高考英語(yǔ)中國(guó)文化讀寫(xiě)專(zhuān)項(xiàng)：餐具筷子+中式婚禮

Chopsticks筷子 It'scommonlyknownthattheChineseinventedchopsticks(orkuaiziinChinese)asasetofinstrumentstobeusedwheneatingbutthereasonbehindthatisnotcommonlyknown.Actually,theChineseweretaughttousechopstickslongbeforespoonsandforkswereinventedinEurope(theknifeisolder,notasaninstrumentfordiningbutasweapon).ChopstickswerestronglyadvocatedbythegreatChinesephilosopherConfucius(551-479BC).Chinesepeople,underthecultivationofConfucianism,considertheknifeandforkbearingsortofviolence,likecoldweapons.However,chopsticksreflectgentlenessandbenevolence,themainmoralteachingofConfucianism.Therefore,instrumentsusedforkillingmustbebannedfromthediningtable,andthatiswhyChinesefoodisalwayschoppedintobitesizebeforeitreachesthetable. EatingChinesefoodwouldnotbeasenjoyableifthewrongutensilswereused.Usingtwoslimandslipperystickstopickupgrainsofriceandlittlepiecesofmeatandvegetablesisactuallynotadifficulttasktoaccomplish.Infact,thereareforeignerswhoareascompetentinusingthechopsticksastheChinese. Thetruthofusingchopsticksisholdingonechopstickinplacewhilepivotingtheotheronetopickupamouthful.Howtopositionthechopsticksisthecourseyouhavetolearn.First,placethefirstchopsticksothatthickerpartrestsatthebaseofyourthumbandthethinnerpartrestsonthelowersideofyourmiddlefingertip.Then,bringyourthumbforwardsothatthestickwillbefirmlytrappedinplace.Atleasttwoorthreeinchesofchopstickofthethinnerendshouldextendbeyondyourfingertip.Next,positiontheotherchopsticksothatitisheldagainstthesideofyourindexfingerandbytheendofyourthumb.Checkwhethertheendsofthechopsticksareeven.Ifnot,thentapthethinnerpartsontheplatetomakethemeven. WhendiningwithChinesefriendsorbusinesspartners,itisalwaysbetterforforeignerstotrylearninghowtooperatethechopsticks.Youshouldonlyaskforaforkandspoonifallelsefails.Usingchopstickstoeatriceisaproblemtomostforeigners.Generallythetiptoeatriceistobringone'sricebowlclosetoone'smouthandquicklyscoopthericeintoitwithone'schopsticks.Sincethisisdifficultforforeigners,andsosimplyliftingportionsofricetothemouthfromthebowlheldintheotherhandisperfectlyacceptable. Therearesuperstitionsassociatedwithchopstickstoo.Ifyoufindanunevenpairatyourtablesetting,itmeansyouaregoingtomissaboat,planeortrain.Droppingchopstickswillinevitablybringbadluck.Crossedchopsticksare,however,permissibleinadimsumrestaurant.Thewaiterwillcrossthemtoshowthatyourbillhasbeensettled,oryoucandothesametoshowthewaiterthatyouhavefinishedandarereadytopaythebill.(510words)◆Helper:advocate['?dv?ke?t]提倡philosopher[f??l?s?f?(r)]\o"真人發(fā)音"哲學(xué)家Confucius[k?n?fju:??s]孔子cultivation[?k?lt??ve??n]\o"真人發(fā)音"教養(yǎng)bear持有,攜帶benevolence[b?'nev?l?ns]\o"真人發(fā)音"仁慈,善舉ban[b?n]\o"真人發(fā)音"禁止utensil[ju:?tensl]\o"真人發(fā)音"器具，家庭廚房用具pivot

