北京市西城區(qū)2024屆高三年級下冊4月一模試題 英語

英語試題

第一部分：知識運用（共兩節(jié)，30分）

第一節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）

閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，

并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。

WhenSusanwasahighschoolsenior,herEnglishteacherMr.DiMeogavetheclassachalleng-

ingtask:Reciteapoeminfrontofthewholeclass.

"Ihadamildstutter（結巴）.Fdbe]togetawordoutthatmightbeginwith'D'or'TH',or

Imightsaythe'threetimes,"Susansaid.Thethoughtofgettingupinfrontofherclassmatesand

stutteringthroughthepoemwastoomuchto2.

Susanwenthomeand3howscaredshewastohermom,whoagreedtowriteanoteasking

forhertobe4fromdoingthetaskinfrontofthewholeclass.

Whenthedayoftherecitationcame,Susanrecitedthepoemone-on-onetoMr.DiMeo.5she

wasdone,Mr.DiMeosaidsomethingshe'dneverheardbefore:thathelikedlisteningtohervoice.

Forthefirsttime,sheconsideredthepossibilitythatpublicspeakingdidn'thavetobeasourceof

6_.

Susanwentontograduatefromhighschoolandgotocollege.Shenevergottoproperlythank

Mr.DiMeo.Butsometimeaftercollege,she7ajobasacorporatetrainer.Thenewpositionmade

herrealizehowbiga（n）8hehadhadonherconfidence.

"Istandupinfrontofpeopleandspeak,andIdoitallthetime.IfIdostutteronceinawhile,

nobigdeal,"shesaid.Susanrecentlyfoundawayto9herformerteacher,andplansonsending

himaletterexpressingherappreciation.

Inhermind,Mr.DiMeoisanunsunghero,becausehe'sabigreasonwhyshehasasuccessful

careerandlife.*'Idon'tknowwhereIwouldVegoneifIfeltlikeIhadtokeepmyvoice10because

Iwasafraidofembarrassingmyself.I'dliketothankhimforthatkindness."

1.A.continuingB.strugglingC.pretendingD.hoping

2.A.shareB.expressC.findD.bear

3.A.taughtB.provedC.revealedD.promised

4.A.excusedB.prohibitedC.correctedD.discouraged

5.A.WhileB.AlthoughC.UnlessD.Once

6.A.jealousyB.worryC.boredomD.loneliness

7.A.wantedB.offeredC.landedD.created

8.A.impactB.ideaC.choiceD.stress

9.A.judgeB.contactC.studyD.interview

10.A.sweetB.loudC.quietD.deep

第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）

閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當?shù)膯卧~，在

給出提示詞的空白處用括號內所給詞的正確形式填空。請在答題卡指定區(qū)域作答。

A

IllneverforgetmyfirstvisittoChina.Mumencouragedmetotrydifferentkindsoffood,and

Idid!Ilovedeverything.ButjustwhenIthoughtIcoulddealwithallChinesefood,Icameacross

stinkytofu.Ahorriblegreythingthatlookedandsmeltlikeaburntsportsshoe."Youneedn'ttryit

11youdon'twantto,"Mumsaid.ButI12(gather)allmycouragetotakeabiteandwas

amazedtofinditwasn'tsobad.Itremindedmeofbluecheese,asimilarlystrongsmellingtypeof

foodyoueitherloveorhate.MaybeI13(fall)inlovewithstinkytofu-someday.

B

The5-SecondRulesuggestsfoodisOKtoeatifyoupickitup14fivesecondsorless.Believe

itornot,scientistshavetestedtherule.We'resorrytoreportit'snotnecessarilytrue.Bacteriacan

attach15(it)toyourfoodinstantly,regardlessofhowquicklyit16(pick)up.Foodleft

thereforfivesecondsorlesswillprobablycollectlessbacteriathanfoodsittingthereforalonger

time,butfastmaynotbefastenough.Floors,evenclean-lookingones,harborbacteria.Ultimately,

ifindoubt,abandonthefood17(avoid)potentialillness.

C

Yourhometowncouldaffectyournavigational(導航的)skills.Newresearchindicatesthat

individuals18(raise)incitieswithstructuredstreetpatternsmayencounterdifficultiesin

navigationcomparedtothosefromruralareaswithmoreorganiclayouts.Thisconclusionwasdrawn

fromastudy19(involve)playersofamobilegameaboutsea,20tests3-Dnavigationskills.

