商務(wù)英語中級模擬38

［模擬］商務(wù)英語中級模擬38

READINGPARTONE,Lookatthestatementsbelowandthe

informationonoutdooradvertisingontheopposite

page.,Whichsection(A,B,C,orD)doeseachstatement

1—7,referto?,Foreachstatement1-7,markone

letter(A,B,C,orD)onyourAnswerSheet.,Youwill

needtousesomeoftheselettersmorethanonce.

A

LDA

SchoolofManagement

LDAhastheadvantageofbeingwithinafewhours，driveofthehi-tech

industriesofSiliconValley,whichenablesseniorpersonnelfromhi-tech

companiestoteachthere.Theschoolhasprosperedinrecentyearsand

offersitsstudentsexcellentfacilities.Itattractsstudentsfromall

overtheworldandhasafairlylargeintakeof30,000studentsayear.

B

DalchesterSchoolofBusiness

UndertheleadershipofJonRichards,Dalchesterhaslongbeenone

oftheworld，stopbusinessschools.Itisnotablystrongonits

tailor-madeexecutiveprogrammes,whicharewrittentomeeteach

company，sparticularrequirements.TheSinclairCentre,withnewlecture

roomsandacomputercentre,hasjustbeenaddedtotheschool.

C

RadbridgeSchoolofManagement

Thereputationofthelong-establishedRSMhasbeenstrengthenedin

recentyears.ThisismainlyduetotheappointmentofDirectorKimTaylor,

who,withhisprogrammeofmodernisation,hasledtheschoolintotheage

ofInformationTechnology.Itsnetworkofformerstudentsremainssecond

tonone,withmanyhavingtoppositionsintheworldoffinanceand

industry.

D

IBAManagementSchool

ThisSwiss-basedschoolhasbuiltitsreputationonthequalityand

extentofitslinkswithmanufacturingandfinancialinstitutions.Its

lecturers,whohavebeenrecruitedfrommanydifferentcountries,are

1

extremelywellthoughtofinthebusinessworld.Studentnumbersaverage

25,000ayear.Manyselecttheschoolbecauseitslinkswithindustryare

thoughttohelpwithemploymentprospects.

第1題：

Itcanoffercoursesthataredesignedfortheneedsofspecificcompanies.

參考答案：

B

詳細(xì)解答：

第2題：

Ithasbeenbroughtuptodatebyitsnewmanagement.

參考答案：

C

詳細(xì)解答：

第3題：

Manystudentschooseitbecauseitscontactswithindustrymayhelpthem

getwork.______________

參考答案：

D

詳細(xì)解答：

第4題：

Itisinagoodlocationforattractingsuitablestaff,

參考答案：

A

詳細(xì)解答：

第5題：

Manyofitsstudentshavegainedinfluentialpositionsinthebusiness

world.______________

2

參考答案：

C

詳細(xì)解答：

第6題：

Itspremiseshaverecentlybeenexpanded.

參考答案：

B

詳細(xì)解答：

第7題：

Ithashighlyrespectedinternationalstaff.

參考答案:

D

詳細(xì)解答:

PARTTWO?Readthearticlebelowabout

banks.,Choosethebestsentencefromtheoppositepage

tofilleachofthegaps.,Foreachgap8—12,markone

letter(A—G)onyourAnswerSheet.,Donotuseany

lettermorethanonce.

THECUSTOMERMAYNOTRINGTWICE

Companiesspendlargesumsofmoneyontheirtelephonesystems,but

thenusethemtocreatethewrongimage,accordingtoBenLambert,

InternationalPerformanceManageratacompanycalledOctopus.Heclaims

thatmanycompanieshaveanaverageresponsetimeof17secondsSome

cantakeaslongas24secondstoanswerthephone.’Atonetimeyouhad

todialthenumberandwaitfortheexchangeoranoperatortoconnect

you.Youwereawarethatitwasprobablygoingtotaketimeandifno-one

pickedupthephoneyouwouldprobablyhangonfor20rings,'hesays.

'Nowyoubanginthenumbersandthephoneringsattheotherendalmost

beforeyouhavefinished._8_Unlessitisvitaltogetthrough,youare

rarelypreparedtowaitaslongas24seconds.Infact,theaverage

3

responsetimeshouldbefivetotenseconds.’

