人教版高考英語限時訓(xùn)練4

第第頁高考英語限時訓(xùn)練（4）閱讀理解：AGirlsreallypreferpinkandboyspreferblue,recentresearchshows.ThereasonscouldhaveitsoriginsinthehuntforfoodontheAfricansavannah(稀樹草原)thousandsofyearsago.Evolutionmayhavedevelopedwomen’spreferenceforpink,perhapsbecauseithelpedtofindripefruitandhealthymenwithreddishfaces,whilebothmenandwomenhaveanaturaldesireforblue,accordingtoscientistsatNewcastleUniversity.“Everyoneintoday’swesternculture,fromparentstotoymanufactures,seemstoassumethatlittlegirlslikepink.”SaidProf.AnyaHulbert,whowantedtofindoutwhetherthereasonwasculturalortodowithbiology.Aloveofsalmon,fuchsiaandcoraldoesseemtoberootedintofemales,ratherthanpickedupfromtheirmothers.TheparticipantsinthestudywereChineseandBritish.TheChinesestudentsshowedamarkedpreferenceforred,“Culturemaycontributetothisnaturalfemalepreference,”saidPro.Hulbert.Inherexperience,208youngadultmenandwomenwereaskedtoselect,asrapidlyaspossible,theirpreferredcolor.HulbertandhercolleagueDr.YazhuLingmarkedtheresultsandfoundthatwhilemenpreferredblue,womentendedtochoosepink.Hulbertsaidshecouldonlypreferaboutthepreferenceforblue:“Hereagain,Iwouldfavorevolutionaryarguments.Goingbacktooursavannahdays,wewouldhaveanaturalpreferenceforaclearbluesky,becauseitsignaledgoodweather.Clearbluealsosignalsagoodwatersource.”1.Thepassagementions“theAfricansavannah”toshowthat_____.A.theancientAfricawasaabeautifulplaceB.humanbeingslivedinAfricaatfirstC.womenandmenhavedifferentcolorpreferenceD.colorpreferencehasitshistoricalorigins2.Itcanbeinferredthattheunderlinedword“fuchsia”_____.A.isprobablyakindoftoyB.isprobablypinkincolorC.canbeonlyfoundinAfricaD.hardlycausesmen’sinterest3.Bysaying“theChinesestudentsforred.”InPara.5,thewritermeans_____.A.redistheChinesestudents’favoritecolorB.theChinesepreferredmorethantheBritishC.cultureinfluencespeople’scolorpreferencesD.thestudywascarriedoutbytwonations4.Whatcanweknowfromthelastparagraph?A.Hulbertthinksevolutionexplainswhypeoplepreferblue.B.Hulberthasastrongdesirefor“savannahdays”.C.BlueisanaturalsignalofmanygoodthingsD.Whileboyslikeblue,girlslikepink.BAnycountryhasgoodreasonstowantitscitizenstobeashealthyaspossible.Thisledtotheinstructionofhealthserviceinmanycountries.Britainhasdevelopedintoacountryinwhichallcitizenscangetmostofthehealthtreatmentfree.Themoneyforthisispartlyfromthepeoplewhoarewillingtooffer.ButtherearedifferentopinionsabouttheHealthService.Thenumberofpatientstreatedeveryyearandthecostoftreatmentaremuchgreaterthanexpected.ThismeansthatthepeoplewhoworkfortheHealthService—doctors,nursesandotherhospitalworkershavemuchmoreworktodo,andasaresulttheyhavelittletimeforpreventivetreatment.However,thetoughproblemisthatasmanypeopleareabletoreceivetreatmentmoreexpensivethantheycanpay,sometimespeoplegoandvisittheirdoctorswhentheydon’treallyneedto.Astherearemanypatients,doctorscannotspendtimelongenoughwitheachpatient.Sosomepeopleprefertopayfortheirowntreatmentsothattheirdoctorscanexaminethemmorecarefully.Infact,somerichpeoplefeelthattheyshouldpaymorefreemoney,whichwouldbegiventoothercitizens.5.Britainisdescribedasanexampletoshowthat_____.A.itisaveryrichcountryinEuropeB.itisacountrywiththeHealthServiceC.everyoneintheUKenjoysfreemedicalcareD.peoplehavetoplaypartofthemedicinefee6.WhatistheproblemintheHealthService?A.Doctorsandnursesarenotworkinghard.B.Peoplecangetmorepreventivetreatment.C.Therearenotenoughwell-traineddoctors.D.Moneyisnotenoughtoemploymoremedicalworkers.7.Whydomanypeoplegoandseethedoctorsevenwhentheyreallydon’tneedto?A.Togetnecessaryprotectivetreatment.B.Totakebacksomeexpensivemedicine.C.Toreceivetreatmentfreeofcharge.D.Tokeephimselfevenmorehealthy.8.