高中英語【人教版2019】U1-2重點(diǎn)詞匯復(fù)習(xí)（學(xué)生版）

高中英語【人教版2019】必修第三冊(cè)U12重點(diǎn)詞匯復(fù)習(xí)【問題查找】一、單詞拼寫。

1.Studentscanchoosefromawider______________(一系列)ofoptions.2.If______________(認(rèn)為)thatyouwouldn’te.3.Trytoh______________(收獲)thefruitbeforethefirstfrost.4.Theteacherwentroundtheclasstog______________(收集)thepapers.5.Thisisas______________(重大的)contributiontoknowledge.6.Thepictureist______________(典型)ofitskind.7.Chinaisabundantina______________(農(nóng)業(yè))produce.8.Theeventwaswidelycoveredbythemassm______________(媒體).9.Thereisnothingmorenaturalthanachild’sb______________(信念)inhisparents.10.Anyhelpordonationswillbeg______________(感激)received.11.The__________(大多數(shù))ofstudentsinmyclassarefromthecountryside.12.Manystudents__________(抱怨)aboutthehighfeesoftheuniversity.13.She__________（照顧）herhusbandcarefullyduringhisillness.14.ThestudentunionwillholdaspecialmeetinginJanuarytoelectsomeoneto_________(取代）thesecretary.15.HowIwishyouunderstoodthe__________(困境)betweenmyfeelingforhimandthepromiseforyou!二、用所給的詞適當(dāng)進(jìn)行填空。1.Thenationalparkhasalargecollectionofwildlife,_______(range)frombutterfliestoelephants.2.Anyhelpordonationswillbe_______(grateful)received.3.Hemade_______(occasion)visitstothecinema.4.Creatinganatmosphere_______employeesfeelpartofateamisabigchallenge.5.Thefactory_______(typical)produces500chairsaweek.6.There’snothinginschoolthatcanmakeyou___________(scare).Cheeryourselfup.7.Ihavemadean_____________(appoint)withaspecialist,andmymotherwilltakemetoseehim.8.I’dliketobeinformedoftheprocessofyourdealingwithmy_________(plain).9.The____________(major)ofthestudentsholdtheviewthatit’sconvenienttogotoschoolbyelectricbike.10.VinodKhoslasuggeststhatwegetridof80%ofdoctorsandreplacethem____________robots.三、根據(jù)漢語提示寫出適當(dāng)?shù)亩陶Z。1.Herchildren’sagesr______________threetoeighteen(3歲到18歲之間).2.Thecolouroftheclothwill______________(逐漸褪色)littlebylittle.3._____________________(盡管)hisanger，hisremarkswererestrained.4.Healways_____________________(利用)thegoodweathertogoforawalk.5.Whatdothesetwobikes_____________________(相同)?6.Myteacher’shelpcarriedme__________thoseharddaysinseniorhighschool.7.Ihavespent___________improvingmymaths.（大量的時(shí)間）8.__________itscause__________itscurewasunderstood.（既不...也不...）9.Iraisedobjectionatthemeeting,butnowI__________(寧愿）nothavedonethat.【要點(diǎn)精講】Unit1FestivalsandCelebrations1.rangen一系列；范圍；界限；vi包括；（在一定范圍內(nèi)）變化【教材原句】Theyhaveawiderangeoforigins,suchastheseasonsoftheyear,religions,famousfigures,andimportantevents.它們有著廣泛的起源，如一年中的季節(jié)、宗教、著名人物和重要事件。(1)awiderangeof一系列…；廣泛的；各種各樣的within/inrange在…范圍之內(nèi)beyond/outofrange在…范圍之外(2)rangefrom…to…包括從…到…之間=varyfrom…to…Thepriceofthehouseissohighthatitiswellbeyondourrange.這棟房子的價(jià)格太高了，遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超出了我們能承受的范圍。Astudyshowsthesafedrivingspeedrangesfrom60kmto80kmperhour.一項(xiàng)研究表明安全駕駛的速度為60到8千米/小時(shí)?！眷柟逃?xùn)練】(1)Thenationalparkhasalargecollectionofwildlife,_______(range)frombutterfliestoelephants.(2)Heisthemanagerofourpany,sohiringandfiringare_______therangeofhisresponsibility.(3)Wehave_______widerangeofchoicessuchastravellingandvisitingourrelativesorfriends.2.figuren.人物；數(shù)字；身材；畫像；人影v.認(rèn)為；認(rèn)定；估計(jì)；計(jì)算；理解【教材原句】Theyhavefiguredinthecostofourfoodforthetrip.他們已把我們旅游的食物費(fèi)用計(jì)算進(jìn)去了。(1)figuresthin將某事物包括在內(nèi)；計(jì)算在內(nèi)(2)figureout弄清楚；計(jì)算出【鞏固訓(xùn)練】寫出句中figure的詞性和含義①Sheisdietingtokeepherfigurealthoughsheisslim._____________②Canyoureadthisfigure?Isitathreeoraneight?_____________③Hewasoneofthegreatfiguresofhisage._____________④Ican’tfigureoutwhyshesaidso._____________3.gathervi.