Telephonistsareoneofthemaininterfaceswiththepublicand

customers.Theygivethefirstimpressionofthecompanyandbydefinition

yougetonlyonechancetomakeafirstimpression.Thefacilitiesmanager

shouldknowthefastestresponsetimetothetelephone,theslowest

responsetimeandtheaverageresponsetime.MrLambertpointstoa

televisionadvertisementbyaleadingbankthatpromisedananswerwithin

fourrings._9_'Banksaretryingtopromotethemselvesasservice

providersandthisadvertisementgaveaverypowerfulmessage,，saysMr

Lambert.

Octopusestimatesthattelecommunicationsisthemostexpensive

supportserviceinoffices,costingonaverage￡1,000peremployeeeach

year.10_Giventhechangesoverthepasttenyears,thecostof

communicatingislikelytocontinuetorise.In1986,thetypicaloffice

workerhadjustasimplepush-button,orevendialling,handset.Nowthe

traditionaldesk-basedtelephonealsohasvoicemailanddirectdialling

andthestaffmemberreliesincreasinglyonemail,paging,video-

conferencing,on-linebusinessseducesandmobilephones.MrLambertsays,

'Suchistheimportanceofallthistoregionsandeconomiesgenerally

thatcitiesareincreasinglylookingoncommunicationsasthekey

infrastructureissue._11_Theyarebecomingasimportant,ifnotmore

so,thanphysicalcommunications.JTelephonycansometimesgettoo

sophisticated,though.SomeAmericancompanies,forexample,arerefusing

toinstallautomaticansweringsystemsthattellcallerstodialextension

numbers._12_Thisgivestheoppositeimpressiontotheonethat

companieswouldliketoproject.

[A]Thiswasaverysimplestrategythatcreatedanewperformance

measure.

[B]Consideringthecostoffacilities,bettersystemsareout

ofthequestion.

[C]Youexpectanequallyquickresponse.

[D]Atlanta,forexample,usedtheOlympicgamesasanopportunity

tobecomeoneofthebestplacesintheworldformultimedia

communications.

[E]Inmanycasestheseareleftonalldayandthecallerispassed

automaticallyfromoneofficetoanother.

[F]Itissecondonlytowageswithintheaveragecompanybudget.

[G]Heclaimsthatmanycompanieshaveanaverageresponsetime

of17secondsforincomingcalls.

第8題：

參考答案:

C

4

詳細(xì)解答：

第9題：

參考答案：

A

詳細(xì)解答：

第10題：

參考答案：

F

詳細(xì)解答：

第H題：

參考答案：

D

詳細(xì)解答：

第12題:

參考答案：

E

詳細(xì)解答：

PARTTHREE,Readthearticlebelowabouteffectsof

taxation,andthequestionsontheoppositepage.,For

eachquestion13-18,markoneletter(A,B,C,orD)onyour

AnswerSheetfortheansweryouchoose.

TheDifficultiesOfManagingASmallBusiness

RonaldMeersaskswhochief

executivesofentrepreneurialor

smallbusinessescanturnto

5

foradvice.

'Theorganisationalweaknessesthatentrepreneurshavetodealwith

everydaywouldcausethemanagersofamaturecompanytopanic,'Andrew

BiddenwroterecentlyinBostonBusinessReview.Thisseemstosuggest

thattheleadersofentrepreneurialorsmallbusinessesmustbeunlike

othermanagers,ortheproblemsfacedbysuchleadersmustbethesubject

ofaspecialisedbodyofwisdom,orpossiblyboth.Unfortunately,neither

istrue.Notmuchworthreadingaboutmanagingtheentrepreneurialor

smallbusinesshasbeenwritten,andtheleadersofsuchbusinessesare

madeoffleshandblood,liketherestofus.

Furthermore,littlehasbeendonetoaddresstheaspectsof

entrepreneurialorsmallbusinessesthataresodifficulttodealwith

andsodifferentfromthechallengesfacedbymanagementinbigbusiness.

Inpartthisisbecausethoseinvolvedingatheringexpertiseabout

businessandinsellingadvicetobusinesseshavehistoricallybeenmore

interestedintheneedsofbigbusiness.Inpart,intheUKatleast,it

isalsobecausesmallbusinesseshavealwayspreferredtoadaptto

changingcircumstances.

