking.

2.

1)Doorsarenotleftunlockedeitherincitiesorinraralareas.

2)Dead-boltlocks,securitychains,electronicalarmsystemsandtripwiresarewidelyinuse.

3)Suburbanfamilieshavesteelbarsbuiltinslidingglassdoors.

4)Smallnoticeswarningagainstburglaryarecommonlyseenpastedonthewindowsofthemostpleasant

ofhomes.

5)Accesscardsarerequiredofthosewhoworkwithmediumtolarge-sizecompanies.

6)AirportsecurityuseselectronicX-rayequipmenttoguardagainstterrorism.

7)Businessmenemploynewmachineslinkeduptotheirtelephonetohelpdeterminewhetherthecalleris

tellingliesornot.

Suburbanhousewiveswearrapewhistlesontheirkeychains.

LanguageSenseEnhancement

I.1)electronic2)hookedupto

3)suburban4)builtin

5)uncommon6)announcing

7)survaillance8)symbol

9)featured10)attachedto

LanguageFocus

Vocabulary

1.

I.1.1)threathens

3)civilize

5)wandered

7)withoutsomuchas

9)hookupto

11)chart

2.1)narrowed

down

3)cutoff

5)wear(theother)

down

7)putup

2)byasmallmargin

4)closedup

6)paste

8)sideways

10)universal

12)Bathedin

2)lookedbackon

4)fitinto

6)liesin

8)standfor

3.1)Acertaingenewhichislikelytomakepeoplevulnerabletoasthmahasbeenfoundby

researchersattheDepartmentofClinicalMedicineinOxford.

2)Awardrobewithmirroreddoorshadtobebuiltinsoastomaketheirsmallbedroomlooklarger.

3)TheNBCshow'sopeningshotsfeaturethespaceshuttleChallengerblowingupinJanuary

1986一killingallsevencrew.

4)Whentheteacherthreatenedtokeepthepupilsinafterschooltheywerequietedatonce.

5)Energydifficultiesareamajorbamertothecountry'seconomicgrowthduetothefactthatimportedoil

hasabsorbed40%ofitsforeignexchange/becauseimportedoilhasabsorbed40%ofitsforeignexchange.

4.1)JacoblookedbackonhissummerholidaysspentontheBigIslandofHawaiiwithits

beautifullandscapeandtranquilatmosphereasarareescapefromthemadnessofurbanlife.

2)Learningintheinformationeraisreallyconvenientandefficient.Withyourcomputerhookeduptothe

internet,youcaneasilyobtaintheelectronicresourcesrelevanttoyourresearch.

3)Detectives,whobelievemorethanonepersonisbehindtheconstantattacksinthesuburb,areusinga

sophisticatedcomputersystemtoanalyzespecificbehaviorandsituations.However,theyarealsoawarethat

theyshouldn'trelytoomuchoncomputerbecauseitmaymakeerrorsattimes..

II.Collocation

1.away2.inside/in

3.forward/through4.back

5.off6.home

7.back,down8.in,out

III.Usage

Internetisnotsuchanunusualwordasitusedtobe.

Mostmendonotlookunattractiveinthem.

Wealthyassheis,sheisnotunconcernedbyhersuddenunemployment.

Thisclaimisnotunrealisticinviewofasharpdecreaseinthecity'sviolentcrimes.

Hispoorhealthisnotunrelatedtohisunhealthywayoflife.

ComprehensiveExercises

I.Cloze

1.

1.Statistics2.rural

3.era4.stoodfor

5.onthelatch6.vulnerable

7.barriers8.electronic

9.reflection10.civilized

1.tougher2.liable

3.shift4.electric

5.cautious6.sophisticated

7.thieves8.break

9.chances10.signs

II.Translation

1.

1).TheInternetischangingthewaypeoplelive,nomatterwhethertheyareinurbanorruralareas.

2).Medium-sizedandsmallcompaniesaremorevulnerabletothethreatoftheglobaleconomiccrisis

thanlargeones.

3).Withregardtoourtermpapers,theprofessoraskedustoanalyzethechartofunemploymentfirst,

andthenprovidecriticalreflectionsonthenation'seconomicdevelopment.

