北師大版高中英語必修三第9講：Unit9-Wheels-語法篇(教師版)

Unit9Wheels語法篇____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________掌握過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法。2、掌握現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別。一.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)1.構(gòu)成：現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)由“have/hasbeen+動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成，第三人稱單數(shù)用has，其他各種人稱用have。2.用法：=1\*GB3①表示動(dòng)作從過去某時(shí)開始并且一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并由可能持續(xù)下去。這個(gè)動(dòng)作可能剛停止，也可能仍繼續(xù)進(jìn)行下去，常與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用，并常帶有表示動(dòng)作起訖時(shí)間的狀語，如sincelastweek,since1992等或由since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句；也可以帶有時(shí)間表示時(shí)間長度的狀語，如foranhour,forafewdays,thesedays等。IhavebeenwatchingTVthewholeevening.我整個(gè)晚上一直在看電視。Tomhasbeenworkinghardsincethenewtermbegan.自從新學(xué)期開始，湯姆一直在努力學(xué)習(xí)。=2\*GB3②表示到目前為止的一段時(shí)間內(nèi)動(dòng)作時(shí)斷時(shí)續(xù)、反復(fù)發(fā)生。Youhavebeentellingmenottobelatealltheway.一路上你反復(fù)告訴我不要遲到。=3\*GB3③表示動(dòng)作剛剛結(jié)束，一般不再繼續(xù)，有時(shí)會(huì)指出結(jié)果。Ihavebeenplayingping-pongallthemorning,soI'msweating.整個(gè)上午我一直在打乒乓球，所以渾身是汗。I'vebeenpaintingthedoor,somyhandsaredirty.我一直在漆門，所以手很臟。=4\*GB3④表示某種感情色彩。Youhavebeendeceivingme.你一直在騙我。誤區(qū)警示：=1\*GB3①某些不能用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的動(dòng)詞同樣不能用于現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，但可以用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，如：see,hear,know,like等。=2\*GB3②現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)多用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞=3\*GB3③瞬間性動(dòng)詞（詞組）go,getup,come,marry,finish等不能用于現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。二.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)是兼有現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)二者基本特點(diǎn)的時(shí)態(tài)。由于它有現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的特點(diǎn)，所以它可以表示某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果或影響，由于它由現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的特點(diǎn)，所以它也可以表示某一動(dòng)作的延續(xù)性、臨時(shí)性、重復(fù)性、生動(dòng)性乃至感情色彩?，F(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別如下：時(shí)態(tài)基本語法功能動(dòng)作的反復(fù)感情色彩現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的持續(xù)可表示動(dòng)作的反復(fù)可表示強(qiáng)烈的感情色彩現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響或產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果不表示動(dòng)作的反復(fù)一般不表示感情色彩試比較：=1\*GB3①Hehaswrittenaletter.他寫了一封信。（信已寫好）Hehasbeenwritingaletter.他一直在寫一封信。（一直在寫信，尚未寫好）=2\*GB3②Haveyoumethimrecently?你最近見過他嗎？（不表示反復(fù)）Haveyoubeenmeetinghimrecently?你最近常和他見面嗎？（表示反復(fù)）=3\*GB3③Ihavewaitedforyoufortwohours.我等了你兩個(gè)小時(shí)。（表示事實(shí)）Ihavebeenwaitingforyoufortwohours.我一直等了你兩個(gè)小時(shí)。（表示不滿）例1.Themanager_____theworkershowtoimprovetheprogramsince9am.A.hastoldB.istellingC.hasbeentellingD.willhavetold解析：句意：經(jīng)理從上午十點(diǎn)開始就一直在告訴工人們?nèi)绾胃纳七@個(gè)項(xiàng)目。考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。本題的關(guān)鍵信息詞是“since9am”。