熟悉計(jì)量系統(tǒng)(LNG)

1GetAcquaintedWithMeasurement

熟悉計(jì)量系統(tǒng)2OverviewofMeteringSystem計(jì)量系統(tǒng)概述1，MeteringSystemDesignPhilosophyAlltheFiscalMeteringStationsaredesignedfortherangeofgascompositionspecifiedandsizedtoaccommodatethemaximumgasdeliverycapacityofPhase-IandPhase-II.所有貿(mào)易計(jì)量站的氣體組分范圍和計(jì)量站規(guī)模都應(yīng)滿足一期和二期工程的最高輸氣量Allfiscalmeteringstationsaredesignedandconstructedtofiscal-meteringqualitywithanoverallerroroflessthan±1%onmeteredenergyacrosstheflowranges3Continue全部貿(mào)易計(jì)量站都是按照貿(mào)易計(jì)量等級設(shè)計(jì)和建設(shè)，整個流量范圍內(nèi)能量計(jì)量的總誤差低于±1%。Primarymeasurementisattainedfrommeterrun’sDanielSeniorsonicUSMandS600flowcomputer.FlowcomputerwillsendmeasurementdatatoGMSsystem.FlowconditioningfortheUSMisimprovedbyutilizingapipingconfigurationof5D+profiler+10Dupstreammetertubesand3Ddownstreammetertubes.基本計(jì)量值從計(jì)量管道的丹尼爾高級超聲波氣體流量計(jì)和S600流量計(jì)算機(jī)獲得。流量計(jì)算機(jī)將計(jì)量數(shù)據(jù)送往GMS系統(tǒng)。利用5D+斷面測量儀+10D上游流量計(jì)直管段和3D下游流量計(jì)直管段的管道配置對氣體超聲波流量計(jì)的流態(tài)進(jìn)行了改善4ContinueEachofthemeteringstationsarebasedona2x100%capacity（exceptforHKCG),withaprimarydutymeasurementstreamandsecondarystreamforuseasanonlinevalidationcheckmeterandinthecaseofprimaryfailureandinthecaseofprimaryfailure.Acrossoverlinecanlinkthetwostreamstogether(inseries)toenablegasflowthroughboththemeter-runsforverificationpurpose(exceptforterminalmeterstations).每個計(jì)量站以2x100%容量為基礎(chǔ)，配有主計(jì)量通道和備用計(jì)量通道(HKCG除外），備用計(jì)量通道作,為在線驗(yàn)證校驗(yàn)儀，并在主用通道發(fā)生故障時啟用。兩條通道可以通過跨接管連接起來（串接),使氣流同時通過兩條計(jì)量管道（接收站計(jì)量站除外）.5ContinueAnon-lineGasChromatographDanalyser570isinstalledforgascompositionanalyses.一臺在線色譜儀Danalyser570用于氣體組分分析。On-linehydrogensulphideandtotalsulfuranalyzer;on-linewaterandhydrocarbondewpointanalyzer;on-linemoistureanalyzer,theyareusedforgasqualitymonitoring.(Atterminal)在線硫化氫和總硫分析儀;在線水露點(diǎn)和烴露點(diǎn)分析儀;在線水分分析儀,它們用于氣體質(zhì)量監(jiān)控.(在接收站）6Atypicalmeteringstation典型計(jì)量站RS485或脈沖接收工況流量RS232/RS485色譜的分析數(shù)據(jù)溫度&壓力數(shù)據(jù)標(biāo)況流量,總能量,天然氣組分及管理所需的信息與上位機(jī)數(shù)字通信,包括所有診斷和報(bào)警信息計(jì)量系統(tǒng)略圖7Atypicaltrunklinemeterstationcomponents典型管線計(jì)量站組成DescriptionDetailQuantityTTRosemount3144P2PTRosemount3051S12PressureGaugesLocalindication2TemperatureGaugesLocalindication2USMDanielSeniorsonic2FlowProfilerDaniel2ManualValvesStreaminlet/outlet12PneumaticActuatedValvesStreamoutlet2LimitSwitchesActuatedC/Ovalves6RetractablesampleprobeGCsample18DPLNGOperationinfrastructureandCustomers