4).Itneveroccurredtohimthattheirteamwouldwinthebasketballmatchbyalargemargin.

5).Lookingbackonmytwentyyears'teachinginhighschool,Iattributedmysuccesstopatience,talent,

andtheconstantpursuitofknowledge.

2.

Itisalmostimpossibletokeepadeterminedburglarout.Allyoucandoisdiscouragehimforafewminutes,

thusexposinghimtopolicepatrolsorthosewanderingaround.Commonsensetellsusthatlightingisa

barriertocriminalactivity.Alightshouldbefixedinthedoorwayandswitchedonatnight.Make

sure/assureyourselfthatyoudon'tleavethedooronthelatchifyouhappentobethelasttocomein.Ifyou

decidetobuyasophiticatedelectronicalarmsystem,besuretoaskforitssignsandputthemuponboth

windowsanddoors.Inadditionyoumayhaveithookeduptoapolicestation.

ChineseTranslationsofTextsA&B

第三單元

安全問題

課文A

許多年前,在美國,家家戶戶白天黑夜不鎖門是司空見慣的。在本文中,格林嘆惜人們不再相互

信任,不得不憑借精密的安全設(shè)備來保護(hù)自己和財(cái)產(chǎn)。

鎖之國

鮑勃?格林

小時(shí)候在家里,我們的前門總是夜不落鎖。我不知道這是當(dāng)?shù)氐囊环N說法還是大家都這么說的;“不

落鎖”的意思是掩上門,但不鎖住。我們誰都不帶鑰匙;晚上最后一個(gè)回家的人把門關(guān)上,這就行了。

那樣的日子已經(jīng)一去不復(fù)返了。在鄉(xiāng)下,在城里,?門不再關(guān)著不鎖上,哪怕是傍晚一段時(shí)間也不

例外。

在許多方面,郊區(qū)和農(nóng)村甚至比巡查嚴(yán)密的城市街道更易受到攻擊。統(tǒng)計(jì)顯示,那些據(jù)稱是安寧

的地區(qū)的犯罪率上升得比城鎮(zhèn)更為顯著。不管怎么說,前門虛掩不落鎖的時(shí)代是一去不復(fù)返了。

取而代之的是防盜鎖、防護(hù)鏈、電子報(bào)警系統(tǒng),以及連接警署或私人保安公司的報(bào)警裝置。郊區(qū)

的許多人家在露臺(tái)上安裝了玻璃滑門,內(nèi)側(cè)有裝得很講究的鋼條,這樣就沒人能把門撬開。

在最溫馨的居家,也常??吹玫酱吧腺N著小小的告示,稱本宅由某家安全保衛(wèi)機(jī)構(gòu)或某個(gè)保安公

司負(fù)責(zé)監(jiān)管。

鎖成了美國的新的象征。的確如此,一家大保險(xiǎn)公司最近的一則公益廣告沒有用圖表表明我們所

處的危險(xiǎn)有多大,而是用了一幅童車的圖片,車身上懸著如今隨處可見的掛鎖。

廣告指出,沒錯(cuò),確是保險(xiǎn)公司理賠失竊物品,但誰來賠償互不信任、擔(dān)心害怕這種新氛圍對(duì)我

們的生活方式所造成的影響呢?誰來對(duì)美國從自由之國到鎖之國這一蛻變作出精神賠償呢?

因?yàn)槟蔷褪乾F(xiàn)狀。我們已經(jīng)變得如此習(xí)慣于保護(hù)自己不受美國生活新氛圍的影響,如此習(xí)慣于設(shè)

置障礙,以致無暇考慮這一切意味著什么。

出于某種原因,當(dāng)我們覺得防范周密時(shí)才安心;我們沒有想到問問自己:為什么會(huì)出現(xiàn)這種情況?

為什么非得把自己與鄰居和同住一城的居民隔絕開來,這一切究竟是從什么時(shí)候開始主宰我們生活

的?

