新教材2024版高中英語Unit1ScienceandScientistsSectionⅠReadingandThinking學生用書新人教版選擇性必修第二冊

UNIT1SCIENCEANDSCIENTISTS主題人與社會——對社會有突出貢獻的人物【背景文化】TheValueofScienceWhatisthevalueofthescienceIhadlongdevotedmyselfto—thethingIhadloved—whenIsawwhatterriblethingsitcoulddo?Thefirstwayinwhichscienceisofvalueisfamiliartoeveryone:scientificknowledgeenablesustodoandmakeallkindsofthings.Ofcourse,ifwemakegoodthings,itisnotonlytothecredit①ofscience;itisalsotothecreditofthemoralchoicewhichledustogoodwork.Scientificknowledgeisanenablingpowertodoeithergoodorbad—butitdoesnotcarryinstructionsonhowtoapplyit.Suchpowerhasobviousvalue—eventhoughthepowermaybenegatedbywhatonedoeswithit.Anothervalueofscienceistheintellectual②enjoymentitcanprovideuswith.Whenwelookatanyquestiondeeplyenough,wefeeltheexcitementandmysterycomingtousagainandagain.Withmoreknowledgecomesadeeper,morewonderfulmystery,inspiringonetolookdeeperstill.Neverconcernedthattheanswermayletusdown③，withpleasureandconfidenceweturnovereachnewstonetofindunimaginedstrangenessleadingontomorewonderfulquestionsandmysteries.Iwouldnowliketoturntoathirdvaluethatsciencehas.Thescientisthasalotofexperiencewithignorance④anddoubtanduncertainty,andthisexperienceisofverygreatimportance.Whenhehasanideaasto⑤whattheresultis,heisuncertain.Andwhenheisprettysureofwhattheresultisgoingtobe,heisstillinsomedoubt.Now,wescientiststakeitforgranted⑥thatitisperfectlypossibletoliveandnotknow.Butourfreedomtodoubtwasbornoutofadeepandstrongstruggleagainstauthority⑦intheearlydaysofscience.Inordertoprogress,wemustnotforgettheimportanceofthisstruggle;wemustrecognizeourignoranceandleaveroomfordoubt.Permitustoquestion—todoubt—tonotbesure.Itisourresponsibilityasscientists,knowingthegreatprogressthatisthefruitoffreedomofthought,todeclare⑧thevalueofthisfreedom;toteachhowdoubtisnottobefearedbuttobewelcomedanddiscussed;andtodemandthisfreedomasourdutytoallcominggenerations.(節(jié)選自譯林版新教材必修第三冊Unit4)詞匯積累①credit/'kred?t/n.贊揚，認可；信用②intellectual/??nt?'lekt?u?l/adj.腦力的；有才智的，智力發(fā)達的n．學問分子，腦力勞動者③letsb.down使某人悲觀④ignorance/'?ɡn?r?ns/n.無知⑤asto關(guān)于；至于⑥takeitforgranted/'ɡrɑ?nt?d/想當然地認為；認為……是天經(jīng)地義⑦authority/??'θ?r?ti/n.權(quán)威，權(quán)力；官方⑧declare/d?'kle?(r)/vt.宣稱；宣布；申報靚句背誦Now,wescientiststakeitforgrantedthatitisperfectlypossibletoliveandnotknow.現(xiàn)在，我們科學家天經(jīng)地義地認為，人類生而有所不知是完全有可能的。[句式分析]此句中第一個it是形式賓語，從句thatitisperfectlypossibletoliveandnotknow是真正的賓語。SectionⅠReadingandThinking每/日/金/句：Man'sdutyistohavethecouragetoseektruth.人的職責就是有志氣找尋真理。課前預習設計自讀課文疏通文脈大意Task1文本整體理解：理清文章架構(gòu)1.What'sthemainideaofthepassage?A．Thecauseofcholerawaspollutedwater.B．JohnSnowwasawell-knowndoctorinLondon.C．Thesourceofalldrinkingwatershouldbeexamined.D．JohnSnowdidsomeresearchandhelpedtosolve“KingCholera”．2．Readthetextandmatchthemainideaofeachparagraph.Para.1________ A．