聚集；集合vt.聚集；搜集；收割【教材原句】Thisimportantagriculturalfestivaltakesplaceafterallthecropshavebeengatheredin.這一重大的農(nóng)業(yè)節(jié)日在莊稼全部收割后來臨。(1)gathertogether/up聚集；收攏(2)gatherround/around圍攏(3)gatherin收割；收獲【鞏固訓(xùn)練】(1)Allthechildrengathered_____________theoldmantolistentohisstories.(2)Peoplearegratefulbecausetheirfood___________(gather)forthewinterandtheagriculturalworkisover.(3)Thefarmersarebusy_____________(gather)thecropsinthefield.(4)Thepeople_____________,curioustoknowwhatwashappening.人們聚集在一起，好奇地想知道發(fā)生了什么事兒。4.gratefuladj.感激的；表示感謝的gratefullyadv.感激地【教材原句】Peoplecelebratetoshowthattheyaregratefulfortheyear’ssupplyoffood.人們通過慶祝來表達(dá)他們對(duì)一年糧食自給自足的感激之情(1)begrateful/thankfultosb.forsth.因某事而感激某人=thanksbforsth區(qū)別：appreciateone’sdoingsth/sth感激某人做了某事Iwouldbegratefulifyoucould/would...=Iwouldappreciateitifyoucould/would...如果你能……我將不勝感激。（用于提出請(qǐng)求）(2)gratituden.感激，感謝show/expressone’gratitudetosbforsth因某事向某人表達(dá)感謝【鞏固訓(xùn)練】(1)I’dbeverygrateful_______youcouldletmeknowassoonaspossible.(2)Anyhelpordonationswillbe_______(grateful)received.(3)Wearegratefultoyou_______yoursupport.(4)I_____________________(因……對(duì)你表示感激)yourhelpwhenI’mintrouble.5.occasionn.特別的事情（或儀式、慶典）；（適當(dāng)?shù)模C(jī)會(huì)；場(chǎng)合；時(shí)機(jī)【教材原句】Theyareoccasionsthatallowustorelaxandenjoylife，andforgetaboutourworkforalittlewhile.這些場(chǎng)合讓我們放松和享受生活，暫時(shí)忘記工作。(1)當(dāng)occasion表示“機(jī)會(huì)，時(shí)間”，作先行詞，且關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作狀語時(shí)，關(guān)系詞用when。(2)當(dāng)occasion表示“場(chǎng)合”，作先行詞，且關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作狀語時(shí)，關(guān)系詞用where。(3)如果occasion在定語從句中做主語和賓語，則用關(guān)系代詞that/which。(4)onoccasion有時(shí)；偶爾;occasionaladj.偶爾的，偶然的;occasionallyadv.有時(shí)，偶爾【鞏固訓(xùn)練】(1)_______thisoccasion,hegotachancetogobackstagetomeettheactors.(2)Occasionsarequiterare_______Ihavethetimetospendadaywithmykids.(3)Hemade_______(occasion)visitstothecinema.(4)Thisnotanoccasionforlaughter,_______youmusttakethingsseriously.(5)It’sonthefestivaloccasion_______thefamilygettogether.6.atmospheren.氣氛；氛圍；（地球的）大氣（層）【教材原句】Itwasgreatfunwalkingalongthestreets,enjoyingtherelaxingatmosphere!走在街上，享受著輕松的氣氛，真是太有趣了!(1)It’sfundoingsth做…很有趣(2)intheatmosphere在大氣中；inafriendlyatmosphere以一種友好的氣氛(3)atmosphere做先行詞，如果句子不缺成分，用where引導(dǎo)定語從句，缺成分還是用which/that【鞏固訓(xùn)練】(1)Shehasagiftforcreatinganatmosphereforherstudents_______allowsthemtomunicatefreelywitheachother.(2)Creatinganatmosphere_______employeesfeelpartofateamisabigchallenge.(3)Themeetingwasgoingon____________________________（在友好的氛圍中）7.decoratevt.裝飾；裝潢；授予……勛章/獎(jiǎng)?wù)隆窘滩脑洹縏oday,insomeEuropeancountries,peopledecoratechurchesandtownhallswithflowersandfruit,andgettogethertocelebrateoverameal.如今在一些歐洲國家，人們用鮮花和水果裝飾教堂和市政廳，聚在一起共享大餐。(1)decorationn.裝飾；裝潢；裝飾品(2)decorate...with以……裝飾……(3)decoratesbfor因?yàn)椤谀橙藙渍隆眷柟逃?xùn)練】(1)Theexhibitionhallisdecorated_______manypaintings.(2)Thegirlwasdecorated_______savingthechildfromdrowning.8.typicaladj.典型的；有代表性的；平常的【教材原句】OneexampleisthetypicalChineseSpringFestivalcustomoflightingfirecrackerstodriveawaytheevilspiritsandcelebratethenewyear.其中一個(gè)例子是具有代表性的燃放鞭炮以驅(qū)趕邪靈、慶祝新年的中國春節(jié)習(xí)俗。(1)betypicalofsb./sth.是某人/某物的特點(diǎn)(典型)(2)Itistypicalofsb.todosth.某人經(jīng)常做某事。(3)typicallyadv.典型地；代表性地【鞏固訓(xùn)練】(1)Thefactory_______(typical)produces500chairsaweek.(2)Theview_______(很有代表性)thepeopleofhisgeneration.(3)_____________________(她的一貫作風(fēng))togetstraighttothepoint.9.significantadj.有重大意義的；顯著的(1)Itissignificant/importantthatsb(should)dosth…..很重要。asignificantdifferencebetween...and...