浙江省杭州市2024-2025學(xué)年高二英語上學(xué)期期中測試題含解析

Page19其次部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。ABelowisabriefdescriptionoftheprocessinvolvedinselectingtheNobelPrizelaureates(獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)?inphysics.September-Nomination(提名)formsaresentout.TheNobelCommitteesendsoutconfidentialformstoaround3,000people-selectedprofessorsatuniversitiesaroundtheworld,NobelPrizelaureatesinphysicsandchemistry,andmembersoftheRoyalSwedishAcademyofSciences,amongothers.February-Deadlineforsubmission.ThecompletednominationformsmustreachtheNobelCommitteenolaterthan31stJanuaryofthefollowingyear.TheCommitteescreensthenominationsandselectsthepreliminarycandidates.About250-350namesarenominatedasseveralnominatorsoftensubmitthesamename.March-May-Consultationwithexperts.TheNobelCommitteesendsthenamesofthepreliminary(初步的)candidatestospeciallyappointedexpertsfortheirassessmentofthecandidates’work.Jun-August-Writingofthereport.TheNobelCommitteeputstogetherthereportwithrecommendationstobesubmittedtotheAcademy.ThereportissignedbyallmembersoftheCommittee.September-Committeesubmitsrecommendations.TheNobelCommitteesubmitsitsreportwithrecommendationsonthefinalcandidatestothemembersoftheAcademy.ThereportisdiscussedattwomeetingsofthePhysicsClassoftheAcademy.October-NobelPrizelaureatesarechosen.InearlyOctober,theAcademyselectstheNobelPrizelaureatesinphysicsthroughamajorityvote.Thedecisionisfinalandwithoutappeal.ThenamesoftheNobelLaureatesarethenannounced.December-NobelPrizelaureatesreceivetheirprize.TheNobelPrizeawardceremonytakesplaceon10DecemberinStockholm,wheretheNobelPrizelaureatesreceivetheirNobelPrize,whichconsistsofaNobelPrizemedalanddiploma(證書),andadocumentconfirmingtheprizeamount.1.WhenshouldnominationformsbesentbacktotheNobelCommitteeinthefollowingyear?A.LaterthanMarch. B.LaterthanApril.C.EarlierthanFebruary. D.LaterthanAugust.2.WheredoestheNobelPrizelaureatesreceivetheirNobelPrize?A.InStockholm. B.InNewYork. C.InCanberra. D.InLondon.3.TheNobelPrizeisNOTmadeupof_________.A.Amedal. B.Adiploma. C.Adocument. D.Asouvenir.【答案】1.C2.A3.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹對諾貝爾物理學(xué)獎(jiǎng)獲得者評比過程的簡要描述?！?題詳解】微小環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)February-Deadlineforsubmission.部分“ThecompletednominationformsmustreachtheNobelCommitteenolaterthan31stJanuaryofthefollowingyear.(填寫好的提名表格必需在次年1月31日之前送達(dá)諾貝爾委員會(huì)。)”可知，填寫好的提名表格必需在次年1月31日之前送達(dá)諾貝爾委員會(huì)，即早于二月送達(dá)諾貝爾委員會(huì)。故選C?！?題詳解】微小環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)December-NobelPrizelaureatesreceivetheirprize.部分“TheNobelPrizeawardceremonytakesplaceon10DecemberinStockholm,wheretheNobelPrizelaureatesreceivetheirNobelPrize(諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)?lì)C獎(jiǎng)典禮將于12月10日在斯德哥爾摩實(shí)行，諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)獲得者將在那里領(lǐng)取諾貝爾獎(jiǎng))”可知，諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)獲得者在斯德哥爾摩領(lǐng)取諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)。故選A?！?題詳解】微小環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)December-NobelPrizelaureatesreceivetheirprize.部分“theNobelPrizelaureatesreceivetheirNobelPrize,whichconsistsofaNobelPrizemedalanddiploma(證書),andadocumentconfirmingtheprizeamount.(諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)獲得者將獲得他們的諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)，其中包括一枚諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)獎(jiǎng)?wù)潞妥C書，以及一份確認(rèn)獎(jiǎng)金金額的文件。)”