Snowcollectsinformationandofferssolutions.Para.2________ B．Snowdesirestodefeatcholera.Para.3________ C．Snowisdeterminedtoinvestigate.Para.4________ D．JohnSnowisthefatherofmodernepidemiology.Para.5________ E．Snowfindsthetruthofcholera.Task2文本微小環(huán)節(jié)理解：探尋語篇微小環(huán)節(jié)理解ReadthetextonPages2～3carefullyandthenchoosethebestanswer.1．WhichofthefollowingtheoriesdidJohnSnowbelievein?A．Badaircausedthedisease.B．Peopleabsorbedcholeraintotheirbodieswiththeirmeals.C．Peoplegotinfectedwithcholerabecauseofcoldandhunger.D．Peoplesufferedfromcholerabecausetheywerenotclean.2．Atlast,“KingCholera”wascontrolledby________．A．usingmedicinesinhospitalB．drivingpatientsoutofthecountryC．dealingwiththepollutedwaterD．gettingridofallkindsofpollution3．WhatconclusiondidJohnSnowdrawaccordingtotheevidence?A．Choleramultipliedinthewater.B．Pollutedwatercarriedthevirus.C．Acloudofdangerousgascausedcholera.D．Choleracouldneverbecontrolledeventhoughitscausewasfound.4．Wheredoesthistextprobablycomefrom?A．Anewspaper. B．Amedicalreport.C．Abookreview. D．ATVinterview.Task3文本理解：續(xù)寫佳句1.Readthepassagecarefullyandfindthesentencestodescribethemoodofsadness.(細讀短文并找出描寫悲難過理的句子)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2．Readthepassagecarefullyandfindthesentencestoshowdetermination.(細讀短文并找出表達決心的句子)(1)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________(2)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Task4閱讀思維升華：主題實踐1.HowdidSnowdefeatcholera?(DivergentThinking發(fā)散性思維)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2．WhatdoJohnSnowandZhongNanshanhaveincommon?(CriticalThinking批判性思維)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3．WhatcanwelearnfromSnowwhenfacingepidemic?(CreativeThinking創(chuàng)建性思維)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________精讀課文疏通理解障礙[讀文清障]①cholera['k?l?r?]n．霍亂②usedtodosth.過去經(jīng)常做某事③severe[s?'v??(r)]adj.極為惡劣的；特別嚴峻的；嚴厲的severelyadv.嚴峻地；嚴格地，嚴厲地④diarrhoea[?da??'r??]n．腹瀉⑤dehydration[?di?ha?'dre??n]n．脫水⑥outbreakn．爆發(fā)；突然發(fā)生⑦hitv．攻擊；進攻；攻擊⑧frustrated[fr?'stre?t?d]adj.懊惱的；懊喪的；失意的feelfrustrated感到懊喪frustrationn．挫折⑨intime最終；遲早⑩risev．變得更加勝利(或重要、強大等)?attendto照料?givebirth(to)生孩子?onceandforall最終地；徹底地?ingeneral通常；一般而言?contradictory[?k?ntr?'d?kt?ri]adj.相互沖突的；對立的；不一樣的becontradictoryto與……相沖突contradictv．相抵觸，相沖突；反對?infection[?n'fek?n]n．感染；傳染?germ[d???m]n．微生物；細菌；病菌?subscribeto同意；贊同subscribe[s?b'skra?b]vi.認購(股份)；定期訂購；定期交納(會費)?proof[pru?f]n．證據(jù)；證明；檢驗provev．證明；證明是?consequentlyadv.因此，所以?investigatev．調(diào)查；探討?particularadj.特定的；特別的?bedeterminedtodosth.決心做某事?multiple['m?lt?pl]adj.數(shù)量多的；多種多樣的multiplyv．乘；增加；繁殖?waterpump水泵pump[p?mp]n．泵；抽水機；打氣筒?household['ha?sh??ld]n．一家人；家庭；同住一所(套)房子的人?suspect[s?'spekt]vt.&vi.懷疑；疑有；不信任['s?spekt]n．犯罪嫌疑人；可疑對象suspect...of...懷疑……?blame[ble?m]vt.把……歸咎于；指責；指責n．