……和……有明顯差別besignificant/importantforsb/sth=beofsignificance/importancetosb/sth對(duì)…重要(2)significancen.重要性，意義attach(great/little)importance/significanceto(doing)sth認(rèn)為……（很/幾乎不）重要(3)significantlyadv.有重大意義，顯著地【鞏固訓(xùn)練】(1)Yoursuccesstodaymaybe_______(significance)foryourwholefuture.=Yoursuccesstodaymaybe______________toyourwholefuture.(同義轉(zhuǎn)換）(2)Eatingagooddiet_______(significant)canlessentheriskofheartdisease.(3)Couldyouexplaintomethe_______(significant)ofthispartofthecontract?重點(diǎn)短語1.dress(sb.)up穿上盛裝；裝扮【教材原句】Itisnowachildren’sfestival,whentheycandressupandgototheirneighbors’homestoaskforsweets.萬圣節(jié)前夕如今成了孩子們的節(jié)日，這天他們可以喬裝打扮去鄰居家要糖果吃。(1)dressupas打扮成……(2)dresssb./oneself給……穿衣（表示動(dòng)作）(3)bedressedin穿著……（表示狀態(tài)）=bewearing(4)getdressed穿好衣服(5)其他的“穿”：putonsth穿上；戴上(表示動(dòng)作)；wearsth穿上；戴上(表示動(dòng)作)bein+顏色(表示狀態(tài)）：穿著…顏色的衣服【鞏固訓(xùn)練】(1)Hedressedup_______ahunterfortheparty.(2)Sheisusuallydressed_______red，whichmakesherlookmoreenergetic.=Sheisusually_______red,_______(make)herlookmoreenergetic.(3)Themotheris_____________________（給她的寶寶穿衣服）.(4)Hewenttothebedroomto_____________________（穿好衣服）2.takeadvantageof利用；欺騙；占……的便宜【教材原句】Festivalsarebeingmoreandmoremercial,withbusinessestakingadvantageofthecelebrations.節(jié)日變得越來越商業(yè)化，因?yàn)樯碳依昧藨c?；顒?dòng)。advantagesanddisadvantages利弊beatadisadvantage處于劣勢(shì)beatanadvantage處于優(yōu)勢(shì)toone’sadvantage/disadvantage對(duì)某人有利/不利takeadvantageof=makeuseof利用【鞏固訓(xùn)練】(1)Hewonthegame,becausehetooktheadvantage_______histalent.(2)Thereare_____________________（利弊)ineverything.3.inspiteof不管；盡管【教材原句】AnotherexampleisHalloween，whichslowlybecameanexcitingfestivalforchildren,inspiteofitsreligiousorigins.另一個(gè)例子是萬圣節(jié)前夕，盡管它有宗教淵源，但它慢慢地成了讓孩子們興奮的節(jié)日。(1)inspiteof/despite/regardlessof+n/代詞/ving(2)inspiteof/despitethefactthat+句子….(3)although/though/while+句子引導(dǎo)讓步狀語【鞏固訓(xùn)練】(1)____________(盡管)hisoldage,hewasstillfitenoughtocycle20kilometersinanafternoon.(2)____________(不管)danger,heclimbedthetower.(3)Inspiteoftheheavyrain,wewentshoppingyesterday.=________________________________,wewentshoppingyesterday.（介詞短語）=_______________________________,wewentshoppingyesterday.（狀語從句）4.playarole/partina.在……中起作用；b.參與；在……中扮演角色【教材原句】Customsplayasignificantroleinfestivals,butsometimestheycanchangeovertime.習(xí)俗在節(jié)日中起著重要的作用，但有時(shí)它們會(huì)隨著時(shí)間的推移而改變。(1)play(perform)animportant/keyrole/partin在……中起重要/關(guān)鍵的作用；在……中扮演重要角色(2)therole/part(that/which)sb.playsin...某人在……中起的作用【鞏固訓(xùn)練】(1)Weallthinkthatshehasplayedanimportantrole_______carryingouttheplan.(2)It’sourhopethatwewillplay_______greaterroleinthemarketplaceand，therefore，supplymorejobs.(3)Whataninterestingroleshe_______(play)inthefilm!NowondershehaswonanOscar.(4)puters____________________________(在……中起重要作用)ourdailylife.5.takeplace發(fā)生；舉行（不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)）【教材原句】LaTomatinaisafestivalthattakesplaceintheSpanishtownBunoleveryAugust.番茄大戰(zhàn)是每年八月在西班牙小鎮(zhèn)布尼奧爾舉行的一個(gè)節(jié)日。(1)taketheplaceof=takeone’splace代替某人；就坐；就職(2)inplaceof=inone’splace代替(3)inplace在正確位置；準(zhǔn)備就緒(4)outofplace位置不當(dāng)；不恰當(dāng)【鞏固訓(xùn)練】(1)Theprofessorlikestoputeverything_______place.(2)Itwouldbedifficulttofindamantotake_______placeofthesecretary.(3)Someofthesebooksare_______ofplace.Pleaseputtheminrightorder.(4)Noonecanbe_______placeofhiminFrenchliterature.Unit2MoralsandVirtues1.majorityn.大部分;大多數(shù)(經(jīng)典佳句)Themajorityofthestudentsholdtheviewthatit’sconvenienttogotoschoolbyelectricbike.大多數(shù)學(xué)生持有以下觀點(diǎn):騎電動(dòng)車上學(xué)很方便。