Theorganisationalproblemsofentrepreneurialorsmallbusinesses

arethusforcedupontheindividualswholeadthem.Evenmoresothanfor

biggerbusinesses,theoldsayingistrue-thatpeople,particularly

thosewhomaketheimportantdecisions,areabusiness，smostimportant

asset.Theresearchthatdoesexistshowsthatneithermoneynorthe

abilitytoaccessmoreofitisthemajorfactordetermininggrowth.The

mainreasonanentrepreneurialbusinessstopsgrowingisthelackof

managementandleadershipresourceavailabletothebusinesswhenit

matters.Giveanentrepreneuranexperienced,skilledteamandheorshe

willfindthefundseverytime.Gettingtheteam,though,isthedifficult

bit.

Partoftheproblemforentrepreneursisthespeedofchangethat

affectstheirbusinesses.Theyhavetocopewithcontinuouschangeyet

havealwaysbeensuspiciousaboutthelatestJmanagementsolution’.They

regardthemanyofferingsfrombusinessschoolsasoutofdateevenbefore

theyleavetheplanningboardandhavelittlefaithintherecommendations

ofconsultantswhentheyarriveinthehandsofyoung,inexperienced

graduates.Butsuchimpatiencewith，managementsolutions，doesnotmean

thatproblemscanbelefttosolvethemselves.However,theleadersof

growingbusinessesarestillleftwiththeproblemofwhototurntofor

advice.

Theanswerishorriblysimple:leadersofsmallbusinessescanask

eachother.Thecollectiveknowledgeofagroupofleaderscanprove

enormouslyhelpfulinsolvingthespecificproblemsofindividuals.One

leader'sproblemshavecertainlybeensolvedalreadybysomeoneelse.

ThereisanorganisationcalledKITEwhichenablesthoseresponsiblefor

6

smallbusinessestomeet.Itsmembers,allofwhomarechiefexecutives,

gothroughademandingselectionprocess,andthenjoinasmallgroupof

otherchiefexecutives.Theycomefromarangeofbusinesssectorsand

eachoffersadifferentcorporatehistoryEachgroupisledbya

'moderator，,anindependentlyselectedbusinessmanorwomanwhohasbeen

speciallytrainedtoheadthegroup.Eachmembertakesitinturntuhost

ameetingathisorherbusinesspremisesand,mostimportantofall,group

discussionsarekeptstrictlyconfidential.Thisencouragesafree

sharingofproblemsandincreasesthepossibilityofsolutionsbeing

discovered.

第13題：

Whatdoesthewritersayaboutentrepreneursinthefirstparagraph?

A.Itiswrongtoassumethattheyaredifferentfromothermanagers.

B.Theproblemstheyhavetocopewitharespecifictosmallbusinesses,

C.Theyfinditdifficulttoattractstaffwithsufficientexpertise.

D.Theycouldlearnfromtheorganisationalskillsofmanagersinlarge

companies.

參考答案：A

答案解析：

第14

Accordingtothesecondparagraph,whathasledtoalackofsupportfor

entrepreneurs?

A.Entrepreneurshavealwayspreferredtoactindependently,

B.Therequirementsofbigbusinesseshavealwaystakenpriority.

C.itisdifficulttofindsolutionstotheproblemsfacedby

entrepreneurs.

D.Entrepreneursarereluctanttoprovideinformationabouttheir

businesses.

參考答案：B

答案解析：

第15題:

Whatdoesthewritersayabouttheexpansionofsmallbusinesses?

A.Manysmallbusinessesdonotproduceenoughprofitstofinance

growth.

B.Manyemployeesinsmallbusinesseshaveproblemsworkingaspart

ofateam.

C.Beingabletorecruittherightpeopleisthemostimportantfactor

affectinggrowth.

7

D.Leadersofsmallbusinesseslacktheexperiencetomaketheir

companiesasuccess,

參考答案：C

答案解析：

第16題：

Whatdoesthewritersayisanadditionalproblemforentrepreneursin

thefourthparagraph?

A.Theyrelyonmanagementsystemsthatareoutofdate,

B.Theywillnotadoptmeasuresthatprovidelong-termsolutions.

C.Theyhavelittleconfidenceinthebusinessadvicethatis

available.

D.Theydonottakemarketchangesintoaccountwhendrawingupbusiness

plans.

參考答案：C

答案解析：

第17題：

WhatdoesthewritersaythemembersoftheKITEorganisationprovide?

