湖北省荊門市2023-2024學(xué)年高一上學(xué)期1月期末英語試題（含答案解析）

荊門市2023—2024學(xué)年度上學(xué)期期末高一年級(jí)學(xué)業(yè)水平檢測英語本試卷共8頁，全卷滿分150分。考試用時(shí)120分鐘。?？荚図樌⒁馐马?xiàng)：1.答題前，先將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)、考場號(hào)、座位號(hào)填寫在答題卡上，并將準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)條形碼粘貼在答題卡上的指定位置。2.選擇題的作答：每小題選出答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。寫在試卷、草稿紙和答題卡上的非答題區(qū)域均無效。3.非選擇題的作答：用黑色簽字筆直接答在答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)的答題區(qū)域內(nèi)。寫在試卷、草稿紙和答題卡上的非答題區(qū)域均無效。4.考試結(jié)束后，請(qǐng)將本試卷和答題卡一并上交。第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.WhatdoesthewomanthinkofParkour?A.Exciting.B.Dangerous.C.Safe.2.Whatdoesthemantakepartin?A.Asportsclub.B.Someentertainmentevents.C.Astudentnewspaper.3.Whowillhaveabirthdaythisweekend?A.Jack.B.Jane.C.Ann.4.Whenwillthemoviestart?A.Intwentyminutes.B.Inhalfanhour.C.Infortyminutes.5.Wherearethetwospeakers?A.Intheirhome.B.Inashop.C.Ataparty.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.What’stheprobablerelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?A.Fatheranddaughter.B.Doctorandpatient.C.Teacherandstudent.7.Whatdoesthemanconsiderthemostimportant?A.Doato-dolistforeachday.B.Followtheplaneveryday.C.Checkoffallthetaskseveryday.聽第7段材料，回答第8至9題。8.Whatarethetwospeakerstalkingabout?A.Thewoman’sgrandson.B.Theirexperiencesinthepast.C.Theyoungpeoplenowadays.9.Whatdothetwospeakersthinkoftheyoungtoday?A.Theyworktoohard.B.Theywastetoomuchmoney.C.Theydon’trespectoldpeople.聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10.Whydoesthewomancalltheman?ATohelpchoosecourses.B.Toaskhimforsomeadvice.C.Tohelpthemanwithhisstudy.11.Whatisthewomannow?A.Ahighschoolstudent.B.Afreshmaninuniversity.C.Ajuniorinuniversity.12.Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomando?A.Learnmajorcourses.B.Lookforhelpfromteachers.C.Dothesamethingsashedid.聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13.Whatdoesthemanwanttodo?A.Bookatriptothezoo.B.Bookathree-daytrip.C.Bookatriptoseedolphins.14.Howlongisthetrip?A.Onedayandfourhours.B.Oneandahalfdays.C.Twodays.15.Howoftenarethetoursnow?A.Everyday.B.Onceaweek.C.Twiceaweek.16.Whattransportwillthemantakeinthetrip?A.Byminibus.B.Bybus.C.Bycoachandbyboat.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.What’stheweatherlikeinthemorningofMayandJuneinCostaRica?A.Cloudyandwarm.B.Dryandhot.C.Rainyandcold.18.WhatareadvantagesoftravellinginMayandJuneinCostaRica?A.Theweatherisbetter.B.Thepricesarelower.C.Therearemoreinterestingthings.19.WhendoesthedryseasonstartinCostaRica?A.InJanuary.B.InMay.C.InDecember.20.WhattimehastheperfectweatherinCostaRica?A.FromFebruarytoApril.B.FromMaytoJune.C.FromJulytoAugust.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AThe2024“ChineseBridge”ChineseProficiencyCompetitionforForeignersacrosstheGlobe—CalligraphyandPaintingChallengehasbeenofficiallyannounced(宣布),whichwillstartonApril1,2024.Thiscompetitioninvitespainting,calligraphy,andChineselanguageloversfromallaroundtheworldtotakepartinthisexcitingevent.Herewearecallingonthosewhohaveinteresttoturnintheircreativetopicsforthecompetition,withthetopicselectionprocessbeingdecidedbythepublic.Ifyou’reinterested,feelfreetoturninthetopicthatyoubelievefitstherequirementsofthecompetition.Herearewhatyoushouldfollow:WhocantakepartThecallforcreativetopicsfortheCalligraphyandPaintingChallengeisopentoanyChineselanguageloversworldwide,withnolimitationsonageornationality.WhentoturninIfyou’dliketotakepart,you’dbetterhandinbetweenJan.15,2024andMar.30,2024(BeijingTime).AnnouncementdateTheselectedtopicfortheCalligraphyandPaintingChallengewillbeannouncedonMar.31,2024,whichalsomarkstheofficialstartforhandingincalligraphyandpaintingworksundertheselectedtopicnextday.MethodstohandinParticipants(參與者)cansendtheirtopicsandrelatedinformationtoChinesebridge@.