高考英語閱讀理解之猜詞題講義

2024年高考英語閱讀理解之猜詞題

Skill

1：利用構(gòu)詞法1.利用構(gòu)詞法中的派生法（Derivation）前綴/后綴前綴一般不改變原有的詞性，只改變詞義；后綴通常改變詞性，但詞義基本上和原來的詞根意義一致。1).Whenhereachedtheplacewithhisarmy,hefoundan

impassable

riverinfrontofhim．2).Intheworldofeconomic

globalization,

differentnationsarebeingmoreandmoreinterdependent.

2.利用構(gòu)詞法中的合成法（pounding）3).ChildlaborersinDickens'novelswere

illtreated.

4).FrancisChichestersailedaroundtheworld

singlehanded.

3.利用構(gòu)詞法中的轉(zhuǎn)化法（conversion）5).Theauthor

emptied

allhispocketstofindhisticket．6).ThereweresomanydemonstratorsintheRedSquarethathehadto

elbow

hiswaythroughthecrowd.

答案：1）不可通過的

2）全球化

3）受到惡劣對待

4）獨(dú)自地

5）倒空；掏空Skill2:利用定義/

解釋/

舉例等猜測詞義1)Whatis

plagiarism?

Itisusingothers’ideasandwordswithoutclearlymentioningwheretheinformationisfrom.2).Pantomime

referstoashortplayinwhichnowordsarespoken.

3)Youmayborrowfromthelibraryany

periodicals:

TimeMagazine,NewsWeekly,Reader’sDigest,TheNewYorkers.注意標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)如:

括號(hào)()

冒號(hào):

破折號(hào)—答案：1）抄襲

2）啞劇

3）期刊Skill3:利用比較、對比、因果關(guān)系1.利用比較(近義)/并列關(guān)系——關(guān)鍵詞有similarly,likewise,justas,also,or,and

等。1)Peterlovestotalk,andhisbrothersaresimilarly

loquacious.2)Motherwastallandfat.Theprincipaloftheschoolwasalmostas

plump

asmother,

but

muchshorter.3)Childrenoftentryto

emulate

orcopythebehaviorthattheyseeontelevision.4)Indeed,anyseriousstudentofantiqueshouldspendasmuchtimeaspossiblevisitingpalaces,

statelyhomes

andmuseumstoseesomeofthefinestexamplesofclocksfromthepast.Theunderlinedphrase“statelyhomes”

means_____.A.stateownedhousesB.housesinverygoodconditionC.grandhousesopentothepublicD.houseswherestatesmenmeetregularly答案：1）健談的

2）胖的

3）模仿

4）C2.利用對比（反義）關(guān)系——關(guān)鍵詞有incontrast,onthecontrary,unlike,however,but,despite,while,inspiteof,ontheotherhand,nevertheless等。1)Andrewisoneofthemost

supercilious

menIknow.Hisbrother,incontrast,isquitehumbleandmodest.2)Ourmathsprofessorclaimsthatalltheproblemshegivesusaresimpleones，butwefeelthattheyare

intricate

andhardtosolve．

3).Mostofusagreed;however,Bill

dissented.答案：1）傲慢的

2）復(fù)雜的

3）不同意3.利用因果關(guān)系——關(guān)鍵詞有

because,since,for,as,so,inorderto,soasto,asaresult,thus,therefore等。1).Tomisconsideredan

autocratic

administratorbecausehemakesdecisionswithoutseekingtheopinionsofothers.2).Theriverisso

turbid

thatitisimpossibletoseethebottomevenwhenitisshallow.答案：1）專制的

2）渾濁的Skill4

利用上下文的語境1）Inavictoryofgreenbusinessthatiscertaintoappealtoenvironmentallyawaremusiclovers,adesignstudentistoreceivefinancialsupporttoproduce

ecofriendlytents

madeofcardboardthatcanberecycledafterthebandsandthecrowdshavegonehome.

（上海）“Ecofriendlytents”refertotents________A.economicallydesirableB.favorabletoenvironmentC.forholdingmusicperformancesD.designedfordisasterrelief2).

Photographsareeverywhere.Theydecoratethewallsofhomesandareusedinstoresforsalesofdifferentgoods.Thenewsisfilledwithpicturesoffires,floods,andspecialevents.Photosrecordthebeautiesofnature.

They

canalsobringthingsclosethatarefaraway.Throughphotos,peoplecanseewildanimals,citiesinforeignlands,andeventhestarsinouterspace.Photosalsotellstories.（陜西卷）46.Theunderlinedword“They”inthefirstparagraphrefersto

.A.beautiesB.photosC.goods

D.events答案：1）B

2）BSkill5利用文化背景和生活常識(shí)Warmbloodeddesertanimals,suchasratsandmice,restduringtheday,oftenstayingincoolundergroundburrows.

