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Unit5HUMANSANDNATURELesson3RACETOTHEPOLEEightBelow《南極大冒險》Neverunderestimateanylivingspiritswilltosurviveespeciallywhenthey'resurroundedbyfamily..Languagepoints
1.base[be?s]n.基地,底部vt.以…為基地;以…為基礎a).basicadj.基礎的,基本的basicallyadv.基本上basisn.基礎,要素b).atthebaseof在…底部bebasedin…總部位于base…on.upon…以…為基礎onthebasisofsth在某事的基礎上;根據(jù)某事Unit52.preparationn.預備,準備a).preparev.準備,籌備preparedadj.事先準備好的b).inpreparationfor為準備…makepreparationsfor為…做準備preparetodosth準備做某事prepareforsth為某事做準備1)他的理論是以科學實驗為基礎的。2)這部電影是以一個真實的故事為基礎的。Hebasedhis
theory
on/uponscientificexperiments.Thismovieisbasedon/uponatruestory.Languagepoints
Unit53.breakdown停止運轉,出故障,分解,(計劃)失敗,(身體)垮掉a).breakout(戰(zhàn)爭、火災等)爆發(fā)breakup打碎,分裂,解體breakoff突然中斷
breakthrough
突破
breakin闖入preparing1)_________________(preparation)
for
theopeningceremonyarewellunderway.開幕式的準備工作正在順利進行中。2)Herparentswerebusy______________(prepare)togoonholiday.她的父母正忙于準備去度假。Preparations(1)Wearesorrytoarrivelate,butthecarbrokedown.(2)Aftermanyyears,rocksbreakdownintodirt.(3)Theplanwasgood,butitbrokedown,becausetheywereunwillingtocarryitout.(4)Ifyourmothercontinuestoworklikethis,shewillbreakdownsoon.Languagepoints
4.ambitionn.抱負,野心,理想a).ambitiousadj.有野心的
b).anambitiontodosth做某事的雄心/渴望做某事sb’sambitionsofdoingsth某人做某事的理想achieve/fulfil/realiseanambition實現(xiàn)理想befullofambition滿腹雄心beambitiousfor…對…有雄心Unit5
5.provevt.證明;證實likingv.最終顯示為;被發(fā)現(xiàn)是a).provesthtosb向某人證明某事provesb/sth(tobe)+adj./n.證明某人/某物(是)…prove(that)/wh-從句
證明…provesbwrong/innocent證明某人是錯誤的/無罪的b).provetobe…證明是…(prove為系動詞時,不能用被動形式)她一直未能實現(xiàn)當名作家的夙愿。Languagepoints
Unit56.distantadj.遙遠的;久遠的;遠親的a).distancen.距離,間距;遠方distantlyadv.遠地b).bedistantfrom與…距離遙遠atadistanceof在距離…處inthedistance在遠處keepone’sdistance保持距離1)Thedifficultywashowhecouldprovehisideas_______otherscientists.困難在于他如何向其他科學家證明自己的觀點。2)Theboytriedtoprovehimself____________(be)agoodstudentandhereallyprovedbest.這個男孩努力證明自己是一個好學生,他確實被證明是最棒的。3)Astimewenton,Einstein’stheory__________________correct.to
tobe
provedtobe
Languagepoints
7.difficultyn.困難;費勁;難題;難事a).with/withoutdifficlty費力地,毫不費力地havedifficultiesindoingsth做某事有困難runintodifficulty/difficulties陷入困境/遇到難題b).同義表達:havetrouble/problems/ahardtime(in)doingsthUnit5Thepatientwasperceivedtohavedifficultyinbreathing.發(fā)現(xiàn)病人呼吸困難。Ifyourawarenessisassharpasitcouldbe,you'llhavenotroubleansweringthesequestions.意識足夠敏銳的話你就不會覺得這些問題很難回答。Mr.Popper’sPenguins《波普先生的企鵝》Pictureyourselfinaboatonariver,withtangerinetreesandmarmaladeskies.1.Becauseofthis,hemaderapidprogress.
因此,他進展很快。becauseof:asaresultof
因為,由于復合介詞,后可接名詞,v.-ing和代詞egWestayedathomebecauseoftherain.Theboydidn’tdohishomeworkbecauseofwatchingTV.because和becauseofbecause和becauseof都可以表示原因,你知道它們在用法上有什么區(qū)別嗎?because是連詞,引導原因狀語從句。because+句子可以直接回答以why開頭的特殊疑問句。becauseof是短語介詞,其后常接名詞、代詞或v.-ing形式?!菊Z境應用】根據(jù)句意選用because或becauseof填空。1)Katewaslateforwork____________shemissedtheearlybus.2)Ididn’tgotothezoo____________thehotweather.3)—Whydidn’tMikewritetoAlicelastmonth?—____________hewasverybusy.4)Tedcametothiscity____________you.becausebecauseofbecauseofBecauseThencamethefinalawardceremonyattheendoftheyear.
