Unit+1+Cultural+Heritage+Discovering+Useful+Structures+高中英語人教版（2019）必修第二冊(cè)

Unit1CulturalHeritageDiscoveringUsefulStructuresPart01WarmupLookatthesentencesbelowandunderlinetherelativepronounsandadverbs.Afterlisteningtothescientistswhohadstudiedtheproblem,andcitizenswholivedneartheproblem,thegovernmentturnedtotheUnitedNationsforhelp.Templesandotherculturalsitesweretakendownpiecebypiece,andthenmovedandputbacktogetheragaininaplacewheretheyweresafefromthewater.（referstopeople）（referstoaplace）Part01Presentation定語從句在復(fù)合句中，作定語修飾名詞或代詞的從句。Thecouplewholivenexttousvolunteeredtohelpafterthevolcanoerupted.先行詞定語從句所修飾的名詞或代詞叫做先行詞。關(guān)系詞連接主句和從句指代先行詞在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分（作用）關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系副詞whowhomwhosethatwhichaswhenwherewhythat關(guān)系代詞用法：關(guān)系代詞除了指代主句中的先行詞外，同時(shí)還在定語從句中作主語、賓語、表語等。作賓語時(shí)可以省略;但關(guān)系代詞作介詞賓語，而且介詞提到它的前面時(shí),關(guān)系代詞不能省略。關(guān)系代詞修飾的先行詞在從句中所作的成分who人主語、賓語whom人賓語whose人或物定語that人或物主語、賓語、表語which物或事主語、賓語、定語、表語as人、物或事主語、賓語、表語限制性定語從句緊跟在修飾對(duì)象（即先行詞）之后的定語從句,先行詞和限制性定語從句之間緊密相連，前后相接。非限制性定語從句先行詞與定語從句沒有緊密相連，而是被逗號(hào)或其它語句部分隔開。限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別（1）作用不同限制性定語從句是先行詞在意義上不可缺少的定語,不可去掉,否則主句意思不完整。非限制性定語從句對(duì)先行詞進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明,可去掉,去掉后主句意思仍完整。Thisisthebestfilm(that)Ihaveeverseenforyears.這是幾年來我看過的最好的一部電影。Shelostthematch,whichdepressedhergreatly.她輸了比賽,這使她很沮喪。去掉后影響對(duì)電影的限定范圍去掉后不影響她輸?shù)舯荣愡@個(gè)事實(shí)限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別（2）形式不同限制性定語從句與主句不用逗號(hào)隔開,非限制性定語從句用逗號(hào)與主句隔開。（3）先行詞不同大多數(shù)限制性和非限制性定語從句的先行詞往往為某一個(gè)詞或短語，而特殊情況下非限制性定語從句的先行詞也可為整個(gè)主句，此時(shí)非限制性定語從句常由which引導(dǎo)。Thetwopolicemenwerecompletelytrusted,whichinfacttheywere.那兩個(gè)警察完全受到信任,事實(shí)上也確實(shí)如此。限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別（4）關(guān)系詞的使用情況不同1.that不可用于引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。2.關(guān)系代詞whom在限制性定語從句中作賓語時(shí)可用who代替但whom在非限制性定語從句中作賓語時(shí)不可用who來代替。3.關(guān)系代詞的省略情況不同:關(guān)系代詞在限制性定語從句中作賓語時(shí)可省略，而非限制性定語從句的所有關(guān)系詞均不可省略。Thetwopolicemenwerecompletelytrusted,whichinfacttheywere.那兩個(gè)警察完全受到信任,事實(shí)上也確實(shí)如此。which的用法在定語從句中作主語、賓語,偶爾作定語或表語。Theriverwhichrunsthroughthecentreofthecitybringsuslotsofpleasure.穿過市中心的那條河給我們帶來了很多歡樂。(which在從句中作主語)Doyouremembertheholiday(which)wespenttogether?你記得我們一起度過的那個(gè)假期嗎?(which在從句中作賓語)Hechangedhismindagain,whichmadeusallangry.他又改變了主意，這使得我們大家都很生氣。(which指代整個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容，在從句中作主語)Shewasnotsick,whichsomeoftheotherpassengerswere.她沒有生病,但有些其他旅客卻病了。(which指代形容詞sick，在從句中作表語)用來指事物that的用法在從句中可作主語、賓語、表語。