“ChineseBridge”alsoacceptsdirectmessagesonitsofficialaccountonFacebook,Instagram,WeChat,andWeibo.1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsiscorrect?A.Participantsmustbemorethan18yearsold.B.ThenationalityoftheparticipantsmustbeChinese.C.Participantscanturninthetopiconlineortotheoffice.DParticipantscanhandinwhatevertopicsuitableforthecompetition.2.Onwhichofthefollowingdatethetopicsaren’tallowedtoturnin?A.June20,2024. B.February12,2024.C.March25,2024. D.January28,2024.3.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A.Tosetupacompetitionorganization.B.Toannouncetheopeningofacompetition.C.Tocollectcreativetopicsforacompetition.D.Toprovidesomeinformationaboutacompetition.【答案】1.D2.A3.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了2024年“漢語橋”全球外國人漢語大會(huì)書畫挑戰(zhàn)賽的主題征集有關(guān)事宜?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Ifyou’reinterested,feelfreetoturninthetopicthatyoubelievefitstherequirementsofthecompetition.(如果您感興趣，請(qǐng)任意提交您認(rèn)為符合競賽要求的主題)”可知，參與者可以提交任何他們覺得合適的主題。故選D項(xiàng)。【2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)Ifyou’dliketotakepart,you’dbetterhandinbetweenJan.15,2024andMar.30,2024(BeijingTime).(如果你想?yún)⒓樱阕詈迷?024年1月15日至2024年3月30日(北京時(shí)間)之間提交)”可知，A項(xiàng)2024年6月20日不在時(shí)間范圍內(nèi)。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。通讀全文，根據(jù)第三段中“Herewearecallingonthosewhohaveinteresttoturnintheircreativetopicsforthecompetition,withthetopicselectionprocessbeingdecidedbythepublic.(在這里，我們呼吁那些有興趣的人提交他們的創(chuàng)意主題參加比賽，主題選擇過程由公眾決定)”可知，本文目的是為“漢語橋”書畫挑戰(zhàn)賽收集有創(chuàng)意的題目。故選C項(xiàng)。B“IwascaptivatedbyweightliftingduringtheLondon2012OlympicGames,”saysFionaClements,asoftwaredeveloperworkinginLondon.“Ithinkit’spartlybecausetheeffortissoobvious—youcanseeeveryflashofdoubt,painandhappinessofsuccessontheathletes’faces.”Clementswas48atthetime.Shethoughtshe’dleftitfartoolatetoevenconsidertryingit,butthenshekeptthinkingaboutit.“IttookuntilSeptember2022,butIfinallywentforit.”Clementssignedupforabeginner’sclasswithSallyMoss,astrengthcoachwhoisanexpertinOlympiclifting,andloveditfromherfirstclass.Now58,Clementscanlift50kgandpush21kgoverhead.Shesaysshehasneverfeltstronger.Resistancetraining,tousethetermforanytypeofexercisewhereyou’reworkingagainstweight,whetherit’susingdumbbells(啞鈴),exercisebandsorjustyourownbodyweight,isextremelybeneficial.“Ijustthoughtthatitwouldbeimpossibletomakeadifferencetomybodyasanolderwoman,”saysJoannaBlacker,asmallbusinessowner,whotookupstrengthtrainingat53.“I’dgainedweightandfeltawful.Icertainlydidn’tthinkthatweightliftingwouldbethewayIwouldchangemybody.”Blackercannowlift40kgfor10repetitionsandfeelsmorethanreadytodealwithtrainingalone.Clements,atthesametime,hasalreadysignedupwithherlocalgym,forthedaysshe’snottrainingwithMoss.“IcanfeelthesebandsofhardmusclewhenImovemyarmsandlegsthatI’mprettysureweren’ttherebefore,”shesays.