中考英語復(fù)習(xí)動詞的語態(tài)課件

動詞的語態(tài)語態(tài)是動詞的一種形式，用來表明主語與謂語動詞之間的關(guān)系。英語中，動詞有兩種語態(tài)：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者，被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者。被動語態(tài)是動詞的一種特殊形式，表示句子中的主語是動作的承受者，因此所有的被動語態(tài)中的動詞都必須是及物動詞，而不及物動詞不能用于被動語態(tài)。中職英語主要考查一般現(xiàn)在時、一般過去時和一般將來時三種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)及部分情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)。1.被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)由“be＋及物動詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。be有時態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化。時態(tài)被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成(以do為例)例句一般現(xiàn)在時am/is/aredoneOurteachersarerespected

byus.我們都很尊重我們的老師們。一般過去時was/weredoneThebicyclewasborrowedbyLucyyesterday.昨天自行車被露西借走了。時態(tài)被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成(以do為例)例句現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時am/is/arebeingdoneTwoparksare

being

built.兩個公園正在被修建。過去進(jìn)行時was/werebeingdoneTheflowerswere

being

watered

byheratthistimeyesterday.昨天這個時候她正在澆這些花。時態(tài)被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成(以do為例)例句現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時am/is/arebeingdoneTwoparksare

being

built.兩個公園正在被修建。過去進(jìn)行時was/werebeingdoneTheflowerswere

being

watered

byheratthistimeyesterday.昨天這個時候她正在澆這些花。時態(tài)被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成(以do為例)例句現(xiàn)在完成時have/hasbeendoneTheyreallyhave

been

poorly

paid．他們的工資真的很低。過去完成時had

been

doneBythe

time

the

tornado

ended,more

than

700

people

had

been

killed.等龍卷風(fēng)過后,700多人遇難了。時態(tài)被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成(以do為例)例句一般將來時will/shallbedoneistobedoneisabouttobedoneisgoingtobedoneThemeetingistobeputofftillFriday.會議被推遲到星期五舉行。過去將來時would/shouldbedoneLastSundaythisprojectshouldbefinished,butitwouldn't.這個項(xiàng)目應(yīng)在上周日完成，但是沒有。注：①情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)：情態(tài)動詞＋be＋done。Thebooksmaybekeptfortwoweeks.這些書應(yīng)該可以借兩周。②談到未曾想到的事故發(fā)生時或有intheend、atlast等狀語時，可用getdone表被動。常用的有g(shù)ethurt(受傷)、getlost(迷路)、getkilled(被殺害)、getbroken(弄壞)等。如：Intheend,hegotcaught.最后他被抓住了。2.被動語態(tài)的幾種特殊形式情形例句感官動詞或使役動詞變被動，還原to(感官動詞或使役動詞在主動語態(tài)中與省略to的動詞不定式連用，變被動語態(tài)時，還原to)Wemake

theboystandoutside.(主動)＝Theboywas

made

to

stand

outsidebyus.(被動)我們讓那個男孩站在外面。雙賓語結(jié)構(gòu)句子(雙賓語結(jié)構(gòu)的主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)，可以將直接賓語變被動，在間接賓語前加to或for，也可以將間接賓語變被動)Theygave