可知，諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)包括一枚諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)獎(jiǎng)?wù)潞妥C書，以及一份確認(rèn)獎(jiǎng)金金額的文件，沒有紀(jì)念品。故選D。BTheUKGovernmenthasannouncedplanstobuildeightnuclearpowerreactorsaspartofitsnewenergystrategyBy2030,theGovernmentwants95%oftheUK’selectricitytocomefromlow-carbonenergysources.Carbondioxideisagreenhousegasthatisreleasedfromtheburningoffossilfuels(coal,oilandgas).Itisabigcauseofclimatechange-long-termshiftsinweatherpatterns,includingrisingtemperatures.TheGovernmentwantstoincreaserenewableenergysources,suchaswindturbinesandsolarpanels.TheGovernmenthopesthatby2030,50gigawatts(億瓦特)ofenergywillcomefromoffshorewindfarms(onesthatstandinthesea).That’senoughtopowerallthehousesintheUK.Therearealsoplanstobuildeightnewnuclearreactors.Nuclearreactorsgenerate(產(chǎn)生)energythroughaprocesscallednuclearfission(裂變),whenheavyatomsaresplitintolighterones.TheGovernmentwantstomaketheUK’senergycleanerandcheaper,andfortheUKtoproduceitsownenergyratherthanrelyingonothercountries.Russia’sinvasionofUkrainehasaffectedtheworld’sgasandoilsupply,makingpowermoreexpensive.TheUKPrimeMinister,BorisJohnson,saystheplanswillleadtocleanandsecureenergymadeinBritain.Somepeoplehavesaidthattheseplansdon’tgofarenoughandwon’thelppeoplewhoarestrugglingwithhighenergybillsatthemoment.LabourPartyleaderKeirStarmerhassaidthattheGovernmentshoulddomoretoinsulatepeople’shomes.Insulatinghomesiswhenmaterialisputinsideahousetostopheatfromgettingout.Itmeanspeoplewouldneedtouselessenergytoheattheirhomes.4.Whatdoestheunderlined“It”refertointhesecondparagraph?A.Carbondioxide. B.Afossilfuel.C.Arenewableenergysource. D.Thelow-carbonenergysource.5.WhatcanweinferfromParagraph3?A.TheGovernmentwantstobemoreindependentonenergyproduction.B.Nuclearreactorsproduceenergythroughnuclearfission.C.TheUKisunwillingtoproduceitsownenergy.D.Intheprocessofnuclearfission,lighteratomsaresplitintoheavyones.6.Whatissomepeople’sattitudetowardstheenergyplan?A.Supportive. B.Unconcerned.C.Unappreciative. D.Satisfied.7.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.CheaperEnergyintheUKB.ElectricityfromLow-carbonEnergySourcesC.TheUKGovernmentBuildsEightNuclearReactorsD.TheUKGovernmentLaunchesEnergyPlan【答案】4.A5.A6.C7.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講解并描述了英國政府啟用能源支配?！?題詳解】詞義揣測題。依據(jù)第一段“Carbondioxideisagreenhousegasthatisreleasedfromtheburningoffossilfuels(coal,oilandgas).Itisabigcauseofclimatechange-long-termshiftsinweatherpatterns,includingrisingtemperatures.(二氧化碳是燃燒化石燃料(煤、石油和自然氣)時(shí)釋放的一種溫室氣體。它是氣候變更的一個(gè)重要緣由——天氣模式的長期變更，包括氣溫上升。)”分析可知，it指代的是二氧化碳，故選A。【5題詳解】推理推斷題。依據(jù)第三段“TheGovernmentwantstomaketheUK’senergycleanerandcheaper,andfortheUKtoproduceitsownenergyratherthanrelyingonothercountries.(政府希望使英國的能源更清潔，更便宜，并為英國生產(chǎn)自己的能源，而不是依靠其他國家。)”可推斷政府希望在能源生產(chǎn)方面更加獨(dú)立。故選A?！?題詳解】推理推斷題。依據(jù)倒數(shù)其次段“TheUKPrimeMinister,BorisJohnson,saystheplanswillleadtocleanandsecureenergymadeinBritain.Somepeoplehavesaidthattheseplansdon’tgofarenoughandwon’thelppeoplewhoarestrugglingwithhighenergybillsatthemoment.(英國首相鮑里斯·約翰遜(BorisJohnson)表示，這些支配將導(dǎo)致英國制造清潔、平安的能源。一些人說，這些支配還遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠，無法幫助那些目前正與昂揚(yáng)的能源賬單作斗爭的人們。)”可推斷一些人對能源支配不賞識，故選C?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。通斷全文，尤其第一段“TheUKGovernmenthasannouncedplanstobuildeightnuclearpowerreactorsaspartofitsnewenergystrategy.(英國政府宣布支配建立8座核反應(yīng)堆，作為其新能源戰(zhàn)略的一部分。)”可知文章主要講解并描述了英國政府啟用能源支配，D項(xiàng)“英國政府啟動(dòng)能源支配”適合作文章標(biāo)題。故選D。

