2021年高考英語一輪總復(fù)習(xí)必修5 Unit 1 Great scientists-B卷

必修5Unit1Greatscientists（B卷）滾動(dòng)提升檢測(cè)(全卷共四大題，滿分100分。請(qǐng)?jiān)?0分鐘內(nèi)完成)班級(jí)____________學(xué)號(hào)____________姓名____________得分____________一、閱讀理解閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。(共10小題；每小題2分，滿分20分)AQianXuesenisoneofthepioneersofChina’sspacescience.Asaworld-famousexpertonaerospacerocketsandaerodynamics,heobtainedgreatachievementsinareasofappliedmechanics,engineeringcyberneticsandsystemengineeringandmadedistinguishedcontributionstothefoundationanddevelopmentofChineseaerospaceundertaking.GraduatedfromShanghaiJiaotongUniversityin1934,QianXuesenwenttoAmericatostudyinMIT,oneyearlater.Afterreceivingmaster’sdegreeinMIT,hewenttostudyinCaliforniaInstituteofTechnologyandreceivedPhDdegreesinbothaerospaceandmathematics.In1955,QianXuesenreturnedtohismotherland.HisreturnbroughtChinathehopeofdevelopingspacescienceanditsownmissiles(導(dǎo)彈).In1956,heputforward“ProposalontheDevelopmentofChina’sAviation(航空)IndustryforNationalDefense”.WiththesupportfromthepremierZhouEnlaiandmarshal(元帥)NieRongzheng,QianXuesenbegantopreparefortheestablishmentofChina’sfirstmissileandrocketresearchanddevelopmentstructure,theFifthResearchInstituteofStateMinistryofDefense.Fromthenon,hehaslongbeeninchargeofthechieftechnologicalresearchanddevelopmentofChina’smissile,rocketandspacecraft.Chinasuccessfullyexplodeditsfirstatombombin1964.Later,Chinalauncheditsfirstman-madesatellite,totheearthorbitonApril24,1970,becomingthefifthcountrytoindependentlylaunchsatellitefollowingtheformerUnionofSovietSocialistRepublics,theUSA,FranceandJapan.Thesatellitefloatedaroundtheearth,blaringthesongDongFangHong,whichhasthesamenameasthesatellite.AsaforerunnerofChina’saerospacescienceandtechnology,heprovidedchancesforyoungscientists.WangYongzhi,formerchiefdesignerofChina’smanned-spaceproject,hasbenefitedalotfromQian.“Hesuggestedthatrocketofthesecondgenerationshouldbedevelopedbyoursecondgenerationscientists.Thisgaveuschancestobegeneraldesigners”.RecallingtheexperienceworkingwithQian,SunJiadong,generaldesignerofChina’slunarorbiterproject,isgrateful.“Heputgreatexpectationonusandtrustedusalot.Wheneverwemademistakes,heseldomblamedusbuthelpedfindoutthereasonsowecouldavoiditinthefuture.”HonoredasFatherofMissileandKingofRockets,Qianneverstoppedhisworkonscientificresearchafterretirement.Hesaidhehadnotimetoreviewthepast,butlookedforwardtothefuture.1.WhendidQianxuesenbegintostudyinMIT?A.In1955.B.In1935.C.In1936.D.In1934.2.Whatarethefivecountriesthatlaunchedman-madesatelliteindependentlybefore1970?A.TheformerUnionofSovietSocialistRepublics,theUK,France,ChinaandJapan.B.TheformerUnionofSovietSocialistRepublics,theUSA,Japan,CanadaandChina.C.America,France,Japan,ChinaandAustralia.D.TheformerUnionofSovietSocialistRepublics,America,France,JapanandChina.3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“forerunner”(Paragraph6)probablymean?A.Aleader.B.Apioneer.C.Acompetitor.D.Asuccessfulscientist.4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingaboutQianXuesenisNOTtrue?A.In1956,hemadegoodpreparationsfortheFifthResearchInstituteofStateMinistryofDefense.B.HemadeoutstandingcontributionstotheestablishmentanddevelopmentofChineseaerospaceundertaking.C.HereturnedtoChina,bringingChinathehopeofdevelopingspacescienceanditsownmissiles.D.HedevotedallhislifetoChina’sspacescience.5.