However,there'shopeforcityresidents:anurbanversionofthegameshowedslightimprovements

forthem.

第二部分：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，38分）

第一節(jié)（共14小題；每小題2分，共28分）

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上

將該項涂黑。

A

DiscoveryPass

WithaNSWTrainLinkDiscoveryPass,youcan

?getunlimitedbookedtraveltomorethan365destinationsontheNSWTrainLinkRegional

trainandcoachnetwork

?chooseapassthatsuitsyourtravelplans:14days,onemonth,threemonthsorsixmonths

?chooseaclassoftravelthatsuitsyourstyle:EconomyorFirstClass（Premium）.

PleasenotethatyoucannotbookachildticketonlinewithaDiscoveryPass.Youwillinstead

needtocall132232orvisitasalesagent.

Beforepurchasingapass,pleasereadtherelevanttermsandrules.ANSWTrainLinkDiscovery

Passisnon-refundableanditcannotbeassignedtoanotherperson.

Prices

Passtype14days1month3months6months

AdultEconomy$232$275$298$420

AdultPremium$300$350$400$550

ChildEconomy$121$143$154$220

ChildPremium$154$176$220$275

Howtopurchaseapassandbooktrips

Step1:PurchaseaDiscoveryPass

Chooseatimelimitandclassoftravelthatsuitsyourneeds.

Step2:Bookyourtrips

AfteryoupurchaseaDiscoveryPass,youhaveuptoonemonthtobookyourfirsttrip.Thetime

limitonyourpasswillstartfromthedeparturedateofyourfirstbookedtrip.Alltripsmustbebooked

andtakenbeforetheexpiry（至！J期）dateindicatedonthepass.Youmustbookeachtripbeforeyou

travel.

Findoutmoreaboutwaystobookyourticket?Visitourwebsite:

https://tickets-opal/regional-tickets-fares/ways-to-book-your-ticket

21.YoucanuseaNSWTrainLinkDiscoveryPassto.

A.bookachildticketonlineB.chooseaclassoftravelthatsuitsyou

C.chooseaweekly,monthlyoryearlypassD.getbookedtraveltounlimiteddestinations

22.Ifamotherwithachildwantstobuyaone-monthNSWTrainLinkDiscoveryPassforEcon-

omyClass,sheshouldpay

A.$353B.$418C.$693D.$876

23.WhatcanweknowaboutaNSWTrainLinkDiscoveryPass?

A.Apasscanbegiventoanotherperson.

B.ApasscanberefundedtoNSWTrains.

C.Thetimelimitonapassstartsfromthedayofyourpurchase.

D.Youshouldbookyourfirsttripwithinonemonthafteryourpurchase.

B

Asthisyeardrawstoaclose,IstillrememberthefearIfeltonabrightSaturdaymorninginlate

September,atafive-kilometerraceinClarkston,Georgia,asIwaitedformy11-year-oldsonatthe

finishline.

Iknewhecouldruna5kinabout30minutes.WhenIdidn'tseehimatthe35-minutemark,I

begantowonderwhathadgonewrong.Hadhegottenlost?Washehitbyacar?Aboutanhourearlier,

whenwedroveintotown,mysonnoticedaninsectonmycar.Itwasbrightgreen,nolongerthana

fingernail.Anditwasfriendly.Thislittlegreenthinghoppedontomyson'sfinger,whereitstayed

foralong,longtime.Itstayedsolongthatweeventuallygaveitaname:LittleFriend.

Afewminutesbeforetherace,LittleFriendjumpedoffmyson'shandandlandedontheside-

walk.Butpedestriantrafficwasheavyandunpredictable.LittleFriendwasindanger.Somyson

kneltandreachedouthishand.LittleFriendcameback.

Theracewasabouttostart,andthetinygreeninsectwasinforawildride.Mysonwouldrun

fast,andtheracewouldbelong,andhisarmswouldswing,andLittleFriendwouldeventuallybe

shakenoff.

"YouwillloseLittleFriend,"Itoldhim.

Mysonnodded,treatingthemomentwithappropriateseriousness.

Theracebegan,andIlostsightofhim.

Theexcitementatthefinishlinegavewaytoanxietywhenmysondidnotshowup.

Ikeptaskingpeopleifthey'dseenhim.Noonehad.Andbeyondthe40-minutemark,Iwasin

apanic.