這一切確實(shí)主宰了我們的生活。如果你在一家大中型公司上班,你上下班很可能不好隨意進(jìn)出。

你可能隨身帶著某種出入卡,電子的或別的什么的,因?yàn)檫@卡能讓你進(jìn)出工作場所。也許前臺(tái)的保安

認(rèn)識(shí)你這張臉,平日一揮手讓你進(jìn)去,但事實(shí)明擺著,你所任職的公司深感面臨威脅,因此要借助這

些“鑰匙”不讓外人靠近。

這種現(xiàn)象并非向來有之。即使在十年前,大多數(shù)私營公司仍采取自由出入的做法。那時(shí)管理人員

根本沒想到過恰當(dāng)?shù)氖侄问遣恍湃嗡恕?/p>

且看各地機(jī)場。過去家長常常帶孩子去登機(jī)口看飛機(jī)起飛降落。這種事再也沒有了。機(jī)場不再是

一個(gè)有趣的學(xué)習(xí)場所;它們成了擁有最精密的安全檢查系統(tǒng)的場所。

憑借著電子透視裝置,我們似乎終于想出妙計(jì)讓恐怖分子無法近身,無論是真的恐怖分子還是憑

空臆想的。能解決這一問題真是如釋重負(fù),于是我們就不去多想這種狀況對(duì)我們的生活質(zhì)量意味著什

么。如今我們走過這些電子搜查器時(shí)已經(jīng)看都不看一眼了;這些裝置,還有它們所代表的一切已經(jīng)獲

勝。

我們的居住區(qū)處在強(qiáng)光源的照射之下;我們連哪怕像陰影這樣小小的享受也不想給自己。

越來越多的商人正購置連接在電話機(jī)上、能剖析來電者聲音的新機(jī)器。據(jù)說那種機(jī)器能讓商人知

道他的朋友或客戶是否在撒謊,其出錯(cuò)概率很小。

所有這一切都是以"安全的名義實(shí)施的:我們是這么跟自己說的。我們害怕,于是我們?cè)O(shè)法把害

怕鎖在外面,我們認(rèn)定,那就是安全的意義。

其實(shí)不然;我們雖然有了這一切安全措施,但我們或許是人類文明史上最不安全的國民。還有什

么更好的字眼能用來描述我們被迫選擇的生活方式呢?還有什么更為可悲地表明我們?cè)谶@個(gè)令人困惑

的新時(shí)代所感受到的惶恐之情呢?