“ButthebestpartisthatI’mactuallyabletounderstandthesportIlove.Itstillfeelslikemagicwhenthatbargoesoverhead.”4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“captivated”inParagraph1mean?A.Uninterested. B.Attracted. C.Upset. D.Satisfied.5.WhydidClementsfailtotryweightliftingin2012?A.Shewasfearfulofthepain. B.Shefoundithardtogetatopcoach.C.Shewasdoubtfulaboutitslastingeffects. D.Shethoughtshewastoooldtohaveago.6.WhatdidBlackerbenefitfromtakingupweightlifting?A.Sheincreasedherwillpower. B.Sheimprovedherbodyshape.C.Shefoundapart-timejobinthisfield. D.Shehadherbusydailylifechanged.7.WhatdoesClementssayaboutweightlifting?A.Shehasadeeperunderstandingofit. B.Shesuggestsstartingitatalocalgym.C.Sheenjoysmuscle-buildingmostofall. D.Shefindsitmoremagicthanhardwork.【答案】4.B5.D6.B7.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文為記敘文。本文介紹了兩個(gè)普通人對(duì)舉重項(xiàng)目的嘗試，以及舉重給他們帶來的影響和改變?！?題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)下文“Ithinkit’spartlybecausetheeffortissoobvious—youcanseeeveryflashofdoubt,painandhappinessofsuccessontheathletes’faces.”（我認(rèn)為這在一定程度上是因?yàn)榕κ秋@而易見的——你可以從運(yùn)動(dòng)員臉上看到懷疑、痛苦和幸福在運(yùn)動(dòng)員臉上的顯現(xiàn)）可知，作者被舉重吸引了。故劃線詞的意思是“吸引”。故選B。【5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Clementswas48atthetime.Shethoughtshe’dleftitfartoolatetoevenconsidertryingit,butthenshekeptthinkingaboutit.“IttookuntilSeptember2022,butIfinallywentforit.”…”（Clements當(dāng)時(shí)48歲。她認(rèn)為自己已經(jīng)太遲了，甚至沒有考慮嘗試，但后來她一直在想。她說，“直到2022年9月，但我最終還是選擇它”。）可知，Clements在2012年沒有嘗試舉重是因?yàn)樗J(rèn)為她年紀(jì)太大了，不能嘗試。故選D?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段““Ijustthoughtthatitwouldbeimpossibletomakeadifferencetomybodyasanolderwoman,”saysJoannaBlacker,asmallbusinessowner,whotookupstrengthtrainingat53.“I’dgainedweightandfeltawful.Icertainlydidn’tthinkthatweightliftingwouldbethewayIwouldchangemybody.””（“我只是覺得，作為一名年長的女性，想要去改變身材是不可能的?！毙∑髽I(yè)主Blacker在53歲時(shí)開始了力量訓(xùn)練?！拔以?jīng)很胖，感覺很糟糕。我沒想過舉重會(huì)是改變我身材的方式”）可知，布萊克通過舉重運(yùn)動(dòng)改善了自己的體型。故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“ButthebestpartisthatI’mactuallyabletounderstandthesportIlove.Itstillfeelslikemagicwhenthatbargoesoverhead.”（但最棒的是，我實(shí)際上能夠理解我熱愛的運(yùn)動(dòng)。當(dāng)杠鈴舉過頭頂時(shí)，這感覺仍然像魔術(shù)一樣）可知，Clements對(duì)舉重有更深的理解。故選A。CAteamofscientistsisstudyingthesoundoftheforestinEcuadortolearnhowartificialintelligence(AI)couldfollowanimallifeinrecoveringenvironments.Whenscientistswanttomeasurenewforestgrowth,theycanstudylargeareasoflandwithtoolslikesatellites.Butunderstandinghowfastandinwhatnumberwildlifeisreturningtoanareaismoredifficult.Sometimesitrequiresanexperttolistenthroughsoundrecordingsandpickoutanimalcalls.JorgMuller,anexpertonbirds,wonderediftherewasadifferentway.So,heturnedtobioacoustics(生物聲學(xué)),whichusessoundtolearnmoreaboutanimallifeandtheirlivingenvironments.MullerandhisteamrecordedwildlifesoundsinEcuador.Theyfirsthadexpertslistentotherecordingsandlistthesoundsofdifferentanimals.Then,theyexaminedthesoundqualitytomeasuretheenvironment.Finally,theyrantwoweeksofrecordingsthroughanAIcomputerprogramtrainedtounderstand75differentbirdcalls.Theprogramwasabletopickoutthecallsonwhichitwastrained.However,scientistswonderediftheprogramcouldcorrectlyidentifythenumberofdifferentkindsofplantsandanimalsineachenvironment.Toseeiftheprogramcoulddothat,theteamusedtwodifferentcontrols.Onewasfromtheexpertswholistenedtotherecordings,andthesecondwasbasedonexamplesfromeachenvironment,whichcanbeusedtounderstandbiodiversity(生物多樣性).Sincethenumberofsoundsthatarefoundtobeusedtotrainislimited,theAIprogramcouldonlyidentifyone-fourthofthebirdcallsexpertscould.Butitwasstillabletocorrectlymeasurebiodiversitylevelsineachenvironment,thestudysaid.ItalsosaidtheresultsshowtheAIprogramisapowerfultooltomeasuretherecoveryofanimalsocietiesinsomeforests.Thestudyshowedthatbiodiversityfoundfromrecordingscanbemeasuredinacost-effectiveandcompletewayandmeasureenvironments.Therearestillareasforimprovement,includingthelackofanimalsoundsonwhichtotrainAImodels.Andthemethodcanonlycatchanimalsthatusesoundtocommunicate.8.Whatdoesthestudyfocuson?A.Studyingplantgrowth. B.Observingbirds’behavior.C.UnderstandingAI’seffectonwildlife. D.Measuringwildliferecovery.9.WhatmethoddidtheteamusetolearnwildlifesoundsinEduador?A.Bioacoustics. B.Satelliterecording.C.SoundrecordingbyAI. D.Directobservationbyexperts.10.WhatdidtheAIprogramprovetobeusefulfor?A.Identifyingplantspecies. B.Trackingweatherchange.C.Measuringbiodiversitylevels. D.Identifyingallthebirdcalls.11.Whatdidthestudysuggestforimprovements?A.Measuringmorebirdenvironments.B.Catchinganimalsthatusesoundtocommunicate.C.Trainingtheprogramonawidervarietyofsounds.D.Havingexpertsstudymoreandunderstandbirdcalls.【答案】8.D9.A10.C11.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了科學(xué)家研究厄瓜多爾森林的聲音以了解人工智能AI如何能夠跟蹤環(huán)境恢復(fù)中的動(dòng)物生活?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“AteamofscientistsisstudyingthesoundoftheforestinEcuadortolearnhowartificialintelligence(AI)couldfollowanimallifeinrecoveringenvironments.(一組科學(xué)家正在研究厄瓜多爾森林的聲音，以了解人工智能(AI)如何在恢復(fù)環(huán)境中跟蹤動(dòng)物生活)”可知，這項(xiàng)研究的重點(diǎn)是衡量野生動(dòng)物的恢復(fù)情況。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“So,heturnedtobioacoustics(生物聲學(xué)),whichusessoundtolearnmoreaboutanimallifeandtheirlivingenvironments.(因此，他轉(zhuǎn)向了生物聲學(xué)，利用聲音來了解更多關(guān)于動(dòng)物生活和它們生活環(huán)境的知識(shí))”可知，這個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)用生物聲學(xué)來了解厄瓜多爾野生動(dòng)物的聲音。故選A項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中“Butitwasstillabletocorrectlymeasurebiodiversitylevelsineachenvironment,thestudysaid.(但該研究稱，它仍然能夠正確地測量每種環(huán)境中的生物多樣性水平)”可知，人工智能程序被證明是用來測量生物多樣性水平的。故選C項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Therearestillareasforimprovement,includingthelackofanimalsoundsonwhichtotrainAImodels.Andthemethodcanonlycatchanimalsthatusesoundtocommunicate.(仍有需要改進(jìn)的地方，包括缺乏用于訓(xùn)練人工智能模型的動(dòng)物聲音。并且這種方法只能捕捉到使用聲音進(jìn)行交流的動(dòng)物)”可知，該研究建議訓(xùn)練這種程序?qū)W習(xí)更多種類的聲音。故選C項(xiàng)。DIsthereafriendofyourswhoalwayssingsoutoftune(曲調(diào))butneverrealizesit?Don’tbesohardonthem—theymayhaveamusia—theinabilitytotellthedifferenceintunes.Apartfromsingingoutoftune,peoplewithamusiamayalsofindithardtorecognizemusicthey’veheardbeforewithoutthehelpofsonglyrics.Besides,peoplewhosufferfromAmusiacanhavedifficultyinrecognizingmelodiesandatotalinabilitytotellbetweendifferentmusicalsounds,accordingtoLiveScience.However,peoplewithamusiacanrecognizecommonenvironmentalsoundsaswellasthehighandlowssoundsinhumanvoices,meaningthatthisinabilitycanbespeciallyrelatedtomusic.Inmanycases,peoplewhohaveamusiaarebornwithit,as46percentoftheseindividuals’familymemberswerefoundtohavesimilarconditions,accordingtoa2017study.Brainimagingshowsthattheirbrainsreceiveandrespondtomusicpitch(音高)information,butitisnotreachingconsciousawareness,meaningthatthemindcan’tunderstandtheinformation.ScientistsattheUniversityofOtagoinNewZealandalsothinkthatamusiaisrelatedtopeople’sspecialprocessingskills.Theyinvitedpeoplewithamusia,musiciansandstudentsfromnon-musicalbackgroundstoperformataskrelatedtospacialimagination.Theywereaskedtodecidewhetherpairsofimagesarethesameobjectmovingaroundormirrorimages.Theresultshowedthattheamusiagroupmademoremistakesthantheothertwogroups.Amusiamightberelatedtothewaybrainstoresinformationaboutthehighandlowsoundsinsongs,accordingtothestudy.Althoughthosewhoaren’tconfidentabouttheirsingingskillsoftensaythey’re“tune-deaf”,peoplewithamusiaonlymakeupabout1.5percentofthepopulation,asshowninthe2017study.“Likedyslexics(誦讀困難者)canlearnhowtoread,thosewithamusiashouldbeabletobettertheirabilitytorecognizetunesiftheystartearlyenough,”IsabellePeretz,aprofessorofpsychologyfromtheUniversityofMontrealinCanada,toldLiveScience.12.Accordingtothearticle,whatisthemaindifficultyfacedbypeoplewithamusia?A.Recognizingtunes. B.Identifyinghumanvoices.C.Understandingsonglyrics. D.Noticingcommonsoundsinnature.13.Whatdidthe2017studytellusaboutamusia?A.Amusiaiscommonamongchildren.B.Amusiaisaresultofbraindamage.C.Manyindividualswithamusiaarebornwithit.D.Thosewhoaretune-deafoftensufferfromamusia.14.WhatdidthestudybyscientistsattheUniversityofOtagoshow?A.Peoplewithamusiahavestrongspacialimaginationskills.B.Peoplewithamusiastruggletodecidetheshapeofimages.C.Amusiamaybeaffectedbyone’slevelofmusiceducation.D.Amusiamayberelatedtohowthebrainstoressoundinformation.15.Howcanpeoplewithamusiaimprovetheirmusicalability,accordingtoPeretz?A.Goformedicaltreatment. B.Singfrequentlywithfriends.C.Learnhowtoreadearlierinlife. D.Starttoexploreandlearnmusicearly.【答案】12.A13.C14.D15.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了患有失音癥的人的癥狀，病因及其應(yīng)對(duì)方式?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Don’tbesohardonthem—theymayhaveamusia—theinabilitytotellthedifferenceintunes.(不要對(duì)他們太苛刻——他們可能有失音癥——無法分辨不同的曲調(diào)。)”及第二段中“Apartfromsingingoutoftune,peoplewithamusiamayalsofindithardtorecognizemusicthey’veheardbeforewithoutthehelpofsonglyrics.(除了唱歌走調(diào)之外，失音癥患者可能還會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，如果沒有歌詞的幫助，他們很難識(shí)別以前聽過的音樂。)”等內(nèi)容可知，失音癥患者面臨的主要困難是識(shí)別曲調(diào)。故選A項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Inmanycases,peoplewhohaveamusiaarebornwithit,as46percentoftheseindividuals’familymemberswerefoundtohavesimilarconditions,accordingtoa2017study.(根據(jù)2017年的一項(xiàng)研究，在許多情況下，患有失音癥的人天生就患有這種疾病，因?yàn)檫@些人的家庭成員中有46%被發(fā)現(xiàn)患有類似的疾病。)”可知，2017年的研究告訴了我們?cè)S多患有失音癥的人是天生的。故選C項(xiàng)。【14題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“ScientistsattheUniversityofOtagoinNewZealandalsothinkthatamusiaisrelatedtopeople’sspecialprocessingskills.(新西蘭奧塔哥大學(xué)的科學(xué)家們也認(rèn)為，失音癥與人們的特殊處理能力有關(guān)。)”和第五段“Amusiamightberelatedtothewaybrainstoresinformationaboutthehighandlowsoundsinsongs,accordingtothestudy.(根據(jù)這項(xiàng)研究，失音癥可能與大腦儲(chǔ)存歌曲中高低音信息的方式有關(guān)。)”可知，奧塔哥大學(xué)的科學(xué)家們的研究表明失音癥可能與大腦儲(chǔ)存聲音信息的方式有關(guān)。故選D項(xiàng)。