答案：洞穴猜詞練習(xí)1.FoxwasauniversitystudentinBritishColumbiawhenhebecamesickwithbonecancer.Doctorshadto

amputate

mostofhisrightleg.

Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningto“amputate”?

A.cureof

B.cutoff

C.takeawayD.leave2.Hundredsofyearsago,muchoftheHollandwasbelowsealevelandwasoftenfloodedbytheNorthSea.Thismadetheland

swampy.

Whatdoestheword“swampy”mean?A.dryandhard

B.

deserted

C.softandwet

D.

rich3.Earlyhumanbeingsusedveryfragilehouses,

andboats.Oftenstrongwindswouldtearroofs

fromhousesorcausehighwavesthatendangeredtravelers.People’sfoodsuppliesweresimilarly

vulnerable.

(重慶)Theunderlinedword“vulnerable”inthepassagemeans___________.A.impossibletomakesureofB.likelytobeprotected

C.easytodamageD.difficulttofind4.Thehouselookedquitenormaloutside,butinsideitwasvery

exotic

withfascinatingobjectsondisplay.

(江西)Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningto“exotic”?A.messyanduntidy

B.richandexpensive.Cfortableandcalming

D.foreignandunusual5.Fastfoodandfriedfoodsellthebestamongstudents,whichhasledtoarisein

obesity

amongchildren.

Whatdoestheword“obesity”mean?

A.violence

B.

sadness

C.overweight

D.

weakness

6.BorninChicagoin1902,broughtupandschooledinNebraska,the19yearoldcollegegraduateRalphTylerbecame

hookedonteaching

whileteachingasascienceteacherinSouthDakotaandchangedhismajorfrommedicinetoeducation（全國）

Thewords“hookedonteaching”probablymean________.A.attractedtoteaching

B.tiredofteachingC.satisfiedwithteachingD.unhappyaboutteaching7.

Asthesunrosehigher,Arizona’sfamousheatseemedtoroast(烘烤)us.Therewasnoshadeandourlegswereaching.Wedecidedtogoback,withthegirlonmybackandtheboysfarbehind.Bythetimewefinallygotback,

ourlegswerelikejelly.(陜西)

Theunderlinedexpression“Ourlegswerelikejelly”probablymeans

.A.wewereweakB.wewereunhappyC.weweredissatisfiedD.weweredisappointed8.Whatweoftenseenowadaysisthatyoungpeople

juggle

aneverlargernumberofelectronicdevices(電子產(chǎn)品)astheystudy.Whileworking,theyalsosurfontheInternet,sendoutemails,answerthetelephoneandlistentomusicontheiriPads.Inasense,theyarespendingasignificantamountoftimeinfruitlesseffortsastheymultitask.

（重慶）Whatdoestheunderlinedword“juggle”mostprobablymean?A.wanttobuy

B.taketheplaceofC.useatthesametimeD.seekforinformationfrom9.

[浙江卷]Firstofall,joggingisveryhardonthebody.Yourlegsandfeettakearealpounding(重?fù)?runningdownaroadfortwoorthreemiles.Idevelopedfoot,leg,andbackproblems.ThenIreadaboutanationallyfamousjoggerwhodiedofaheartattackwhilejogging,andIhadsomethingelsetoworryabout.Joggingdoesn’tkillhundredsofpeople,butifyouhaveanyphysicalweaknesses,joggingwillsurelybring

them

out,astheydidwithme.Theunderlinedword“them”mostprobablyrefersto____________.A.heartattacksB.backproblemsC.famousjoggersD.physicalweaknesses10.Itnowtakesyearsforscientiststocollectallthedatatheyneedtodescribesandanalyzespecies.ThecreatorsoftheEncyclopediaofLifehopethattheirnewtoolwillspeedup

thatprocess.(北京)62.Inthelastparagraph,”thatprocess”means________.A.analyzingspeciesB.creatinganewtoolC.collectingdataD.describingspecies11.【陜西卷】NotallofMom’sadvicepassedthetestofmedicalstudies.Forexample,generationsofchildrenhavebeentoldnottogoswimmingwithinanhouraftereating.Butresearchsuggeststhatthereisnodangerindoingso.Eventhoughsciencecantellusthatsomeofourtraditionalbeliefsdon’tholdwater,thereisstillalotoftruthintheoldwives’tales.Afterall,muchofthisknowledgehasbeenaccumulated(積累)fromthousandsofyearsofexperienceinfamilyhealthcare.53.Thephrase“holdwater”inthelastparagraphmostprobablymeans”_____”.A.tobebelievableB.tobevaluableC.tobeadmirableD.tobesuitable12.【天津卷】Iamawriter.Ispendagreatdealofmytimethinkingaboutthepoweroflanguage—thewayitcanevoke(喚起)anemotion,avisualimage,aplexidea,orasimpletruth.