運(yùn)營組織結(jié)構(gòu)和客戶FlowSchematiccustomersRealTimeDatabyRS485ShipschedulingCustomersAccountManagementbasedonWebPageGMSLDSStep1NominationStep2InternalCoordinationandSchedulingFlowComputerFiscal

Metering價(jià)格GMASfirewallStep6InvoicingInformationFlowandWorkProcedureStep3ConfirmationStep4GasMeasurementanddelivertocustomerStep5PricingFinancialStep7BillingStep8PaymentTankinventoryLinepackPolarisMeteringdata9Volume&EnergyMeasurementThegasvelocity“v”ismeasuredbytheUSMandconvertedtovolumeatlineconditions“V”.氣體流速“

v”由超聲流量計(jì)測得并被轉(zhuǎn)換成在線條件下的體積”V“。Thevaluesofthelinetemperatureandpressureareinputtotheflowcomputer.在線條件下的溫度及壓力輸入到流量計(jì)算機(jī)An“Online”Chromatographanalyzesthegascomponentsanddownloadsthecompositiontotheflowcomputer.在線色譜儀分析氣體組成并下載到流量計(jì)算機(jī)10ContinueFlowcomputercalculatesvaluesfordensity,grossvolumeandgrossvolumetricheatingvalue(GHV)流量計(jì)算機(jī)計(jì)算密度,在線氣體總體積及體積總熱值。FlowcomputerconvertsthegrossvolumetocontractedorstandardconditionsvolumeVs.流量計(jì)算機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)換在線氣體體積成合同或者標(biāo)準(zhǔn)條件下的售氣條件體積Vs。Flowcomputercalculatesthetotalproductionenergy.Et=(Gj)=VsxEu

流量計(jì)算機(jī)計(jì)算生產(chǎn)總熱值Et

(吉焦)Billing帳單Billing=EtxPrice/Gj11MeasurementCriticalEquipment計(jì)量關(guān)鍵設(shè)備Therearetwocriticalequipmentsintheprocessofthegasmeasurement:天然氣計(jì)量中的兩樣關(guān)鍵設(shè)備Ultrasonicmeterandflowcomputer,theyareusedformeasuringflowrateandcalculatingthegasstandardvolumeSCMorSCF.超聲波流量計(jì)和流量計(jì)算機(jī),主要用于測量氣體流速和計(jì)算氣體標(biāo)準(zhǔn)體積立方米或立方英尺.Gaschromatograph,itisusedforanalyzingthegascomponentsandthermalunitenergyBTU/SCMcalculation.氣體色普儀,主要用于分析氣體組分和氣體單位熱值計(jì)算.12UltrasonicMeterPrinciple

超聲波流量計(jì)原理

Atypical4-PathHighAccuracyAdvancedTechnologyUSM一種典型的四通道高級超聲波流量計(jì).

13USMinstallation超聲波流量計(jì)的安裝14HowanUltrasonicFlowMeterWorks

超聲波工作原理Theflowmeterhastwoultrasonictransducers—oneupstreamandtheotherdownstream—facingeachotherinsideatube.

Thetransducerscanbeamultrasonicpulsesfromonetotheotherineitherdirection—withtheflowandagainsttheflow.

Apulsetravelingwiththeflowarrivessoonerthanonetravelingagainsttheflowandthistimedifferenceisrelatedtotheflowspeedinthemeter.

Onceweknowthevelocityofthefluidinsidethemeteroveraknowntimeinterval,itisasimplemattertoconvertthistoafluidvolumemeasurement

流量計(jì)有兩個超聲傳感器,一個安裝在上游另一個在下游,在計(jì)量管內(nèi)相互面對.兩個傳感器間可以順流和逆流發(fā)射超聲脈沖.順流超聲脈沖要比逆流超聲脈沖到達(dá)的時間要短,而這個時間差與流量計(jì)內(nèi)的流體流速有關(guān).一旦我們知道一定時間內(nèi)流量計(jì)內(nèi)的流體流速,我們就可以簡單地把它轉(zhuǎn)化為流量體積計(jì)量.15HowanUltrasonicFlowMeterWorks