指責；指責；過失betoblamefor對……應負責任?whatismore更重要的是；而且?asaresultof由于(后跟緣由)asaresult結(jié)果(后跟結(jié)果)?accordinglyadv.因此；相應地?handle['h?ndl]n．把手；拉手；柄vt.處理；搬動；操縱(車輛、動物、工具等)?intervention[??nt?'ven?n]n．介入；出面；干涉?infect[?n'fekt]vt.使感染；傳染infectiousadj.傳染性的；感染的(尤指通過呼吸)?link[l?k]n．聯(lián)系；紐帶vt.把……連接起來；相關(guān)聯(lián)alinkbetween...and...……與……之間的聯(lián)系belinkedto與……連接；與……有關(guān)聯(lián)，與……有聯(lián)系?raw[r??]adj.未煮的；生的；未經(jīng)處理的；原始的rawmaterial原材料?belikelytodosth.有可能做某事?pure[pj??(r)]adj.干凈的；純的；純粹的purewater純凈水?tirelessadj.不知疲乏的?substantial[s?b'st?n?l]adj.大量的；價值巨大的；重大的?decrease['di?kri?s]n．削減；降低；削減量[d?'kri?s]vt.&vi.(使大小、數(shù)量等)削減；減??；降低onthedecrease在削減，在降低?thanksto幸虧；由于?statistic[st?'t?st?k]n．[pl.]統(tǒng)計數(shù)字；統(tǒng)計資料；統(tǒng)計學?transform[tr?ns'f??m]vt.使改觀；使變更形態(tài)vi.變更；轉(zhuǎn)變o...把……轉(zhuǎn)變成……?epidemiology[?ep??di?mi'?l?d?i]n．流行病學[原文呈現(xiàn)]JOHNSNOWDEFEATS“KINGCHOLERA①”Cholerausedto②beoneofthemostfeareddiseasesintheworld,untilaBritishdoctor,JohnSnow,showedhowitcouldbeovercome[1].Thisillnesscausessevere③diarrhoea④，dehydration⑤，andevendeath.Intheearly19thcentury,whenanoutbreak⑥ofcholerahit⑦Europe,millionsofpeoplediedfromthedisease.Asayoungdoctor,JohnSnowbecamefrustrated⑧becausenooneknewhowtopreventortreatcholera[2].Intime⑨，herose⑩tobecomeafamousdoctor,andevenattendedto?QueenVictoriawhenshegavebirth?.However,heneverlosthisdesiretodestroycholeraonceandforall?.[1]此處是until引導的時間狀語從句，其中howitcouldbeovercome是包含在該從句中的賓語從句。[2]此處是because引導的緣由狀語從句，其中howtopreventortreatcholera是“疑問詞＋不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語。Ingeneral?，doctorsinthosedayshadtwocontradictory?theoriestoexplainhowcholeraspread[3].Onetheorywasthatbadaircausedthedisease[4].Theotherwasthatcholerawascausedbyaninfection?fromgerms?infoodorwater.Snowsubscribedto?thesecondtheory.Itwascorrect,buthestillneededproof?.Consequently?，whenanoutbreakofcholerahitLondonin1854[5],Snowbegantoinvestigate?.Hediscoveredthatintwoparticular?streetsthecholeraoutbreakwassoseverethatmorethan500peoplediedintendays.Hewasdeterminedto?findoutwhy.[3]此處是how引導的賓語從句。[4]此處是that引導的表語從句，that在從句中不作成分。[5]此處是when引導的時間狀語從句。Snowbeganbymarkingonamaptheexactplaceswhereallthosewhodiedhadlived.Thereweremultiple?deathsnearthewaterpump?inBroadStreet(especiallyhousenumbers16,37,38,and40).However,somehouseholds?(suchas20and21BroadStreet,and8and9CambridgeStreet)hadhadnodeaths.Thesepeopleworkedinthepubat7CambridgeStreet.Theyhadbeengivenfreebeer,andsohadnotdrunkthewaterfromthepump.Snowsuspected?thatthewaterpumpwastoblame?[6].Whatismore?,inanotherpartofLondon,awomanandherdaughterhaddiedofcholeraaftermovingawayfromBroadStreet.Itseemedthatthewomanlikedthewaterfromthepumpsomuchthatshehaditdeliveredtoherhouseeveryday.Asaresultof?thisevidence,JohnSnowwasabletoannouncethatthepumpwatercarriedcholeragerms[7].Accordingly?,hehadthehandle?ofthepumpremovedsothatitcouldnotbeused[8].Throughthisintervention?,thediseasewasstoppedinitstracks.