CIaccidentallyfoundatimecapsule,inpurpleandgreenfloss(絲線)inthemidstofsortingoutsomeoldthingslastmonth.Fadedandworn,itwasafriendshipbracelet(手鏈)—animportantpartofmyteenagesummers.Holdingitinmyhandmademethinkaboutthosepreciousmemoriesofchildhood,whichmykidswillneverknowfirsthand.Myhandiworkwasn’tbeautiful.ButwhatIrememberisthebeautyoftheoffering:slippingsomethingintoafriend’shandandknowingitwouldalwaysbewiththem.Theexperiencewasintoxicating—liketheseriousbusinessofexchangingweddingrings,itwasasymbolofanunbreakablebond.Thosebraceletsrepresentedhowmuchwemeanttoeachother,atatimewhenourfriendswerebecomingthecenterofourlives.Isleptwithmybraceletsandshoweredwiththem.Iworethemallsummerlongatcamp.AndIacquirednewbraceletsfromfriendsthere—friendswhoreceivedcarefullycraftedbraceletsfrommeinreturn,aswesaidourtearfulend-of-summergoodbyes.Ithoughthavingthemhelpedeasethepainofleavingmyfriends.ButnowIseethattheywerereallyhelpingmetoleavebehindchildhood.Mykidsdon’tgotosummercamp.Theycertainlydon’texchangeanythingasuncoolasbraceletswiththeirfriends.TheyhangoutonDiscord(一種閑聊工具)inchatsthatonlypausebutneverend.OureldestsonendlesslytextsonhiscellphoneasheandhisfriendsmakeoneanothertalkingemojisandTikTokvideos.Theirrelationshipswiththeirphonesleavenotimeorspaceforwritinglettersormakingbracelets,andtheirgiftstooneanotherleavenoclearanddefinitetraces.Therewillbenoboxesofletterstosortyearsfromnownoranyhiddenbraceletstofind.Theywillhavelittletophysicallyholdonto.8.Whydoestheauthorcompareabracelettoatimecapsule?AItisfadedandworn.B.Itisshapedlikeacapsule.C.Itremindsherofherchildhood.D.Itwasmadebytheauthorherself.9.Whichofthefollowingwordscanbestreplacetheunderlinedword“intoxicating”inParagraph2?A.Exciting. B.Terrible.C.Professional. D.Strange.10.Whydoestheauthorthinkherkids’childhoodisdifferentfromhers?A.Theyspendtoomuchtimeontheircellphones.B.Theymakemorefriendsatsummercamp.C.Theyareunwillingtogivebraceletstoparents.D.Theyoftensendhand-madegiftstotheirfriends.11.Whatcanbeimpliedaboutthefriendshipbracelets?A.Theyprovedtheauthor’skidshadmuchtophysicallyholdonto.B.Theygavemeaningtotheauthor’schildhoodinawayherkidswillneverknow.C.Theyrepresentedboththeauthorandherkids’unforgettablechildhood.D.Theyrecalledtheauthor’sdeepsorrowofleavingclosefriendsatsummercamp.【答案】8.C9.A10.A11.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。文章講解并描述了作者發(fā)覺了一條手鏈，讓她回想起童年和摯友們交換禮物，也感嘆如今手機(jī)等電子設(shè)備的出現(xiàn)，孩子們沉醉于虛擬世界，閑聊軟件，而失去了這種溝通的方式?！?題詳解】微小環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段“Fadedandworn,itwasafriendshipbracelet(手鏈)—animportantpartofmyteenagesummers.(這是一個(gè)友情手鏈，褪色了，磨損了，這是我少年時(shí)代夏天的重要組成部分。)”可知，這串手鏈與作者童年的夏天有著重要的聯(lián)系，所以把手鏈與時(shí)間膠囊聯(lián)系起來正是因?yàn)槭宙溩屪髡呦氲搅俗约和甑南奶臁９蔬xC?！?題詳解】詞句揣測題。依據(jù)劃線詞前句“Myhandiworkwasn’tbeautiful.ButwhatIrememberisthebeautyoftheoffering:slippingsomethingintoafriend’shandandknowingitwouldalwaysbewiththem.(我的手藝并不美麗。但我記得的是送禮物的奇異之處：把某樣?xùn)|西塞到摯友手里，知道它將恒久陪伴著他們。)”和后半句“l(fā)iketheseriousbusinessofexchangingweddingrings,itwasasymbolofanunbreakablebond.(就像交換結(jié)婚戒指的肅穆交易一樣，它象征著顛撲不破的紐帶。)”可知，作者的手工藝品并不是很美，但是當(dāng)把它送給摯友時(shí)意義變得深刻。所以這樣的體驗(yàn)是令人興奮的。所以intoxicating為“令人興奮的”之意。故選A。【10題詳解】微小環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)倒數(shù)其次段“TheyhangoutonDiscord(一種閑聊工具)inchatsthatonlypausebutneverend.OureldestsonendlesslytextsonhiscellphoneasheandhisfriendsmakeoneanothertalkingemojisandTikTokvideos.(他們在Discord上閑聊，只會(huì)暫停，不會(huì)結(jié)束。我們的大兒子不停地在手機(jī)上發(fā)短信，他和摯友們相互制作會(huì)說話的表情包和TikTok視頻。)”可知，作者認(rèn)為與以前不同的是現(xiàn)在的孩子們花太多的時(shí)間在手機(jī)上。故選A。【11題詳解】推理推斷題。依據(jù)最終一段“Therewillbenoboxesofletterstosortyearsfromnownoranyhiddenbraceletstofind.Theywillhavelittletophysicallyholdonto.(若干年后，不會(huì)再有一盒盒的信件須要整理，也不會(huì)有任何隱藏的手鐲須要找尋。他們幾乎沒有什么可以依靠的東西。)”可知，代表友情的手鏈只有作者有，她的孩子沒有。作者提到了手鏈讓她想起了奇異的童年生活，而這種感受當(dāng)今的孩子們是無法體會(huì)的，因?yàn)樗麄兇蠖鄶?shù)沉醉在虛擬世界。這些手鏈以一種她的孩子們恒久不會(huì)知道的方式賜予了作者童年的意義。故選B。