備考2025屆高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)講義第一部分過透教材Unit4HistoryandTraditions新人教版必修第二冊(cè)

Unit4HistoryandTraditionsAreyoueagertoknowabouttheUnitedKingdom？Thecountry’sfascinatinglandscapesofferatruefeastforyoureyesandinspiregreatpoets.Butareyoupuzzledbyitsseveralnames？SinceIvisitedgalleriesandapproachedthelocalindividuals，I’veknownmoreaboutitshistory.Inthe16thcentury，thenearbycountryofWaleswasjoinedtotheKingdomofEngland.Later，ScotlandaswellasIrelandwasjoinedtothecountry.Inthe20thcentury，thesouthernpartofIrelandannouncedthatitbrokeawayfromtheUK，resultinginthefullnamewehavetoday：theUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland.BelongingtotheUK，thefourcountriesusethesameflagandsharethesamecurrencyandmilitarydefence.However，theyhavedifferenteducationsystemsandlegalsystems.Almosteverywhereyougo，you’llfindyourselfsurroundedbyamountsofevidenceoffourdifferentgroupsofpeoplewhotookchargeofthelandatdifferenttimes.Studyingitshistorywillensureyourvisitismuchmoreenjoyable.1surroundvt.圍繞；包圍1.[人教選必③－3]ThebeautifulLiRiveranditsamazingsurrounding（surround）sceneryisoneofthemostwell-knowntouristdestinationsinChina’sGuangxiZhuangAutonomousRegion.2.[外研必修③－1]WhenRileymovestoanewcity，shehasahardtimeadjustingtohernewsurroundings（surround）.3.綠樹環(huán)繞，這個(gè)農(nóng)場(chǎng)坐落于我們學(xué)校旁邊的山腳下。一條小河穿行其中。（景色描寫）Surroundedbygreentrees，thefarmislocatedatthefootofthehillnearourschool.Thereisasmallriverflowingthroughthefarm.★surround...with...用……包圍……besurroundedby/with...被……包圍★surroundingadj.四周的，旁邊的surroundingsn.環(huán)境2chargen.收費(fèi)；指控；主管vt.&vi.收費(fèi)vt.控告；充電4.[人教選必②－1]He（QianXuesen）receivedahero’swelcomefromhishomelandandwasputinchargeofnotonlydevelopingChina’srocketsciencebutalsoitsspaceandmissileprogramme.5.[人教選必④－1]Whoeverischargedwithacrimeshouldbepresumedinnocentuntilprovenotherwise.6.Thefeestheychargefortheirguaranteeofqualitywillberaisednextmonth.7.得知這些花是給孤兒院的孩子們的，慷慨的店主把花免費(fèi)給了我們。Knowingtheflowerswereforthekidsintheorphanage，thegenerousshopownergaveustheflowersfreeofcharge.8.我是"TalkandTalk"節(jié)目的負(fù)責(zé)人。我很榮幸能邀請(qǐng)您參與現(xiàn)場(chǎng)脫口秀。 （邀請(qǐng)信）Iaminchargeoftheprogram"TalkandTalk".Iammuchhonoredtoinviteyouforalivetalkshow.★chargefor...收……的費(fèi)用chargesb.moneyforsth.因某事向某人收費(fèi)chargesb.with（doing）sth.控告/指控某人（做）某事★freeofcharge（＝forfree）免費(fèi)takechargeof掌管，負(fù)責(zé)inchargeof主管，負(fù)責(zé)inthechargeofsb.＝insb.’scharge由某人掌管3amountn.金額；數(shù)量vi.總計(jì)；相當(dāng)于，等于1.[外研選必④－5]Althoughthebrainamountstoonlyabout2％oftotalbodyweight，itusesupto20％ofthebody’senergy-morethananyotherorgan.2.[北師必修③－8]TheamountofwasteinlandfillsinChinahasrisen（rise）exponentially（以指數(shù)方式）overthelastdecade.點(diǎn)撥theamountof表示"……的數(shù)量"，修飾不行數(shù)名詞，作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，再依據(jù)句中的"overthelastdecade"可知，空處應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。留意rise的過去分詞形式為risen。3.[北師必修③－8]Ahugeamountofwaste—800，000tonnes—isimported（import）eachyeartoproduceSweden’selectricity.4.