meabook.(主動)＝Abookwas

given

to

mebythem.(被動)＝Iwas

given

abookbythem.(被動)他們給了我一本書。情形例句動詞短語變被動，保留介詞和副詞Sheoftenrefers

to

thisfactory.(主動)＝Thisfactoryisoftenreferred

to

byher.(被動)她常常提到這個工廠。Theboypicked

up

thoseflowers.(主動)＝Thoseflowerswerepicked

up

bytheboy.(被動)男孩撿起了那些花。情形例句謂語動詞say、consider、think、report、suggest、hope、know、believe等變被動語態(tài)時，被動語態(tài)有兩種形式：(1)謂語動詞用被動語態(tài)，動詞不定式作主語補(bǔ)足語；(2)it作形式主語的句子Itissaidthat...據(jù)說……Itisthoughtthat...據(jù)認(rèn)為……Itisconsideredthat...據(jù)認(rèn)為……Itishopedthat...希望……Itisreportedthat...據(jù)報(bào)道……Itissuggestedthat...據(jù)建議……Itiswell-knownthat...眾所周知……情形例句謂語動詞say、consider、think、report、suggest、hope、know、believe等變被動語態(tài)時，被動語態(tài)有兩種形式：(1)謂語動詞用被動語態(tài)，動詞不定式作主語補(bǔ)足語；(2)it作形式主語的句子Itisbelievedthat...有人相信……Itisknownthatfootballisapopularsport.眾所周知，足球是一項(xiàng)流行的運(yùn)動。Peoplesaysheisagreatwoman.(主動)＝Itissaidthatsheisagreatwoman.(被動)＝Sheissaidtobeagreatwoman.(被動)人們說她是一個偉大的婦女。3.無被動語態(tài)的情況情形例詞例句一些不及物動詞及短語happen(發(fā)生)、appear(出現(xiàn))、last(延長)、cost(花費(fèi))、burstout(迸發(fā))、let(讓，使)、breakout(爆發(fā))Thewarbroke

out

in1937.戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)于1937年。Themeetinglasted

fortwohours.會議持續(xù)了兩小時。Thecoatcost

me120yuan.這件外套花了我120元。情形例詞例句一些及物動詞及短語fit(合身)、have(有)、hold(容納)、own(擁有)、takeplace(發(fā)生)、agreewith(同意)、arriveat/in(到達(dá))、succeedin(成功)、sufferfrom(遭受)、belongto(屬于)Thekeyjustfitthelock.這把鑰匙正好適合這把鎖。Yourstoryagreeswithwhathasalreadybeenheard.你的故事與聽到的一致。Thestorytookplaceinthiscity.這個故事發(fā)生在這座城市。情形例詞例句系動詞taste(嘗起來)、feel(感到)、look(看起來)、sound(聽起來)Goodmedicinetastesbitter.良藥苦口。Cottonfeelssoft.棉花摸起來很軟。Themanlookssad.那個人看起來很難過。Hisideasoundsverygreat.他的主意聽起來很棒。4.主動表被動的情況情形例詞例句表被動意義的動詞bestuck，beblocked，becaughtThebuswasstuckinthesnowyesterday.昨天公共汽車被困在雪中了。Theroadwasblocked.公路被封鎖了。Themanwascaughtinthestorm.那人被困在暴風(fēng)雨中。情形例詞例句系動詞look,smell,taste，sound,feelYourtheorysoundsquitereasonable.你的理論聽起來很合理。need/want/requiredoing＝need/want/requiretobedoneneed,want,require，deserveThewindowwants/requiresrepairing．窗戶需要(被)修補(bǔ)了。Theoldandthechildrenneedlookingafter.老人和孩子需要(被)照顧。情形例詞例句性質(zhì)形容詞＋動詞不定式difficult,easy,hard,comfortable,pleasant,heavy,dangerousPhysicsishardtolearn.物理很難學(xué)。Theproblemiseasytoworkout.這個問題很容易解決。Thequestionaskedbyhimishardtoanswer.他問的問題很難回答。情形例詞例句常與否定詞或副詞well、easily、badly連用的動詞read,write,sell,open,close,lock,cook,cleanThesenewspaperssellwell.這些報(bào)紙賣得很好。Theballpenwriteswell.這支圓珠筆好寫。情形例詞例句表起止、變化的動詞begin,start,end,finish,change,improve,spread,turninto,turnoff,workoutOurlifeis

being

improvedcontinuously.我們的生活在不斷地改善。Thenewshas

spreadalloverthecity.消息傳遍了全城。一些固定動詞短語beworthdoingThebookis

well

worth

reading.這本書很值得讀。Thisclassicmovieis

worth

seeingtwice.這部經(jīng)典影片值得再看一次。(C)1.Thehouse________toayoungcouplelastweek.A.wasselling

B.issold

C.wassold

D.hassold(A)2.Anationalpark________herein1952.A.wascreated

B.hascreated

C.created

D.iscreated(B)3.Hurryup!Ourtrain________intenminutes.A.isleft

B.isleaving

C.hasleft

D.left(A)4.Oprah________hertelevisioncareerwhenshewas17.A.began

B.begins

C.hasbegun

D.isbeginning(D)5.Hewasmade________formorethantwohoursinheroffice.A.waited

B.waits

C.wait

D.towait(C)6.Ifyoudon'thurry,you________yourtrain.A