DTheBestWaytoEnjoyaBookIamnosloweater.Ican’trememberthenumberoftimesIwastoldasachildnottogobblemyfood.NorhaveIbeenaslowreader.IwentthroughbookslikecombineharvestersthroughcropsintheEnglishvillageofmychildhood.PerhapsIwillcontinuetogobblemyfooduntilmylastmealonthisplanet.Butbooks!Theyareanentirelydifferentmatter.Havingbeenpreventedfromvisitingbookstoresandlibrariesduringthesedaysofisolation.Ihavedecidedtomakechanges.Afteralldidn’tsomeoneoncesay,“It’sanillwindthatblowsnobodyanygood.”Iimagineslowreadingtobelikeslowcooking:avarietyofingredientsmixedintosomethingonecantrulyenjoy.Slowreadingmeansenjoyingeachsentence,absorbingallofthoseparagraphsofdescriptionthathadprobablybeensweatedoverbytheauthorand,moreoftenthannot,skippedoverbyreaderslikeme.Thisisn’ttosayIpayonlyrandomattentiontoabook.Beforedecidingononetobuyorborrow,Ialwaysreadthesynopsisandthe“AbouttheAuthor”section.Iwouldalsoreadthededication,theforewordandtheauthor’sacknowledgments.OnlythendoImoveontothebook’sopeningsentence.ThisisessentiallyhowIhadselectedthetwobooksthatImostrecentlyfinished.Inordertotrulyenjoythesetwonovels,Irationedmyreadingtotwohoursaday-nomoreandnoless.Afunnythinghappenswhenyoutaketwohoursoutoftheday-everyday–forsomethingyoureally,reallyenjoy.IexperiencedaquietsenseofaccomplishmentthatIhadmissedforyears.EnglishwriterKateAtkinson’sTranscriptionhasbeenadvertisedas“anovelofraredepthfromoneofthebestwritersofourtime.”Award-winningNewfoundlerMichaelCrummey’sTheInnocents,meanwhile,issaidtobe“arichlyimaginedandfascinatingstoryofhardshipandsurvival.”IamgladIdidn’treadTranscriptionatmyusualpace.IsuspectIwouldhavemissedmuchofthebrillianceofthewriting.Instead,Imademyselfcompletelyinvolvedinthelifeof18-year-oldJulie.Ioftenpausedattheendofachaptertorereaditforthejoyoflaughingaloudattheheroine’observations.TheInnocentsisaboutthelifeoftwoorphansinanisolatedbayinNewfoundland.Itwashardnottorunthroughthispowerfulnarrative—butIresistedthetemptation.MypatiencewasrewardedwithadeeperunderstandingofthecharacterandrichdescriptionofnorthernNewfoundland—sorealthatIcouldalmostfeelthelichen(地衣)betweenmytoes.SohereIam,twobooksfinishedthattookmeamonthtoread.Ihavebeenentertained,enrichedandtransportedintimeandplacelikeIneverhavebefore.Havingdiscoveredthejoysoftakingmytimeoverabooknow,IdoubtIwilleveragainannounceproudly,“Itonlytookmeadayoracoupleofhourstofinish!”12.Accordingtothearticletheauthorusedto______.A.readnovelswhilegobblingherfood.B.spendnomorethantwohoursreadingeveryday.C.consideritawasteoftimetoreadfictionalstories.D.finishreadingabookinadayorevenacoupleofhours.13.Theunderlinedproverb“It’sanillwindthatblowsnobodyanygood,”probablymeans______.A.eventhecraziestideascanbecomepopular.B.eventhemostpopularideascangooutoffashion.C.eventhemostpositivesituationscanharmsomeone.D.eventhemostnegativesituationscanbenefitsomeone.14.Theauthorcomparedreadingtocookinginordertoillustratethat______.A.itisfuntoreadbookrelatedtofood.B.itisrewardingtopickupvarioustypesofbooks.C.itisworthwhiletoappreciatethebrillianceofeverysentence.D.Itisimportanttoreadthesynopsisbeforedecidingonabooktoread.15.WhilereadingTheInnocents,theauthor______.A.imaginedherselftobeanorphan.B.endedupwithadeepappreciationofthestory.C.readthroughthedescriptivepartofthebookquickly.D.thoughtabouttherelationshipbetweenhardshipandsurvival.【答案】12.D13.D14.C15.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。主要告知人們在讀書時(shí)應(yīng)當(dāng)回來細(xì)讀?！?2題詳解】推理推斷題。依據(jù)第一段最終一句“NorhaveIbeenaslowreader.IwentthroughbookslikecombineharvestersthroughcropsintheEnglishvillageofmychildhood.”（我讀書也不慢。我閱讀書籍就像我童年的英國村莊里聯(lián)合收割機(jī)收割莊稼一樣）可推知，我以前讀書整個(gè)吞棗，故選D項(xiàng)。【13題詳解】詞義揣測題。依據(jù)前句“Havingbeenpreventedfromvisitingbookstoresandlibrariesduringthesedaysofisolation.Ihavedecidedtomakechanges.”（因?yàn)樵诟綦x期間被阻擋進(jìn)入書店和圖書館，我確定做出變更）可知，這一原本不好的事情對作者產(chǎn)生了主動(dòng)的影響，所以“It’sanillwindthatblowsnobodyanygood.”（沒有確定的壞事）應(yīng)理解為“即使是最消極的狀況也能讓人受益”，故選D項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】推理推斷題。