練習(xí)39語法填空+閱讀理解含解析

39語法填空＋閱讀理解Ⅰ.語法填空2020·牡丹江一中月考186詞★★★☆☆Whatexactlyaresocialmedia?Socialmediaaredefinedasweb-based,mobilemediathatcan__1__(use)toconnectwitheachother.Thereareseveraltypesofsocialmedia.Thefirsttypeinvolvespeoplegettingtogethertoworkonaproject.Wikipedia(維基百科)is__2__exampleofthistypeofsocialmedia.Thereareothertypesthatallowpeople__3__(share)contentsuchaspicturesandarticles.AnothertypeofsocialmediaiswebsiteslikeSecondLife,__4__peoplecancreateobjects,asifthey__5__(be)intherealworld.Thefinaltypeissocialnetworkingsitesthatcanmakepeoplestayintouchwith__6__(friend)．Socialmediaaredifferentfrom__7__(tradition)media.Inthepast,mediawerecreatedinoneplace,__8__(normal)acompany.Thenthecompanywouldsendoutthemedia,likenewspapersandmagazines,toconsumers.But__9__socialmedia,manyindividualsindifferentlocationscancreatecontent.Inaddition,afewminutesarespent__10__(write)atwitterposttoday,whileitwouldtakemanymonthstoeditamagazineinthepast.Ⅱ.閱讀理解A2019·全國卷Ⅲ說明文325詞★★★☆☆Monkeysseemtohaveawaywithnumbers.AteamofresearcherstrainedthreeRhesusmonkeystoassociate26clearlydifferentsymbolsconsistingofnumbersandselectiveletterswith0－25dropsofwaterorjuiceasareward.Theresearchersthentestedhowthemonkeyscombined—oradded—thesymbolstogetthereward.Here'showHarvardMedicalAfterrunninghundredsoftests,theresearchersnotedthatthemonkeyswouldgoforthehighervaluesmorethanhalfthetime,indicatingthattheywereperformingacalculation,notjustmemorizingthevalueofeachcombination.Whentheteamexaminedtheresultsoftheexperimentmoreclosely,theynoticedthatthemonkeystendedtounderestimate(低估)asumcomparedwithasinglesymbolwhenthetwowerecloseinvalue—sometimeschoosing,forexample,a13overthesumof8and6.Theunderestimationwassystematic:Whenaddingtwonumbers,themonkeysalwayspaidattentiontothelargerofthetwo,andthenaddedonlyafraction(小部分)ofthesmallernumbertoit.“Thisindicatesthatthereisacertainwayquantityisrepresentedintheirbrains，”Dr.Livingstonesays.“Butinthisexperimentwhatthey'redoingispayingmoreattentiontothebignumberthanthelittleone.”1．Whatdidtheresearchersdotothemonkeysbeforetestingthem?A．Theyfedthem.B．Theynamedthem.C．Theytrainedthem.D．Theymeasuredthem.2．Howdidthemonkeysgettheirrewardintheexperiment?A．Bydrawingacircle.B．Bytouchingascreen.C．Bywatchingvideos.D．Bymixingtwodrinks.3．WhatdidLivingstone'steamfindaboutthemonkeys?A．Theycouldperformbasicaddition.B．Theycouldunderstandsimplewords.C．Theycouldmemorizenumberseasily.D．Theycouldholdtheirattentionforlong.4．Inwhichsectionofanewspapermaythistextappear?A．Entertainment.B．Health.C．Education.D．Science.B2020·湖北七校聯(lián)考議論文325詞★★★☆☆Publictransportisdecliningintherichworld.Tothosewhohavetosqueezeontothenumber25businLondon,ortheatraininNewYork,thechangemightnotbenoticeable.Butpublictransportisbecominglessbusyinthoseplaces,andpassengernumbersareflatorfallinginalmosteveryAmericancity.Thatisdespitehealthygrowthinurbanpopulationsandemployment.Althoughtransportagenciesblametheirunpopularityonthingslikeroadworksandbrokensignals,itseemsmorelikelythattheyarebeingoutcompeted.App-basedtaxiserviceslikeUberandLyftaremorecomfortableandconvenientthantrainsorbuses.Cyclingisnicerthanitwas,andrentalbikesaremorewidelyavailable.Carsarecheaptobuy,thankstocut－rateloans,andevercheapertorun.Onlineshopping,homeworkingandoffice-sharingmeanmorepeoplecanavoidtravellingaltogether.Thecompetitionisonlylikelytogrow.Morethanonelaboratoryisdevelopingnewtransporttechnologiesandapplications.SiliconValleyinventedUberand,morerecently