Buttherehewas,thankgoodness,justaheadofthe45-minutemark.

AndtherewasLittleFriend,ridingontheuppercrookofhisrightthumblikeaverysmallcaptain

onaverytallship.

Mypredictionshadbeenwrong.Mysonhadnotrunfast,andhehadnotlostLittleFriend.And

thesetwofactsseemedsomehowrelated.Heblamedacoldhewasgettingover.Isuspecteditwas

morethanthat,butIdidn'tquestionhimtoomuchaboutit.

Wewalkedbacktothecar,smiling,andfoundsomebushesintheparkinglotthatseemedlike

agoodplaceformysontodropoffLittleFriend.

“Befree,"mysonsaid,andgentlyputitinthebushes.

Mysonknewthetruth.Sometimeslifegivesyousomethingbeautiful,afragile,short-lived

treasureinyourhand.Thereisnoneedtorushahead.Treatitgently.Enjoyeachmoment.Holdon

whileyoucan.

Onedaymysonwillleavetoo,runningoffonhisownadventure.

24.Howdidthewriterprobablyfeelwhenhefinallysawhissonappearinsight?

A.Relieved.B.Depressed.C.Satisfied.D.Disappointed.

25.Thesonfailedtorunasfastashisfatherhadexpectedprobablybecause.

A.hewaslostB.hewasrecoveringfromacold

C.hewasafraidtolosethetinyinsectD.hewassloweddownbytheheavytraffic

26.AsforthewayhissontreatedLittleFriend,thewriteris.

A.indifferentB.anxiousC.appreciativeD.doubtful

27.Whatwillthewritermostprobablydoaftertherace?

A.Treasureeverymomenthehaswithhisson.

B.Encouragehissontotakemoreadventures.

C.Tellhissontotakeracesseriously.

D.Getmoreinsectsforhisson.

C

EvanSelinger,professorinRIT'sDepartmentofPhilosophy,hastakenaninterestintheethics

（倫理標準）ofAlandthepolicygapsthatneedtobefilledin.Throughahumanitiesviewpoint,

Selingerasksthequestions,"HowcanAIcauseharm,andwhatcangovernmentsandcompanies

creatingAlprogramsdotoaddressandmanageit?”Answeringthem,heexplained,requiresanin-

terdisciplinaryapproach.

"AIethicsgobeyondtechnicalfixes.Philosophersandotherhumanitiesexpertsareuniquely

skilledtoaddressthenuanced（微妙的）principles,valueconflicts,andpowerdynamics.These

skillsaren'tjustcrucialforaddressingcurrentissues.Wedesperatelyneedthemtopromoteanticipa-

tory（先行的）governance,"saidSelinger.

Oneexamplethatillustrateshowphilosophyandhumanitiesexpertscanhelpguidethesenew,

rapidlygrowingtechnologiesisSelingefsworkcollaboratingwithaspecialAIproject.*'Oneofthe

skillsIbringtothetableisidentifyingcoreethicalissuesinemergingtechnologiesthathaven'tbeen

builtorusedbythepublic.Wecantakepreventativestepstolimitrisk,includingchanginghowthe

technologyisdesigned,"saidSelinger.

Takingthesepreventativestepsandregularlyreassessingwhatrisksneedaddressingispartof

theongoingjourneyinpursuitofcreatingresponsibleAI.Selingerexplainsthatthereisn'tastep-by-

stepapproachforgoodgovernance."AIethicshavecorevaluesandprinciples,butthere*sendless

disagreementaboutinterpretingandapplyingthemandcreatingmeaningfulaccountabilitymecha-

nisms,"saidSelinger."SomepeoplearerightlyworriedthatAIcanbecomeintegratedinto'ethics

washing'-weakchecklists,flowerymissionstatements,andemptyrhetoricthatcoversoverabusesof

power.Fortunately,I'vehadgreatconversationsaboutthisissue,includingwithsomeexperts,on

whyitisimportanttoconsiderarangeofpositions.n

SomeofSelinger^recentresearchhasfocusedontheback-endissueswithdevelopingAI,such

asthehumanimpactthatcomeswithtestingAIchatbotsbeforethey'rereleasedtothepublic.Other

issuesfocusonpolicy,suchaswhattodoaboutthedangersposedbyfacialrecognitionandother

automatedsurveillance（監(jiān)視）approaches.