【15題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中IsabellePeretz所說“Likedyslexics(誦讀困難者)canlearnhowtoread,thosewithamusiashouldbeabletobettertheirabilitytorecognizestunesiftheystartearlyenough.(就像誦讀困難癥患者可以學(xué)習(xí)如何閱讀一樣，失音癥患者如果開始得足夠早，應(yīng)該能夠提高他們識(shí)別曲調(diào)的能力。)”可知，Peretz認(rèn)為，失音癥患者應(yīng)該盡早開始探索和學(xué)習(xí)音樂以提高他們的音樂能力。故選D項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Wheneverweareplanningtobuysomethingonline,mostofusprefertolookatthereviewsfirst.Weimaginethattheyhavebeenleftbyshopperslikeuswhowanttosharetheirknowledgewithothers,sothereviewswouldbeofgreatvaluetous.____16____Someofthemarewritingpositivereviewsinreturnforapaymentorgiftsfromthemaker.Howdoweknowthis?Acarefulstudyofthousandsofreviewsonapopularshoppingwebsiteshowedthatasurprisinglylargenumberofreviewersgaveeitherfour-orfive-starratingstotheproduct.Two-orthree-starratingsbothaccountedforlessthantenpercentofthetotal,whichlookedsuspicious(可疑的).____17____Noteverythingbeingsoldontheshoppingwebsitecouldbefirstclass!Weallknowthatsomefalseinformationisprovided.Someproductsthatyoubuyonshoppingwebsitecanbeterrible.Youwouldexpectthereforetoseeavarietyofscores.____18____Itseemsthatanyonewhowritesalargenumberofgoodreviewsisgivenaspecialtreatbytheshoppingwebsite.____19____Howshouldashopperreplytoallthese“wonderful”reviews?ThebestthingtodoistohaveaccesstoawebsiterunbysomeorganizationssuchasWhichintheUK.TheWhichproductevaluationisbasedonstricttestscarriedoutbyexpertsandthenonreviewsbytrustedshopperswhoareWhichmembers.Theyarenotallowedtotakefreegiftsfrommakers.____20____So,agoodandresponsibleorganizationseemstobethebestanswer.A.Sowhyaremostreviewspositive?B.Reviewsdifferfrompersontoperson.C.However,notallreviewersarelikethis.D.Sohowcanwetelltruereviewsfromfalseones?EThese“top”reviewersarethengivenfreeproducts.F.Shoppersneedprotectionfrommisleadingreviews.G.Ifthosereviewsweretrue,abroaderspreadofratingswouldbegiven.【答案】16.C17.G18.A19.E20.F【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇議論文。文章分析了購物者受購物網(wǎng)站評(píng)論誤導(dǎo)的問題。【16題詳解】上文“Weimaginethattheyhavebeenleftbyshopperslikeuswhowanttosharetheirknowledgewithothers,sothereviewswouldbeofgreatvaluetous.(我們認(rèn)為這些評(píng)論是由像我們一樣想要與他人分享自己的知識(shí)的購物者留下的，所以這些評(píng)論對(duì)我們來說非常有價(jià)值)”和下文“Someofthemarewritingpositivereviewsinreturnforapaymentorgiftsfromthemaker.(他們中的一些人寫積極的評(píng)論，以換取制造商的付款或禮物)”之間存在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，購物者希望通過他人的評(píng)論選擇商品，但是有些人是為了得到好處寫的好評(píng)，選項(xiàng)C“然而，并不是所有的評(píng)論者都是這樣的”承上啟下，說明評(píng)論并不真實(shí)。故選C項(xiàng)。【17題詳解】上文“Acarefulstudyofthousandsofreviewsonapopularshoppingwebsiteshowedthatasurprisinglylargenumberofreviewersgaveeitherfour-orfive-starratingstotheproduct.Two-orthree-starratingsbothaccountedforlessthantenpercentofthetotal,whichlookedsuspicious(可疑的).(一項(xiàng)對(duì)某知名購物網(wǎng)站上數(shù)千條評(píng)論的仔細(xì)研究表明，相當(dāng)多的評(píng)論者給了該產(chǎn)品4或5星的評(píng)價(jià)。2星和3星的評(píng)分都不到10%，這讓人覺得很可疑)”說明評(píng)論太好了，令人懷疑，選項(xiàng)G“如果這些評(píng)論是真實(shí)的，那么將會(huì)給出更廣泛的評(píng)級(jí)”承接上文，說明，如果這些評(píng)論是真的，那就不應(yīng)該集中在好評(píng)上。故選G項(xiàng)。【18題詳解】上文“Youwouldexpectthereforetoseeavarietyofscores.(因此，你會(huì)期望看到各種各樣的分?jǐn)?shù))”說明購物者希望看到已經(jīng)購買的人的評(píng)價(jià)，下文“Itseemsthatanyonewhowritesalargenumberofgoodreviewsisgivenaspecialtreatbytheshoppingwebsite.(似乎任何寫了大量好評(píng)的人都會(huì)得到購物網(wǎng)站的特殊待遇)”說明了寫正面評(píng)論的人都會(huì)得到購物網(wǎng)站給的好處，選項(xiàng)A“那么，為什么大多數(shù)評(píng)論都是正面的呢？”