我們不信任何人。郊區(qū)的家庭主婦在家庭旅行用車鑰匙鏈上掛著防強(qiáng)暴口哨,我們?cè)谧晕曳佬l(wèi)方

面變得如此聰明,最終全都聰明反被聰明誤。我們或許是把邪惡鎖在了門外;但在這么做的同時(shí)我們

把自己鎖在里邊了。

那也許是我們將來回顧這一時(shí)代時(shí)記得最牢的精神遺產(chǎn):在對(duì)付我們中間無形的恐懼之時(shí),我們

成了自己的囚徒。在我們這個(gè)問題重重的時(shí)代,所有的人都是囚徒。

第三單元

安全問題

課文B

在美國,許多人擁有手槍。有人為了自衛(wèi)買槍.,如蓋爾?巴卡爾特。另外一些人則拒絕這么做,比

如她的許多朋友,因?yàn)樗麄冋J(rèn)為,槍支引發(fā)的問題比解決的更多。以前蓋爾與她的朋友們持有相同的

觀點(diǎn),但后來她改變了看法。讀一讀她所要說的,并判定她的選擇是否明智。

我為什么買槍

蓋爾?巴卡爾特

我在曼哈頓一個(gè)相當(dāng)不錯(cuò)的社區(qū)長大。我的中上層階級(jí)的社會(huì)背景從來與槍支無涉。我的父母要

是覺得有威脅存在,他們就在門上再加把鎖。

讀高中時(shí),我用一件開司米羊毛衫跟人換了個(gè)黑色的臂章。我參加人權(quán)游行,逃避民防演習(xí),抗

議越南戰(zhàn)爭。做個(gè)妙齡十八的少女,當(dāng)名反戰(zhàn)分子,真是輕松愉快。那時(shí)我還沒有一個(gè)11歲的孩子

要撫養(yǎng)。

(1)時(shí)至今日,我成了一個(gè)典型的被槍支制造商看中并視為其潛在買主的那位女人——成了成千上

萬個(gè)采取這種行動(dòng)的人中一員。

一個(gè)萬圣節(jié)的晚上,在我婚后移居的鳳凰城,我開始懷疑自己的和平主義信條。一輛車與我的車差

點(diǎn)迎頭相撞時(shí),我?guī)缀醵嫉郊伊恕N乙约~約城出租車司機(jī)的敏捷快速搖下車窗,高聲咒罵那個(gè)開車的。

他當(dāng)即掉轉(zhuǎn)車頭,幾乎撞上我的車后保險(xiǎn)杠。這時(shí),他和兩個(gè)同伴從車窗伸出頭來,嚷嚷著要強(qiáng)奸我,

砍我,殺了我。

我開進(jìn)了車道才想起丈夫不在家。這下我進(jìn)退兩難。那輛車尾隨著跟了進(jìn)來。我把車開到后門廊

停下,沖進(jìn)廚房,我家的那兩條狗站在那兒等我。那三條漢子從汽車?yán)镆粨矶?,進(jìn)了院子。

我的心怦怦直跳。我抓起杰克和斯露西的頸圈,一條是200磅重的愛爾蘭狼狗,另一條是它的伙

伴,140磅重的北極犬。隨后我一腳踢開后門——我嚇壞了,變得暴躁好斗——我真的問那三個(gè)混蛋

有沒有種繼續(xù)走過來。有狗相助,局勢變得對(duì)我有利了,那三條漢子奔回可保安全的汽車?yán)?,嚷嚷?/p>

說明天來崩了我??偹阈疫\(yùn),他們沒再露面。

幾年后,我離了婚,帶著3歲的兒子喬丹前往洛杉磯(那兩條狗也死了)。幾個(gè)星期后我送他去幼兒

園,老師發(fā)現(xiàn)我是個(gè)單身母親,馬上提醒我,我剛搬入的居住區(qū)里有個(gè)強(qiáng)奸犯。

我給警察局打了個(gè)電話,他們證實(shí)了這一情況。那個(gè)強(qiáng)奸犯沒有什么特別的作案規(guī)律。有時(shí)他在

受害者家里等候,有時(shí)他趁人入睡時(shí)潛入。當(dāng)時(shí)正是夏天,可夜間我還是謹(jǐn)慎地鎖住窗戶,然后躺在

床上,嚇得渾身是汗。謝天謝地,那個(gè)強(qiáng)奸犯被逮住了,可那是在他又強(qiáng)暴了兩名女子之后。

不久,報(bào)紙上又報(bào)道起一個(gè)喪心病狂的恐怖人物的事來。此人名叫理查德?巴米里,人稱“入室殺手”,

被抓獲前,一連幾個(gè)月殘害、殺死他人。(2)據(jù)稱他的犯罪行為非常殘忍,他加害于人的欲望非常強(qiáng)

烈,這使我開始對(duì)自己在任何情況下不殺人的信念產(chǎn)生了懷疑。取人性命的念頭令我憎恨,但想及成

為他人受害者就更可怕了。我開始問自己,你怎么跟一個(gè)殺人犯或強(qiáng)奸犯談?wù)摵推街髁x呢?