超聲波工作原理傳輸時間.004LFlowXD傳輸時間.007.00316HowanUltrasonicFlowMeterWorks

超聲波工作原理OnepairofUltrasonictransducer

任意一對傳感器LFlowXDVC—speedofsound聲速;L—lengthofacousticpath聲道長度V—averagefluidspeed流體流速;x—distanceofacousticpath聲道距離

tdown=

Lc-v(x/L)

(1)tup=

Lc+v(x/L)

(2)17HowanUltrasonicFlowMeterWorks

超聲波工作原理c=L2(tdown+tup)tdowntupv=fluidspeed流體速度c=speedofsound聲速

tup=timetravelalongwithflow上游傳輸時間

tdown=timetravelagainstflow下游傳輸時間v=L2x(tdown-tup)tdowntup218Stateoffluidflow流體流態(tài)將流速簡化為三個區(qū)域ProfileandAreaRepresentation19MultipathUSM多通道超聲波流量計(jì)Cross-sectional

viewofamultipathUSM有代表性的多通道流量計(jì)Multipath多通道流量計(jì)ABCDVavg

=S

WnVnn=14Vn=L(t1-t2)2x(t1t2)220Geometryweightfactor幾何權(quán)重因子Wa=0.1382Wb

=0.3618Wc

=0.3618Wd=0.1382Multipath多通道流量計(jì)ChordAChordBChordCChordDGeometryweightfactordependsonhowprobeisinstalled.權(quán)重因子僅取決于探頭的幾何分布情況!21Flowconditioners整流器22Continue續(xù)Flowconditioningplatescanbeinstalledtoensurethataconsistentflowprofileisenteringtheultrasonicmeter.ProfilerConsistentflowprofileSwirlflow23Flowrate流量Flowratedependsonvelocityoffluidsandmeterrunsectionarea.流量取決于流體的流速和計(jì)量管截面積

流量=流速*截面積Flowrate=velocityxmeterrunsectionarea24USMCommunication超聲波流量計(jì)通訊SerialModbusRS-485(2-wire)toflowcomputer.(flowvelocitydata&basicdiagnosticdata)串行ModbusRS-485(兩線）聯(lián)流量計(jì)算機(jī)（傳輸流速及基本診斷數(shù)據(jù)）CUIcommunicationport用戶界面CUI通訊口25USMMonitoring超聲波流量計(jì)監(jiān)測Gain增益值Signalquality信號質(zhì)量SNR信－嘈比Velocityprofile流速特性Speedofsound聲速KeypointofnewversionAGA9isConditionBaseMonitoring新版AGA9要點(diǎn)是在線監(jiān)測超聲波26FlowcomputerFlobossS600流量計(jì)算機(jī)27FlowcomputerFlobossS600流量計(jì)算機(jī)TheFloBossS600isamicroprocessorbasedflowcomputer,utilizedtocarryoutmeterstreammonitoringandcalculationfunctions.該型流量計(jì)算機(jī)基于微處理器，用于執(zhí)行計(jì)量監(jiān)控及計(jì)算50MHz,i80486DX2processor28Flowcomputerfunction流量計(jì)算機(jī)作用PP&TTCompensationcomputation壓力及溫度補(bǔ)償計(jì)算convertstherawoperatingdataintostandardvolume(AGA81994)將原始數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)換為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)體積ReceivedatafromGCandenergyflowcomputation.(ISO6976:1995)接受來自色譜儀的數(shù)據(jù)計(jì)算能量流量。TransferdatatoSCADA&GMS傳遞數(shù)據(jù)到SCADA及GMS29MajorComponents主要構(gòu)件MainBoard–CPUTCP/IPEthernetcommunications(MODBUSProtocol)andprovides5SerialCommunicationsPortsTCP/IP以太網(wǎng)通信能力（MODBUS協(xié)議），并提供5個串行通信端口IndividualRS232/485serialcommunicationwithgaschromatographforGasCompositionData與氣相色譜儀的RS-232/485串行通信，用于獲