since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語多與完成時(shí)連用，而且此句強(qiáng)調(diào)從上午九點(diǎn)開始到現(xiàn)在，經(jīng)理“一直”在說，符合現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的語法規(guī)則。答案：C。例2.Thegirlhasagreatinterestinsportand_____badmintonclassestwiceaweekoverthelastthreeyears.A.tookB.istakingC.takesD.hasbeentaking解析：句意：這個(gè)女生酷愛運(yùn)動(dòng)，在過去的三年里每周上兩次羽毛球課?？疾閯?dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。overthelastthreeyears表示“在過去的三年里”，常與現(xiàn)在完成（進(jìn)行）時(shí)連用，強(qiáng)調(diào)反復(fù)的不間斷動(dòng)作。答案：D。例3.---Irememberyouwereatalentedpianistatcollege.Canyouplaythepianoforme?---Sorry,I____thepianoforyears.don'tplaywasn'tplayinghaven'tplayedhadn'tplayed解析：句意：---我記得你上大學(xué)時(shí)是個(gè)有才華的鋼琴家。你能為我彈奏鋼琴嗎？---抱歉，我已經(jīng)很多年沒有彈鋼琴了。考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)答語中的時(shí)間張宇foryears可知，此處應(yīng)該是使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。答案：C。例4.WhenIfirstmetBryanIdidn'tlikehim,butI____mymind.havechangedchangehadchangedwouldchange解析：句意：當(dāng)我第一次見到布萊恩的時(shí)候，我不喜歡他。但是，我已經(jīng)改變主意了?？疾閯?dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)句意可知，說話人已經(jīng)改變主意了，因此應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。答案：A。例5.Tom____inthelibraryeverynightoverthelastthreemonths.A.worksB.workedC.hasbeenworkingD.hadbeenworking解析：句意：在過去的三個(gè)月內(nèi)，湯姆每天晚上都在圖書館工作?？疾閯?dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。overthelastthreemonths在過去的三個(gè)月內(nèi)可知是到現(xiàn)在為止“一直”在圖書館工作，因此用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。答案：C。例6.（2015福建高考）---WhereisPeter?Ican'tfindhimanywhere.---Hewenttothelibraryafterbreakfastand____hisessaythereeversince.A.wroteB.hadwrittenC.hasbeenwritingD.iswriting解析：句意：---彼得在哪兒？我到處找不到他。---他早飯后去圖書館了，并且從那時(shí)起一直在那兒寫文章?？疾閯?dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。由eversince可知，彼得從早飯后一直在圖書館寫文章（說話時(shí)應(yīng)該仍然在寫），故用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示動(dòng)作從過去持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并且可能持續(xù)下去。答案：C。例7.（2014江西高考）---Tony,whyareyoureyesred?---I____uppeppersforthelastfiveminutes.A.cutB.wascuttingC.hadcutD.havebeencutting解析：句意：---托尼，為什么你的眼睛發(fā)紅？---在過去的5分鐘里我一直在切辣椒。根據(jù)forthelastfiveminutes可知，此處應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。此題易誤選C，誤以為動(dòng)作是過去的過去發(fā)生的，其實(shí)此句是表達(dá)過去剛剛完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的直接影響。答案：D。例8.（2014湖南高考）Sincethetimehumankindstartedgardening,we____tomakeourenvironmentmorebeautiful.A.tryB.havebeentryingC.aretryingD.willtry解析：句意：自從人類開始園藝技術(shù)的時(shí)候起，我們就一直在努力讓我們的環(huán)境變得更加美麗。考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)從句sincethetime...可知，主句應(yīng)該使用完成時(shí)，而“讓我們的環(huán)境變得更加美麗”這一動(dòng)作一直在進(jìn)行，所以用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。答案：B。基礎(chǔ)演練一.用括號(hào)里所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.Youknow,I(look)forajobforthreemonths,andthisismyfirstformalinterview.2.Thelittleboyisdirtyalloverbecausehe(play)inthemudallthemorning.3.He(read)inthelibraryoutsinceitopenedthismorning.4.Hereheis!We(wait)anxiouslyforhimsincelastnight.5.Shehas(live)hereeversinceshewasten.6.Bothofthem(be)inHongKongfortendays.7.Bothofthem(come)toHongKongtendaysago.Keys：1.havebeenlooking;2.hasbeenplaying;3.hasbeenreading;4.havebeenwaiting;5.lived/beenliving;6.havebeen;7.came二.