最后,我決定要自我防衛(wèi),哪怕這意味著殺死他人。(3)我意識(shí)到,自己曾經(jīng)積極提倡的一廂情愿

的和平主義會(huì)加害自身,更糟的是,會(huì)危害我的兒子。于是我極不情愿地認(rèn)定:為了我們的生存,我

必須確保又一個(gè)最佳選擇方案。我的選擇是:依靠警察,或擁有一支槍。

我給不久前認(rèn)識(shí)的一個(gè)人打電話,我記得他有好幾支槍。他告訴我,他有一支史密斯―韋森0.38

口徑特種槍要出售,建議我買下,因?yàn)槟侵屝∏珊檬?,又有必要的威懾力?/p>

我買下了槍。在同一天,我弄到了6發(fā)包著塑料頭、一撞擊就崩碎的特別的子彈。這些子彈不是

打靶練習(xí)用的,是防身用的。

花了大約50美元,我還買了個(gè)金屬安全盒。如果知道正確的暗碼,它的按鈕式鎖一碰就開,大概

比伸手去床頭柜抽屜取它只慢一兩秒鐘。我知道兒子喬丹拿不到它,但我拿得到。

我把槍拿回家,喬丹興奮得不得了。他不停地拿起來看,我緊張地瞧著。但我相信,知識(shí)仍是我

們最有力的防范手段。由于我主張對(duì)孩子進(jìn)行性知識(shí)教育、艾滋病知識(shí)教育以及讓孩子學(xué)會(huì)開車,我

不能不贊成教兒子關(guān)于槍的知識(shí)。

隨后,我攜槍帶著兒子去射擊場。我給喬丹租了一支0.22口徑的手槍。(0.38口徑的手槍他擺

弄不了。)10分鐘后他放下了槍,我不禁松了口氣——他不喜歡握槍的感覺。

但他并不因此不來問我,如果我不在家時(shí)有人闖入+他能不能使用手槍。我大喝一聲“不行!”,喊聲

響得把我們兩人都嚇得跳了起來。我解釋說,要是真有人闖入,他人小,又靈活,完全可以跳窗逃命。

如今他對(duì)那支槍早沒了興趣。兩人在我的臥室一起看電視時(shí),我常常練習(xí)開啟安全盒,喬丹替我

計(jì)時(shí)。我已經(jīng)快到只需要3秒鐘了。我會(huì)問他,拿槍時(shí)第一件要做的事是什么,他像看傻瓜似的看著

我,說:“要看看子彈是不是沒上膛。不過我不會(huì)去碰它,也不會(huì)跟朋友們說的。'‘喬丹對(duì)槍已經(jīng)厭倦

了。

而我則盼著每個(gè)星期一——射擊場的“女士專場”一我可以免費(fèi)練習(xí)射擊。我在柜臺(tái)上買一盒子

彈、幾個(gè)靶子,戴上護(hù)眼罩和護(hù)耳罩,穿過雙層門,來到射擊區(qū)。

到了那兒,我把子彈裝上膛,看著槍管上的瞄準(zhǔn)器調(diào)整瞄準(zhǔn)方向。我對(duì)著25英尺開外的真人大小

的靶子的胸部連發(fā)6彈。隨著一發(fā)發(fā)子彈洞穿對(duì)面畫著的圖像,我意識(shí)到,自己正在習(xí)慣擁有槍支,

拿槍時(shí)不再害怕了。槍的重量握在手里已覺得挺舒服。我堅(jiān)守堅(jiān)持練習(xí)的諾言。太多的人由于不知如

何使用槍而死在自己的槍下。

我花了好多年才決定買槍,又花了好幾個(gè)星期才學(xué)會(huì)把子彈裝上膛。槍讓我惡夢不斷。

一天夜晚,我夢見自己醒來,發(fā)現(xiàn)有人闖進(jìn)屋子。我一把抓起槍,坐在床腳處等著。最后我看見

他拐過墻角朝我走來。他很高大,把過道都堵住了——根本不可能擊不中。我不想開槍,.但我知道

生死在此一搏。(4)我手指扣住扳機(jī),最后用力一扣,在親手結(jié)束了侵入者生命的同時(shí)也慶幸自己沒

有成為犧牲品。就在我決定開槍時(shí)我醒了。

我如釋重負(fù),不由得熱淚流淌,幸虧這只是個(gè)夢。

我從來沒有像在買槍一事上對(duì)某種行為的后果如此反復(fù)權(quán)衡——可是,我也從來沒做過后果如此

嚴(yán)重的事?!业拇蠖鄶?shù)朋友甚至不肯跟我談?wù)撨@事。他們認(rèn)為,暴力只能導(dǎo)致暴力。

他們或許是對(duì)的。

Unit4WasEinsteinaSpaceAlien?

TextA

ContentQuestions(P.99)

Heworkedasa''TechnicalExpert,ThirdClass”.Heneededthejobtosupporthisyoungfamily.