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph6that_________.A.QianXuesenisveryconcernedaboutthedevelopmentofyoungscientists.B.ThehelpofQianXuesenisbeneficialtoyoungscientists.C.QianXuesengivesmanyopportunitiestogeneraldesigners.D.Whenthechiefdesignersdosth.wrong,QianXuesenhelpsthemfindoutthecause.[助讀詞匯]foundationn.建立distinguishedadj.卓越的establishmentn.建立launchvt.發(fā)射blarevt.高聲播放nationaldefense國防appliedmechanics應(yīng)用機(jī)械/力學(xué)engineeringcybernetic工程控制systemengineering系統(tǒng)工程aerospaceundertaking航天事業(yè)aerospacerocketsandaerodynamics航天火箭和航空動(dòng)力學(xué)BTherecentpublicationofautobiographiesbytwoofBritain’sgreatestscientists,biologistRichardDawkinsandphysicistStephenHawking,isawonderfulopportunitytocompareandcontrastthesetworemarkablemen.Surprisingly,theyhaverathermoreincommonthanwethink.Moststrikingisthesimilarityintheirbackgrounds.Theywerebornintheearly1940stomiddleclassfamiliesnotwealthybutcomfortablyoff,withastrongcommitmenttoacademicexcellenceandpublicservice.BothfamilieswerekeentosendtheirboystoOxfordUniversity—andbothsucceeded,DawkinsstudyingzoologyandHawkingphysics.Neithermanhasaverypositiveviewofhisearlyuniversitylife.HawkingdescribestheattitudeatOxfordinthe1950sand1960sasveryanti-work,“Youweresupposedtoeitherbebrilliantwithouteffortorfail.Hardworkwaslookeddownuponbystudentsandweallpretendedthatnothingwasworthmakinganeffortfor.”Heestimatesthathestudiedfornomorethananhouradayasanundergraduatestudent(本科生).UndergraduatelifewassomewhatmorerewardingforDawkins.LikeHawking,hewasn’tparticularlyhard-workingandneverattendedhislectures.ButhefoundOxford’ssystemofweeklyessay-basedlessonswithanacademictutoruseful,“Itwasreallyonlythetutorialsystemthateducatedme.”Forbothmen,scientificlifereallygotgoingaspostgraduatesafter1962,Dawkins,whoremainedatOxford,describesbrilliantlytheacademiccompetitionamongthepostgraduatestudents,whichhebelievedhelpedpushhimtodeveloptheideasthatformedthebasisofhismostfamousbook,TheSelfishGene.ThisvolumetransformedscientificthinkingaboutDarwinianevolution.Hawking,ontheotherhand,movedtoCambridgeUniversityaftergraduation,wherehisresearchintotheuniversewouldeventuallymakehimthemostfamousphysicistsinceAlbertEinstein,Hewritesmovinglyaboutthediseasewhichprogressivelycrippleshisentirebody.Leavinghimunabletomoveandonlyabletocommunicateusingacomputercontrolledbyhiseyes.Althoughcommunicationisslow—hecanwriteonly3wordsaminuteusingthemachine—hisillnesshasnotaffectedhismindorhisresearchonspace-timeandtheoriginsoftheuniverse.Eachbookisrecommendedindividuallyasapersonalintroductiontoanimportantscientificthinker.Readtogether,theyprovideasuperbbackgroundtotheacademicandsocialclimateofpostwarBritishresearch.1.WhichofthefollowingdescribesasimilarityinHawking’sandDawkins’backgrounds?A.Theywerebothfromwealthyfamilies.B.Theystudiedthesamesubjectinuniversity.C.Theygraduatedfromthesamesecondaryschool.D.Theybothcamefromfamiliesthatvaluedgoodeducation.2.WhydidHawkingstudyverylittleasanundergraduatestudent?A.Hepreferreddoinghisownresearchandexperiments.B.Studentsconsidereditinappropriatetostudytoomuch.C.Thematerialsdiscussedinlectureswereveryeasyforhim.D.Hewasmoreinterestedinmakingfriendswithhisclassmates.3.AccordingtoDawkins,whathelpedhimdevelophismostimportantideas?A.Hishardworkasanundergraduate.B.Thesupporthereceivedfromhisfamily.C.TheexcellenttutorsatOxfordUniversity.D.Thecompetitionfromotherpostgraduatestudents.4.Whatcanwereasonablyinferaboutthetwoscientistsfromthepassage?A.DawkinsworkedmuchharderthanHawkingasanundergraduate.B.Hawkingismorerespectedbythescientificcommunity.C.TheykneweachotherduringtheirstudiesatOxford.D.Hawkinghasexperiencedmorephysicaldifficulties.5.Whatisthefunctionofthelastparagraph?A.Tostatewhichbookthewriterprefers.B.Torecommendthereviewedbookstoreaders.C.Tosummarizetheachievementsofthetwoscientists.D.Tosuggesttheorderinwhichthebooksshouldberead[助讀詞匯]publicationn.