A.Adviceonhowtoselectsuitablestaff.

B.Ameansofcontactingpotentialclients.

C.Asimplechecklistforanalysingproblems.

D.Directexperienceofanumberofindustries.

參考答案：D

答案解析：

第18題:

ThewritersaysthatKITEgroupsarelikelytosucceedbecause

A.membersareabletoelecttheirleader.

B.theleadershavereceivedextensivetraining.

C.membersareencouragedtoadoptacriticalapproach.

D.informationisnotpassedontonon-members.

參考答案：D

答案解析：

8

PARTFOUR,Readthenewsbelow.,Choosethebest

wordorphrasetofilleachgapfromA,B,C,orDontheopposite

page.,Foreachquestion19—33,markoneletter(A,B,

C,orD)onyourAnswerSheet.

In1998,25-yearoldJohnStewartwasfoundredundant.Hewasleft

withacompensation_19_of￡5,000andadeterminationtobehis

own_20_Asasupporterofhislocalfootballclub,hehadoftenhelped

thembymaintainingandrepairingtheirseating.Henow_21_tosetup

hisowncompanyandmakea_22_outofhishobby.

Hisfirst23wastoget1,000brochuresprinted,_24_thetwomain

serviceswhichhecould_25_repairandmaintenance.Hesentthese

brochurestoamateurandprofessionalfootballclubs,andother

similar_26_suchashockeyclubs.

Theweekaftercompletingthemailingwastheworstofhislife.He

hadnoresponsesatall.ThenaletterarrivedfromScotlandinvitinghim

togivea_27_forapre-seasoncheckofafootballclub，sseating.He

arrivedinScotlandinthreehours;bytheendoftheafternoonhehad

signedthe_28_todothework.For￡500theclubhaditsseatingmade

good,andonarrivinghomethreedayslater,Johnworked_29_thathehad

madea￡250_30_

Thenextfourweekswereextremelybusy,asclubafterclub_31_John

toworkforthem.Hepricedeachjobinthesamewayasthefirst,working

outallthedirect_32_thenadding100%.Moneystartedtoflowinand

Johnboughtavanandrentedafactoryunitonanindustrialestatenear

hishouse.

TheninlateAugustthephonesstopped_33asthepre-seasonwork

driedup.Johnrealisedthatheneededlonger-termworkanddecidedto

moveintothemanufactureofseatingfornewsportsstadiumsandthe

replacementmarket.

第19題：

A.salary

B.wage

C.payment

D.amount

參考答案：C

答案解析：

第20題：

A.boss

B.worker

C.businessman

D.head

9

參考答案：A

答案解析：

第21題：

A.accepted

B.thought

C.liked

D.decided

參考答案：D

答案解析：

第22題:

A.living

B.practice

C.labour

D.task

參考答案：A

答案解析：

第23題:

A.stage

B.point

C.movement

D.step

參考答案：D

答案解析：

第24題：

A.declaring

B.expressing

C.outlining

D.designing

參考答案：c

答案解析：

10

第25題：

A.do

B.provide

C.achieve

D.succeed

參考答案：B

答案解析：

第26題：

A.organisations

B.situations

C.activities

D.sports

參考答案：A

答案解析：

第27題：

A.bid

B.tender

C.valuation

D.quotation

參考答案：D

答案解析：

第28題:

A.charge

B.terms

C.invoice

D.contract

參考答案：D

答案解析：

第29題：

A.out

B.up

11

C.off

D.over

參考答案：A

答案解析：

第30題:

A.profit

B.credit

C.receipt

D.reward

參考答案：A

答案解析：

第31題：

A.agreed

B.invited

C.ordered

D.offered

參考答案：B

答案解析：

第32題：

A.figures

B.bills

C.costs

D.prices

參考答案：c

答案解析：

第33題:

A.sounding

B.answering

C.ringing

D.calling

參考答案：C

12

答案解析:

PARTFIVE,Readthetextbelow.,Inmostofthe

lines34-45thereisoneextraword.Itiseither

grammaticallyincorrectordoesnotfitinwiththemeaning

ofthetext.Somelines,however,arecorrect.,Ifaline

iscorrect,writeCORRECTonyourAnswerSheet.,Ifthere

isanextrawordintheline,writetheextrawordinCAPITAL

LETTERSonyourAnswerSheet.

