高中英語名詞性從句,語法講解課件 譯林牛津版必修4

名詞性從每

NounClauses

—.relatedconception（相關概念）

1.名詞：表示人或事物的名稱的詞叫名詞。

2.名詞在句子當中一般可以作什么成分？

TheboyisliMing.

主語表語

Mr.Liang,a24-ycar-oldboy,teachesusEnglish.

主語同位語賓語

名詞在句中主要作主語、賓語、表語和

同位語。

31?

在英語的句子結構中，木來該由名詞充當?shù)闹髡Z、賓

語、表語和同位語，由一個句了?來充當,這個句「就叫

名詞性從句。

主語從句(TheSubjectClause)

名

詞

賓語從句(TheObjectClause)

表語從句(ThePredicativeClause)

同位語從句(TheAppositive

Clause)

主語從句

在復合句中作主句的主語.

引導詞有連詞that(that不可省略),whether;

連接代詞有who,what,which;

連接副詞when,where,how,why等.如：

1).連接詞:that,whether

fHeisafamoussinger.

Itisknowntous.

I.Thatheisafamoussingerisknowntous.

(Itisknowntousthatheisafamoussinger.)

WillwevisittheGreatWalltomorrow?

Ithasnotbeendecided.

WhetherwewillvisittheGreatWallhasnotbeen

decide.

Hewillwinthegame.Willhewinthegame?

Itiscertain.Itisnotcertain.

Thathewillwinthegameis

certain.

Itiscertainthathewillwinthegame.

Whetherhewillthegameisnotcertain.

2).連接代詞:who,whom,whose,whal,which,

whoever,whatever,whichever

Whosebagisit?

Itcan'tbetold.

Whosebagitiscan'tbetold.

Whatdoesheneed?

Itismoney.

Whatheneedsismoney.

無論你剛才說什么都是對的.

Whateveryousaidisallright.

3).連接副詞：when,where,why,how,howmany,

howmuchhowlong,howsoon,howoften

Whenwillwestarttomorrow?

Itwillbetoldsoon.

Whenwewillstarttomorrowwillbetoldsoon.

我們將怎樣制定計劃已經(jīng)被老師解釋清楚了.

Howwewillmaketheplanhasbeenexplained

clearlybytheteacher.

為什么他來這里還是不被人所知道.

Whyhecomeshereisnotknown.

1.為什么有時候用that,whether,有時侯用連接代詞，或

著有時候用連接副詞？

2.它的語序有沒有變化？

2.總結：

I).主語從句一律用陳述句語序,即主語在前，謂

語在后.

Whenwillhecomeisnotknown.錯誤

Whenhewillcomeisnotknown.

但.是whatisthematter和whatiswrong不可

改變語序

2).連接詞ihal在從句中無實際點:義，起引導作用.

不作任何成分，但不能省略.

Hewillnotcometothemeetingthiseveningistrue.

錯誤

Thathewillnotcometothemeetingthiseveningistrue.

3).whether可以引導主語從句解釋為“是否“，但if不能.

4).whoever,whatever,whichever等詞可以引導主

語從句，但nomatterwho,nomatterwhat等不能,

它們只能引導讓步狀語從句.

5).為避免5語冗長，句5頭重腳輕,經(jīng)常用it作形式主語,

主語從句放在后面作真正的主語.

例：ItiswellknowiVrcportcd/thoughl/said/...that...

Itisclcar/ncccssary/ccrtaiii/tnic/doubtful/...that...

Itisapity/aslianic/anhonour/...that...

Itdoesn'tmatterwhether.../Itseemsthat...

Ithappensthat...

賓語從句

在復合句中作主句的賓語，放在實義動詞或介詞的后

面.引導詞有連詞that(ihai孑可用whether,if;

代詞有who,whose,what,which;

副詞有when,where,how,why等.如：

Webelieve(that)heishonest.

Itoldhim(that)Iwouldcomeback

soon.

Hesaid(that)hewouldgotherethe

nextdayandthathisfamilywouldn't

gothere

總結：

1.真語從句的引導詞：

賓語從句的連接詞與引導主語從句的連接詞相同.

2.注意點

1).賓語從句一律用陳述句的語序.

2).引導賓語從<訃勺連詞that也無實際意義，多數(shù)

情況卜.可以省略.

