高一英語輔導(dǎo)資料-定語從句

2011年上期高一優(yōu)秀生英語輔導(dǎo)資料定語從句I概念定語從句通常是指用來修飾或限制某一名詞或代詞的從句，其作用相當于形容詞。1.先行詞：被定語從句所修飾和限制的名詞或代詞稱之為先行詞。2.關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞。關(guān)系詞關(guān)系代詞that,which,who,whom,whose,as,but,than關(guān)系副詞when,where,why解題思路：找先行詞，看先行詞在定語從句中充當何種成分，然后確定用何種關(guān)系詞。Hestilllivesinthehouse______isinthenorthofthecity.Hestilllivesinthehouse______windowfacestothesouth.Hestilllivesinthehouse____thereisapieceoffurniture.(先行詞thehouse分別在定語從句中作主語、定語、地點狀語。因此分別用which/that;whose;where.)I’llneverforgetthedays______wespenttogether.I’llneverforgetthedays______westayedtogether.(先行詞thedays分別在定語從句中作賓語、時間狀語。因此分別用which/that;inwhich/when.)Thereason______hegaveuswasreasonable.Thereason______hedidn’tattendthemeetingwasthathewasill.(先行詞thereason分別在定語從句中作賓語、原因狀語。因此分別用which/that;why.)Thisistheonlyway______youcanfind.Ididn’tliketheway_____hespoketohismother.(先行詞theway分別在定語從句中作賓語、方式狀語。因此分別用that或省略；inwhich/that或省略)那么該如何確定關(guān)系詞呢？首先看在限制性定語從句中：一當先行詞在定語從句中作主語、賓語或表語/賓補時：主語賓語表語/賓補人who;thatwho;whom;that;/that物which,thatwhich;that;/人和物thatthat;/1)Theladywho/thatcametoourclassisfromAustralia.2)Ivisitedthecountrywhich/thathadbeenbombedbytheUS-ledNATOamonthbefore.3)Heistheperson(who/whom/that)Imetintheparkyesterday.4)I’llneverforgettheyears(which/that)IspentwithmycousininAustralia?5)Watchthegirlandherdogthatarecrossingthestreet.6)Welikedthefarmersandtheirfarm(that)wevisitedyesterday.注意：1.先行詞指人，在定語從句中作主語時，一般用who或that都可以。但在下列情況下，通常用who，而不用that。1)當先行詞是people,those,one/ones,anyone/anybody等時Peoplewhocanseesometimesactjustasfoolishly.Thosewhowereeitherfoolsorunfitfortheirofficescouldnotseethecloth.Anyone/Anybodywhobreakstherulesispunished.Onewhodoesn’tworkhardwillneverbehappy.2)Hewho……用于諺語、格言中(要求背誦)HewhohasneverbeentotheGreatWallisnotatrueman.不到長城非好漢Hewhoplayswithfiregetsburnt.玩火者必自焚Hewhomakesnomistakesmakesnothing.不犯錯誤的人一事無成Helaughsbestwholaughslast.誰笑到最后，誰笑得最好.Hewhohesitatesislost.當斷不斷,必受其亂3)在非限制性定語從句中CharlieChaplin,whodiedin1977,isconsideredoneofthegreatestandfunniestactorsinthehistoryofthecinema.4)在分隔定語從句中AnewteacherwillcometomorrowwhowillteachyouGerman.教你們德語的老師明天來5)一個句子帶有兩個定語從句，一個用who，另一個用that.Thestudentwhowaspraisedatthemeetingisthemonitorthatisverymodestandstudiesveryhard.在會上受到表揚的那個學(xué)生是班長，他謙虛好學(xué)2.在下列情況下,通常用that,而不用who1)先行詞前面有thefirst,thelast,theonly或thesame等所修飾時Sheisthelastman________Iwanttosee.她是我最不愿意見到的人Sheistheonlyperson_________understandsme.Sheisthesameteacher________waspraisedtheotherday.2)主句是以who或which開頭的特殊疑問句時Who______hascommonsensewilldosuchathing?Whichoneofus________knowssomethingaboutphysicsdoesnotknowthis?3.先行詞是物，在定語從句中作主語或賓語時，一般用which或that都可以。但在下列情況下,通常用that，而不用which.。.先行詞被形容詞最高級或者序數(shù)詞所修飾時，Thisisthebestarticlethathasbeenwrittenonthesubject..當先行詞是all,any,anything,nothing,everything,much,little等時，Ihavedoneall_______youtoldmeto.Isthereanything_______Icandoforyou?Thisbookcontainsmuch/little_______isuseful.3).當先行詞被all,any,thevery,theonly,thelast等修飾時，通常用that.Allthebooks_____havebeenselectedareusefulones.Isthereanyquestion________troublesyoumuch?Cornwasnottheonlyfood________wastakentoEurope.4).