作賓語時(shí)可以省略;作介詞的賓語時(shí)介詞不能提到that之前。Janeisnolongertheperson(that/who/whom)Iworkedwithseveralyearsago.珍妮不再是幾年前我共事的那個(gè)人了既可指人也可指物Thisisthesupermarketthat/whichsellsavarietyofgoods.這就是那個(gè)賣各種各樣的商品的超市。Themessage(that/which)youarelookingforisintoday'sChinaDaily.你找的信息就在今天的《中國日?qǐng)?bào)》上。(that/who/whom在從句中作賓語)(that/which在從句中作主語)(that/which在從句中作賓語)省略that不用which的情況(1)當(dāng)先行詞是all,little,few,much,everything,nothing,none等不定代詞時(shí)。AllthatIneedisonlyyouradvice.我所需要的只是你的建議。Thereisnotmuchthatoughttobedonerightnow.沒有多少應(yīng)該立即做的事情。InChina,parentsalwaysdoeverythingthattheycantosupporttheirchildren.在中國,父母總是盡他們所能來支持他們的孩子。(2)當(dāng)先行詞被all,every,no,little,few,much,theonly,thevery,theright,thelast等修飾時(shí)。ThesemessagesaretheveryonesthatIhavebeenlookingfor.這些就是我一直在尋找的信息。that不用which的情況(3)當(dāng)先行詞是序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)或被序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。WhenitcomestoJinan,thefirstthatcomestomindisthespringwater.談到濟(jì)南時(shí),首先想到的就是泉水。Thatisthebestfilmthathaseverbeenshownsofarinthecity.那是這座城市到目前為止放過的最好的一部電影。(3)當(dāng)主是以which開頭的特殊疑問句時(shí)。Whichisoneofthethingsthatmakepeoplehappy?哪一件是讓人快樂的事?用which不用that的情況(1)關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí)。I'mlookingforaboxinwhichIcanputalltheseeggs.我在尋找一個(gè)能放下所有這些雞蛋的箱子。(2)在非限制性定語從句中。Football,whichisaveryinterestinggame,isplayedallovertheworld.足球是很有趣的運(yùn)動(dòng)項(xiàng)目，全世界的人都在踢。(3)先行詞本身就是that時(shí)。What'sthatwhichexcitesyousomuch?是什么事情讓你如此興奮?as的用法(1)as引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句,先行詞前有as,so,such或thesame修飾。Suchpeopleashavemadegreatcontributionstotheworldshouldbegreatlyrespected.那些對(duì)世界做出巨大貢獻(xiàn)的人應(yīng)受到極大的尊重。Youmaytakeasmanychairsasyouneed.你需要多少椅子就拿走多少椅子。Hemadethesamemistakeasyoumadeinthelastexam.在上次考試中,他犯了跟你相同的一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。(as在從句中作主語)(as作need的賓語)(as作made的賓語)as的用法(2)as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，其先行詞是整個(gè)主句。Aseverybodyknows,ShakespearewasagreatEnglishwriter.眾所周知，莎士比亞是一位偉大的英國作家。Tomisabraveboy,asisdescribedinthereport.湯姆是一個(gè)勇敢的男孩,這正如在報(bào)告中描述的那樣。Theproject,aswehadexpected,gotalongwell.正如我們所預(yù)料的那樣，工程進(jìn)展順利。(從句在主句之前,as在從句中作賓語)(從句在主句中間，as在從句中作賓語)(從句在主句之后，as在從句中作主語)注意事項(xiàng)Thewatch(that/which)yougavemekeepsperfecttime.你給我的那塊表走得很準(zhǔn)。(1)關(guān)系代詞在從句中作賓語時(shí)可省略。Aliceisnottheperson(that)shewastenyearsago.艾麗斯不是10年前的那個(gè)人了。(2)關(guān)系代詞在從句中作表語時(shí)可省略。Educationshouldbethemostimportantthing(that)parentsaregreatlyconcernedabout.教育應(yīng)是父母們非常關(guān)心的最重要的事情。(3)關(guān)系代詞在從句中作介詞的賓語，而介詞在從句句尾時(shí)可省略。賓語表語about的賓語that的用法