3).whether和計都可以引導賓語從句

但：⑴.當whether后緊跟ornot時，不用if.

例：Idon'tknowwhetherIwillstayornot.

(2).介詞后ifii的賓語從句不能用if.

例：IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeeling.

3.放句首，解釋為“是否”

Whethershewillgohomeisnotunknown.

4.表語從句解釋為"是否“用whether

Thequestioniswhelherwecancollectenough

money.

4).that在賓語從句中的省略與保留

⑴.在主+謂+it(形式賓語)+賓補+that從句(真正賓語)的

句型中不省略.

例：Wemustmakeitclearthatwemeanwhatwe

say.

(2).由連詞and連接的兩個由that引導的賓語從句中,

第一個that可以省略悌二that不能省.

Hetoldme(that)hewouldcomeandthathe

wouldcomeontime.

表語從句

在復合句中作主句的表語,常放在be動詞的后面.

引導詞有連詞that(that不可省略),whether;代

詞宥who,what,which;副詞when,where,how,

why等.如

Theproblemisthatwedidn'tgetin

touchwithhim.

ThisishowHenrysolvedtheproblem.

Hissuggestionisthatwe(should)

finishtheworkatonce.

如果句子的主語是suggestion,advice.order等名詞時，后面引導

的表語從句用should+動詞原形,should可省略.

2.注意A

1).表語從句一律用陳述句的語序.

2).表語從句的引導詞that無實際意義,但不能省略.

3).表語從句只能用whether,而不能用if弓I導.

Whatmanypeopleareworriedaboutiswhether

wewillbeabletobuildabetterfuture.

今天早上他遲到的原因是因為路上行人太多.

Thereasonwhyhewaslatethismorningis

Lbecausethattherewasalotoftrafficonthe

road.

Thereasonwhy+￡jfbethat+從Gj.

For+名詞

Thereasonwhyhewaslatethismorningisthatthere

wasalotoftrafficontheroad.

或This/it/that/isbecause+從句…等句型.

Hewaslatethismorning.Thatwasbecausethere

wasalotoftrafficontheroad.

同位語從句

在句中起同位語的作用.一題放在名詞fact,

news,idea,promise,thought,suggestion

等之后，用以說明或解釋前面的名詞.引導詞有連

詞that;少數(shù)情況下也可用連接副詞howwhen

where等.如:

I.Thethoughtthatwemightsucceedexcitedus.

2.TheideathattheyshouldtryasecondtimeIs

worthconsidering.

3.Thesuggestionthattheplan(should)bedelayedwill

bediscussedtomorrow.

名詞suggestion,advice.order等詞后的同位語從句的謂語動詞

要用shoulck動向原形,should可省略.

4.Ihavenoideawhenhewillbeback.

注意

l.that引導的同位超從I-J前面的Z詞常見的仃:idea,

fact,news,belief,thought,doubt,suggestion,proof,

message,order,conclusion,desire,theory,truth,

word,hope,information1^.

2.that在從句中只是起引導作用,不作任何成分.

名詞性從句的種類

?I.Whenwewillstartisnotclear.

主語從句

?2.MrsBlackwon'tbelievethathersonhas

becomeathief.賓語從句

?3.Myideaisthatweshoulddoitright

now.表語從句

?4.1hadnoideathatyouwereherfriend.

同位語從句

.......................

虎-、同依語乂句與治語

蟠以句的相付之處

1、兩種從句都可以譯成定語

e.g.Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthefinalmatch

isencouraging.（同位語從句）

我們隊取得決賽勝利的消息令人鼓舞。

Thenewsthatyoutoldusisreallyencouraging.

（定語從句）你告訴我們以消息真的令人鼓舞.

一、同位語從句與炙語

從句的相付之處

2、兩種從句都可以用that引導

e.g?ThesuggestionihatstudentsshouldIcernsomething

pruclicalisworthconsidering.（同位語從句）

學生應該學整實用的東西的建議值得考慮.

Thesuggestionthatisworthconsideringisthat

thestudentsshouldlearnsomethingpractical.