主句是which開頭的特殊疑問句時，通常用that.Whichofthebooks_______youhavereadisthemostinstructive?4.在下列情況下，通常用which，而不用that.1)介詞的賓語Hepaidtheboy10dollarsforwashingtenwindows,mostofwhichhadnotbeencleanedforyears.2)在非限制性定語從句中，代表前面的名詞或整個句子OneoftheCharlieChaplin’smostfamousfilmswas“TheGoldRush”,_____wasmadein1925.CarolsaidtheworkwouldbedonebyOctober,_______personallyIdoubtverymuch.Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,_____wasmorethanwecouldexpect.5.當先行詞在定語從句中作主語時，關(guān)系代詞通常不能省略。但是，當定語從句是therebe結(jié)構(gòu)時，可以省略。Wemustmakefulluseofthetime(that)thereislefttousanddoasmuchasIcanforthepeople.我要充分利用我剩下的歲月盡量為人民多做些事Thisisthefastesttrain(that)thereistoNanjing.這是到南京的最快的一班車6.注意下列兩種句式的定語從句：1)Itis(high/about)time(that)…過去式2)It/This/Thatis/willbethefirst/second/third…time(that)…從句用現(xiàn)在完成時It/This/Thatwasthefirst/second/third…time(that)…從句的時態(tài)用過去完成時ItistimewewenttobedItisthefirsttimethathehascometomeetmeatthestation.ItwillbethesecondtimethatIhavebeenthere.ItwasthefirsttimethathehadpassedtheexaminationinEnglish.7.注意避免出現(xiàn)以下幾種情況：1)Thestorybook(which/that)Ihavejustreaditcannotbeeasilyforgotten.2)HertwodaughterswhoarestudyinginBeijing.3)Pricesofdailygoodsareboughtthroughacomputercanbelowerthanstoreprices.4)Isthismuseumtheyvisitedlastweek?5)WealllikeHarrybecauseheisamanwhomeverybodythinksispleasanttogetalongwith.將whom改為who.everybodythinks是插入語。Hemadeanotherwonderfuldiscovery,whichIthinkisofgreatimportancetoscience.二當先行詞在定語從句中作定語時：指人whoseofwhom指物ofwhich1)Theystudyinaclassroomwhosewindows(thewindowsofwhich/ofwhichthewindows)arebroken2)Doyouknowthemanwhosehouse(thehouseofwhom/ofwhomthehouse)wasburneddown?2.“介詞+whose+賓語”引導(dǎo)的定語從句。1)Thebossin________departmentMr.Kingworkedcalledatthehospital.2)Theengineer,from______doctorweknowallthetruth,wasputinawomen’sroom.3)Thedoctor,with______helpthesickchildwassaved,isverykindtoherpatients.3在下列情況下，只能用ofwhom,ofwhich.而不用whose引導(dǎo)定語從句。1).定語從句的主語是some,most,many,few,much,little等時.About200people,manyofwhomwereEuropeans,workedontheproject.Thoseforeignengineers,mostofwhomhaveneverbeentoChinabefore,areenjoyingtheirworkhere.Theygavememuchink,littleofwhichisred.2).定語從句的主語是all,none,both,neither,each等時Shehastwosons,bothofwhomarePLAmen.Hegaveusmanybooks,noneofwhichwasinteresting.3).定語從句的主語是數(shù)詞時InBarcelonatheChineseteamgot16goldmedals,12ofwhich/ofwhich12werewonbywomen.Thereareforty-fivestudentsinourclass,twothirdsofwhomaregirls.4).在定語從句中作表語的定語時Look!Therecomealotofstudents,ofwhomLucyisone.ThestoriesabouttheLongMarch,ofwhichthisisoneexample,arewellwritten.三當先行詞在定語從句中作狀語時：狀語時間狀語When地點狀語Where原因狀語Why方式狀語inwhich;that;/1).Mygirlfriendtoldmethedayonwhich/whenshewasborn.2)Thebookstoreinwhich/wherehissisterworksisthelargestoneinNanjing.3).Thereasonforwhich/whyI’mwritingtoyouistotellyouaboutapartyonSaturday.4).Idon’tliketheway(inwhich/that)youspeaktoher.注意：1.when/where=at/in/onwhich等why=forwhich.2.原因狀語其先行詞通常是reason，方式狀語其先行詞通常是way3.當先行詞是situation,point,case,conditions等相當于underwhich,inwhich等。