取氣體組分?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)30Continue續(xù)IndividualRS485serialcommunicationwithultrasonicflowmeterforFlowandBasicDiagnosticsdata與超聲波流量計(jì)的RS-485串行通信，用于獲取流量和基本診斷數(shù)據(jù)RS485serialcommunicationlinkforfurtherconnectiontoSCADA與SCADA連接的RS-485串行通信鏈路。Input/OutputBoardCPUboardtalkstoI/Oboardbyaddress.CPU板按地址與輸入/輸出板通信31Continue續(xù)S600OPERATORINTERFACEOperationoftheS600isthroughanoperatorinterfacecomprisinganLCDdisplayandkeypadS600通過操作員接口操作，操作員接口由LCD顯示屏和鍵盤構(gòu)成Keypad;Display;DisplayMatrix;ViewParameter

ReturntoMainMenu;ChangeValue;ChangeMode;Clear;ScientificNotation;Alarm;Print;DefaultDisplay;ProgramFunctionKeys;SecurityCode;32FlowcomputersecurityThesecuritysystemallowsupto50uniqueusers.安全系統(tǒng)最多支持50個不同用戶Eachuserisallocatedtwoindividualpasswords;oneisnumericforaccesstotheS600andtheotherisalphanumericforaccesstotheConfig600suiteofprogramsortheWebServer.每個用戶分配有兩個密碼；一個為數(shù)字密碼，用于使用S600，另一個為字母數(shù)字型密碼，用于使用Config600程序套件或網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)器。Eachuserisallocatedasecuritylevelbetween0(highest)and9(lowest).每個用戶還分配有一個在0（最高）到9（最低）之間的安全級別33Continue續(xù)TheS600flowcomputerwillgenerateanalarmandswitchovertolastgoodvalueunderthefollowingconditions:S600流量計(jì)算機(jī)會在下列條件下產(chǎn)生報(bào)警，并切換到最后一次正常值：Incasetheun-normalizedtotalfromtheGCcontrollergoesbeyondthespecifiedlimits如果氣相色譜儀控制器提供的未標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的累積量值超過規(guī)定限值。IncasethereisafaultsignalfromtheGC(e.g.,carriergaslowpressureetc.)如果氣相色譜儀有故障信號（例如，載氣壓力過低等）IncaseoffailureofcommunicationwithGC.如果與氣相色譜儀的通信發(fā)生故障。34Flowcomputeroperationmode流量計(jì)算機(jī)操作模式ModeOfOperation操作模式Measuredvalue:測量值Keypadvalue:鍵盤鍵入值Kaypad-Fvalue鍵盤鍵入與自動值MaintenanceMode維修模式35GCdatatoflowcomputer進(jìn)入流量計(jì)算機(jī)的數(shù)據(jù)ThefollowingdatawillbereadfromtheGCcontroller:如下數(shù)據(jù)將會從色譜儀控制器讀取Nitrogen(N2)氮?dú)?N2)CarbonDioxide(CO2)二氧化碳(CO2)Methane(C1)甲烷(C1)Ethane(C2)乙烷(C2)Propane(C3)丙烷(C3)i-Butane(iC4)異丁烷(iC4)n-Butane(nC4)正丁烷(nC4)i-Pentane(iC5)異戊烷(iC5)n-Pentane(nC5)正戊烷(nC5)Hexane(C6+)己烷(C6+)36Flowcomputercomputation流量計(jì)算機(jī)計(jì)算ConvertUSMmeasuredgasvelocityVeltoon-lineconditionflowrate.

Temperatureandpressurecorrectedvolumetricflowrateofthegasthroughthespool.(m3/hour)流經(jīng)計(jì)量管道經(jīng)過壓力溫度校正的體積流量Measuredvelocityflowratewithinthespool(m/s)；計(jì)量管道內(nèi)測得的流速Calibratedinternaldiameterofthespoolbody校正過的計(jì)量管內(nèi)徑37Continue續(xù)Correctionfactorfortheeffectsofpressureonthespool；計(jì)量管壓力影響校正系數(shù)Correctionfactorfortheeffectsoftemperatureonthespool；計(jì)量管溫度影響校正系數(shù)MeterFactorcorrectionbasedonflowrate基于流速的計(jì)量校正系數(shù)VelocitycorrectionforReynoldsnumber.(OnlyrequiredonJuniorSonicmeters).ForSeniorsonicmeters,asinthisproject,CFact=1.雷諾數(shù)速度校正系數(shù)（僅限低級超聲流量計(jì)），對高級超聲流量計(jì)，象DPLNG項(xiàng)目，CFact=1。Where：38Continue續(xù)Where：39Standardvolumeflowrate&Energyflowrate標(biāo)準(zhǔn)體積流量及能量流Which：

m：Densityatthemeter(kg/m3)在線密度

std：StandardDensity(kg/Sm3)