Selingerismakingsurehisstudentsareinformedabouttheongoingindustryconversationson

AIethicsandresponsibleAI."Studentsaregoingtobefuturetechleaders.Nowisthetimetohelp

themthinkaboutwhatgoalstheircompaniesshouldhaveandthecostsofminimizingethicalcon-

cerns.Beyondsocialcosts,downplayingethicscannegativelyimpactcorporatecultureandhiring,"

saidSelinger."Toattracttoptalent,youneedtoconsiderwhetheryourcompanymatchestheirinter-

estsandhopesforthefuture.n

28.Selingeradvocatesaninterdisciplinaryapproachbecause.

A.humanitiesexpertspossessskillsessentialforAIethics

B.itdemonstratesthepowerofanticipatorygovernance

C.AIethicsheavilydependsontechnologicalsolutions

D.itcanavoidsocialconflictsandpressingissues

29.TopromoteresponsibleAI,Selingerbelievesweshould.

A.adoptasystematicapproachB.applyinnovativetechnologies

C.anticipateethicalrisksbeforehandD.establishaccountabilitymechanisms

30.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelasttwoparagraphs?

A.MorecompanieswilluseAItoattracttoptalent.

B.UnderstandingAIethicswillhelpstudentsinthefuture.

C.Selingerfavorscompaniesthatmatchhisstudents*values.

D.Selingerislikelytofocusonback-endissuessuchaspolicy.

D

Whilesomeallergies（過敏癥）disappearovertimeorwithtreatment,otherslastalifetime.

Fordecades,scientistshavebeensearchingforthesourceoftheselifetimeallergies.

Recently,researchersfoundthatmemoryBcellsmaybeinvolved.Thesecellsproduceadiffer-

entclassofantibodiesknownasIgG,whichwardoffviralinfectionsButnoonehadidentifiedexactly

whichofthosecellswererecallingallergensorhowtheyswitchedtomakingtheIgEantibodies

responsibleforallergies.Touncoverthemysteriouscells,tworesearchteamstookadeepdiveinto

theimmune（免疫的）cellsofpeoplewithallergiesandsomewithout.

ImmunologistJoshuaKoenigandcolleaguesexaminedmorethan90,000memoryBcellsfrom

sixpeoplewithbirchallergies,fourpeopleallergictodustmitesandfivepeoplewithnoallergies.

UsingatechniquecalledRNAsequencing,theteamidentifiedspecificmemoryBcells,whichthey

namedMBC2s.thatmakeantibodiesandproteinsassociatedwiththeimmuneresponsethatcauses

allergies

Inanotherexperiment,KoenigandcolleaguesusedapeanutproteintogofishingformemoryB

cellsfrompeoplewithpeanutallergies.Theteampulledoutthesametypeofcellsfoundinpeople

withbirchanddustmiteallergies.Inpeoplewithpeanutallergies,thosecellsincreasedinnumber

andproducedIgEantibodiesasthepeoplestartedtreatmenttodesensitizethemtopeanutallergens.

AnothergroupledbyMariaCurottodeLafaille,animmunologistattheIcahnSchoolofMedi-

cineatMountSinaiinNewYorkCity,alsofoundthatsimilarcellsweremore,plentifulin58children

allergictopeanutsthanin13kidswithoutallergies.Theteamfoundthatthecellsarereadytoswitch

frommakingprotectiveIgGantibodiestoallergy-causingIgEantibodies.Evenbeforetheswitch,the

cellsweremakingRNAforIgEbutdidn'tproducetheprotein.MakingthatRNAenablesthecellsto

switchthetypeofantibodiestheymakewhentheyencounterallergens.Thesignaltoswitchpartially

dependsonaproteincalledJAK.thegroupdiscovered."StoppingJAKfromsendingthesignalcould

helppreventthememorycellsfromswitchingtoIgEproduction,"Lafaillesays.Shealsopredicts

thatallergistsmaybeabletoexamineaspectsofthesememorycellstoforecastwhetherapatient's

allergyislikelytolastordisappearwithtimeortreatment.

"Knowingwhichpopulationofcellsstoreallergiesinlong-termmemorymayeventuallyhelp

scientistsidentifyotherwaystokilltheallergycells,"saysCeciliaBerin,animmunologistatNorth-

westernUniversityFeinbergSchoolofMedicine.*'Youcouldpotentiallygetridofnotonlyyour

peanutallergybutalsoallofyourallergies.n

31.Whydidscientistsinvestigatetheimmunecellsofindividualswithandwithoutallergies?