表示“在什么情況下，從……中”，用where連接。Hehasgothimselfintoadangeroussituation________hehasnocontrol.Thenewly-marriedcouplequarreledsomuchthattheyreachedthepoint_________theyhadtoseparatefromeachother.這對新婚夫婦吵架吵得這么兇，以至于到了不得不分手的地步wehadtofacetheconditions_______pressurewasheavy.我們必須面對壓力很大的情況1.Asachild,Jackstudiedinavillageschool,____isnamedafterhisgrandfather.A.whichB.whereC.whatD.that2.Irefusetoaccepttheblameforsomething_____wassomeoneelse’sfault.A.whoB.thatC.asD.what3.Childrenwhoarenotactiveor___dietishighinfatwillgainweightquickly.A.whatB.whoseC.whichD.that.4.Aftergraduatingfromcollege,Itooksometimeofftogotraveling,____turnedouttobeawisedecision.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.where5.Thenewlybuiltcafé,thewallsof___arepaintedlightgreen,isreallyapeacefulplaceforus,speciallyafterthework.A.thatB.itC.whatD.which6.Ihavebecomegoodfriendswithseveralofthestudentsinmyschool____ImetintheEnglishspeechcontestlastyear.A.whoB.whereC.whichD.whose7.Thegirlarrangedtohavepianolessonsatthetrainingcenterwithhersister____shewouldstayforanhour.A.whereB.whoC.whichD.what8.Hawkingbelievesthattheearthisunlikelytobetheonlyplanet____lifehasdevelopedgradually.A.thatB.whereC.whichD.whose9.InChina,thenumberofcitiesisincreasing____developmentisrecognizedacrosstheworld.A.whereB.whichC.whoseD.that10.Thesettlementishometonearly1000people,manyof____lefttheirhomesforbetterlifeinthecity.A.whomB.whichC.themD.those11.That’sthenewmachine______partsaretoosmalltobeseen.A.thatB.whichC,whoseD.that12.TheoldtempleA.whereB.whichC.itsD.whose13.----CanyoubelieveIhadtopay30dollarsforahaircut?----Youshouldtrythebarber’s____Igo.It’sonly15.asB.whichC.whereD.that14.Wehaven’tdiscussedyet______wearegoingtoplaceournewfurniture.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.where15.----Haveyoufinishedthebook?-----No.Ihavereadupto_____thechildrendiscoverthesecretcave.whichB.whatC.thatD.where16.Iwanttobelikedandlovedfor____Iaminside.A.whoB.whereC.whatD.how17.PartofthereasonsDickenslovedhisownnovel,DavidCopperfield,was____itwasrathercloselymodeledonhisownlife.A.whatB.thatC,whyD.whether18.___somepeopleregardsasadrawbackisseenasaplusbymanyothers.

A.whetherB.whatC.thatD.how19.Howmuchoneenjoyshimselftravelingdependslargelyon____hegoeswith,whetherhisfriendsorrelatives.A.whatB.whoC.howD.why20.---IprefershuttingmyselfinandlisteningtomusicalldayonSundays.----That’s____Idon’tagree.Youshouldhaveamoreactivelife.whereB.howC.whenD.what21.Cindyshutthedoorheavilyandburstintotears.Nooneontheofficeknew____shewassoangry.A.whereB.whetherC.thatD.why22.Weshouldrespectfoodandthinkaboutthepeoplewhodon’thave___wehavehereandtreatfoodnicely.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.whether23.Teachersrecommendparents____theirchildrenunder12toridebiketoschoolforsafety.A.notallowB.donotallowC.mustnotallowD.couldnotallow24.Toimprovethequalityofourproducts,weaskedforsuggestions____hadusedtheproducts.A.whoeverB.whoC.whicheverD.which25.Itisuncertain____sideeffectthemedicinewillbringabout,althoughabout2000patientshaveta