[6]此處是that引導的賓語從句。betoblame意為“負有責任”，不定式toblame用主動形式表示被動含義。[7]此處是that引導的賓語從句。[8]此處運用了“havesth.done”結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“讓/請人做某事；使某事/物被做”；sothat引導目的狀語從句。ThetruthwasthatthewaterfromtheBroadStreetpumphadbeeninfected?bywaste[9].Moreover,Snowwaslaterabletoshowalink?betweenothercasesofcholeraandthedifferentwatercompaniesinLondon.SomecompaniessoldwaterfromtheRiverThamesthatwaspollutedbyraw?waste[10].Thepeoplewhodrankthiswater[11]weremuchmorelikelyto?getcholerathanthosewhodrankpure?orboiledwater[12].[9]此處是that引導的表語從句。[10]此處是定語從句，修飾先行詞water。[11]此處是定語從句，修飾先行詞Thepeople。[12]此處是定語從句，修飾先行詞those。ThroughSnow'stireless?efforts,watercompaniesbegantosellcleanwater,andthethreatofcholeraaroundtheworldsawasubstantial?decrease?.However,choleraisstillaproblem.Eachyear,millionsofpeoplearoundtheworldgetcholeraandmanydiefromit.Fortunately,wenowknowhowtopreventcholera[13],thanksto?theworkofJohnSnow.Moreover,inhisuseofmapsandstatistics?,Snowtransformed?thewayscientistsstudydiseases[14].Forthisreason,Snowisconsideredthefatherofmodernepidemiology?.[13]此處是“疑問詞＋不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)作know的賓語。[14]此處是省略了引導詞that/inwhich的定語從句，修飾theway。[課文翻譯]約翰·斯諾戰(zhàn)勝“霍亂王”在英國醫(yī)生約翰·斯諾向人們展示如何戰(zhàn)勝霍亂之前，霍亂曾是世界上最令人恐驚的疾病之一。這種疾病可導致嚴峻腹瀉、脫水甚至死亡。十九世紀初，當霍亂爆發(fā)，肆虐歐洲時，數(shù)百萬人死于這種疾病。由于無人知道如何預防或治療霍亂，年輕的約翰·斯諾醫(yī)生很懊喪。后來，他成了一位名醫(yī)，甚至照料分娩的維多利亞女王。然而，他始終沒有放棄徹底根除霍亂的愿望。關(guān)于霍亂的擴散方式，當時的醫(yī)生通常有兩種迥然不同的看法。一種看法是空氣污染引發(fā)的這種疾病，另一種看法是食物或飲用水中的細菌感染導致霍亂。斯諾贊同其次種看法。這一看法是正確的，但他仍須要證據(jù)。因此，1854年倫敦爆發(fā)霍亂時，斯諾便起先調(diào)查。他發(fā)覺霍亂在兩條特定的街道上爆發(fā)得特別嚴峻，以至于10天內(nèi)就有500多人死亡。他決心查明緣由。斯諾起先在地圖上標出那些死去的人曾經(jīng)居住過的地方的精確位置。寬街水泵旁邊有多例死亡(尤其是16號、37號、38號及40號住宅)，然而有些住戶(如寬街20號和21號以及劍橋街8號和9號)卻無人死亡。這些人在劍橋街7號的酒吧工作，酒吧為他們供應免費的啤酒，因此他們沒有喝水泵抽上來的水。斯諾懷疑水泵就是罪魁禍首。此外，在倫敦的另一個區(qū)域，一名婦女和她的女兒搬離寬街后死于霍亂。這個女人似乎特別寵愛水泵抽上來的水，以至于每天都讓人把那里的水運到家里來。因為這個證據(jù)，約翰·斯諾就能夠宣布水泵抽上來的水攜帶霍亂病菌。于是，他讓人拆掉了水泵的把手，這樣水泵就不能用了。通過這一干預，疾病的擴散得以遏制。事情的真相是寬街水泵抽上來的水被廢棄物感染了。此外，斯諾之后還證明白其他霍亂病例與倫敦不同的飲用水公司有關(guān)。有些公司出售的水取自被未處理的廢棄物污染的泰晤士河。與飲用純凈水或開水的人相比，飲用這種水的人更有可能染上霍亂。經(jīng)過斯諾的不懈努力，飲用水公司起先銷售清潔用水，世界各地的霍亂威逼大幅降低。然而，霍亂仍是一個問題。每年全球有數(shù)百萬人感染霍亂，并且很多人因此喪生。幸運的是，由于約翰·斯諾的努力，我們現(xiàn)在知道了如何預防霍亂。此外，在他運用地圖和數(shù)據(jù)的過程中，斯諾變更了科學家探討疾病的方式。出于這個緣由，斯諾被譽為現(xiàn)代流行病學之父。自查語基落實基本知能Ⅰ.核心詞匯依據(jù)語境寫出正確的單詞1．two________theories兩個相互沖突的理論2．a(chǎn)ninfectionfrom________infood由食物的細菌引起的感染3．need________須要證據(jù)4．causea________trafficaccident造成嚴峻的交通事故5．manypoor________很多貧困家庭6．water________水泵7．________theevidence懷疑這個證據(jù)8．beto________該受指責9．removethe________ofthepump拆掉水泵的手柄10．________waste未經(jīng)處理的廢物11．a(chǎn)________betweensmokingandlungcancer吸煙和肺癌之間的聯(lián)系12．a(chǎn)substantial________大幅度削減13．scientific________科學數(shù)據(jù)14．________one'scharacter變更某人的性格15．