單項(xiàng)選擇。1.Inordertofindthemissingchild,villagers______alltheycanoverthepastfivehours.A.did B.do C.haddone D.havebeendoing2.Shewassurprisedtofindthefridgeempty;thechildren______everything!A.hadbeeneating B.hadeaten C.haveeaten D.havebeeneating3.WhenAlicecametolife,shedidn'tknowhowlongshe______there.A.hadbeenlying B.hasbeenlying C.waylying D.haslain4.IhavetoseethedoctorbecauseI______alotlately.A.havebeencoughing B.hadcoughedC.coughed D.cough5.---Hello,Ididn'tknowyouwereinAmerica.Howlong______here?---Aboutoneyear.A.haveyoubeen B.are C.were D.hadyoubeen6.Mybrotherisanactor.He______inseveralfilmssofar.A.appears B.appeared C.hasappeared D.isappearing7.Thetelephone______fourtimesinthelasthour,andeachtimeit______formyroommate.A.hasrung;was B.hasbeenringing;wasC.hadrung;was D.rang;hasbeen8.---Howisyourgrandfather?---Mygrandfather______fortwoyears.A.died B.hasdied C.hadbeendied D.hasbeendeadKeys：1-8DBAAACAD鞏固提高一.用括號(hào)里所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.Halfanhour______(pass)sincethetrain______(leave).2.Mary______(lose)herpen.______you______(see)ithereandthere?3.______you______(find)yourwatchyet?4.---Areyouthirsty?---No,I______just______(have)someorange.5.We______already______(return)thebook.6.______they______(build)anewschoolinthevillage.7.I______(notfinish)myhomework.Canyouhelpme?Keys：1.haspassed;left;2.haslost;Have;seen;3.Have;found;4.have;had;5.have;returned6.Have;built;7.haven'tfinished二.單項(xiàng)選擇。1.---We'vespenttoomuchmoneyrecently.---Well,itisn'tsurprising.Ourfriendsandrelatives______aroundallthetime.A.arecoming B.hadcome C.werecoming D.havebeencoming2.Overthepastdecades,seaice______intheArcticasaresultofglobalwarming.A.haddecreased B.decreased C.hasbeendecreasing D.isdecreasing3.Pleasestoptohavearest.You______thewashingmachinethewholemorning.A.haverepaired B.wererepairing C.havebeenrepaired D.havebeenrepairing4.He______articlesforfournewspaperthesethreeyears,andhe______aboutfortyarticles.A.hasbeenwriting;haswritten B.iswriting;wroteC.iswriting;hasbeenwriting D.haswritten;haswritten5.Nowthatsheisoutofajob,Lucy______goingbacktoschool,butshehasn'tdecidedyet.A.hadconsidered B.hasbeenconsideringC.considered D.isgoingtoconsider6.---WouldyouliketogotoShanghai?---Yes.Inthelasttenyears,greatchanges______inShanghai.A.havebeenhappened B.havehappenedC.havetakenplace D.havebeentakenplace7.Thehousingprices______,butIdoubtwhethertheywillremainso.A.wentdown B.willgodownC.havegonedown D.weregoingdown8.Whenyouarehome,giveacalltoletmeknowyou______safely.A.arearriving B.havearrived C.hadarrived D.willarrive9.（2015北京高考）Inthelastfewyears,China______greatachievementsinenvironmentalprotection.A.hasmade B.hadmade C.wasmaking D.ismaking10.（2015陜西高考）Marty______reallyhardonhisbookandhethinkshe'llhavefinisheditbyFriday.A.worked B.hasbeenworking C.hadworked D.hasworkedKeys：1-10DCDABCCBAB一.改錯(cuò)題。