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.ThereismuchtoimprovetheHealthService.B.Peopleshouldnotgotothedoctor’sunlessnecessary.C.TheHealthServiceisquitesuccessfulsofar.D.Therichshouldbeallowedtopayforthetreatment.CViolinprodigies（神童）,Ilearned,havecomeindistinctwavesfromdistinctregions.Mostofthegreatperformersofthelate19thandearly20thcenturieswerebornandbroughtupinRussiaandEasternEurope.IaskedIsaacStern,oneoftheworld’sgreatestviolinists,thereasonforthisphenomenon.“It’sveryclear,“hetoldme.“TheywereallJewsandJewsatthetimewereseverelyoppressedandill-treatedinthatpartoftheworld.Theywerenotallowedintotheprofessionalfields,buttheywereallowedtoachieveexcellenceonaconcertstage.”Asaresult,everyJewishparent’sdreamwastohaveachildinthemusicschoolbecauseitwasapassporttotheWest.Anotherelementintheemergenceofprodigies,Ifound,isasocietythatvaluesexcellenceinacertainfieldandisabletonurture(培育)talent.NowadaysthemostnurturingsocietiesseemtobeintheFarEast.“InJapan,amostcompetitivesocietywithstrongerdisciplinethanours,”saysIsaacStern,“childrenarereadytotesttheirlimitseverydayinmanyfields,includingmusic.WhenWesternmusiccametoJapanafterWorldWarII,thatmusicnotonlybecamepartoftheirdailylives,butitbecameadisciplineaswell.”TheKoreansandChinese,asweknow,arejustashighlymotivatedastheJapanese.That’sagoodthing,becauseevenprodigiesmustworkhard.Nexttohardwork,biologicalinheritanceplaysanimportantroleinthemakingofaprodigy.J.S.Bach,forexample,wasthetopofseveralgenerationsofmusicians,andfourofhissonshadsignificantcareersinmusic.9.JewishparentsinEasternEuropelongedfortheirchildrentoattendmusicschoolbecause_____.A.itwouldallowthemaccesstoabetterlifeintheWestB.JewishchildrenarebornwithexcellentmusicaltalentC.theywantedtheirchildrentoenterintotheprofessionalfieldsD.itwouldenablethefamilytogetbettertreatmentintheirowncountry10.Nurturingsocietiesasmentionedinthepassagerefertosocietiesthat_____.A.enforcestrongdisciplineonstudentswhowanttoachieveexcellenceB.treasuretalentandprovideopportunitiesforitsfulldevelopmentC.encouragepeopletocompetewitheachotherD.promisetalentedchildrenhighpositions11.Japanisdescribedinthepassageasacountrythatattachesimportanceto_____.A.all-roundeddevelopmentB.thelearningofWesternmusicC.stricttrainingofchildrenD.varietyinacademicstudies12.Whichofthefollowingcontributestotheemergenceofmusicalprodigiesaccordingtothepassage?A.Anaturalgift.B.Extensiveknowledgeofmusic.C.Veryearlytraining.D.Aprejudice-freesociety.DQuestion:Whatismoreastonishingthana60-tonwhaleonaflatbedtruckbeingdrivendownthestreet?Answer:A60-tonwhaleonaflatbedtruckexplodingandrainingblubber(fatofwhales)alloverthesidewalk.That’swhathappenedinTaiwanrecently,whenadeadspermwhalebeingshippedtotheHalobiosResearchCenterforanautopsy(尸體解剖)developedanextremelybadcaseofgasandblewupbeforeitreacheditsdestination.ThewhalewasfoundaliveonaTaiwanbeachlastweekend,anddiedshortlyafteritwasdiscovered.Sincethe56-footwhalewasthelargestwhaleeverbeachedonTaiwan’sshores,scientistswantedtostudyitandperformanautopsyforeducationalpurpose.Obviously,toomuchtimepassedbetweenwhentheanimaldiedandthetimeitwassettobemovedtotheautopsylocation,becauseithadalreadystartedtogobad.Whenthingsrot,theygiveoffgasesasaby-product.Inthewhale’scase,thegasesweretrappedinitsbelly.Thepressureinsidetherottingcreaturegrewsomuchthatitpoppedlikeanover-filledballoon.Unfortunately,itwasonatruckinthemiddleofthecityofTaiwanatthetimecarsandshopsliningthestreetwerecoveredwithwhalebitsandjuices,muchtotheirowners’discouragement.Accordingtothenewsreports,trafficwastiedupforhourswhileofficialstriedtocleanupthestreets.Newspapereditorsworldwidewereprobablysmilingtothemselves,sincetheyhadaready-madeheadlineseveralreportsabouttheincidentweretitled“ThereSheBlows!”afterthefamouslinefromthebookMobyDick.13.Thepurposeofthequestionatthebeginningofthisnewsreportisto_____.A.explainthereasonB.sellnewspapersC.attractreadersD.giveanimmediateanswer14.Thewhale’sexplosionistheresultof_____.A.pressurefromgasesbuildingupinthecreatureasitbegantorotB.thelongtransportofthecreaturefromthebeachtothecenterC.theextremelybusytrafficinthestreetsitpassedbyD.thequickprocessofrottingoftheanimal15.Whatisthecorrectorderoftheincidents?a.Thewhalewassettoaflatbedtruck.b.Thewhalewasdiscovered.c.Thewhaleexploded.d.Thewhaledied.A.b;c;a;dB.d;c;b;aC.b;d;a;cD.d;b;a;c16.Whatdoweknowfromthelastparagraph?A.Somenewspapereditorswerelaughedat.B.MobyDickisthenameofawomanwriter.C.Allthenewspapersreportedthestoryunderthesametitle.D.Therifle“ThereSheBlows!“istakenfromthebookMobyDick.EPeoplewhodrinkalcoholearnmoreattheirjobsthannon-drinkers,accordingtoaUSstudythathighlighted“socialcapital（社交資本）”gainedfromdrinking.Thestudyconcludedthatdrinkersearn10–14percentmorethanteetotalers,andthatmenwhodrinksociallybringhomeanadditionalsevenpercentinpay.“Socialdrinkingbuildssocialcapital,”saidEdwardStringham,aneconomicsprofessor,“Socialdrinkersareoutgoing,buildingrelationships,andkeepingincontacts,whichresultsinbiggerpaychecks.”Theresearcherssaidthemostlikelyexplanationisthatdrinkershaveawiderrangeofsocialcontactsthathelpprovidebetterjobandbusinessopportunities.“Drinkersmaybeabletosocializemorewithclientsandco-workers,givingdrinkersanadvantageinimportantrelationships.Drinkingmayalsoprovideindividualswithopportunitiestolearnpeople,business,andsocialskills.”Theyalsosaidtheseconclusionsprovideargumentsagainstpoliciesaimedatcontrollingalcoholuseinuniversityandpublicplaces.“Notonlydoanti-alcoholpoliciesreducedrinkers’fun,buttheymayalsodecreaseearnings,”thestudysaid,“Oneoftheconsequencesofalcoholrestrictionsisthattheypushdrinkingintoprivatebehavior.Bypreventingpeoplefromdrinkinginpublic,anti-alcoholpoliciesignoresoneofthemostimportantaspectsofdrinking:increasedsocialcapital.”Theresearchersfoundsomedifferencesintheeconomiceffectsofdrinkingamongmenandwomen.Theyconcludedthatmenwhodrinkearn10percentmorethannon-drinkersandwomendrinkersearn14percentmorethannon-drinkers.However,unlikemen,whogeta7percentincomeincreasefromdrinkinginbars,womendrinkerswhovisitbarsfrequentlydonotshowhigherearningsthanthosewhodonotvisitbars.17．TheunderlinedwordinParagraph2refersto__________A.womendrinkersB.co-workersC.non-drinkersD.men-drinkers18.What’sthebesttitleofthepassage?A.IncomeDifferencesBetweenDrinkersAndNon-drinkersB.ToBuildSocialCapital,Drink!C.Anti-alcoholPolicyisNotReasonableD.DrinkingHelpsIncreaseIncome19.What’sNOTtheconsequenceofanti-alcoholpolicy?A.Morepeopledrinkinprivate.B.Therearelessalcoholinuniversities.C.Drinkers’incomeincreasedbecausetheyspendlessmoneyondrinking.D.Drinkersgetlessfunfromdrinking.20.Whatcanweinferfromtheresultofthestudy?A.Tobuildsocialcapital,youhavenochoicebuttodrink.B.Drinkingisagoodandcommonwaytoincreasesocialcapital.C.Drinkersbuildwidersocialcontacts.D.Drinkersmaybeprovidedmoreopportunities.[全文簡明解讀]本文主要講女孩喜歡粉色，男孩喜歡藍色。這種説法是有根據(jù)的。研究表明，這種想象源于古代人類的生活習(xí)慣。51.D考查寫作意圖。第一段提出主題，第二段提及非洲稀樹草原，其目的是告訴讀者男女分別偏愛某種顏色是有其歷史的原因的。52.B考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)本文的主題，結(jié)合本句的內(nèi)容，可知作者提及“salmon,fuchsiaandcoral”的原因是因為它們的顏色都是粉色的。Aloveofsalmon,fuchsiaandcoraldoesseemtoberootedintofemales,ratherthanpickedfromtheirmothers.對于大馬哈魚，倒掛金鐘花及珊瑚的喜愛似乎嬸嬸扎在女性的心里，而這種愛好并不只是從她們的媽媽那里繼承的。53.C考查事實細節(jié)。根據(jù)該段的結(jié)論句“Culturemaycontributetothisnaturalfemalepreference”可知。54.A考查主旨大意。從最后一段中Hulbert所說的話可知她的觀點是人們都喜歡藍色的原因是進化的結(jié)果。[全文簡明解讀]本文介紹了英國實施公共醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生服務(wù)的情況，并揭示了由此所引發(fā)的一些社會問題。55.B考查細節(jié)。根據(jù)第一段第二、三句可知答案。56.D考查細節(jié)。此題可用排除法。根據(jù)第二段中Thenumberofpatientstreatedeveryyearandthecostoftreatmentaremuchgreaterthanexpected.ThismeansthatthepeoplewhoworkfortheHealthServicedoctors,nursesandotherhosp