________toamagazine訂閱雜志16．________himoftheft懷疑他有偷竊行為Ⅱ.拓展詞匯依據(jù)提示寫出相應的單詞1．________[s?'v??(r)]adj.極為惡劣的；特別嚴峻的；嚴厲的→severelyadv.嚴峻地；嚴格地，嚴厲地2．________[fr?'stre?t?d]adj.懊惱的，懊喪的；失意的→frustratevt.挫??；阻撓；使感到灰心→frustrationn．挫折3．________[?n'fek?n]n．感染；傳染→infectvt.使感染；傳染→infectiousadj.傳染性的；感染的(尤指通過呼吸)4．________[pru?f]n．證據(jù)；證明；檢驗→provev．證明；證明是5．________['m?lt?pl]adj.數(shù)量多的；多種多樣的→multiplyv．乘；增加；繁殖6．________[??nt?'ven?n]n．介入；出面；干涉→intervenevi.介入；出面；插話7．________[pj??(r)]adj.干凈的；純的；純粹的→purifyv．凈化8．________[tr?ns'f??m]vt.使改觀；使變更形態(tài)vi.變更；轉(zhuǎn)變→transformationn．變更；轉(zhuǎn)變；變換構(gòu)詞規(guī)律依據(jù)給出的構(gòu)詞規(guī)則寫出下列單詞1．-ion常用于動詞之后構(gòu)成名詞。①infectv．→infectionn．感染②selectv．→________n．選擇③electv．→________n．選舉④collectv．→________n．收集2．形容詞后綴-ous表示“具有……性質(zhì)的；充溢……的”①infect使感染；傳染→infectious傳染性的②humor幽默→humorous幽默的③courage志氣→courageous英勇的④caution謹慎；當心→cautious謹慎的；當心的⑤continue接著→continuous持續(xù)的Ⅲ.重點短語1．________________幸虧；由于2．________________經(jīng)過一段時間之后；遲早3．________________照看；護理4．________________總的說來；從總體上看5．________________很可能做某事6．________________死于；因……而死7．________________因此，由于；作為……的結(jié)果8．________________起先做事；起先細致考慮某事9．________________最終地；徹底地10．________________同意；贊同11．________________生孩子12．________________孜孜不倦的努力13．________________成為一位聞名的醫(yī)生Ⅳ.重點句型1．[句型]until引導的時間狀語從句[教材]Cholerausedtobeoneofthemostfeareddiseasesintheworld,________aBritishdoctor,JohnSnow,showedhowitcouldbeovercome.在英國醫(yī)生約翰·斯諾向人們展示如何戰(zhàn)勝霍亂之前，霍亂曾是世界上最令人恐驚的疾病之一。2．[句型]“疑問詞＋不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)[教材]Asayoungdoctor,JohnSnowbecamefrustratedbecausenooneknew________________________．作為一名年輕的醫(yī)生，約翰·斯諾變得懊喪，因為沒有人知道如何預防和治療霍亂。3．[句型]where引導的定語從句[教材]Snowbeganbymarkingonamaptheexactplaces____________________________．斯諾首先在地圖上標出了全部死者曾經(jīng)生活的精確地點。4．[句型]“Itseemedthat...”意為“似乎……；似乎……”“so...that...”意為“如此……以至于……”引導結(jié)果狀語從句________________thewomanlikedthewaterfromthepump________________shehaditdeliveredtoherhouseeveryday.這個女人似乎特別寵愛水泵抽上來的水，以至于每天都讓人把那里的水運到家里來。5．[句型]“havesth.done”意為“讓/請人做某事；使某事被做”[教材]Accordingly,he________________________________sothatitcouldnotbeused.于是，他讓人拆掉了水泵的把手，這樣水泵就不能用了。Ⅴ.理清困難句式1．[教材]Cholerausedtobeoneofthemostfeareddiseasesintheworld,untilaBritishdoctor,JohnSnow,showedhowitcouldbeovercome.[分析]本句是一個復合句。until前面的句子是主句，until引導的是________從句；aBritishdoctor與JohnSnow是________關(guān)系，是從句的主語，從句謂語showed后面是how引導的________從句。[翻譯]___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2．[教材]Itseemedthatthewomanlikedthewaterfromthepumpsomuchthatshehaditdeliveredtoherhouseeveryday.[分析]本句是一個復合句。主句是“Itseemed...”，that引導________從句，so...that...“如此……以至于……”引導________從句，含有“havesb./sth.＋done”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“________________”。[翻譯]___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3．