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)狀態(tài)密度Both

m&

stdiscalculatedbasedonAGA81994Which：GHViscalculatedbasedonISO69761995andcompositionisfromGC40Gross/StandardVolumeTotalIncrement(m3)

在線及標(biāo)準(zhǔn)體積總增量41Energytotalincrement能量總增量42GascompressibilityZand

calculation壓縮系數(shù)Z及密度

計(jì)算

AGA8compressibilityfactor

andrealtimedensity

calculation.AGA8壓縮系數(shù)Z及實(shí)時在線密度

計(jì)算。

Detailcharacterizationmethod,氣體全組分輸入方法Grosscharacterizationmethod,總額特征輸入方法43ISO6976ISO6976-1995:ComponentCalorificvaluesat20°Cand101.325Kpa.組分熱值在20°C和101.325KpaTable5CalorificvalueMJ/m3(Hj)表5熱值MJ/m3Table2Summationfactor(bj)求和因子44PressureandTemperatureTransmitter壓力溫度變送器PressureandTemperatureTransmittersFunction:壓力和溫度變送器的功用Livepressureandtemperaturewillbeusedforcompensatingthemetertubediameterduetopressureandtemperatureaffection.在線的壓力和溫度將會用于補(bǔ)償計(jì)量管由于壓力和溫度影響而變化的管徑.LivepressureandtemperaturewillbealsousedforconvertingtheUltrasonicmeteron-lineflowtostandardconditionflow.(AGA8)在線的壓力和溫度也將會用于轉(zhuǎn)換超聲波在線流量至標(biāo)準(zhǔn)條件下的流量.(AGA8號報(bào)告)45PressureTransmitterprinciple壓力變送器原理SensorA/DconvertermicroprocessorD/Aconverter4-20mAFlowComputer46Continue續(xù)A/D,microprocessor,D/ASensor,capacitor47TerminalpressuretransmitterModelHoneywellSTG974Accuracy:?Accuracy=+/-0.0375%?Stability=+/-0.01%peryear?Reliability=470yearsMTBF?精度=+/-0.0375%?穩(wěn)定性=每年+/-0.01%?可靠性=平均故障間隔時間為470年48TerminaltemperaturetransmitterModelHoneywellSTT25HAccuracy:?Accuracy=+/-0.0375%?Stability=+/-0.01%peryear?Reliability=470yearsMTBF?精度=+/-0.0375%?穩(wěn)定性=每年+/-0.01%?可靠性=平均故障間隔時間為470年49Truncklineoff-takestationpressuretransmitter管線分輸站壓力變送器ModelRosemount3051S1Accuracy：?Accuracy=0.065%ofspan?Stability=0.125%over5years?Reliability=3.50E-04(AverageProbabilityofFailureonDemand)?精度=量程的0.065%?穩(wěn)定性=5年為0.125%?可靠性=3.50E-04(隨機(jī)平均故障概率)50Truncklineoff-takestationtemperaturetransmitter管線分輸站溫度變送器ModelRosemount3144PAccuracy:?Accuracy=0.02%ofspan?Stability=0.1%over2years?Reliability=2.89E-04(AverageProbabilityofFailureonDemand)?精度=量程的0.02%?穩(wěn)定性=2年為0.1%?可靠性=2.89E-04(隨機(jī)平均故障概率)51SystemUncertaintyCalculationUncertaintyofMeasurementcanbedefinedasthediscrepancybetweenameasuredquantityandthetruevalueofthatquantity.計(jì)量的不確定性可定義為測定量和該量的實(shí)際值之間的差異。TheinternationalstandardISO5168–1978givesspecificguidelinesfortheevaluationofuncertaintyinflowmeasurement.國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)ISO5168-1978給出了評估流量計(jì)量不確定性的特定指導(dǎo)原則。52Example53Howuncertaintycalculated怎樣計(jì)算不確定度Therealexampleshowhowtheuncertaintyiscalculated真實(shí)的例子表明不確定度是怎樣計(jì)算出來的。CALCULATIONOFUNCERTAINTY(BASEDONISO5168-1978)54Meteringsystemreliabilityandavailability計(jì)量系統(tǒng)可靠性及可用性Availabilityisdefinedastheprobabilitythatthesystemisoperatingproperlywhenitisrequestedforuse可用性定義為系統(tǒng)在使用時能夠正確運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的概率。Qualitative:Adescriptiveassessmentismadeoftheconsequencestoavailabilityofparticulardevicefailure。定性：針對特定設(shè)備故障對可用性的影響進(jìn)行說明性評估55Continue續(xù)Quantitative:Ananalyticalassessmentismadeapplyingreliabilityfiguresforindividualdevicesinordertoquantify“SystemAvailability.定量：利用各設(shè)備的可靠性數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分析評估，以量化“系統(tǒng)可用性”。Thesestationshaveanoverallfiscalmeteringsystemavailabilityof99.9567315%withredundant2x100%streams(refertotherelevantsystemFDSforfurtherdetails).這些計(jì)量站的貿(mào)易計(jì)量系統(tǒng)（配有2x100%通道）的總可用性為99.9567315%(關(guān)于詳細(xì)信息，參見相關(guān)系統(tǒng)的FDS)56GasMeasurementControl計(jì)量控制Engineeringdesigncontrol;工程設(shè)計(jì)控制Internationalindustryrecognizablestandard;國際通用工業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Contractspecification;合同說明Dailyoperation.每天例行操作Guaranteegasmeasurementaccuracy57EngineeringDesignControlMetertubedownstreamandupstreamminimumlengthrequirements,(AGA9);計(jì)量管上下游長度最低要求。Metertubeupstreamvalveinstallationrequirements,(AGA9);計(jì)量管上游閥門安裝要求Meterruninstallationrequirements,(AGA9);計(jì)量管安裝要求。Instrumentsinstallationrequirements,etc.(AGA9).計(jì)量儀表安裝要求等