依據(jù)第三段其次句“Iimagineslowreadingtobelikeslowcooking:avarietyofingredientsmixedintosomethingonecantrulyenjoy.Slowreadingmeansenjoyingeachsentence,absorbingallofthoseparagraphsofdescriptionthathadprobablybeensweatedoverbytheauthorand,moreoftenthannot,skippedoverbyreaderslikeme.”（我想象慢閱讀就像慢烹飪：將各種食材混合在一起，成為人們真正寵愛的東西。慢速閱讀意味著享受每句話，吸取全部的描述段落，這些段落可能是作者挖空心事寫的，而像我這樣的讀者往往會(huì)跳過）可推知，作者作者把閱讀比作烹飪是為了證明細(xì)細(xì)品讀是值得的，故選C項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】微小環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)倒數(shù)其次段其次句“MypatiencewasrewardedwithadeeperunderstandingofthecharacterandrichdescriptionofnorthernNewfoundland”（我的耐性得到了回報(bào)，我對人物和紐芬蘭島的豐富的描述有了更深的理解）可知，作者對該書的故事理解更深，故選B項(xiàng)。其次節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Webuywhatweneedandwant.Butatthesametime,wealsoneedtomakesurethatwearenotshortofcashwhileshoppingandwearesavingourmoneywitheverypurchasewemake.Belowaresomesimpletips.Makeashoppinglist.Whenyoulisttheitemsyouwanttoshopfor,youdon’tbuyexcessivelyorimpulsively(過度或沖動(dòng)地)whileshopping.____16____Thishelpsyoutosavemoneyandmovewithinabudget.Compareprices.____17____Instead,lookandfindtheproductinotherstorestoseewhichoffersthecheapestprice.Youcancheckonlinesitestoo.Leavethestorewhenindoubt.Ifyoucannotdecidewhethertobuyaproduct,donotmakeapurchase.Instead,leavethestore.Ifyoudecidelaterthatyouwantit,youcanalwaysvisittheshopnexttime.____18____Watchoutforsaleoffers.Don’tgoforitemsonsaleiftheyarenotneeded,eveniftheyarebeingofferedatacheapprice.Onlybuywhatyouneed.____19____Don’tchoosefriendswhoareshopaholics(購物狂)themselvesandlovetoseeyouspendingbecauseitmakesthemfeelbetterabouttheirpurchases.Instead,gotomallswithfriendswhodonotpressureyoutobuyanythingbutgiveyouanhonestopinionandhelpyouinmakingyourpurchase.____20____However,withsomeeffortandtime,youwillbeabletobuildabiggersavingsaccountandahealthierbudget.A.Ifyoucanmakeit,thendon’tbuy.B.Savingwhileshoppingisnoteasy.C.Pickyourshoppingfriendswisely.D.Thinkbeforebuying:AmIgoingtoneedit?E.Theruleallowsyoutobuyonlywhat’sonthelist.F.Chancesarethatyou’llbegladthatyousavedthemoney.G.Don’tjustbuyrightawayonseeingaproductyoufind.【答案】16.E17.G18.D19.C20.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了購物時(shí)如何省錢的建議?！?6題詳解】依據(jù)小標(biāo)題“Makeashoppinglist.(列一張購物清單)”和前句“Whenyoulisttheitemsyouwanttoshopfor,youdon’tbuyexcessivelyorimpulsively(過度或沖動(dòng)地)whileshopping.(當(dāng)你列出你想買的東西時(shí)，你不會(huì)在購物時(shí)過度或沖動(dòng)地購買)”可知，購物時(shí)只買購物清單的東西。所以E“Theruleallowsyoutobuyonlywhat’sonthelist.(這條規(guī)定允許你只買清單上的東西)”符合上下文語境。故選E。【17題詳解】依據(jù)小標(biāo)題“Compareprices.(比較價(jià)格)”和后句“Instead,lookandfindtheproductinotherstorestoseewhichoffersthecheapestprice.(相反，在其他商店找尋產(chǎn)品，看看哪個(gè)供應(yīng)最便宜的價(jià)格)”可知，購物時(shí)要比較價(jià)格，不要一看到產(chǎn)品就買。所以G“Don’tjustbuyrightawayonseeingaproductyoufind.(不要一看到產(chǎn)品就馬上買)”符合上下文語境。故選G?！?8題詳解】依據(jù)小標(biāo)題“Leavethestorewhenindoubt.(假如有疑問就離開商店)”和前文“Ifyoucannotdecidewhethertobuyaproduct,donotmakeapurchase.Instead,leavethestore.Ifyoudecidelaterthatyouwantit,youcanalwaysvisittheshopnexttime.(假如你不能確定是否購買一個(gè)產(chǎn)品，就不要購買。相反，離開商店。假如你后來確定你想要它，你可以隨時(shí)下次去商店)”可知，購物時(shí)要想清晰是否的確須要購買此產(chǎn)品。所以D“Thinkbeforebuying:AmIgoingtoneedit?(買之前想清晰：我須要它嗎？)”符合上下文語境。故選D?！?9題詳解】這里為本段小標(biāo)題。依據(jù)下文“Don’tchoosefriendswhoareshopaholics(購物狂)themselvesandlovetoseeyouspendingbecauseitmakesthemfeelbetterabouttheirpurchases.Instead,gotomallswithfriendswhodonotpressureyoutobuyanythingbutgiveyouanhonestopinionandhelpyouinmakingyourpurchase.(不要選擇那些寵愛看你花錢的摯友，因?yàn)檫@會(huì)讓他們對自己的購買感覺更好。相反，和摯友一起去購物中心，他們不會(huì)強(qiáng)迫你買東西，而是會(huì)給你一個(gè)懇切的看法，幫助你購物)”可知，本段介紹要明智地選擇一起購物的摯友。所以C“Pickyourshoppingfriendswisely.(明智地選擇你的購物摯友)”符合上下文語境。故選C。【20題詳解】依據(jù)后句“However,withsomeeffortandtime,youwillbeabletobuildabiggersavingsaccountandahealthierbudget.(然而，通過一些努力和時(shí)間，你將能夠建立一個(gè)更大的儲蓄賬戶和一個(gè)更健康的預(yù)算)”可知，雖然邊購物邊存錢并不簡潔，但通過以上一些簡潔的建議，就能夠更健康地消費(fèi)。所以B“Savingwhileshoppingisnoteasy.(邊購物邊存錢并不簡潔)”符合上下文語境。故選B。第三部分語言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。Howlongcanhumanbeingslive?Mostscientistswhostudyoldagethinkthatthehumanbodyis