[北師選必②－6]Aspresent-dayadvertisersoftenhavelargebudgets，hugeamountsofmoneyarespent（spend）onapplyingmoderndesigntechniquestomaketheseadvertisementsasvisuallyattractiveaspossible.點(diǎn)撥1.句意：由于當(dāng)今的廣告商往往有浩大的預(yù)算，他們花了大量的錢來應(yīng)用現(xiàn)代設(shè)計(jì)技術(shù)，使這些廣告盡可能地具有視覺吸引力。2.ahugeamountof和hugeamountsof都表示"大量的"，修飾不行數(shù)名詞，作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要與amount保持一樣。易混點(diǎn)："largequantities/amountsof＋n."作主語時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)，而"alargequantityof＋n."作主語時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)取決于of后面的名詞?！颽mountto共計(jì)，總計(jì)★theamountof＋不行數(shù)名詞……的數(shù)量（作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式）alarge/smallamountof＋n.[U]＋v.（單數(shù)）large/smallamountsof＋n.[U]＋v.（復(fù)數(shù)）4approachn.方法；途徑；接近vt.接近；接洽；著手處理vt.&vi.靠近1.給下列句子中的畫線部分選擇合適的英文釋義A.amethod B.movementtowardsorneartosth. C.todealwith①[外研必修③－1]Approachedinthisway，yourfriendshipwillsoonberepaired. C②Whilethisapproachiseffectiveinlosingweight，itisnotasbeneficialaskeepingabalanceddiet. A③Shestooduptogreethimassoonasshenoticedhisapproach. B2.Thebestapproachtoachieving（achieve）agoalistodevote100％ofyourtimeandenergytoit.點(diǎn)撥approach后的to為介詞，其后要用動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語。常見的其后跟介詞to的名詞還有answer，key，solution，entrance等。3.Withthecomingofthespring，everythingiscomingtolifeagain.→①Asthespringapproaches，everythingiscomingtolifeagain.（as引導(dǎo)狀語從句，approach）→②Withthespringapproaching，everythingiscomingtolifeagain.（with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，approach）★theapproachto...……的方法；通往……的道路（to為介詞）theapproachto（doing）sth.（做）某事的方式/方法theapproachof...……的來臨/接近★其他表示"方式、方法"的表達(dá)：ina（n）...manner；inthisway；bymeansof...；withthismethod；themethodof/for（doing）sth.5eageradj.熱切的；渴望的1.[人教選必②－2]Britishpeoplearefascinatedbyourcultureandeagertolearn（learn）moreaboutit，soI’mkeentosharemyculturewiththem.2.[外研必修①－1]Iwokeupearlyandrushedoutofthedoorinmyeagerness（eager）togettoknowmynewschool.3.AstheSpringFestivalisapproaching，thechildreneagerly（eager）lookforwardtomeetingtheirgrandparentsinthehometown.4.面對(duì)這么多問題，我渴望得到你的幫助。 （求助信）→①Facingsomanyproblems，Iameagerforyourhelp.（現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語，beeagerfor）★beeagerfor...渴求得到……beeagertodosth.渴望做某事★eagerlyadv.急迫地eagernessn.渴望，熱切★"渴望做某事"的其他表達(dá)：longtodosth.；bedyingtodosth.；beanxioustodosth.→②Facedwithsomanyproblems，Iameagertogetyourhelp.（過去分詞作狀語，beeagertodo）6breakaway（fromsb./sth.）脫離；背叛；逃脫用break的相關(guān)短語完成句子1.Hewascharginghiscarwhenthefirebrokeout.2.[外研必修②－6]Ittakeshundredsofyearsforplastictobreakdown，butmuchlesstimeforpaper.3.Mydogsuddenlybrokeawayfromme，chargedatthedoorandbegantobarkfiercely.點(diǎn)撥此處charge作動(dòng)詞，意為"向……方向沖去"。如：Thechildrenchargeddownthestairs.孩子們沖下了樓梯。4.Thisstoryoffriendshipistouchingbecauseitshowshowfriendshipcanbreakthroughourphysicalweaknessestoconnectourhearts.5.Herlittlefacebrokeintoasmilewhenherfathercamearoundthecorner. （讀后續(xù)寫之神態(tài)描寫）★breakdown破壞；（使）分解；（機(jī)器等）出故障，（車輛等）拋錨；（身體）出毛病，垮掉；（支配等）失?。