承上啟下，提出為什么大多數(shù)評(píng)論都是正面的問題。故選A項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】上文“Itseemsthatanyonewhowritesalargenumberofgoodreviewsisgivenaspecialtreatbytheshoppingwebsite.(似乎任何寫了大量好評(píng)的人都會(huì)得到購物網(wǎng)站的特殊待遇)”說明了寫正面評(píng)論的人都會(huì)得到購物網(wǎng)站的特殊待遇，選項(xiàng)E“這些‘頂級(jí)’評(píng)論者會(huì)得到免費(fèi)的產(chǎn)品”承接上文，具體說明他們得到什么樣的好處。故選E項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】下文“So,agoodandresponsibleorganizationseemstobethebestanswer.(所以，一個(gè)好的負(fù)責(zé)任的組織似乎是最好的答案)”說明要解決購物者受評(píng)論誤導(dǎo)這個(gè)問題，保護(hù)購物者利益，應(yīng)該有一個(gè)好的負(fù)責(zé)任的組織，選項(xiàng)F“購物者需要保護(hù)，以免受到誤導(dǎo)性評(píng)論的傷害”和下文存在因果關(guān)系。故選F項(xiàng)。第三部分語言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)完形填空(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。BillSamuelwashavingatoughFriday.The71-year-old,whowasstrugglingwithkidney(腎)failure,foundhimselfatamedicalcenter30milesfromhomeforthesecondtimein24hours.Samuelwasonthetransplant(移植)list,butno____21____hadbeenfoundyet.Withouta____22____busserviceforhistrip,Samueltookataxitoandfromhis____23____tomeethisdoctor.TaxidriverTimothyLettstookSamuelashis____24____eventhoughthetripwasoutofhisway,feelingSamuelmightneed____25____.Duringthe40-minutedrive,Samuelsharedhispositiveenergyandthestrugglesofhis____26____,sayinghewassearchingforakidneydonor.AstheynearedSamuel’shome,Letts____27____himbyexpressinginterestinbeingakidneydonor.Shockedbutexcited,Samuel____28____contactinformationwithLetts.Aftertheinitialexcitement,Samuelstartedfeelingabitless____29____.HewastouchedbyLett’s_____30_____,thoughhewonderedifithasjustbeena(n)_____31_____moment.ButLettswastruetohis_____32_____.HegotintouchwithSamueljustafewhourslater,andbythenextweek,Lettshad_____33_____thekidneytransplantprogram.Afteramonths-longscreeningprocess,theresultswerein:LettsandSamuelwerea_____34_____match.OnDec7,2021,theyhadtheiroperations.Itwasa_____35_____.LettsandSamuelstillkeepintouchtothisday.21.A.patients B.matches C.doctors D.families22.A.cheap B.effective C.convenient D.voluntary23.A.arrangement B.operation C.recovery D.hospital24.A.partner B.friend C.passenger D.neighbour25.A.attention B.guide C.delivery D.aid26.A.needs B.treatments C.adventures D.distance27.A.confused B.inspired C.annoyed D.surprised28.A.kept B.offered C.exchanged D.collected29.A.anxious B.optimistic C.frightened D.curious30.A.offer B.suggestion C.contribution D.request31.A.heartfelt B.awkward C.unforgettable D.emotional32.A.word B.name C.action D.saying33.A.organized B.conducted C.contacted D.accepted34.A.unique B.perfect C.strong D.weak35.A.success B.challenge C.failure D.test【答案】21.B22.C23.A24.C25.D26.B27.D28.C29.B30.A31.D32.A33.C34.B35.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了71的BillSumiel因?yàn)槟I衰竭需要腎移植，但是找不到合適的腎源。有一天BillSumiel打了一輛出租車回家，他在車上和出租車司機(jī)Letts閑聊時(shí)告訴了司機(jī)他的困境。出租車司機(jī)說他可以去做配型。在配型后，Letts的腎適合移植給Sumiel。事后，Sumiel對(duì)Letts表示了謝意?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：由于沒有便利的公共汽車服務(wù)，塞繆爾乘出租車往返于與醫(yī)生安排的見面。A.patients病人；B.matches相配的人或物；C.doctors醫(yī)生；D.families家庭。根據(jù)上文“Samuelwasonthetransplant(移植)list,but”以及下文萊茨和塞繆爾腎的完美匹配可知，此處是指還沒有找到匹配的器官。故選B項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：由于沒有便利的公共汽車服務(wù)，塞繆爾乘出租車往返于與醫(yī)生安排的見面。A.cheap便宜的；B.effective有效的；C.convenient方便的；D.voluntary自愿的。根據(jù)下文“Samueltookataxi”可知，沒有方便的公共汽車。