___21___

tolivenolongerthan120years.However,110yearsisprobablythelongestthatanyonecouldhopetolive—ifheorsheis

___22___

healthyandlucky.Somescientistsevensaywecanliveaslongas130years!Yet,ourcellssimplycannotcontinuetoreproduce

___23___.Theywearout,andasaresult,wegetoldand

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die.Eventhoughwecan’tliveforever,wearelivinga

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lifethaneverbefore.In1900,theaverageAmericanlifespan(壽命)wasonly47years,buttodayitis75years!Whendoesoldagebeginthen?Sixty-fivemaybeout-of-dateasthe

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linebetweenmiddleageandoldage.Afterall,manyolderpeopledon’tbegintoexperiencephysicalandmental

___27___

untilafterage75.Peoplearelivinglongerbecausemorepeople

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childhood.Beforemodernmedicinechangedthelawsofnature,manychildrendiedofcommonchildhood

___29___.Nowthatthechancesofdying

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aremuchlower,thechancesoflivinglongaremuchhigherduetobetterdietsandhealthcare.Onthewhole,ourpopulationisgettingolder.The

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inourpopulationwillhavelastingeffectsonoursocialdevelopmentandourwayoflife.Somepeoplefearsuchchangeswillbefortheworse,whilesomesee

___32___,notdisaster.Today,manymenandwomenintheir"goldenyears"arehealthy,stillactive,andyoungin

___33___

ifnotinage.Asoursocietygrowsold,weneedthe

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ofouroldercitizens.Withlonglivesaheadofthem,theyneedto