['p?v?t]\o"真人發(fā)音"以…為核心,使繞樞軸旋轉(zhuǎn)indexfinger[?indeks?fi?ɡ?]食指even平的，均衡的，相等的scop[sku?p]舀取superstition[?su?p?'st??n]迷信；沒(méi)有根據(jù)的理論adimsumrestaurant酒樓◆ChineseBriefIntroduction:筷子是指用竹、木、金屬等材質(zhì)制做的夾飯菜或其他東西的細(xì)長(zhǎng)棍兒。持放在手指中夾取食物或其他東西的細(xì)長(zhǎng)形條棍，多用作餐具。中國(guó)是筷子的發(fā)源地，以筷進(jìn)餐少說(shuō)已有3000年歷史，是世界上以筷為食的地區(qū)。它有挑、撥、夾、拌、扒等功能?？曜邮菨h民族發(fā)明的進(jìn)食工具，據(jù)考古資料證明，在遠(yuǎn)古時(shí)代，漢族先民已懂得用樹(shù)枝和竹枝夾取食物。用筷子吃飯使人手巧，可以訓(xùn)練大腦使之靈活，外國(guó)人對(duì)這兩根神奇的棍狀物能施展出夾、挑、舀、撅等功能欽羨不已，并以自己能使用它進(jìn)食而感到高興。作為禮物，送新人寓意珠聯(lián)璧合快生貴子；送戀人,寓意成雙成對(duì)永不分離；送朋友,寓意平等友愛(ài)和睦相處；送師長(zhǎng)，寓意耿直正直、桃李回報(bào)；送老人，寓意快樂(lè)永久福壽無(wú)疆；送孩子，寓意筷長(zhǎng)筷長(zhǎng)（快長(zhǎng)快長(zhǎng)）；送老外，寓意國(guó)際友誼源遠(yuǎn)流長(zhǎng)；送商友，寓意雙木成林、合作長(zhǎng)久；送愛(ài)人，寓意雙宿雙飛、同甘共苦；送喬遷的人。寓意快快發(fā)家、喬遷快樂(lè)。要注意：1.夾起食物之后，不應(yīng)該放回盤(pán)碟。2.不能用筷子對(duì)著人或用餐時(shí)拿筷子指手畫(huà)腳。3.不能將筷子插入一碗米或飯，這是祖先奉獻(xiàn)物安置方法。4.不與他人的筷子相爭(zhēng)。5.赴宴的時(shí)候，不應(yīng)提前于主人動(dòng)筷子（湯匙亦然）。5.在有些國(guó)家，會(huì)等客人(或者在座最年長(zhǎng)者)動(dòng)作才開(kāi)始吃飯。6.在用餐過(guò)程中，已經(jīng)舉起筷子，但不知道該吃哪道菜，這時(shí)不可將筷子在各碟菜中來(lái)回移動(dòng)或在空中游弋，在菜盤(pán)上來(lái)回的轉(zhuǎn)而卻又不夾菜?！鬍xercise:I.Questions:1.WhydidConfuciusencourageChinesepeopleuseChopsticks?2.Whileeating,howdoyouuseyourchopsticks?3.Pleasetellyourforeignfriendsthemeaningof“unevenpairatyourtablesetting”and“crossedchopsticks”.4.Whatdoesitmeanifyoucrossyourchopsticksinadimsumrestaurant?II.Writtenwork請(qǐng)根據(jù)下面提示，寫(xiě)一篇短文，詞數(shù)不少于50InyourspokenEnglishclass,yourteachershowsyouthefollowingpicture.Youareaskedtodescribethepictureandexplainhowyouunderstandit.SuggestedAnswers6.ChopsticksII.Writtenwork本文是開(kāi)放性作文，要求考生把握好圖畫(huà)內(nèi)容，發(fā)散表達(dá)。考生重點(diǎn)要看出這個(gè)人是卷發(fā)高鼻的外國(guó)人，要體會(huì)到西式刀叉對(duì)中式食物的矛盾性。Whataninterestingpicture!AWesternyoungman,sittingatatable,isreadytoeatabowlofnoodles.HeisholdingtwoforksthesamewayasweChineseholdchopsticks.Heistryingsohardtopickupthenoodlesthatheissweatingalot.Atfirstglance,Ithinkit’sabitfunny,forweChinesetakeforgrantedthatchopsticksarethetoolsforeatingnoodles.Themaninthepictureistryingtocopyus.Obviouslyheisdoingitthehardway.Maybeusingoneforkwilldoabetterjob,Inmyopinion,wedon’tneedtocopyothers’waysofthinking.Sometimesasimplerwayofdoingthingsmaybeabetterway.ChapterVChineseFamily&Marriage中國(guó)婚姻與家庭ChineseMarriageTraditions中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)婚禮Chineseweddings,andthecustomsbeforethewedding,aresteepedinancienttraditions.HereisanoverviewofthemostcommonandtraditionalChinesemarriageceremonies.