[教材]ThroughSnow'stirelessefforts,watercompaniesbegantosellcleanwater,andthethreatofcholeraaroundtheworldsawasubstantialdecrease.[分析]本句是一個由and連接的________句，在其次個簡潔句中thethreatofcholeraaroundtheworld作主語，saw是謂語，表“________”，可以理解為一種擬人的修辭手法，使表達既簡練又生動。[翻譯]___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________課堂提升素養(yǎng)探究新知發(fā)展語言學問1(教材P2)Cholerausedtobeoneofthemostfeareddiseasesintheworld,untilaBritishdoctor,JohnSnow,showedhowitcouldbeovercome.在英國醫(yī)生約翰·斯諾向人們展示如何戰(zhàn)勝霍亂之前，霍亂曾是世界上最令人恐驚的疾病之一?！蚓湫凸剑簎ntil引導的時間狀語從句(1)若主句的謂語動詞是持續(xù)性的，那么這個主句需用確定形式；若主句的謂語動詞是非持續(xù)性的，則主句常用否定式，構(gòu)成not...until...結(jié)構(gòu)。(2)倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)：部分倒裝“Notuntil＋時間狀語從句或短語＋謂語助動詞＋主語＋謂語動詞”。(3)強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)：Itis/wasnotuntil＋時間狀語從句或短語＋that＋主句部分。[佳句]Wekeptfightingwiththefiercebearuntilsomekindpeoplerushedtohelpushandletheanimal.我們接著和這只猛烈的熊搏斗，直到一些和善的人沖過來幫我們應付這只動物。(讀后續(xù)寫之動作描寫)[練通]——單句語法填空①[2024·新課標Ⅰ卷讀后續(xù)寫]Thevoicebecamelouderandlouder________Daviddraggedhisleg,passingtheterminal.②ItwasnotuntilIsettleddownandlivedinBeijing________IhadachancetopayavisittotheGreatWall.[寫美]——一句多譯直到我閱歷了這場事故，我才明白壞運氣有可能是正在等待開啟的門。(讀后續(xù)寫之升華句)③________________________________________________________________________badfortunemightbethedoorwaitingtobeopened.(倒裝)④________________________________________________________________________Iwasawarethatbadfortunemightbethedoorwaitingtobeopened.(強調(diào)句型)2(教材P2)Asayoungdoctor,JohnSnowbecamefrustratedbecausenooneknewhowtopreventortreatcholera.由于無人知道如何預防或治療霍亂，年輕的約翰·斯諾醫(yī)生很懊喪?！騠rustratedadj.懊惱的；懊喪的；失意的(1)feelfrustratedat/with對……感到懊喪/懊惱(2)frustratevt.使懊喪；使懊惱；挫??；阻擋；防止frustratingadj.令人懊惱的；令人懊喪的(常形容事物)frustrationn.[U]懊喪；懊喪；挫敗[佳句]Disappointedandfrustrated,thepoormanmadehiswaybacktohisfamily.感到悲觀和懊喪，這個可憐的人回到了他的家。[練通]——單句語法填空①Manystudentsfindtheexperienceofattendinguniversitylecturestobeaconfusingand________(frustrate)experience.②Whenthingsgowrong,allofusnaturallyfeeldisappointedand________(frustrate)．[寫美]——應用文佳句③令他懊惱的是，他的兒子感染了流感病毒。________________________wasthathissonwasinfectedwiththefluvirus.3(教材P2)Snowsubscribedtothesecondtheory.斯諾贊同其次種看法?！騭ubscribevi.認購(股份)；定期訂購；定期交納(會費)subscribeto同意；贊同；訂購；捐贈subscribe...to...在……上簽署……；向……捐贈……[佳句]Allofussubscribetotheviewthatagoodparent-childrenrelationshipisbasedonmutualunderstandingandrespect.(應用文之人際關(guān)系)我們?nèi)咳硕假澇蛇@個觀點，好的親子關(guān)系是基于相互理解和敬重的。[練通]——揣測下列加黑詞的含義①[2024·新高考全國Ⅰ讀后續(xù)寫]Bernardexcitedlysubscribedtomyideaofmakingpopcorntoearnsomemoney.____________②Itwastheoutstandingastronomerwhoalwayssubscribedtoourschool,towhichweweresincerelygrateful.____________③Tobroadenourhorizonsandenrichourschoollife,westudentswillinglysubscribetoChinaDaily.____________4(教材P2)Snowsuspectedthatthewaterpumpwastoblame.斯諾懷疑水泵就是罪魁禍首?！騭uspectvt.&vi.懷疑；疑有；不信任n．犯罪嫌疑人；可疑對象(1)suspectsb.tobe...