【詞匯精講】（1）the/amajorityof大多數(shù)的……inthemajority占多數(shù)Afterall,thosewhoareagainsttheprojectareinthemajority.畢竟,反對(duì)這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的人占多數(shù)。（2）反義詞:minorityn.少數(shù),少部分aminorityof少數(shù)的……Onlyasmallminorityofstudentsareinterestedinpoliticsthesedays.目前，只有極少數(shù)同學(xué)對(duì)政治感興趣。（3）majoradj.主要的；重要的；大的n.主修課程；少校注意：themajorityof后接名詞用法：“themajorityof+名詞”用作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞與名詞保持一致。“themajorityof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”用作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù);“themajorityof+不可數(shù)名詞”用作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如：1.Themajorityofthebooksarekeptupstairs.2.Themajorityoftheworkhasbeenfinished.[應(yīng)用]——完成句子①WeChatistothetasteof___________________,especiallytheyouth.②Ibelievethatstudentssupportingmeare_____________.③當(dāng)我有不同觀點(diǎn)時(shí),我總是尊重多數(shù)人的觀點(diǎn)。_________________________________________________________________________________④這次的損害大部分容易補(bǔ)救。____________________________________________________________________________2.plainvi.&vt.抱怨;發(fā)牢騷(經(jīng)典佳句)Myfatherisverybrave,hardworking,responsibleandmostimportantlyheneverplains.我的父親非常勇敢,勤勞,負(fù)責(zé),最為重要的是,他從來不抱怨?！驹~匯精講】[應(yīng)用]——完成句子①.Hephonedanewspaperreportertoplain____________thereporter’sstory.②.JaneismybestfriendandIcanplain____________herwhenIamunhappy.③.I’dliketobeinformedoftheprocessofyourdealingwithmy____________(plain).④一個(gè)幽默的抱怨可以造就一個(gè)風(fēng)趣的人，但是太多的抱怨將會(huì)讓你的聽眾覺得無趣/疲累。（2020年江蘇卷任務(wù)型閱讀）___________________________________________________________________________3.respondvt.回答；回復(fù)vt.做出反應(yīng)；回應(yīng)(經(jīng)典佳句)Sherespondedtomyletterwithaphonecall.她收到我的信后給我回了個(gè)。Whenaskedaboutthepany'sfuture,thedirectorrespondedthatheremainedoptimistic.當(dāng)被問到公司的未來的時(shí)候，經(jīng)理回答說他依然樂觀?！驹~匯精講】(1)respondto...(withsth.)回答，回復(fù)；對(duì)……做出反應(yīng)respondthat...回答說……(2)responsen.反應(yīng)；回答；回復(fù)inresponseto作為對(duì)……的答復(fù)/反應(yīng)makearesponse(to)(對(duì)……)做出回應(yīng)/反應(yīng)【易混辨析】respond,answer,replyrespond:為不及物動(dòng)詞，指對(duì)他人的期望等做出適當(dāng)?shù)幕貞?yīng)，是最正式的用詞answer:為及物動(dòng)詞，指用文字、語言或行動(dòng)回答，是最普通的用詞reply:為不及物動(dòng)詞，與answer用法基本相同，但稍正式一些【例句】Iaskedhimhisname,buthedidn'trespond.我問他叫什么名字，可他沒回答。Heansweredthathedidgotherelastnight.他回答說昨天晚上他的確去過那兒。It'syourturnnowtoreplytothesecharges.現(xiàn)在該輪到你對(duì)這些指控進(jìn)行答辯了。[應(yīng)用]單句語法填空①Devices(設(shè)備)thatcanrecognizeandrespond______ahumanvoicehavebeendeveloped.②Noteveryoneactsthesameinresponse______events,andthatiswhywhattriggers(引起)onepersonmayormaynottriggeranother.③Ifyoudonotunderstandthequestionaskedatasecuritycheckpoint(安檢員),askthepersontorepeathisquestionuntilyouareabletorespond________anaccurateanswer.完成句子卡爾沒有回答我的問題，繼續(xù)吃他的飯。④Carldidn’t_____________myquestion,andcarriedonwithhismeal.(respond)⑤Carl________________________myquestion,andcarriedonwithhismeal.(response)⑥聽到敲門聲后，我媽媽打開了門，但外面一個(gè)人都沒有。Mymotheropenedthedoor________________theknock,buttherewasnooneoutside.4.rejectvt.拒絕接受；不錄用(經(jīng)典佳句)Hewasrejectedbythearmybecauseofhispooreyesightlastyear.去年他因?yàn)橐暳Σ缓枚卉婈?duì)拒收。【詞匯精講】(1)rejectone’sidea/suggestion/plan拒絕接受某人的想法/建議/計(jì)劃rejectanargument/adecision/anoffer拒絕接受一個(gè)論點(diǎn)/一個(gè)決定/一項(xiàng)提議(2)rejectionn.拒絕接受；否決arejectionletter一封回絕信【易混辨析】reject與refusereject:vt.正式用詞，“摒棄，不采用，不使用”。refuse:vi.&vt.普通用詞，“拒絕”。refusesb.sth.拒絕某人某事；refusetodosth.拒絕做某事[應(yīng)用]單句語法填空①He_______________(reject)bythearmybecauseofhispooreyesightlastyear.②Althoughwritinga_____________(reject)lettercanbedifficult,therearesituationswhereit’sabsolutelynecessary.