that作關(guān)系副詞時(shí)可以修飾表示_______________________________________________的先行詞，相當(dāng)于____________________________，而且一般可以省略。表示時(shí)間時(shí)，that相當(dāng)于when或"介詞+which"可省略。Istillrememberthetime(that/when/inwhich)Ihelpedmyfatheronthefarm.我仍然記得在農(nóng)場里幫助我爸爸的歲月時(shí)間(time)、地點(diǎn)(place)、原因(reason)、方式(way)when,where,why,inwhichthat的用法

表示地點(diǎn)時(shí)that相當(dāng)于where或“介詞+which”可省略。Ihaveneverbeentotheplace(that/where/inwhich)theIndianslive.我從未去過那些印第安人居住的地方。表示原因時(shí)，that相當(dāng)于why或forwhich,可省略。Thereason(that/why/forwhich)helosthislifewaslackofmedicalcare.他死的原因是缺乏醫(yī)療護(hù)理。表示方式時(shí),that相當(dāng)于inwhich,可省略。Canyouworkoutaway(that/inwhich)wecansolvethisproblem?你能找出一種我們能夠解決這個(gè)問題的方法嗎?

“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句when,where,whyI'llneverforgetthedayonwhich(=when)mysonwasborn.我永遠(yuǎn)忘不了我兒子出生的那一天?！敖樵~+which”可以替代關(guān)系副詞when,where,whyI'dlikeyoutoexplainthereasonforwhich(=why)yourefusedmyoffer.我想讓你解釋一下你拒絕我?guī)椭脑颉?for依據(jù)forthereason確定)關(guān)系副詞_______________引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí),關(guān)系副詞可用“______________”代替。在“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句中,關(guān)系代詞只能用_____________,不可用that或who。介詞+關(guān)系代詞which或whom替代when替代whereThisisthefarmonwhich(=where)Iusedtowork.這就是我過去工作過的農(nóng)場。(on依據(jù)onthefarm確定)替代why

“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句依據(jù)與先行詞的固定搭配確定使用什么介詞I'llneverforgetthetimeduringwhichIwaswithmyfriendsinthecountry.我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記和朋友們一起在鄉(xiāng)村度過的時(shí)光。依據(jù)定語從句中動(dòng)詞或形容詞的搭配來確定介詞Sheboughtseveralbooks,onwhichshespentallhermoney.她買了幾本書,這些書花光了她所有的錢。根據(jù)定語從句所表達(dá)的具體意思來確定介詞Canyouseetheriveracrosswhichthereisabridge?你能看見上面有座橋的那條河嗎?(during依據(jù)duringthetime確定)(on依據(jù)spend...on確定)“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”的其他表達(dá)法如果在whom和which之前用of表示所屬關(guān)系(即ofwhom,ofwhich表示所屬關(guān)系)，這時(shí)名詞需要特指，應(yīng)加定冠詞該名詞放在ofwhom,ofwhich之前或之后均可。I'dlikearoomthewindowofwhichlooksoutoverthesea.I'dlikearoomofwhichthewindowlooksoutoverthesea.因?yàn)閣hose也表示所屬關(guān)系,所以可以轉(zhuǎn)換為:I'dlikearoomwhosewindowlooksoutoverthesea.“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”的其他表達(dá)法在whom和which之前用of,還可以表示部分與整體的關(guān)系。這時(shí)，表示“部分”的數(shù)詞或代詞，放在ofwhom,ofwhich之前或之后均可。Shehasthreedaughters,oneofwhomisadoctor.Shehasthreedaughters,allofwhomarebeautiful.還可以說:Shehasthreedaughters,theoldestofwhomiscalledMary.Shehasthreedaughters,ofwhomoneisadoctor.Shehasthreedaughters,ofwhomallarebeautiful.定語從句中的主謂一致當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在從句中做主語時(shí)，從句中謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)原則上要與先行詞保持一致Thisisoneofthemostinterestingquestionsthathavebeenasked.這是被問過的最有意思的問題之一。1.先行詞是“oneof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式。2.如有thevery，theonly，thefirst，thelast，theright等修飾one時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Part03PracticeRewritethesentencesusingrelativeclauses.1.Heshowedmeaphotoinhisroom.ItwasaphotoofafamousculturalrelicinEgypt.ThephotowhichheshowedtomeinhisroomwasaphotoofafamousculturalrelicinEgypt.2.TheprojectteamhelpedprotectthenationalparksintheUnitedRepublicofTanzania.ItwasformedbymembersfromfifteencountriesTheprojectteamwhichhelpedprotectthenationalparksintheUnitedRepublicofTanzaniawasformedbymembersfromfifteencountries.3.ThistemplewasfirstbuiltduringtheQinDynasty.ThetimewhenthistemplewasfirstbuiltwasduringtheQinDynasty.Rewritethesentencesusingrelativeclauses.4.WemetaprofessionalarchaeologistattheentrancetotheGreatPyramid.Heexplainedtoustheprocessofbuildingsuchadifficultstructure.Theprofessionalarchaeologistwho/whomwemetattheentrancetotheGreatPyramidexplainedtoustheprocessofbuildingsuchadifficultstructure5.Thedocumentsabouttheculturalrelicsfromoverseasareunderthedesk.Ifoundthemyesterday.TheplacewhereIfoundthedocumentsabouttheculturalrelicsfromoverseasyesterdayisunderthedesk.6.Scientistsworkedtogetherdayandnighttorescuethetemplebecausetheywantedtopreserveitforthenextgeneration.Thereasonwhyscientistsworkedtogetherdayandnighttorescuethetemplewasthattheywantedtopreserveitforthenextgeneration.1.Theoldtownhas