（定語從句）值得號慮仃建議是學生應該學些實

用的東西。

二、同修得M句易定得

乂句的又同之處

1、從句的作用不同：同位語從句用來進一步

說明前面名詞的內(nèi)容；定語從句用來修飾、

限定前面的名詞.

e.g.ThenewsihaiourteamhaswonIhefinalmatch

isencouraging.（從句說明“消息”的內(nèi)容：我們隊

取得了決賽勝利.）

Thenewsthatyoutoldesisreallyencouraging.

（從句對“消息”加以限定：是卜我們的，而非

來自其他渠道。但消息是何內(nèi)容卻不得而知。）

二，同隹情乂句易定曙

乂句的系同之處

2、引導從句的關聯(lián)詞that的功能不同：that

引導同位語從句時是一個純連詞，不充當任

何成分；而引導定語從句的that是關系代詞,

既指代先行詞又須在從句中充當成分.

e.g.1）DadmadeapromisethaihewouldbuymeCDplayer

ifIpassedtheEnglishtest,（that不充當任何成分）

2）Dadmadeapromisethatexcitedallhischildren.

（that指代promise,又在從句中充當主語.）

Tellthefunctionofthefollowingsentences.

a.subjectb.objectc.predicatived.appositive（同位語）

I.TheideathatEnglandstandsforFish&Chips,Speakers'Corner,Big

BenandtheTowerofLondonIspast.appositive

2.ThefactthatGreatBritainismadeupotthreecountries

isstillunknowntomany.appositive

3.TheresultofsomuchFrenchinfluencewasthattheEnglishlanguag*

endedupwithmanyFrenchwordssuchastable,animalandage.

predicative

4.SomepeoplefeelthatWalesisanancientfairyland,object

5.Thatmostofthesearenowthreatenedandmaydisappear

isaseriousmattertothepeopleinBritain.subject

6.Theyrealisethatitisofgreatvaluetorecordandteach

themtotheyoungergeneration.object

（Tellthedifference

NC*->Appositive

I.Thenewsthattheplanewouldtakeoffontime

madeeverybodyhappy.、

AC

2.Thenewsthatisspreadingaroundtheairportis

thataheavystormiscoming.

NC—Predicative

NC—Appositive

3.Thesuggestionthatstudentsshouldlearn

somethingpracticalisworthconsidering.

AC

4.Thesuggestionthattheyareconsideringis

thatstudentsshouldlearnsomethingpractical.

NC—Predicative

Practice

I.Tellthefunctionoftheclausesinthefollowingsentences

說出下列從句的功能：A:Appositive（同位語）；

B:Attributive（定語）

血1.Hisproposalthatwegothereonfootisacceptable.

加2.Manyteachersholdtheviewthatteenagersshouldnot

spendtoomuchtimeonline.

B3.Thefirstrequestthathemadewastoaskforfreedom.

,4.Doyouhaveanyideawherewewillbesent?

B5.ISthisthecompanywhereyourfatherworks?

B6.Thisisthereasonthathegaveforhisabsence.

i.7.Hemadeanexcusethathiscarbrokedownontheway.

■■???■?????■

II.Choosethebestanswer

l.Theyexpressedthehope___theywouldcome

overtoChina.

A.which?thatC.whomI),when

2.Thcfact___hedidn'tseeTomyesterdayis

true.

?thatB.whichC.whenD.what

3.1havenoideahewillcomeback.

A.where?whenC.whatD.that

II.Choosethebestanswer

4.Thenews___surprisedeverybodyyesterday

nowprovestobefalse.

?thatB.whenC.whatD.how

5.0neofthemenheldtheview__thebooksaid

wasright.

A.whatthatB.thatwhich

?thatwhatD.whichthat

6.Wordhascome___someAmericanguestswill

comeforavisittoourcollegenextweek.

A.whatB.whether?thatD.which

II.語序間H

l.Thephotographswillshowyou

.(MET89)

A,whatdoesourvillagelooklike

B,whatourvillagelookslike

C.howdoesourvillagelooklike

D.howourvillagelookslike

2.Heaskedforaviolin.

(MET92)

A.didIpayhowmuch

B.Ipaidhowmuch

C.howmuchdidIpay

D.howmuchIpaid

單項填空l.ThequestionistheCfilmisworthseeing.A.ifB.whatC.

whetherD.how2.Theyreceivedorderstheworkbedoneatonce.DA.whichB.

whenC./D.thatCIhavetogoismymotheri