故選C項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：由于沒有便利的公共汽車服務(wù)，塞繆爾乘出租車往返于與醫(yī)生安排的見面。A.arrangement安排；B.operation手術(shù)；C.recovery恢復(fù)；D.hospital醫(yī)院。根據(jù)下文“meethisdoctor.”可知，塞繆爾乘出租車往返于與醫(yī)生安排的見面。故選A項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：出租車司機(jī)蒂莫西·萊茨覺得塞繆爾可能需要幫助，盡管這趟旅行不在他的行程中，但他還是讓塞繆爾當(dāng)了乘客。A.partner搭檔；B.friend朋友；C.passenger乘客；D.neighbour鄰居。根據(jù)“ TaxidriverTimothyLetts”可知，塞繆爾是乘客。故選C項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：出租車司機(jī)蒂莫西·萊茨覺得塞繆爾可能需要幫助，盡管這趟旅行不在他的行程中，但他還是讓塞繆爾當(dāng)了乘客。A.attention注意力；B.guide導(dǎo)游；C.delivery遞送；D.aid幫助。根據(jù)上文“eventhoughthetripwasoutofhisway”可知，出租車司機(jī)蒂莫西·萊茨覺得塞繆爾可能需要幫助，所以讓塞繆爾搭乘。故選D項(xiàng)?！?6題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在40分鐘的車程中，塞繆爾分享了他的正能量和治療過程中的掙扎，他說他正在尋找腎臟捐贈(zèng)者。A.needs需要；B.treatments對(duì)待，治療；C.adventures冒險(xiǎn)；D.distance距離。根據(jù)上文“The71-year-old,whowasstrugglingwithkidney(腎)failure,foundhimselfatamedicalcenter”可知，塞繆爾分享了他的正能量和治療過程中的掙扎。故選B項(xiàng)。【27題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)他們接近塞繆爾的家時(shí)，萊茨表示有興趣成為一名腎臟捐贈(zèng)者，這讓塞繆爾感到驚訝。A.confused時(shí)困惑的；B.inspired鼓舞人心；C.annoyed使惱怒的；D.surprised使驚訝。根據(jù)下文“byexpressinginterestinbeingakidneydonor.”以及“Shocked”可知，塞繆爾很驚訝。故選D項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：塞繆爾既震驚又興奮，他和萊茨交換了聯(lián)系方式。A.kept保持；B.offered提供；C.exchanged交換；D.collected收集。根據(jù)下文“gotintouchwith”可知，他和萊茨交換了聯(lián)系方式。故選C項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：在最初的興奮之后，塞繆爾開始感到不那么樂觀了。A.anxious焦慮的；B.optimistic樂觀的；C.frightened害怕的；D.curious好奇的。根據(jù)上文“Aftertheinitialexcitement”可知，在最初的興奮之后，塞繆爾開始感到不那么樂觀了。故選B項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他被萊茨的提議感動(dòng)了，盡管他想知道這是否只是一個(gè)激動(dòng)人心的時(shí)刻。A.offer提議；B.suggestion建議；C.contribution貢獻(xiàn)；D.request請(qǐng)求。根據(jù)上文“byexpressinginterestinbeingakidneydonor.”可知，這是萊茨的一個(gè)提議。故選A項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：他被萊茨的提議感動(dòng)了，盡管他想知道這是否只是一個(gè)激動(dòng)人心的時(shí)刻。A.heartfelt由衷的；B.awkward尷尬的；C.unforgettable難忘的；D.emotional激動(dòng)人心的。根據(jù)上文“excited”可知，他想知道這是否只是一個(gè)激動(dòng)人心的時(shí)刻。故選D項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：但是萊茨是信守諾言的。A.word單詞，諾言；B.name名字；C.action行動(dòng)；D.saying諺語。根據(jù)下文“HegotintouchwithSamueljustafewhourslater”可知，萊茨信守了諾言。故選A項(xiàng)。【33題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：幾個(gè)小時(shí)后，他聯(lián)系了塞繆爾，到下個(gè)星期，萊茨聯(lián)系了腎臟移植項(xiàng)目。A.organized組織；B.conducted實(shí)施；C.contacted聯(lián)系；D.accepted接受。根據(jù)上文“gotintouchwith”可知，下個(gè)星期，萊茨聯(lián)系了腎臟移植項(xiàng)目。故選C項(xiàng)。【34題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：經(jīng)過幾個(gè)月的篩選，結(jié)果出來了：萊茨和塞繆爾是完美匹配。A.unique獨(dú)一無二的；B.perfect完美的；C.strong強(qiáng)壯的；D.weak弱的。根據(jù)下文“OnDec7,2021,theyhadtheiroperations”可知，他們完美匹配。故選B項(xiàng)。【35題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這是一次成功的事情。A.success成功的事；B.challenge挑戰(zhàn)；C.failure失敗的人或事；D.test測試。根據(jù)上文“LettsandSamuelwerea____14____match.”和下文“ LettsandSamuelstillkeepintouchtothisday.”可知，移植手術(shù)成功了，即這是一次成功的事情。故選A項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Haveyouevereatena“painting”?Hereitis,the____36____(tradition)Chinesefolkart—sugarpainting.Spoonaspen,liquidsugarasink,everythingintheworldcanbedrawnquickly.Asissaid,ChenZi’ang,agreatpoetintheseventhcentury(TangDynasty),likedtoeatbrownsugar.Butheateitin____37____uniqueway.Hemelted