懷疑某人是……suspectsb.of(doing)sth.懷疑某人(做)某事(2)amurdersuspect殺人嫌疑犯[佳句][2024·新高考卷Ⅰ讀后續(xù)寫]Atfirst,Bernardsuspectedthathecouldn'tsellhispopcornasplanned.起初，伯納德懷疑他不能像支配的那樣賣爆米花。[練通]——單句語法填空①________(suspect)ofdamagingthisculturalheritage,hewasarrestedbythepolice.②Two________(suspect)inconnectionwiththecasearenowbeingquestioned.[寫美]——一句多譯[2024·全國卷Ⅰ應用文]我最敬重的人是我的英語老師，他從不懷疑我們會實現(xiàn)自己的幻想。③ThepersonIrespectmostismyEnglishteacher,who________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.(suspectthat...)④ThepersonIrespectmostismyEnglishteacher,who________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.(suspectsb.of...)◎blamevt.把……歸咎于；指責；指責n．指責；指責；過失(1)blamesb.for(doing)sth.因(做)某事指責某人blamesth.on...把某事歸咎于……betoblame(forsth.)(對某事)負有責任(2)taketheblamefor對……擔當責任put/lay/placetheblameforsth.on...把某事歸咎于……[佳句]Soinsteadofblamingothers,weshouldcommunicatemoreandputourselvesinothers'place.因此，我們應當多溝通、換位思索，而不是指責其他人。(應用文之建議信)[練通]——單句語法填空⑤Thereisnodoubtthattheterribleearthquakewas________(blame)forsuchsevereruins.⑥Thebossdidn'tblamehisassistant________themistake，whichwasbeyondexpectations.＝Thebossdidn'tblamethemistake________hisassistant,whichwasbeyondexpectations.[寫美]——句式升級⑦Alicewasinlowspiritsbecauseshewasblamedforthebreakdownoftheschoolcomputernetwork.→________________________________________________________________________,Alicewasinlowspirits.(分詞作狀語)[溫馨提示]在betoblame(forsth.)短語中，不定式用主動形式表示被動含義。5(教材P2)Itseemedthatthewomanlikedthewaterfromthepumpsomuchthatshehaditdeliveredtoherhouseeveryday.這個女人似乎特別寵愛水泵抽上來的水，以至于每天都讓人把那里的水運到家里來?！蚓湫凸剑骸皊o...that...”意為“如此……以至于……”(1)so...that...句型的常見形式：so+adj.(2)such...that...句型的常見形式：such+a(3)當so/such及其后成分放在句首時，主句用部分倒裝。[佳句]Hewassofrightenedthathestoodrootedtothespot.＝Sofrightenedwashethathestoodrootedtothespot.他是如此膽怯 ，以至于他站在那里文風不動。(讀后續(xù)寫之恐驚心理描寫)[練通]——單句語法填空①Thebrilliantboymade________greatprogressthattheteacherpraisedhim.②Myuncleis________generousapersonthathewashighlythoughtofbythepeoplearound.＝Myuncleis________agenerouspersonthathewashighlythoughtofbythepeoplearound.[寫美]——一句多譯他是如此驚惶，以至于他感覺自己舌頭打結(jié)，手心出汗。(讀后續(xù)寫之驚惶心理描寫)③Hewas________________________hefelthistonguetiedandpalmssweating.④________________________hefelthistonguetiedandpalmssweating.(倒裝句)6(教材P2)Accordingly,hehadthehandleofthepumpremovedsothatitcouldnotbeused.于是，他讓人拆掉了水泵的把手，這樣水泵就不能用了?！蚓湫凸剑骸癶avesth.done”意為“讓/請人做某事；使某事被做”(1)havesb.dosth.讓某人做某事(2)havesb./sth.doingsth.讓某人始終做某事或讓某事處于某種狀態(tài)can't/couldn'thavesb.doingsth.不能容忍某人做某事(3)havesth.todo有某事要做[佳句]Ifwetakeapositiveattitudeandkeepontrying,wecanhaveourgoalsachievedintheend.假如我們實行主動的看法并不斷努力，我們最終會實現(xiàn)我們的目標。[練通]——單句語法填空①Webegantohelppickpeachesandthenhadthem________(deliver)tothefarmers'houses.②LastSundayourschoolhadus________(take)partinafive-kilometercross-countryrunningracetobuildupourbody.