●ChineseMarriageSuperstitions-TheColorRedThecolorredplaysanimportantpartinaChinesewedding.Redisthesymbolofjoy-andwhatismorejoyousthanawedding?RedisthemaincolorforChineseweddings,fromclothingtocandlesonthetablestoredfirecrackers.ChineseMarriageTraditions-LettersTheChinesegroom'sfamilyformallyasksintheformofaletterforthehandofthebride.Bothfamilieshavetoagreethatthecoupleisagoodmatchforeachother.Importanceisplacedonthehoroscopesofboththegroomandbride.Also,theactualdateoftheweddingisdiscussedastoavoidunluckydays.Ifnegotiationsweresuccessful,agiftletterissendtothebride'sfamily,andthegroomwillbringthebride'sfamilyavarietyoffoodandothertraditionalitems.Thecoupleisnowengaged.Thebridepreparesadowry.Adowryincludesclothesandotherdailynecessities.Atthedayofthewedding,thedowryisbroughttothefamilyofthegroom.Thegroom'sfamilysendsaweddingletter,officiallyacknowledgingthebrideintothefamily.●ChineseMarriageTraditions-TheWeddingCeremonyDuringtheactualceremony,whichequalstheexchangeofvowsinthewest,thecouplewillpayrespectbykneelingthreetimes.Theykneeltotheheavenandearth,theancestraltabletsandtheirparents,andthentoeachother.Ateaceremonyfollows,inwhichthebrideservesteatothegroom'sfamily.Thebridewillreceivejewelryormoneywrappedinredenvelopes.●ChineseMarriageTraditions-TheWeddingBanquetThecouplewillinviteallrelativesandfriendstotheirweddingbanquet.Thebanquetisconsideredevenmoreimportantthantheceremonyitself.Agreatdealofattentionisplacedonthefoodofferedduringthebanquet.You'llbehardpressedtofindaweddingbanquetwithoutfish,whichisasymbolforabundance.Naturally,modernChinesecouplesmightnotfollowalltraditionsorrituals.Also,whileitwastraditionthatthenewlywedcouplemovedinwiththegroom'sfamily,manymoderncoupleswouldprefertolivealone.ButevenduringamodernChinesewedding,elementsofancientcustomscanbefound.Whilemycolleaguedidn'tweararedQipao---thetraditionalbrides’dress---shefollowedtraditioninhavingatraditionalChineseweddingbanquet.IfyouareeverinvitedtoaChineseweddingbanquet,don'tmissout!AChineseweddingbanquetisajoyouscelebrationandthehighlightofeveryChinesewedding,nomatterwhethertraditionalormodern.●ChineseMarriageSuperstitionsMostChinesesuperstitionsinvolvenumbersandcolors.Also,thewayawordsoundsisveryimportant.AChinesebrideshouldn'twearblack,blueorgray,becausethatwouldresultinbadlucktothemarriage.Preferredcolorsforthebridetoweararewhite,butredisthealltimefavorite.（517words）◆Helper:besteepedin充滿(mǎn)著,埋頭于,專(zhuān)心于,沉浸于overview[???v?vju:]概觀；總的看法,dominant[?d?min?nt]horoscope[?h?:r??sk??p,?h?r-]星占,星象negotiation[n??g???i:?e???n]協(xié)商，談判engage[?n?ɡe?d?]訂婚dowry['da?r?]嫁妝acknowledge[?k?n?lid?]承認(rèn),鳴謝,對(duì)…打招呼vow[va?]誓言ancestral[?n'sestr?l]祖先的tablet[?t?blit]碑，匾banquet[?b??kwit]盛宴,筵席behardpressed處于困境◆ChineseBriefIntroduction:中國(guó)古人認(rèn)為黃昏是吉時(shí)，所以會(huì)在黃昏行娶妻之禮，因此夫妻結(jié)合的禮儀稱(chēng)為“昏禮”，后來(lái)演化為婚禮。中國(guó)人喜愛(ài)紅，認(rèn)為紅是吉祥的象征。如張貼大紅喜字，給新娘遮上紅蓋頭，穿上大紅襖，新郎胸前佩戴大紅綢等等。這些紅色的吉祥物品不但給婚禮帶來(lái)喜慶的氣氛，同時(shí)也暗示著新婚夫婦婚后的日子會(huì)越過(guò)越紅火。所以傳統(tǒng)婚禮習(xí)俗總以大紅色烘托著喜慶、熱烈的氣氛。三個(gè)重要的名詞：1、三書(shū)：指