出版；發(fā)行biologistn.生物學(xué)家similarityn.相似之處backgroundn.背景commitmentn.獻(xiàn)身zoologyn.動(dòng)物學(xué)attituden.態(tài)度individuallyadv.個(gè)人地postgraduaten.研究生academiccompetition學(xué)術(shù)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)theoriginsoftheuniverse宇宙的起源二、完形填空閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。(共20小題；每小題2分，滿分40分)Ourlifeisconstitutedofanumberofinventions,andtheseinventionsmakeourlife1andcolorful.Whenaskedaboutthegreatest2inthepastcentury,somepeoplemay3thatitisthe4;othersmaysayitisthemobilephone;stillothersmaysayitistheautomobile.Inmyopinion,however,itisthe5.Ofcourse,thecomputer,ortheelectricbrain,hasgreatly6ourmentalworkand7ustheburdenofcalculating,storingandsearching;theautomobile8ustimeandmakesourtravelmoreconvenientandthemobilephonehasgotpeople9.But,thesearejustthe10ofhumanbrain,legsandvoice.TheInternet,11,haschangedhumanlifeinamorefundamentalwaysinceits12.First,asanewborninformationdeliveringsystem,theInternethasmadevarioussortsofinformation13atourfinger’stip.Besides,Internetservesasthemostconvenient14forcommunication.ThroughInternet,peoplecandiscussvariousproblemsandmakefriends.Lastbutnotleast,theInternetisalsoafaithful15inourdailylife16peoplecangoshoppingandgetmedicalservicesonline.Anyway,the17ofInternetcannotbe18allhere.Canyou19whattheworldtodaywillprobablybelikeifthereisnoInternet?Toconclude,theInternetis20themostinterestingandimportantinventionmanhasevermade.1.A.convenientB.deadlyC.scientificD.revolutionary2.A.challenge B.invention C.contribution D.revolution3.A.announce B.expose C.suspect D.claim4.A.computerB.telephone C.bicycle D.airplane5.A.speed B.Internet C.typewriter D.transport6.A.benefitedB.infected C.released D.attended7.A.sparedB.defeated C.threw D.absorbed8.A.wastesB.savesC.extendsD.absorbs9.A.farther B.cleverer C.brighter D.closer10.A.characteristicB.comparison C.extensionD.cooperation11.A.thereforeB.evenC.howeverD.somewhat12.A.birth B.outbreak C.exposure D.discovery13.A.valuable B.creative C.availableD.readable14.A.movementB.access C.source D.means15.A.link B.service C.aid D.partner16.A.whereB.sinceC.whyD.when17.A.disadvantagesB.potentials C.characteristics D.advantages18.A.blamedB.detailed C.instructed D.analyzed19.A.rejectB.contributeC.linkD.imagine20.A.positively B.cautiously C.indeed D.generally[助讀詞匯]newbornadj.新生的burdenn.負(fù)擔(dān)beconstitutedof由……組成anumberof大量的electricbrain電腦mentalwork腦力勞動(dòng)finger’stip指尖toconclude總之lastbutnotleast最后但同樣重要的是inamorefundamentalway以一種更根本的方式三、語法填空閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。(共10小題；每小題2分，滿分20分)IwasalwaystoldthatthethreePs,patience,positivethinkingandperseverance,wereasurepath____1____success.Butthisadvicedoesnotalwaysworkasplanned.Myhighschoolmathsexamisoneexample.Theexam,____2____wasoriginallytobeheldinourclassroom,____3____(change)tothelibraryatthelastminute.This,____4____,didn’tbothermebecausemathshadalwaysbeenmystrongestsubject.Ipatientlywalkedtothelibrary,tookmyseatanddidsomedeepbreathingtohelprelax____5____(me).ButmymoodquicklychangedwhenIsaw____6____firstquestion.Ihadnoideahowtodoit.Itriedtostaypositiveandpersevered(鍥而不舍的)____7____Ifinallyfoundthesolution.Withtheproblem____8____(solve),Ifeltproudofmyachievement.