選詞填空（reject/refuse）③Heloveshisdaughtersomuchthathecan__________hernothing.④I’vebeen____________byallthepaniesIappliedto.⑤Iabsolutely__________totakepartinanythingthat’sillegal.⑥Whenshewassenttoaboardingschool,shefelt____________byherparents.5.appointvt.任命；委派(經(jīng)典佳句)Shewasappointed(as/tobe)monitorattheclassmeeting.在班會(huì)上她被任命為班長。Theyappointedhertotakecareofthatoldman.他們派她去照顧那位老人。【詞匯精講】(1)appointsb.(as/tobe)＋職位某人擔(dān)任……職位appointsb.todosth.委派某人做某事(2)appointmentn.任命；委派；約定make/haveanappointmentwithsb.與某人有約keep/breakanappointment守約/違約(3)appointedadj.約定的；指定的[應(yīng)用]——單句語法填空①Salmon,disabled,isattendedthroughoutherschooldaysbyanurse_____________(appoint)toguardher.②Ihatetorushyou,butIhaveanother_______________(appoint).③Tohisjoy,he________________(appoint)asmanager.Afterall,thisrepresentedhisability.Andthemomenthereceivedthe_______________(appoint)letter,hecalledandmadean_______________(appoint)withhisformerteacher,forwhosehelphewasgrateful.6.electvt.選舉；推選(經(jīng)典佳句)Sheelectedanartcoursebecauseshewasinterestedinart.因?yàn)樗龑?duì)藝術(shù)感興趣，所以選擇了一門藝術(shù)課。Likemen,womenhavetherighttoelectandtobeelected.婦女享有同男子平等的選舉權(quán)和被選舉權(quán)?！驹~匯精講】electtodosth.決定做某事electsb.as選舉某人當(dāng)……electionn.選舉；推選；當(dāng)選thefirstroundoftheelection第一輪選舉[應(yīng)用]——單句語法填空①Congratulations!Iheardyouhavebeen___________(elect)aschairman.②Anincreasingnumberofpeopleelect__________(work)athome.③Theyear1789sawthefirst____________(elect)inAmericanhistorywhereamajorityofpeople___________(elect)GeorgeWashington______thefirstpresident.7.tendvt.照顧;照料vi.傾向;趨于(經(jīng)典佳句)I’mwritingtoexpressmysincerethankstoMsWangwhotendedmymotherinthehospital.我寫信真誠地感謝在醫(yī)院里照顧我媽媽的王女士?！驹~匯精講】（1）tendtodosth.傾向于做某事Somepeopletendtolookdownupondisabledpeople.有些人往往瞧不起殘疾人。（2）tendsb./sth.照料/照看……Shewasmoreinterestedintendingpatients.她對(duì)于照顧病人更感興趣。(1)tendencyn.傾向,趨勢(shì)haveatendencytodosth.有做某事的傾向IhaveatendencytotalktoomuchwhenI'mnervous.我緊張時(shí)總愛嘮叨。[應(yīng)用]——完成句子①WhileIhatetoadmitit,peoplealwaystend____________(judge)apersonbyhisorherappearanceinitially.②Thereisaslow____________(tend)that“thebeatculture”ispopularwiththeyouthsinChina.③人們常常認(rèn)為這個(gè)問題絕不會(huì)影響到他們。___________________________________________________________________________④高收入的父母傾向于更頻繁地讓孩子們玩拼圖游戲。___________________________________________________________________________⑤科學(xué)家們往往充滿好奇并且野心勃勃。___________________________________________________________________________8.retirevi.&vt.退休；退職；退出；離開(尤指去僻靜處)(經(jīng)典佳句)Mostpeopleretireat60.大多數(shù)人在60歲時(shí)退休。Afterlunch,heretiredtohisstudy.午飯后他去了書房?！驹~匯精講】(1)retirefrom...從……退休(役)/退出(2)retiredadj.已退職的；已退休的(3)retirementn.退休；退職[應(yīng)用]——單句語法填空①Afterhe___________(retire)fromoffice,Tomtookuppaintingforawhile,butsoonlostinterest.②Whentheworldfamoustennisplayerannouncedher______________(retire),shecouldn’thelpcrying.③Hehasagreedtostruggleon,thoughhehopestoretire________hisposition.9.principlen.道德原則；法則；原則(經(jīng)典佳句)Schoolstrytoteachchildrenasetofprinciples.學(xué)校設(shè)法教給孩子們一套道德準(zhǔn)則。【詞匯精講】inprinciple原則上；理論上sticktoone’sprinciples堅(jiān)持原則beagainstone’sprinciples違背某人的原則asamatterofprinciple作為原則問題[應(yīng)用]——完成句子①Despitethevarietyofinjuries,several______________(principle)offirstaidcanapplytoallemergencies.②Anyway,Ican’tcheatintheexams—it’s_______________________(違背我的原則)③_______________(原則上),thenewsoftwareshouldmaketheaccountingsystemalotsimpler.④Thoughpoor,hestill_______________________(堅(jiān)持他的原則).10.scarevt.驚嚇；使害怕vi.受驚嚇(經(jīng)典佳句)Wewerescaredtodeathwhenthefirebrokeout.Fortunately,itwasputoutbeforeitcausedmuchdamage.