___35___

activeandbedevoted.21.A.designed B.selected C.improved D.discovered22.A.completely B.generally C.apparently D.extremely23.A.rapidly B.harmlessly C.endlessly D.separately24.A.eventually B.hopelessly C.automatically D.desperately25.A.busier B.longer C.richer D.happier26.A.finishing B.guiding C.waiting D.dividing27.A.stress B.damage C.decline D.failure28.A.survive B.enjoy C.remember D.value29.A.problems B.fears C.worries D.diseases30.A.poor B.young C.sick D.quiet31.A.changes B.recovery C.safety D.increases32.A.dreams B.chances C.strengths D.choices33.A.mind B.appearance C.voice D.movement34.A.protection B.suggestions C.contributions D.permission35.A.sound B.appear C.turn D.stay【答案】21.A22.D23.C24.A25.B26.D27.C28.A29.D30.B31.A32.B33.A34.C35.D【解析】【分析】本文是說明文。這篇短文講解并描述的是人的壽命是有限的，但是隨著社會(huì)的發(fā)展，生活水平的提高，人們的壽命比以前更長了，而且老齡化已經(jīng)成為了社會(huì)的一個(gè)趨勢。我們的社會(huì)須要這些老年人們接著保持主動(dòng)的心態(tài)，為社會(huì)做貢獻(xiàn)。【21題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞及語境的理解。句意：大多數(shù)探討年齡的科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為人體被設(shè)計(jì)的不會(huì)活過120歲。designed設(shè)計(jì)；selected選擇，選擇；improved提高，改善；discovered發(fā)覺。依據(jù)livenolongerthan120years可知，人類最多不會(huì)活過120歲，科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為人體的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)確定的，bedesignedtodo被設(shè)計(jì)，故應(yīng)選A?！?2題詳解】考查副詞及語境的理解。句意：然而110歲可能是人們希望能活的最長的壽命-假如他特別的健康和幸運(yùn)。completely完全地；generally一般地；apparently明顯地；extremely極其，特別。依據(jù)thelongestthatanyonecouldhopetolive可知，假如一個(gè)人特別的健康而且很幸運(yùn)，人們希望能活到110歲。故選D?！?3題詳解】考查副詞及語境的理解。句意：然而我們的細(xì)胞不會(huì)始終無止境的再生。rapidly快速地；harmlessly無害地；endlessly無止境的；separately分別地，分開地。依據(jù)Theywearout,andasaresult可知，因?yàn)槿梭w的細(xì)胞會(huì)耗盡，不會(huì)無止境的再生。因此應(yīng)選C?！?4題詳解】考查副詞及語境的理解。句意：他們（細(xì)胞）漸漸消耗盡，結(jié)果我們就會(huì)變老最終死亡。eventually最終；hopelessly沒有希望地；automatically自動(dòng)地；desperately無望地，自暴自棄地。依據(jù)Theywearout,andasaresult,wegetold可知，這里在說人的生長過程。選A?！?5題詳解】考查形容詞及語境的理解。句意：盡管我們不能永久的活著，我們的壽命比以前是更長了。busier更忙的；longer更長的；richer更富有的；happier更快樂的。依據(jù)thaneverbefore可知，現(xiàn)在人的壽命比以前更長了。故選B?！?6題詳解】考查形容詞及語境的理解。句意：作為中年和老年的分界線，65歲可能已經(jīng)過時(shí)了。finishing完成；guiding指導(dǎo)，指引；waiting等待；dividing劃分。依據(jù)Sixty-fivemaybeout-of-date可知，把65歲當(dāng)做中年和老年的分界線，這已經(jīng)不適合現(xiàn)在的形勢了。dividingline分界線，故選D?！?7題詳解】考查名詞及語境的理解。句意：終歸，許多老年人直到75歲之后才起先閱歷身體和精神的衰落。stress壓力，壓迫；damage損壞；decline衰落，衰弱；failure失敗。依據(jù)untilafterage75可知，把65歲當(dāng)做中年和老年的分界線，現(xiàn)在許多老年人是在75歲之后身體和精神才起先衰弱的，故選C?！?8題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞及語境的理解。句意：現(xiàn)在人們活得更長因?yàn)楦嗟娜藦耐曛行掖嫦聛怼urvive幸存；enjoy寵愛，觀賞；remember記得；value價(jià)值，估價(jià)。依據(jù)這一段的內(nèi)容和thechancesoflivinglongaremuchhigherduetoabetterdietsandhealthcare可知，現(xiàn)在的人平均壽命比以前更長的一個(gè)緣由是人們從童年的疾病中幸存了下來，故選A?！?9題詳解】考查名詞及語境的理解。句意：在現(xiàn)代醫(yī)學(xué)變更了自然的法則之前，許多孩子死于常見的兒童疾病。problems問題；fears恐驚，膽怯 ；worries擔(dān)憂；diseases疾病。依據(jù)Beforemodernmedicinechangedthelawsofnature,可知，由于以前沒有現(xiàn)代藥物，當(dāng)時(shí)許多普遍的兒童因?yàn)榧膊《?，所以?dǎo)致平均壽命比較低。故選D?！?0題詳解】考查形容詞及語境的理解。句意：既然年少夭折的可能性更低了，那么活得更長的機(jī)會(huì)就更高了，因?yàn)橛辛烁玫娘嬍澈歪t(yī)學(xué)護(hù)理。poor窮的；young年輕的；sick病的；quiet寧靜的。依據(jù)thechancesoflivinglongaremuchhigher可知，以前人們在小的時(shí)候就因?yàn)樯∷廊チ?，現(xiàn)在少年死去的幾率低了，dyingyoung就是年少死去。故選B。【31題詳解】考查名詞及語境的理解。句意：人口結(jié)構(gòu)的變更會(huì)對我們社會(huì)的發(fā)展和我們的生活方式有持續(xù)的影響。changes變更；recovery復(fù)原；safety平安；increases增長，增加。依據(jù)下文中Somepeoplefearsuchchangeswill…可知，我們現(xiàn)在的人口結(jié)構(gòu)變更了，故選A。【32題詳解】考查名詞及語境的理解。