THEARTOFDELEGATION

Areyouoneofthosepeoplewhodoesn'ttrustanyoneelsetodo

whatneedstobe

done?Somemanagerstheycan，tbearanyoneelsetohelpthemin

anyway.They

34.don'tbelievethatanyonecandosuchajobaswellasthey

can.Itisnotsurprising

35.thattheythengetoverwhelmedbyworkandcomplainthatthey

havefartoomuch

36.todo,butitcouldbearguedthatitisbytheirownfault.

Iftheylearnttodelegate,

37.theywouldhavemuchmoretimeavailable.Besidesthesaving

timeandfreeing

38.themtoconcentrateontasksthatareimportant,delegating

alsobenefitstothe

39.company.Ifmanagersdelegateeffectively,theirstaffwill

becomemoreskilledand

40.committed.Askingstafftotakethosedecisionsimprovestheir

efficiencyand

41.morale.Thiswillcontributeitnotonlytothesuccessof

theteam,buttothesuccess

42.ofthecompanyasawhole.Moreimportantly,itwillalsoshow

howgoodthata

43.person，smanagerialskillsare,whichisusefulwhen

candidatesareconsideredfor

44.promotion.Trustingotherpeopletodoajobproperlyandin

providingthemwiththe

45.opportunitytodosoisthereforeanessentialmanagement

skillinalltheworkplaceoftoday.

第34題：

13

參考答案:

such

詳細(xì)解答:

第35題：

參考答案：

CORRECT

詳細(xì)解答：

第36題：

參考答案:

by

詳細(xì)解答:

第37題：

參考答案:

the

詳細(xì)解答:

第38題:

參考答案:

to

詳細(xì)解答:

第39題:

14

參考答案：

CORRECT

詳細(xì)解答：

第40題：

參考答案:

those

詳細(xì)解答:

第41題：

參考答案:

it

詳細(xì)解答:

第42題：

參考答案:

that

詳細(xì)解答:

第43題:

參考答案：

CORRECT

詳細(xì)解答：

第44題:

15

參考答案:

詳細(xì)解答:

第45題：

參考答案：

all

詳細(xì)解答：

WRITINGPART-ONE

第46題：

lai

參考答案:

To:AnnaJaySubject:TalkNextFridayIwouldliketogivethetalk

suggestedbyyouandIthink9.30am,afterthebreak,wouldbetheperfect

time.Requiredequipment:-OverheadProjector-Flipchart

withPensPleasegivemesomeinformationaboutthepeopleparticipating.

Renate

詳細(xì)解答:

PART-TWO

第47題:

16

參考答案：

22JulyDearMsBrownSubject:NewpremisesWithreferencetoyour

advertisementintheLocalnewspaper,wewouldliketohavemore

informationabouttheabove.Couldyoutelluswhichotherfirmsarein

thearea,andwhatarethesizesoftheunitsavailableforrental.

Regardingthefinancialhelpmentioned,couldyouinformuswhowould

qualifyforitandhowtoapply.Anotherpointtoclarifyistheskilled

labourcostscomparedwithotherareas.Finally,wewouldbegratefulif

youcouldsendustheinformationpacktoouraddress.Welookforward

tohearingfromyousoon.YourssincerelyAlyaMaideen

詳細(xì)解答：

LISTENINGPART1,Youwillhearthreetelephone

conversationsormessages.,Writeoneortwowordsor

anumberinthenumberedspacesonthenotesorforms

below.?Youwillheareachrecordingtwice.

［聽力原文］

48-51

Woman:ThisisthePersonnelDepartmentofCJProductions.Pleasestate

thetitleandreferencenumberofthejobyou，rephoningaboutandstate

whereyousawtheadvert.Pleasegiveyournameandaddressclearly.

Man:Hello.I'mphoningaboutoneofthejobsgoingintheMarketing

Department.It'stheRegionalOrganiserJsjobinthatdepartmentwhich

rminterestedin.ThereferencenumberquotedintheadisJ-1-8-5-6-R.

Thisisaninternalrequest-1sawtheadvertisementyouputinthestaff

newsletter.Pleasesendtheapplicationformandinformationpacktome,

DanielJohnson-intheSalesDepartment.Thankyou.