突如其來的大火把我們嚇得要死，幸好它被撲滅了，沒有造成很大損失。Hedoesn’tscareeasily.他不輕易害怕。【詞匯精講】(1)scaresb.todeath把某人嚇得要死scaresb.away/off把某人嚇跑scareo/outof(doing)sth.嚇得某人做/不敢做某事Itscaressb.todosth.使某人害怕去做某事(2)scaredadj.害怕的，擔(dān)心的(近義詞：afraid/frightened)bescaredof...害怕/擔(dān)心……bescaredtodeath嚇得要死bescaredofdoingsth./todosth.害怕做某事bescaredthat...害怕(3)scaryadj.恐怖的；嚇人的[應(yīng)用]①Whenwearegettingexcited,angryor__________(scare),ourbodiesalsogothroughmanyphysicalchanges.②Theturkeywasscared___________atthesightofus.③IreallythoughtIwasgoingtofall—itwasa_________(scare)moment.④Thelocalfarmersusedtolightafire__________________(嚇跑)thewolves.11.sharpadj.(增長、下跌等)急劇的；鋒利的；明顯的；鮮明的；敏銳的；(語言)尖刻的；劇烈的；急轉(zhuǎn)的adv.(用于時(shí)間后表示準(zhǔn)時(shí))整(經(jīng)典佳句)Therewasasharpincreaseinunemploymentinthatarealastyear.去年那個(gè)地區(qū)的失業(yè)人數(shù)急劇上?！驹~匯精講】sharplyadv.猛烈地；急劇地sharpenvt.&vi.(使)變得鋒利sharpenern.磨具，削具[應(yīng)用]寫出下列句中sharp的含義①Unfortunately,Icutmyfootasharpstoneandcaughtmyhaironabranch.________②Asweallknow,aneaglehassharpeyesight.__________③Whenwegottothechurchitwasseveno’clocksharp.______④Allthefootmarksarequitesharpandclear.__________⑤Suddenly,hefeltasharppaininthestomach.__________⑥Hefaintedwhenridingtowork.Thebikemadeasharpturntotheleft.__________單句語法填空⑦Thepriceofpetrolhasrisen___________(sharp)sincelastmonth.⑧Thepencildoesn’twritewell；Ishould___________(sharp)itbeforeIdrawthegreatfigure.⑨Hewassharp________hiscolleagueswhentheywerelate.12.replacevt.接替;取代;更換(經(jīng)典佳句)It’sgoodtoenjoyotherculturesandlearnfromthem,buttheycanneverreplaceyourownculture.喜歡并向其他的文化學(xué)習(xí)很好,但是它們永遠(yuǎn)無法替代你自己的文化。【詞匯精講】(1)replacesth.withsth.用某物替代某物Iwillnolongeruseoneoffthingsandreplaceplasticbagswithpaperbags.我將不會(huì)再使用一次性物品,并且用紙袋替換塑料袋。(2)同義短語:taketheplaceof=takesb.’splace取代Shecouldn'tattendthemeetingsoherassistanttookherplace.她不能參加會(huì)議，所以她的助手代她出席。[應(yīng)用]——完成句子①VinodKhoslasuggeststhatwegetridof80%ofdoctorsandreplacethem____________robots.②Oldbooksarelikeoldfriends.Oncelost,theycannever____________(replace).③新的設(shè)計(jì)最終將會(huì)取代所有現(xiàn)有的型號(hào)。__________________________________________________________________________④研究人員研發(fā)智能鍵盤是為了取代密碼系統(tǒng)嗎？__________________________________________________________________________13.dilemman.進(jìn)退兩難的境地;困境(經(jīng)典佳句)Amoraldilemmaisasituationinwhichyouhavetwoormorechoicestomake.道德困境就是你有兩個(gè)甚至更多選擇的處境?！驹~匯精講】（1）putsb.intoadilemma使某人陷入困境Whichchoicetotakewillpossiblyputsomepeopleintoadilemma.該做出哪一個(gè)選擇很可能使一些人陷于困境中。（2）inadilemma處于困境中Shewasinadilemmaastowhethertostayatschoolorgetajob.她進(jìn)退兩難,不知該留在學(xué)校讀書還是找份工作。[應(yīng)用]——完成句子①它對(duì)某些人有益處,但會(huì)使其他人就是否投票陷入困境。_________________________________________________________________________________②當(dāng)為我自己選擇一個(gè)專業(yè)的時(shí)候我陷于困境之中。_________________________________________________________________________________③他正面臨著要不要回國的兩難境地。_________________________________________________________________________________重點(diǎn)短語1.carrysb.throughsth.幫助某人渡過難關(guān)(經(jīng)典佳句)ThesewordsofDrLinQiaozhigiveusalookintowhatcarriedherthroughalifeofhardchoices.林巧稚醫(yī)生的這些話可以讓我們了解是什么幫助她渡過人生中的艱難選擇的。【詞匯精講】(1)carrythrough完成;進(jìn)行到底It'sadifficultjobbutshe'sthepersontocarryitthrough.這是一項(xiàng)艱巨的工作，但她這個(gè)人是能夠順利完成的。(2)carryout執(zhí)行,實(shí)行;貫徹;實(shí)現(xiàn)Policesaytheybelievetheattackswerecarriedoutbynationalists.警方稱他們認(rèn)為這些襲擊行為是民族主義分子發(fā)動(dòng)的。(3)carryon開展;維持;繼續(xù)CarryonwithyourworkwhileI'maway.我不在時(shí)你要接著干。(4)carryforward繼承,弘揚(yáng)Wemustcarryforwardourachievementsandcorrectourmistakes.我們要發(fā)揚(yáng)成績(jī)，糾正錯(cuò)誤。[應(yīng)用]——完成句子①誰也不能阻止這個(gè)計(jì)劃的實(shí)施。