句意：一些人擔(dān)憂這個(gè)變更將會(huì)帶來一些壞處，然而還有一些人看到的是機(jī)會(huì)，而不是災(zāi)難。dreams幻想；chances機(jī)會(huì)；strengths力氣；choices選擇。依據(jù)句意可知，這句話中的while表示對比，即跟前一種人不一樣的看法，故選B。【33題詳解】考查名詞及語境的理解。句意：現(xiàn)在，許多處在“黃金年齡”的男士和女士，身體都特別健康，照舊主動(dòng)，心態(tài)也很年輕。mind心態(tài)；appearance外表；voice聲音；movement移動(dòng)。依據(jù)healthy,stillactive,andyoungin13ifnotinage.可知，這里應(yīng)當(dāng)是說雖然年齡老了，但是心態(tài)照舊年輕，故選A?！?4題詳解】考查名詞及語境的理解。句意：隨著我們的社會(huì)老齡化，我們須要這些老年公民們的貢獻(xiàn)。protection疼惜；suggestions建議；contributions貢獻(xiàn)；permission允許。依據(jù)theyneedto15activeandbedevoted.可知，現(xiàn)在的社會(huì)漸漸老齡化，因此老年人也要接著給我們的社會(huì)做貢獻(xiàn)，故選C?！?5題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞及語境的理解。句意：前面還有很長的壽命，他們須要保持主動(dòng)的心態(tài)和奉獻(xiàn)的精神。sound聽起來；appear似乎；出現(xiàn)；turn轉(zhuǎn)，變成；stay保持。依據(jù)Withlonglivesaheadofthem,可知，現(xiàn)在人們的壽命更長了，因此老年人也要接著保持主動(dòng)心態(tài)，為我們的社會(huì)做貢獻(xiàn)。故應(yīng)選D。其次節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，依據(jù)中文或首字母，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Throughoutthecourseofhistory,itisthemoralsandv_____36_____ofhumanitythatmakesushumantheparagon(模范)oftheworld.ThinkofDr.LinQiaozhi.Unlikethem_____37_____ofgirlsofhertime,shestudiedhard____38____(admit)tothemedicaluniversity,andfinallybecameagreatwoman_____39_____(know)asthe“motheroftenthousandbabies”.ThenthinkoftheimmigrantswhowenttoAmericatoseektheirf____40____duringthegoldrush.Theys___41___downandopenedupshopstoe____42____aliving.Theybroughttheirownculturestothecountry,____43____(make)itanationwithgreatculturald____44____.Finally,therearescientistsanda____45____whoareintelligent,____46____(有耐性的)andbraveenoughtocarryonthismission____47____thehugerisks.Theybelievethe____48____(explore)ofthisfinalf____49____canhelpthem____50____(追求)abetterfutureformankind.【答案】36.ice##vice37.ost##most38.tobeadmitted39.known40.ortune##fortune41.earched##searched42.earn##arn43.making44.iversity##diversity45.dventurers##adventurers46.patient47.and48.exploration49.aith##faith50.pursue【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章通過舉例闡述了人性的道德與邪惡?！?6題詳解】考查名詞。句意：縱觀歷史，正是人性的道德與邪惡，使我們?nèi)祟惓蔀槭澜绲牡浞?。依?jù)句意及首字母提示可知，此處為vice；設(shè)空處和and前的名詞并列，應(yīng)用名詞的形式，表示抽象概念，為不行數(shù)名詞。故填vice?！?7題詳解】考查代詞。句意：與她那個(gè)時(shí)代的大多數(shù)女孩不同，她努力學(xué)習(xí)，考上了醫(yī)科高校，最終成為了一位被稱為“萬嬰之母”的宏大女性。依據(jù)句意及首字母提示可知，此處為most，mostof(大部分的)。故填most?！?8題詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：與她那個(gè)時(shí)代的大多數(shù)女孩不同，她努力學(xué)習(xí)，考上了醫(yī)科高校，最終成為了一位被稱為“萬嬰之母”的宏大女性。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，設(shè)空處為非謂語動(dòng)詞，應(yīng)用不定式表目的，she和admit之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，因此用不定式的被動(dòng)。故填tobeadmitted?！?9題詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：不像她那個(gè)時(shí)代的大多數(shù)女孩，她努力學(xué)習(xí)考上了醫(yī)科高校，最終成為了一個(gè)有“萬胞胎之母”之稱的宏大女性。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處是固定短語beknownas“作為……而著名”，省略be動(dòng)詞運(yùn)用過去分詞，作定語。故填known?！?0題詳解】考查名詞。句意：再想想那些在淘金熱時(shí)期去美國淘金的移民。依據(jù)句意及首字母提示可知，此處為fortune(財(cái)寶)，為不行數(shù)名詞；空前為形容詞性的物主代詞，設(shè)空處應(yīng)用名詞的形式。故填fortune?！?1題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：他們四處找尋，開商店謀生。依據(jù)句意及首字母提示可知，此處為search(搜尋)，設(shè)空處在句中作謂語，敘述過去發(fā)生的事，應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)。故填searched?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：他們四處找尋，開商店謀生。依據(jù)句意及首字母提示可知，此處為earn，設(shè)空處應(yīng)為動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語，空前為to，earnaliving(謀生)是固定搭配。故填earn。【43題詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：他們把