____9____(fortunate),IthennoticedthatIhadjust10minutesleft____10____(complete)therest![助讀詞匯]originallyadv.原先；原來bothervt.困擾moodn.心情四、短文改錯(cuò)（共10小題；每小題2分，滿分20分）假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請(qǐng)你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯(cuò)誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)（∧），并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（\）劃掉。修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意：1.每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞；2.只允許修改10處，多者（從第11處起）不計(jì)分。Onedayaguidedogandablindmangotonthebustogether.Thebuswasfullpeopleandtherewerenospareseats.Oneman,however,soongotupandleft.Thedogtooktheblindmantotheseatandtherewasalittlespace.Thedogbegintopushthepeopleoneachsidewithhisnose.Hepushedandpushedwhenthepeoplemoveddownandfinallytherewereenoughspacefortwo.Theblindmanthensatdownandthedoggotontheseatbesidetheblindman.Helayandsoonfallenasleep.Everyoneonthebussmiledatthedog’scleverinmakingspacefortheblindmanandforherself.必修5Unit1Greatscientists（B卷）滾動(dòng)提升檢測(cè)參考答案一、閱讀理解(A)錢學(xué)森被稱為我國的導(dǎo)彈之父和火箭王。本文簡(jiǎn)述錢學(xué)森的生平，并結(jié)合生平串講錢學(xué)森為我國的導(dǎo)彈和航空事業(yè)等做出的不懈努力和卓越貢獻(xiàn)。此外，他的人格魅力受到全國人民的愛戴和尊重。1.D事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第二段GraduatedfromShanghaiJiaotongUniversityin1934,QianXuesenwenttotheUnitedStatestostudyinMIT(麻省理工學(xué)院)可知答案選D。2.D事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第五段…becomingthefifthcountrytoindependentlylaunchsatellitefollowingtheformerUnionofSovietSocialistRepublics,theUSA,FranceandJapan.不難得知答案選D。3.B猜測(cè)詞義題。由文章第一句話QianXuesenisoneofthepioneersofChina’sspacescience.的pioneers可知選B。pioneer=forerunner，都意為“先驅(qū)(者)”。4.A推理判斷題。B、C和D均可在原來中找到相應(yīng)信息點(diǎn)，而選項(xiàng)A與文章第四段的QianXuesenbegantopreparefortheestablishmentofChina’sfirstmissile…的信息不一致，此句話講述是在1956年錢學(xué)森才開始準(zhǔn)備(begantoprepare)，而不是A項(xiàng)的做好了準(zhǔn)備(madegoodpreparationsfor)。故選A。5.A推理判斷題。B、C和D均是第六段的細(xì)節(jié)，并不是由此段推斷出來的。而A卻是從此段內(nèi)容推理出來的。所謂的推理判斷題，不能是文章的信息重現(xiàn)，而是根據(jù)文章相應(yīng)的信息推斷出來的結(jié)論。正因?yàn)殄X學(xué)森關(guān)注年輕科學(xué)家的發(fā)展，才有了B、C、D這些細(xì)節(jié)。(B)本文介紹了英國當(dāng)代最有名的的兩位科學(xué)家，一位是物理學(xué)家霍金，另一位是生物學(xué)家道金斯。1.D推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的BothfamilieswerekeentosendtheirboystoOxfordUniversity可推出，他們兩個(gè)家庭都看重良好的教育。2.B推理判斷題。由第三段的Hardworkwaslookeddownuponbystudentsandweallpretendedthatnothingwasworthmakinganeffortfor可知。3.D事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第五段中的describesbrilliantlytheacademiccompetitionamongthepostgraduatestudents,whichhebelievedhelpedpushhimtodeveloptheideas可知。4.D推理判斷題。由倒數(shù)第三段的Hewritesmovinglyaboutthediseasewhichprogressivelycrippleshisentirebody可推出。5.B推理判斷題。作者在最后一段很顯然是在向讀者推薦兩位杰出科學(xué)家的自傳。二、完形填空本文作者主要告訴我們，在他看來，最偉大的發(fā)明是因特網(wǎng)，而不是電腦、電話或汽車。1.A根據(jù)空后的colorful和整句句意可知，各種各樣的發(fā)明理應(yīng)是讓我們的生活更加便利和多姿多彩。故答案選A合適。2.B從空后的mobilephone和automobile不難得知答案，或者從最后一段的themostinterestingandimportantinventionmanhasevermade.也可知答案選B。3.D從下文的othersmaysay以及stillothersmaysay可推知答案選D最合適。claim和say是近義詞，表“說，聲稱，斷言”之意。4.A由第三段可知，作者分別展開講述第二段所列舉的電腦、手機(jī)和汽車，故答案選A。屬于原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。5.B由文章第四、五段可知，或根據(jù)文章主要內(nèi)容也可知。6.A仔細(xì)斟酌四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，只有benefited(使受益；有益于)符合文章邏輯和文意。7.A句意：當(dāng)然，計(jì)算機(jī)，也稱為電腦，已經(jīng)大大使我們的腦力勞動(dòng)受益和減輕了計(jì)算、儲(chǔ)存和搜索的負(fù)擔(dān)。斟酌四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，存在“減輕，分讓，節(jié)約”之意的只有A項(xiàng)。8