_____________________________________________________________________________②他靠堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的信心渡過了艱苦的歲月。_____________________________________________________________________________[應(yīng)用]——單選③Wecan’t______buyinganewprinterforourpany.Theonewehavedoesn’twork.A.takeup B.carryout C.keepon D.putoff2.agreatdeal(of)大量(經(jīng)典佳句)Thankstopapermakingandprinting,agreatdealofancientinformationhasbeenkeptinbooks.多虧了造紙術(shù)和印刷,大量的古代信息被保存在書里?！驹~匯精講】(1）agreatdeal可單獨(dú)使用，也可以用在形容詞副詞的比較級(jí)前表示“大量，許多”。如：Welearnedagreatdealfromthem.我們從他們那里學(xué)到許多東西。HeranagreatdealfasterthanI.他跑得比我快多了。（1）agreatdealof只能用在不可數(shù)名詞前表示“大量的”如：Hehasgivenusagreatdealofhelp.他已經(jīng)給了我們很多的幫助。英語中很多短語表示“大量許多”，根據(jù)性質(zhì)可分為三類：（1）修飾可數(shù)名詞的有:agreat/goodmany;alarge/greatnumberof;scoresof等,謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如：Agreat/goodmanywordsandexpressionshaveeintothelanguagefromAmericanEnglish.這種語言吸收了美國英語中的許多單詞和短語。（2）修飾不可數(shù)名詞的有:alargemountof;agreatdealof等，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如：Hehasspentalargeamountofmoneyonhisnewhouse.他已經(jīng)花了很多錢在他的新房子上。（3）既可以修飾可數(shù)名詞也可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞的有:alotof;lotsof;plentyof;aquantityof;quantitiesof,謂語動(dòng)詞按照“主謂一致”語法專題的原則。如：Alargequantityofmoneywasspentonthebridge.很多錢被花在這座橋上。Alargequantityofmaterialswerespentonthebuilding.建造這個(gè)大樓耗費(fèi)了大量的材料。[應(yīng)用]——完成句子①Undoubtedly,Gaokaomeans__________toeveryChinesestudent.毫無疑問,高考對(duì)每一個(gè)中國學(xué)生意義重大。②Ialsohavefriendswhogaveme_____________encouragement.我還有些朋友給了我很多鼓勵(lì)。③Meredith夫人花費(fèi)大量的時(shí)間拜訪窮人們。（2020年全國卷山東新高考卷故事續(xù)寫）_____________________________________________________________________________3.neither...nor既不……也不……(經(jīng)典佳句)Lastnightneithermywifenormyparentswereabletopersuademydaughtertochangehermind.昨天晚上我妻子和我父母都沒能說服我女兒改變主意。(1)neither...nor...“既不……也不……”，連接句中兩個(gè)相同的句子成分。連接并列主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞遵循就近一致原則。Neitherthefathernorthechildrenwereinterestedinthemovie.Neitherthechildrennorthefatherwasinterestedinthemovie.(2)遵循“就近原則”的其他并列連詞：either...or...不是……就是……notonly...butalso...不僅……而且……not...but...不是……而是……Asisknowntoall，notonlythenursesbutalsothedoctorisverykindtothepatients.眾所周知，護(hù)士和醫(yī)生都對(duì)病人非常和藹。Eitheryouoroneofyourstudentsistoattendthemeetingthatisduetomorrow.你或者你的一名學(xué)生應(yīng)該出席明天的會(huì)議。[應(yīng)用]——完成句子①人們既不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治療方法。_____________________________________________________________________________②正如作者解釋的那樣，這不是一本旅游書也不是一本歷史書。_____________________________________________________________________________③誠實(shí)地說，我既沒有時(shí)間也沒有金錢參加舞會(huì)。_____________________________________________________________________________4.wouldrather寧愿;寧可(經(jīng)典佳句)I’dratherstaysingletostudyallmylife!我寧愿單身一輩子來學(xué)習(xí)!【詞匯精講】(1)表示“寧愿做某事”時(shí)，可使用下面這些句式wouldratherdosth.wouldratherdosth.ratherthandosth.woulddosth.thandosth.(2)wouldrather+從句,意為“寧愿……”,此時(shí)從句中要用虛擬語氣,表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)硎聦?shí)相反,謂語動(dòng)詞用過去式,表示與過去事實(shí)相反用過去完成式。Iwouldratheryousaidnothingaboutthetopic.關(guān)于這個(gè)話題我寧愿你什么都不要說。（事實(shí)是說了）IwouldratherIhadn’tmethimyesterday.我寧愿昨天沒有遇到他。（事實(shí)是遇見了）[應(yīng)用]——完成句子①比起去電影院我寧愿在家里看電視。_____________________________________________________________________________②他寧可到鄉(xiāng)村去工作。_____________________________________________________________________________③我寧愿那時(shí)聽從了你的建議。(虛擬語氣）_____________________________________________________________________________【查漏補(bǔ)缺】U1一、單詞拼寫1.