③Wecan'thavehim________(get)awaywithcheatingintheexam;otherwise,hewon'tshouldertheblame.[寫美]——應用文之致歉信④我特別愧疚讓你等了這么長時間，因為剛才我有一件緊急的事情要處理。Iamterriblysorryfor________________________________，because________________________________justnow.7(教材P3)Moreover,SnowwaslaterabletoshowalinkbetweenothercasesofcholeraandthedifferentwatercompaniesinLondon.此外，斯諾之后還證明白其他霍亂病例與倫敦不同的飲用水公司有關(guān)?！騦inkn．聯(lián)系；紐帶vt.把……連接起來；相關(guān)聯(lián)(1)link...to/with...把……與……連接/聯(lián)系起來belinkedto/with與……有聯(lián)系/關(guān)系(2)alinkbetween...and...……與……之間的關(guān)系/聯(lián)系[佳句]Inmyopinion,thereisacloselinkbetweenteachersandstudents.在我看來，師生之間有著親密的關(guān)系。[練通]——單句語法填空①Weshouldlinktheory________practicewhenworking.②Yourinnovationsshould________(link)toourschoollifeandbeabletomakeourlifebetterandmoreconvenient.[寫美]——應用文之健康生活③健康問題與不良的飲食習慣和缺乏熬煉親密相關(guān)。Healthproblems________________badeatinghabitsandalackofexercise.[溫馨提示]表示“將……和……連接起來”的短語還有connect...with/to...、join...to...等。8(教材P3)ThroughSnow'stirelessefforts,watercompaniesbegantosellcleanwater,andthethreatofcholeraaroundtheworldsawasubstantialdecrease.經(jīng)過斯諾的不懈努力，飲用水公司起先銷售清潔用水，世界各地的霍亂威逼大幅降低?！騞ecreasen．削減；降低；削減量vt.&vi.(使大小、數(shù)量等)削減；減??；降低(1)onthedecrease/increase正在削減/增加(2)decreasein...在……方面削減decreaseto...削減到……decreaseby...削減了……[佳句]Thenumberofnewstudentshasdecreasedfrom2，000to1，600inrecenttwoyears.近兩年新生人數(shù)從2000削減到1600人。[練通]——單句語法填空①________(decrease)theamountofrubbishandtoprotecttheenvironment,moregovernmentsarerequiringpeopletorecyclematerials.②Overthepastdecades,seaicehasbeen________thedecreaseintheArcticasaresultofglobalwarming.[寫美]——一句多譯由于人類活動，一些稀有動物的數(shù)目在削減。③Becauseofhumanactivities,thenumberofsomerareanimals________________．④Becauseofhumanactivities,thenumberofsomerareanimals________________．9(教材P3)Fortunately,wenowknowhowtopreventcholera,thankstotheworkofJohnSnow.幸運的是，由于約翰·斯諾的努力，我們現(xiàn)在知道了如何預防霍亂?！騮hanksto幸虧；由于表示“由于”的其他常見表達：becauseof(常作狀語)dueto(常作狀語和表語，作狀語時一般不放在句首)owingto(常作狀語和表語)onaccountof(常作狀語，位置可前可后)[佳句]ItwasthankstoyourguidancethatIwonthefirstplaceinthecontest.多虧您的指導，我在競賽中獲得了第一名。[練通]——單句語法填空①Thecoastroadiscloseddue________badweather.②ThePresidentdeclinedtodeliverthespeechhimself,________accountofasorethroat.[寫美]——補全句子③Iholdthestrongbeliefthatyourcurrentsuccessis________________________________________(因為你的努力工作和不知疲乏的努力)．④________________________(多虧了移動圖書館),thesepeoplecanstillborrowbooks.10(教材P3)Moreover,inhisuseofmapsandstatistics,Snowtransformedthewayscientistsstudydiseases.此外，在他運用地圖和數(shù)據(jù)的過程中，斯諾變更了科學家探討疾病的方式?！騮ransformvt.使改觀；使變更形態(tài)vi.變更；轉(zhuǎn)變(1)o...使……轉(zhuǎn)變成……transforminto...轉(zhuǎn)化成……；改造為……betransformedo...由……變成……(2)transformationn.變更，轉(zhuǎn)變；改觀[佳句]Thereisnodoubtthatsuccessandwealthtransformedhischaracter.毫無疑問，勝利和財寶變更了他的性格。[練通]——單句語法填空①LifeinBritain________(transform)