謂語動詞完全位于主語之前,為全部倒裝,此時要注意句中的謂語動詞單復數(shù)要與后面的主語保持一致。全部倒裝主要用于以下情況:全部倒裝Outrushedthestudents.學生沖出去了。全部倒裝Therestandsaweatherstationatthetopofthehill.山頂上有一個氣象站。ToreadandtalkaboutthedifficultiesthatexplorersfaceandthepreparationsforthemToreadfordeepunderstandingTosummariseinformationTolearntoreadfortheimpliedmeaningofsentencesn.
預備,準備Antarctica(南極)—thecoldestanddriestcontinentontheEarth,90%ofwhichismadeofice;it’sinhabitedbypenguinsHowmuchdoyouknowaboutAntarctica?IfyouaregivenachancetotraveltoAntarctica,willyoutakeit?Giveyourreasons.IfTomwanttoexploreAntarctica,canyougivehimsomeadviceonwhathecanpreparefortheexploration?n.
探險;探索mapfood
ski(滑雪板)sledge(雪橇)Ateamofdogstents(帳篷)warmclothes1.LookatthephotosofAntarctica.Whatdifficultiesdoyouthinkexplorersmayfacethere?Whatpreparationsdotheyneedtomake?n.
探險者;勘察者Whatarethetemperatureslike?Howwouldyoudresstodealwiththeweather?Howwouldyougetfood?Aretherecivilisationscloseby?TeamsScott’steamwhenthejourneybeganwhathappenedtothemReachedthepolefirstandthenreturnedsafely.Amundsen’steamOn1November,1911On8September,1911ArrivesattheSouthPolelaterthanAmundsen’steam,anddidnotreturn3.Readagain.Completetheinformationaboutthetwoexplorationteams.Thentalkaboutthejourneysbasedonyournotes.Scott’steamAmundsen’steamNationalityofthetwoteamsBeforethejourneyBritish.Norwegian.Theyorganisedfoodbases.Theyorganisedfoodbases.n.
基地,大本營Scott’steamAmundsen’steamJourneytothedestinationTwosledgesbrokedown,thehorseshaddifficultieswiththecold.Scottandhismenhadtopushthesledgesthemselves.Hehadteamsofdogspullingthesledgesandallhismenwereonskis.Becauseofthis,hemadrapidprogress.Scott’steamAmundsen’steamArrivalatthedestinationScottarrivedatthePolewithfourteammemberson17January,1912,andwasdisheartened.AmundsenreachedthePoleon14December,1911andputaNorwegianflagthere.Thenhepreparedforthereturnjourney.Scott’steamAmundsen’steamThereturnjourneyMenwereverytiredandwererunningoutoffood.Theweatherconditionswereterrible.Theybroughtrocksbackforscientificevaluation.Allmembersdied.Amundsenandhisteamarrivedsafelybacktotheirstartingbaseon25January,1912,tendaysaheadoftheirplannedschedule.4.SummarisethechangeoffeelingsonScott’steam’sreturnjourney.Givereasonsforthewordsorphrasesyouhavechosen.HowdidScott’steamfeelatthebeginningofthejourney?Howdidtheyfeelattheend?Whydoyouthinkthischanged?hopelessandhelpless(Themenweretiredandwererunningoutoffood.)determinedanddevoted(Theyfoundtimetolookforrocksandcarriedtwentykilosofrocksallthewaywiththem.)sadbutcourageous(EdgarEvanshadaterriblediseaseanddied.ThenexttogowasCaptainOates.Weallhopetomeettheendwithasimilarspirit.)5.ReadtheunderlinedsentencesfromScott’sdiaryandletter.Workouttheimpliedmeaningofthesesentencesfromthecontext.Writeyourinferencesbelow.SkillBuilderMakinginferencesSometimesthingsarenotstatedexplicitly(明確地)inthetext.Tounderstandwhatismeant,youneedtoreadbetweenthelines.Thisiscalled“makinginferences”.Readthesentence/paragraphcarefully.Readthelinesbeforeandafterit.Useyourlogicandknowledgetounderstandtheimplied(暗含的)meaningofthetext.line21Theylostthereasonforthejourney.line26Themenweregettingweaker.line33Heisgoingtowalkintothecoldanddieawayfromtheteam.line42Thejourneycostthementheirlives.6-1.WouldyousaythatScottandhisteamwerelosers?Whyorwhynot?EventhoughScottandhisteamlosttheracetothePole,theyshowedtruedeterminationandstrengthofcharacterwhichisseeninheroes.Scottandhisteamareinspirationalandnotlosers.Scott’steamhadalwayskepttheirgoalsinmind.Theycarriedtherockseveninextremelydifficultsituations.Thespiritandwhattheyhavedonehelpedfollowersdofurtherresearch.6-2.HowdoyouunderstandAmunden’ssayingaboutScott’sdeath“CaptainScottleftarecord,forhonesty,sincerity,forbravery,foreverythingthatmakesaman”?CaptainScottwroteadiarydetailinghisjourney,eachentrywastruthfulandhonest.Hewashonestaboutthefeelingsofhisteamandhisfears.CaptainScottandhisteambroughtbackrocksforresearch,theydidnotonlythinkaboutthemselvesbutalsoaboutthegreatergoodofhumankindandtheeffectoftheresearch.8.ReadthesentencesfromScott’sdiaryandletteragain.1Discusswhathewastryingtosayineachone.Lines20-21:FindingAmundsen’steamhadarrivedearly,Scott’steamfeltdefeatedanddespaired.Lines25-26:Eachonewantedtoencouragetheother,butnoonewasreallysureaboutwhat’sgoingtohappen.Theyweregettingweak.Lines33-36:Althoughtheywerefacingextremedifficulties,noonewantedtoshowtheweakness.Alltheteammemberswantedtoactlikeagentlemananddiebravely.Lines41-42:Scottfullyunderstoodthattheycouldnotpullthroughandtheycametotheirfinaltime.Hethoughttheexplorationwasworthwhile,butitjustcosttoomuch.Lines44-45:ThesewereScott’slastwords.2Highlightthepartsthatimpressyoumostandexplainwhy.9.Discussthefollowingquestions.Readthetextagainifnecessary.1Whydoyouthinkthewriterofthetextusedtheword“race”inthetitle?Theword“race”mayhavethefollowingmeaningsinthetext:It’saracebetweenScott’steamandAmundsen’steamtoseewhocangettothePolefirst.ForScott’steam,it’saracebetweensurvivalanddeath.ForScott’steam,it’salsoaracebetweentheterribleconditiontheteamfaceandtheirperseveranceandbravery.2WhywastheworldshockedbyScott’sdeath?PeoplewereshockedbyScott’sdeathpossiblybecause:Scottandhisteammembersdiedsobravely.Theydidn’tgiveawaythestoneseveninsuchbadconditions.Theygotwithinjust11milesofoneoftheirfoodbases.Theydiedinthewayofagentleman.breakdownbeginhisjourneyto...beonthewayto...theraceto...
inpreparationfor...bethefirsttoleavemakerapidprogresshaveseriousdifficultieswith...tendaysaheadoftheirplannedschedulerunoutoffoodhavegreatdifficultywalkinghaveaterriblediseasetheactofabravemanmakethemheroes-tionCanyouaddmorewords?-less-ful-ness-lyexpectationcarelessorganizationuselesspeacefulbeautiful
happinesskindnessquicklyhappily
很多單詞都是通過加前綴或后綴變成一個全新的單詞,這些前綴和后綴是有規(guī)律可循的,利用前綴和后綴來記單詞,記憶效率可以大幅提升。前綴改變單詞詞義,后綴決定單詞詞性。前綴后綴prefixsuffix否定、方向、程度體現(xiàn)單詞的詞性-ful形容詞-ment名詞-er名詞-ly形容詞、副詞-en動詞dis-in-否定re-相反;再次;向后ex-出,外;以前的pre-前post-后后綴意義例詞-tion表示“行為”,這個后綴的引申意有“行為的過程,結果,情況,性質,狀態(tài),動作”。attention
-less表示“無……的,不……的”homeless-ful表示“充滿......的”
shameful-ness表示性質、情況、狀態(tài)
darkness-ly副詞后綴,表示狀態(tài)、方式、程度、方向、次序、時間等probably
WordBuilderSuffixesprepare____________situate___________hope___________cheer___________explore___________anxious___________sad___________preparation-tion-less-ful-ness-lyAsuffixisaletteroragroupoflettersthatisaddedtotheendofawordtochangeitsmeaning.Suffixes-lessmeanswithout,e.g.fearless-fulmeansfullof,e.g.helpful-nessmeansastateorqualityandmakesanoun,e.g.kindness-lyformsadverbsfromadjectives,e.g.kindlyWordBuilderSuffixesprepare____________situate___________hope___________cheer___________explore___________anxious___________sad___________preparation-tion-less-ful-ness-lysituationhopeless
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