Weexpressedoursincere

(祝賀)tohimonwinningthepetitionattheceremony.2.

Thereisafull

(系列,范圍)ofactivitiesforchildren.3.

Festivalsnotonlymakethefamilymembersreunitebutalsoremindthemofitsunique

(魅力).4.

Intheancienttime,theimportantagriculturalfestivaloftentookplaceafterallthecropshavebeen

(收割).5.

Iwouldbe

(感激的)ifyoucangivemesomesuggestionsontheproblem.6.

ChineseLanternFestivaloften

(以……為特色)agameofguessingriddles.7.

They

(裝飾)

theirhouseswithflowersonFestival.8.

Itis

(典型的)ofhimtotakeexerciseeverymorning.9.

Itisvery

(意義重大的)forustocelebratethefestivals.10.

Theboylookedathimself

(反射)inthemirrorandsmiled.二、單句語法填空1.

Doyouknowanythingabouttheaccident

(happen)inthevillageyesterday.2.

Thetreethere,

(measure)over80metreswasplanted1,000yearsago.3.

Theoldman'sjobis

(look)afterhisgrandsonafterheretiredfromwork.4.

Ifoundthereweresomechildren

(swim)inthelakewhenIreachedit.5.

Thequestion

(discuss)nowatthemeetingisverysignificant.6.

Peoplearesurprisedtoseethattheeelhasbeenmarkeduptoan

(astonish)price.17.

Shelostheartsinceshefailedtheexam,becauseherfuturewas

(puzzle).8.

Whenthelittlegirlwasaskedsucha

question,shestoodtherewitha

lookonherface.(confuse)9.

Atigerisalargefierceanimal

(belong)tothecatfamily.10.

Thepany

(consist)of15smallfactoriesisfacingas