,appsthatletpeoplerentelectricscooters(滑板車)andthenabandonthemonthepavement.Chinacreatedsharing-bicyclesandbattery-powered“e-bikes”，bothofwhicharespreading.Transportagenciesshouldaccepttheupstarts,andcopythem.Citiestendeithertoignoreapp-basedservicesortotrytopushthemoffthestreets.Thatisunderstandable,giventherules-are-for-losersattitudeoffirmslikeUber.Butitisanerror.Itisdoubtfulthatmostpeoplemakeharddistinctionsbetweenpublicandprivatetransport.Theyjustwanttogetsomewhere,andthereisacostintime,moneyandcomfort.Anidealsystemwouldletthemmoveacrossacityforasinglepayment,transferringfromtrainstotaxistobicyclesasneeded.Buildingaplatformtoallowthatishard,andrequiresmuchsweet-talkingoftraditionalnetworksaswellastechnologyfirms.Itisprobablythesecrettokeepingcitiesmoving.5．Whatisthechangeinpublictransportinbigcities?A．Itisbecomingbusier.B．Itisgettinglesspopular.C．Therearefewertrafficdelays.D．Thereismorenewtransport.6．Intheauthor'sopinion,thereasonforthedeclineofpublictransportisthat________.A．thereareroadworksandbrokensignalsB．peoplearebecominghealthierandemployedC．carsandbikesaremoreandmoreavailableD．transportagenciesareseeminglylesscompetitive7．HowdoestheauthordevelophisideainParagraph3? A.BygivingexamplesB．Byprovidingresearchresults C.BystatingargumentsD．Bycomparingdifferentapproaches8．Accordingtothetext,thekeytokeepingcitiesmovingis________.A．todevelopanidealsystemthatsatisfieseveryoneB．tobuildaplatformthatappealstotransportagenciesC．toprovidepeoplewithmoremeansoftransportationD．tocaterforbothtraditionalnetworksandtechnologyfirms答題策略語法填空——名詞名詞題的解題步驟例題Chengduhasdozensofnewmillionaires,Asia'sbiggestbuilding,andfancynewhotels.Butfortouristslikeme,pandasareitstop________(attract)．[2016·全國卷Ⅰ]步驟①根據(jù)空白處所填詞在句中的成分或作定語的限定詞判斷是否該填名詞(多考查名詞在句中作主語、賓語、表語，名詞還可以作同位語、賓語補足語和狀語)②結(jié)合句意確定選擇何種名詞形式③確定名詞的數(shù)答案attraction所填詞在句中作表語，并且有物主代詞its修飾，故應(yīng)用其名詞形式。結(jié)合句意，應(yīng)填attraction練習(xí)39語法填空＋閱讀理解Ⅰ.語法填空1．答案與解析：beused關(guān)系代詞that指的是先行詞mobilemedia，它與use之間存在被動關(guān)系；應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)。有情態(tài)動詞can，故填beused。2．答案與解析：an維基百科就是一個這種類型的社交媒體的范例。表示泛指“一個……的例子”，故用不定冠詞修飾example。由于example是以元音音素開頭的單詞，故應(yīng)填an。3．答案與解析：toshareallowsb.todosth.“允許某人做某事”，為習(xí)慣用法，故填toshare。4．答案與解析：where先行詞websites表示一個抽象地點，關(guān)系詞在從句中作地點狀語，定語從句應(yīng)該用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)。5．答案與解析：wereasif從句敘述的與現(xiàn)在事實相反，應(yīng)使用虛擬語氣，be動詞一律用were。6．答案與解析：friends根據(jù)句意和常識可知，朋友有許多，故填其復(fù)數(shù)形式friends。7．答案與解析：traditional修飾名詞media作定語，應(yīng)用其形容詞形式traditional。8．答案與解析：normallyacompany是一個省略結(jié)構(gòu)，補全為mediawerecreatedinacompany。此處需要所填詞作狀語，修飾“inacompany”，故填normally“通常地”。9．答案與解析：for表示“對于……”，介詞用for。10．答案與解析：writing此處是一個固定句型：spendtime(in)doingsth.文中使用了這個句型的被動形式，故填writing。Ⅱ.閱讀理解A【語篇解讀】本文體裁為說明文。主題語境為人與自然，主題語境內(nèi)容為自然科學(xué)研究成果?？茖W(xué)家對猴子進行測試后發(fā)現(xiàn)猴子有一定的數(shù)字計算能力。本文側(cè)重培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的語言能力。1．答案與解析：C細節(jié)理解題。本題題干意為：研究人員在對猴子進行測試之前對它們做了什么？根據(jù)題干中的beforetestingthem以及第二段第二句中的Theresearchersthentestedhowthemonkeyscombined定位至第二段，再根據(jù)第一句中的AteamofresearcherstrainedthreeRhesusmonkeys可知答案為C項。A：他們給它們喂食；B：他們給它們起名字；D：他們測量它們。2．答案與解析：B細節(jié)理解題。本題題干意為：在實驗中，猴子們?nèi)绾蔚玫姜剟?？根?jù)題干中的reward定位至第三段的后半部分。根據(jù)第三段最后一句Ifthemonkeystouchedtheleftsideofthescreentheywouldberewardedwithsevendropsofwaterorjuice...可知答案為B項。A：通過畫一個圓圈；C：通過觀看視頻；D：通過將兩種飲料混合。3．答案與解析：A推理判斷題。本題題干意為：Livingstone的團隊從對猴子的研究中發(fā)現(xiàn)了什么？根據(jù)第四段中themonkeyswouldgofor