Hepublishedfiveofthemostimportantpapersinthehistoryofscience.Thisisbecausetheyprovedthat

atomsandmoleculesexisted,laidthefoundationforquantummechanics,describethetheoryofspecial

relativity,andadvancedthefamousequation:E=mc2

HedevelopedtheTheoryofUniversalGravitationthen.

Becausehisideaswerefaraheadofotherscientistsofhistime.

HemeantthatlikeotherscientistsEinsteinwasamanofhistime.Ifhehadn'tbeenborn,his1905papers

wouldeventuallyhavebeenwritteninsomeformbyothers.

Whatwasremarkableabout1905isthatyearasinglepersonauthoredfiveofthemostimprotantpapersin

science.Einsteinproposedin1905thatlightisparticulateandforthishewontheNobelPrizein1921.

BecauseifyoudidsoyouwouldfindyourselfdisagreeingwithphisicistJamesClerkMaxwell,anAuthority

Figurewhohadprovedthatlightwasanelectomagneticwave.

Hewasnotatallconcernedaboutauthority.Hehatedbeingtoldwhatwastrue.

Sciencewasdinner-tableconversationintheEinsteinhouseholdwhenhewasyoung.Hisinterestinscience

camenaturally.

Hecreditedhisdiscoveriestoimaginationandendlessquestioningmoresothatotthodoxintelligence.

Hestruggledtoproduceaunifiedfieldtheory,combinginggravitywithotherforcesofnature,buthefailed.

HefoundEinstein'sbrainlookedmuchlikeanyother.

TextOrganization(P.100)

1.(P.100)

PartsParagraphsMainIdeas

PartOneParas.1-3Ayounghusbandandfather,Albert

Einsteinhadtoworkhardto

supporthisfamily.

PartTwoParas.4-12Einsteinmadeastonishing

achievementsinphysicsandthus

revolutionizedthefield.

PartThreeParas.13-21Einstein'sdiscoverieswere

attributabletohisimagination,

questioning,disregardforauthority,

powersofconcentration,and

interestinscience.

PartFourParas.22-23Einsteinwasnotspacealien.

2.(P.100)

1).Hefeltallthepressureandresponsibilityofanyyounghusbandandfather.

2).Galison:IfEinsteinhadn'tbeenborn,his1905paperswouldhavebeenwritteninsomeformbyothers.

3).OtherphysicistslikeMaxPlanck,moreseniorandexperiencedthanEinstein,wereclosinginonthe

answer,buthegottherefirst.

4).Einsteinhimselfcreditedhisdiscoveriestoimaginationandquestioningmoresothanorthodox

intelligence.

5).Hefailedinproducingaunifiedfieldtheory.

6).Hisbrainlookedmuchlikeanyother.

LanguageSenseEnhancement(P.101)

I.1)concentration2)liedown

3)balance4)engrosshimselfin

5)stimulated6)moreso

7)curious8)assessment

9)credited10)intelligence

LanguageFocus(P.103)

Vocabulary

1.(P.104)

1)accordingly2)loose

3)concentration4)stimulating

5)fabric6)ifanything

7)reality8)intuition

9)trifle10)attheturnofthecentury

11)mess12)undermine

(P.105)

1)approveof2)slowdown

3)takein4)suckedinto

5)set...apart6)dozedoff

7)callforth8)stretchinto

9)keepupwith10)believe

3.(P.105—106)

1)ThebeautifulMalvernHillshaveprovidedinspirationformanyartistisandmusiciansoverthedecades.

2)Muchofhissuccessiscreditedtohispowerofimagination.

3)Theindustrialrevolutionwasfirmlybuiltonthefoundationsofanagriculturalrevolution.

4)Alexanderwasdeterminednottomakeanycomplaintsinthepresenceofthenurse.

5)September1939sawtheoutbreakoftheSecondWorldWar.

4.(P.106)

1)AtschoolEinsteinthoughtaboutquestionswhichhisteachersdidnotask.Theyconsideredhisconstant

doubtingandquestioningasacharacterflaw,somuchsothattheycametotheconclusionthathewouldget

nowhereinlife.

2)Forthethirdnightinarow,Iwasawakenedbytheshriekingofca

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