幌耍撤N感情或看法）breakin打斷，插話；破門而入breakinto強(qiáng)行闖入；突然起先breakout（斗爭(zhēng)、火災(zāi)等）爆發(fā)，突然發(fā)生breakthrough突破，沖破breakup裂開；解散；結(jié)束7belongto屬于1.WhenIwaswaitingonthestagetobeawarded，Icouldn’thelpthinkingthatthisprizebelongedtoeveryoneofourteam.2.Pleasemakesureyouhaveallyourbelongings（belong）withyouwhenleavingtheplane.3.Familyalbumscreateastrongsenseofbelonging（猛烈的歸屬感）forfamilymembers.4.這個(gè)酒館是我鄰居的，他為了獨(dú)立已經(jīng)脫離了家庭。Thepubbelongstomyneighbor，whohasbrokenawayfromhisfamilytobeindependent.（who引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句）★belongto無被動(dòng)語態(tài)和進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)；其后接名詞或代詞作賓語，但不能接名詞全部格或名詞性物主代詞?！颾elongingn.[U]歸屬；[pl.]全部物asenseofbelonging歸屬感8aswellas同（一樣也）；和；還1.[外研必修②－6]Thisincludeskeepingtheoriginalenvironmentfrombeingtouched，aswellasadopting（adopt）new，sustainablewaysoffeedingfarmanimals.2.[人教選必②－2]Aswellasstudying（study）hard，I’vebeeninvolvedinsocialactivities.點(diǎn)撥此處aswellas為介詞，表示"除……之外"，故其后應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語。句意：除了努力學(xué)習(xí)，我還參與了社交活動(dòng)。3.Thefascinatinglandscapeaswellastheuniquelocaldishesmakes（make）theislandoneofAmerica’smostpopulartouristdestinations. （景點(diǎn)介紹）點(diǎn)撥aswellas在此連接兩個(gè)并列主語，謂語的數(shù)應(yīng)與前面的Thefascinatinglandscape保持一樣。有類似用法的詞語還有with，alongwith，togetherwith，ratherthan，besides，but，except等，如：Themother，togetherwithherchildren，hasgonetothecountrysidetovisittheirgrandparents.4.IamfondoflisteningtoEnglishsongs，andIalsolikereadingEnglishnovels.→IamfondoflisteningtoEnglishsongsaswellasreadingEnglishnovels.（寫作升級(jí)）★作并列連詞，表示"和，也"，連接并列成分；連接兩個(gè)并列主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞與aswellas前面的成分在人稱和數(shù)上保持一樣?！镒鹘樵~，表示"除……之外"，相當(dāng)于besides和inadditionto?！锉硎就?jí)比較，意為"和……一樣好"，此時(shí)well是副詞。9with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)1.Withsomanyproblemstoapproach（approach），wedecidedtoholdanothermeetingassoonaspossible.2.ThemomentIwalkedintothegallery，Inoticedthepainter，withhiseyesfocused（focus）onastatue.3.Theparkisalwayscrowdedonweekends，withlargenumbersofpeopleenjoying（enjoy）themselvesthere.★with＋賓語＋adj./adv./介詞短語with＋賓語＋todo（表示動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生）with＋賓語＋doing（表示主動(dòng)、動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行）with＋賓語＋done（表示被動(dòng)、動(dòng)作已完成）4.Withtearsinhiseyes（眼里含著淚水），theeldersoldierstoodtherestill，watchingtheredflagrisingtotheair. （讀后續(xù)寫之神態(tài)描寫）10if省略結(jié)構(gòu)ifnotifanyifpossibleifsoifnecessary1.[外研必修①－1]Youmusthavehadsomemomentswhenyouweredisappointed.Ifso，howdidyoudealwiththem？2.Doesthisbagbelongtoyou？Ifnot，wesurelymustfindtheowner.3.Ifpossible，keepasparepairofglassesaccessibleincaseyourmainpairisbrokenorlost.4.Ifnecessary，youcanringmeandIwillcomeinnotime.★ifany即使有，假如有的話ifnot假如不是這樣的話；不然ifso假如是這樣的話ifever假如有過/發(fā)生過的話ifnecessary假如有必要的話ifpossible假如可能的話5.Afterfinishingwriting，weneedto