第48題：

參考答案：

RegionalOrganiser/Organizer

詳細(xì)解答：

第49題:

17

參考答案：

J1856R

詳細(xì)解答：

第50題:

參考答案：

(the)staffnewsletter

詳細(xì)解答：

第51題:

參考答案：

Sales(Department/Dept)

詳細(xì)解答：

HPRBANK

CUSTOMERSERVICESDIVISION

CUSTOMER:GeorgeBliss,_52_ofArundelHoldings

ACCOUNTNUMBER:53—

PROBLEM:Norecordinhisofficeofa_54_of

￡15,000onJune10th.

Also,can，tbeoneoftheir_55_

-theyallbeginwith50.Wantusto

investigate.

［聽力原文］

52-55

Woman:Goodmorning-HPRBank.CustomerServicesDivision.HowmayIhelp

you?

Man:Goodmorning.Myname'sGeorgeBliss.I'mtheFinancialDirectorof

ArundelHoldings.I'vegotaqueryonourbusinessaccount.

Woman:Justamoment,r11getituponscreen.Canyougivemetheaccount

number?

18

Man:Certainly.It's456-30-421.

Woman:Andyouridentificationcode?

Man:Hamlet.

Woman:Right,MrBliss.What'stheproblem?

Man:Well,Ireceivedastatementfromyouthismorningandthere，sa

differencebetweenthatandourrecords.Thestatementshowsadebitof

￡15,000onJune10th,butnooneheresignedanythingforthatamount,

sordliketoknowwhat，sgoingon.

Woman:Yes,mmm,hereitis-￡15,000.That'sodd.Itsayschequenumber

3-0-6-9-8-4.

Man:Yes,Icanseethatonthestatement,butthatcan，tberight.All

ourchequesbeginwith5_0.It'snotoneofourcheques.Youmusthave

debitedouraccountbymistake.

Woman:I'mverysorryaboutthat,MrBliss.I'11sortitoutimmediately.

CouldIjust...

第52題：

參考答案：

(the)FinancialDirector

詳細(xì)解答：

第53題：

參考答案：

45630421

詳細(xì)解答：

第54題:

參考答案：

debit

詳細(xì)解答：

第55題：

參考答案：

cheques/checks

19

詳細(xì)解答:

Message

To:RachelBould

JanetShibuya(ConferenceReservationService)called

about

56_Seminar,24thApril.

Hasmadebookingatthe_57_Hotel.

Dowewantthe_58_-it'scheaper.

Sendlistof_59_neededbyFriday.

［聽力原文］

56-59

Woman1:Goodmorning.RachelBould，soffice.CanIhelpyou?

Woman2:Goodmorning.ThisisJanetShibuyahere,fromtheConference

ReservationService.CanIspeaktoRachel?

Woman1:I'mafraidshe，soutoftheoffice.Wouldyouliketoleavea

message?

Woman2:Sure.Ijustwantedtoupdateheronthebookingforyour

ManagementSeminaronthe24thofApril.

Woman1:Ohyes.AttheRussellHotel.

Woman2:Well,no,that，swhatI'mphoningabout.Iwasn，tabletoget

theRussellHotel,theywerefullybooked.ButI'vegotyouinattheTower

Hotel.That，sinthecentreofLondontoo,thelocation，sveryconvenient.

Woman1:Andwhatabouttheprice?

Woman2:Well,thebasicpriceisthesame.Thegoodthingisthatnow

youhavethechoiceofabuffetlunchorafullrestaurantmeal.Thebuffet

lunchischeaper,sowouldyouliketogoforthat?

Woman1:I'llaskMrsBouldaboutthatandletyouknow.

Woman2:Right.Thentheotherthingis,couldyousendmealistofthe

equipmentyou，11beneeding-OHP,video..,thatsortofthing.

Woman1:CanwegetbacktoyouonthatonebyFriday?

Woman2:That，11befine.

第56題：

參考答案：

(the)Management

20

詳細(xì)解答:

第57題:

參考答案：

Tower

詳細(xì)解答：

第58題：

參考答案：

buffet(lunch)

詳細(xì)解答：

第59題：

參考答案：

equipment

詳細(xì)解答：

PART2

[A].sortoutstaffdisagreements

[B].delegatetasksfairly

[C].obtainallthefacts

[D].developarangeofstrategies

[E].establishcleargoals

[F].carryoutregularplanning

[G].clarifyal