Languageisthetoolofmytrade.AndIusethemall—alltheEnglishesIgrewupwith.41.Bysaying“Languageisthetoolofmytrade”,theauthormeansthat______.A.sheusesEnglishinforeigntradeB.sheisfascinatedbylanguagesC.sheworksasatranslatorD.sheisawriterbyprofession13.【湖北卷】SundayismorelikeMondaythanitusedtobe.Placesofbusinessthatusedtokeepdaytime“businesshours”arenowopenlateintothenight.AhalfcenturyagointheUnitedStates,mostpeopleexperiencedstrongandprecisedividinglinesbetweendaysofrestanddaysofwork,schooltimeandsummertime.Todaytheboundariesstillexist,buttheyseemnotclear.71.Bysaying“SundayismorelikeMondaythanitusedtobe,”thewritermeansthat______A.worktimeisequaltoresttime

B.manypeoplehaveadayoffonMondayC.itishardforpeopletodecidewhentorestD.thelinebetweenworktimeandresttimeisunclear答案：BCCDC；AACDC；ADD猜詞題之代詞：代詞的主要作用就是用來指代上下文所出現(xiàn)的名詞以及名詞詞組。由于代詞這種指代性，使其與上下文的聯(lián)系比較緊密，同時(shí)使得作者的行文更加緊湊。代詞指代的考查大致可分為對句、段、篇的考查——即“點(diǎn)”、“線”、“面”三個(gè)層次。一、“點(diǎn)”的考查主要考查考生對較為復(fù)雜的句子的理解以及其內(nèi)在的邏輯和指代。這是代詞指代最簡單的一種。如：例1：（全國卷。第70題）Inthelastsentenceofparagraph1,

theunderlinedword“they”refersto____.A.

wineandbeer

B.

foodanddrinks

C.

thevariousyeasts

D.

otherorganisms解題語境為：Pasteurdiscoveredthatheatingthewinegentlyforafewminutesafterithadfermentedwouldkillofftheyeastthatwasleftinthewine,

withtheresultthatthewinewouldremainfreshformuchlonger.

Healsoprovedthat

foodanddrinks

couldbeturnedbadbyotherorganismsthatwerepresentintheair,

andthat

theytoowouldkeepfreshmuchlongerif

they

werekeptinairtightcontainers.例2：（全國卷。第67題）Theunderlinedword“them”(paragraph1)refersto______.A.redherringsB.treasurehunts

C.HenryVIII’ssixwivesD.readersofthebookThebookcontainedalargenumberofcluestohelpreadersfindthehare,

butWilliamsputinalotof“redherrings”,offalseclues,

tomislead

them

.

例3：（全國卷。第58題）Theunderlinedword“it”inthesecondparagraphreferstotheideathatputertowns______.A.helptosetupmoreputerclubs

B.bringpeopletolearntouseputersC.bringmoreexpertstoworktogether

D.helptosellputerstothepublicAlthoughmanypeopleseethisasasuccessfulattempttobringpeopleclosertotheputer,

Daviddoesnotsee

it

thatway.答案：BDB二、“線”的考查所謂“線”的考查，是指考查考生對文段語境的理解能力。考生必須通過兩句或兩句以上的語境，并作出合理的判斷，才能解決問題。如：例4：（北京卷。第57題）“Todothis”(inparagraph3)means______.A.tohelppatientsrecover

B.toincreasethenumberofheartsurgeriesC.togetbackthemoneyspentontheequipment

D.tobuynewequipmentforthetreatmentofheartdisease解題語境：….second,itcausesthecostsofgeneralhospitalcaretorise.Afterhospitalsbuytheexpensiveequipmentthatisnecessaryformodernheartsurgery,they

musttrytorecoverthemoneytheyhavespent.

Todothis,

theyraisecostsforalltheirpatients,notjustthose….

例5：（上海卷。第102題）“It”inthelastsentenceofthesecondparagraphrefersto______.A.temporaryloneliness

B.situationalloneliness

C.anewplace

D.sleeplessness解決該題的關(guān)鍵語境是：Thesecondkind,

situationalloneliness,isanaturalresultofaparticularsituation—forexample,afamily