A.ToexplorethedistinctionsbetweenIgGandIgE.

B.TouncovernewantibodiesknownasIgGandIgE.

C.Toidentifycellsresponsiblefordefendingagainstallergies.

D.Torevealcellsassociatedwiththedevelopmentofallergies.

32.Whatdoestheword"desensitize"underlinedinParagraph4mostprobablymean?

A.Make...lessdestructive.B.Make...lessresponsive.

C.Make...lessprotective.D.Make...lesseffective.

33.Whatcanwelearnfromthetworesearchteams1work?

A.MBC2smakeantibodiesandproteinsthatpreventallergies.

B.MemoryBcellsgeneratebothRNAforIgEandthecorrespondingprotein.

C.JAKplaysaroleincontrollingantibodyproductionwhenexposedtoallergens.

D.Allergistsarecapableofpredictingwhetheranallergywilllastordisappear.

34.Whichcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.RNASequencingIsAppliedinImmunologyResearch

B.SpecificCellsRelatedtoPeanutAllergiesAreIdentified

C.UnmaskingCells*IdentitiesHelpsDiagnoseandTreatAllergies

D.NewfoundImmuneCellsAreResponsibleforLong-lastingAllergies

第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）

根據(jù)短文內容，從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將

該項涂黑。選項中有兩項為多余選項。

Mostofusareactuallyterribleatgivinggifts.About$70billionworthofpresentsarereturned

everyyearintheU.S.35Herearethreewaystoimproveyourgift-givinggamearoundthe

holidays.

Stoptryingtomakeyourgiftssodelightful.36Wewantsomethingfromgiving:thoselooks

ofdelight.Thoseexclamations.Thisiswhyitemslikehyper-specifickitchengadgetsandfancyvin-

tageclocksallseemlikefantasticgifts.Butitturnsout,recipientsoftenwantthingsthatarefarmore

practical-thingstheycanactuallyuse.

37Justgivepeoplewhattheyaskfor.AstudylookedatAmazonwishliststodetermineif

peopleweremoreappreciativeofgiftsfromthelistversusgiftsthatweretotalsurprises.Itturnedout

thatpeoplewhogotgiftsthatweren'tontheirlistconsideredthemaslessthoughtfulandlesspersonal.

38

Howcanwecreateagift-givingplanthatisasemotionalaswedesire?Humanslovetofeel

connected.Andonewaywedothatisbysharinginterestswithothers.Soifyouwanttolearnhow

togivebettergifts,putyourselfintherecipient'sshoesandtrytothinkofsomethingyoubothshare.

Maybeit'stheloveforasport,drinkingwine,orsomeotherhobby.39Andbecauseyoupicked

somethingyoushare,theywillfeelmoreconnectedtoyouandappreciateyourgiftmore.

A.Sohowdowegetlessterrible?

B.Surpriseisoverrated-we'rehappiertogetwhatweaskfor.

C.Sowhat'sthemostpracticalgiftyoucangivethatpeoplemightactuallybegratefulfor?

D.Thelong-termpleasureofthereceivermaynotbeobservedandthereforeisdiscounted.

E.Onceyou'vefoundasharedinterest,goandfindausefulgiftrelatedtothisinterest.

F.Whatrecipientscareaboutishowmuchvaluethey'regoingtogetfromthegiftoveralonger

timeperiod.

G.Researchhasshownthatgiversareconsumedbythemomentofunwrappingagiftevenmore

thanthegiftitself.

第三部分：書面表達（共兩節(jié)，32分）

第一節(jié)（共4小題；第40、41題各2分，第42題3分，第43題5分，共12分）

閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求用英文回答問題。請在答題卡指定區(qū)域作答。

Inafast-pacedworld,wherestressandmentaltirednessseemcommonplace,we'reconstantly

lookingfornewwaystounwind.Peoplemaycarryoutavarietyofactivitiestohelpthemrelax.But

whataboutthebirdsongsorothernaturesounds?Couldtheyalsohelppeopletoletgoofthetensions

ofmodernlife?

AccordingtoastudybyKing'sCollegeLondonin2022,seeingorhearingbirdscouldhelpto

boostthementalwellbeingofpeople.Takingatriptoplace