58MeteringSystemOperatingControlAstandardprogramtoverifytheflowcomputercalculation;一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)程序核實(shí)流量計(jì)算機(jī)Testequipmentsperiodicallyverifiedandre-certificated.測試設(shè)備周期送檢。Periodicmeterstationinspectionandcalibration;計(jì)量站周期檢查及校正Dailyflowcomputerreports.流量計(jì)算機(jī)每天報(bào)告Companyinternalandexternalaudit.公司內(nèi)外審計(jì)GCautomaticcalibration.GC自動校正Meteringsystemannualverificationandrecertification.計(jì)量系統(tǒng)年度核實(shí)及證書59InternationalIndustryRecognizableStandardStandard

DescriptionApplicationAGA8(1994)

Compressibilityfactorsofnaturalgasandotherrelatedhydrocarbongases,densityandstandarddensityCompressibility,StandardDensityetc.AGA9(1998)

MeasurementofnaturalgasbyMulti-pathUltrasonicMetersUSMcalculation,installationetc.AGA10(1998)SpeedofsoundinnaturalgasandotherrelatedhydrocarbongasesSpeedofsoundISO6976-1995Naturalgascalculationsofcalorificvalues,relativedensityandwobbeindexfromcompositionGasparametercalculationfromcompositionalanalysisISO5168-1978

Measurementoffluidflow–Estimationofuncertaintyofaflow-ratemeasurementFlow-ratemeasurementuncertaintycalculationISO10715-1997

NaturalgassamplingguidelinesManualgassamplingprocedureASTMD1945-96

STMforanalysisofnaturalgasbyGasChromatographyprocessGCandlaboratoryGCanalysisstandard60Continue續(xù)ASTMD1142-1995

StandardTestMethodforWaterVaporContentofGaseousFuelsbyMeasurementofDew-PointTemperatureWaterdewpointanalysisASTMF25-2004

StandardTestMethodforSizingandCountingAirborneParticulateContaminationinCleanRoomsandOtherDust-ControlledAreasDesignedforElectronicandSimilarApplicationsParticulatesTestJJG198-NewversionCompulsoryinspectionandcalibrationregulationforvelocitytypeofmeterCalibrationofUSM61