1.Alltheseyearstheyarecontributingarticlestoourmagazine.2.Ihavebeendrinkingfivecupsofcoffeethisafternoon.3.WhathaveyoubeendoingbeforeyouleftOxford?4.It'sagoodjob.Haveyoudoneitallbyyourself?5.It'salongtimesinceyoucometoseeme.6.Alicedidn'tseemuchofHenrylately.7.I'mgladtotellyouthatyoupassedtheexam.Keys：1.are→havebeen;2.havebeendrinking→havedrunk;3.have→had;4.Haveyoudone→Didyoudo;5.come→came;6.didn'tseen→hasn'tseen;7.passed→havepassed二.單項(xiàng)選擇。1.---I'msureAndrewwillwinthefirstprizeinthefinal.---Ithinkso.He________foritformonths.A.ispreparing B.waspreparingC.hadbeenpreparing D.hasbeenpreparing2.Bythetimeherealizeshe________intoatrap,it'llbetoolateforhimtodoanythingaboutit.A.walks B.walked C.haswalked D.hadwalked3.Sofarthisyearwe_______afallinhousepricesbybetween5and10percent.A.saw B.see C.hadseen D.haveseen4.CathyistakingnotesofthegrammaticalrulesinclassatSunshineSchool,whereshe_______Englishforayear.A.studies B.studied C.isstudying D.hasbeenstudying5.Danny________hardforlongtorealizehisdreamandnowheispopular.A.works B.isworking C.hasworked D.hadworked6.---Ihavegotaheadache.---Nowonder.You_________infrontofthatcomputertoolong.A.work B.areworking C.havebeenworking D.worked7.Theunemploymentrateinthisdistrict_________from6%to5%inthepasttwoyears.A.hasfallen B.hadfallen C.isfalling D.wasfalling8.Nowthatsheisoutofjob,Lucy_______goingbacktoschool，butshehasn'tdecidedyet.A.hadconsidered B.hasbeenconsideringC.considered D.isgoingtoconsider9.---_______you_______himaroundthemuseumyet?---Yes.Wehadagreattimethere.A.Have;shown B.Do;show C.Had;shown D.Did;show10.---Hi,Tracy,youlookpale.---Iamtired.I_______thelivingroomallday.A.painted B.hadpaintedC.havebeenpainting D.havepaintedKeys:1-10DCDDCCABAC__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________一、單項(xiàng)選擇。1.---Inmyopinion,thisEnglishTVplaycanhelpstudentstolearnnewwords.---_______,Ithinkit'stoohardtounderstand.A.Idon'tagree. B.WhynotC.Ican'tagreemore D.Sorry,I'mnotsure2.Afterdinner,shegaveMr.Smith______rideto______RedBridgeAirportwherehewouldstarthisfive-dayholiday.A.a;a B.a;/ C./;the D.the;a3.I_______alongthestreetlookingforaplacetoparkwhentheaccident_______.A.went;wasoccurring B.went;occurredC.wasgoing;occurred D.wasgoing;hadoccurred4.AsEnglishisgettingmoreandmoredifficulttolearn,mysonhas_______Englishnow.A.turnedon B.turnedoff C.turnedup D.turneddown5.Thetreatmentwillcontinueuntilthepatientreachesthepoint_______hecanwalkbyhimself.A.when B.which C.whose D.where6.Althoughthevalueofthepoundhasbeenfallingrecently,Britaincanstill_______withthehelpfromothercountries.A.pullthrough B.gothrough C.putthrough D.letthrough7._______totheleft,andyouwillfindthepath_______tothepark.A.Turn;leading B.Turned;toleadC.Havingturned;led D.Turning;leading8.---Justinkickedtheballintohisowngoal.---Thankstohisstupidityandwegot_______aswehadexpected.A.twicescoresasmany B.astwicemanyscoresC.twiceasscoresmany D.manytwiceasscores9._______thereissomethingelsetodiscuss,I'lldeclarethemeetingclosed.A.As B.While C.Since D.Unless10.---Thefactorywas_______firelastnight.---Someonemusthavesetfire_______it.A.on;with B.on,on C.on,to D.with,tokeys：1-10ABCBDAAADC二.書面表達(dá)。 最近，你校同學(xué)參加了一場(chǎng)辯論。辯題是：中學(xué)生要不要參加社會(huì)實(shí)踐？請(qǐng)你根據(jù)下表所提供的信息，給報(bào)社寫一篇短文，客觀地介紹辯論情況。題目已經(jīng)給出。注意：1).詞數(shù)：100左右。2).參考詞匯：辯論—debate正方—thepros反方—theconsAHeatedDebate