高中英語必修1Unit3Section3課時(shí)達(dá)標(biāo)訓(xùn)練

[語法初識(shí)]原句感知自主探究①Peopletendtoloveagriculturalproductsgrownwithouttheuseoffertilizers,pesticidesorchemicaladditives.②Thisprojectdesignedtohelplandlesspeoplejustdidn'tworkoutasplanned.③Theyarecleaningthefallenleavesintheyard.④Wesawabandonedfarmswhichwerebuiltmorethanahundredyearsago.⑤Hesmokedmanycigarettesadayuntilhegaveup.⑥IbrokemyrelationshipwithJohnbecausehealwaysfoundfaultwithme.1.①～④句中的過去分詞(短語)在句中作定語。2．①②句中為過去分詞短語作定語，放在所修飾的名詞之后，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句。3．③④句中為單個(gè)過去分詞作定語，常放在所修飾的詞前面。4．⑤⑥句中謂語動(dòng)詞用過去時(shí)，表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去。5．一般過去時(shí)常與表示過去的時(shí)間狀語或從句連用，如句⑤。6．一般過去時(shí)也可以表示過去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作，與often,always等連用，如句⑥。[語法剖析]語法點(diǎn)一過去分詞作定語的位置1．過去分詞作定語的位置單個(gè)的過去分詞作定語通常放在被修飾詞之前，分詞短語作定語則放在被修飾的詞之后。過去分詞短語有時(shí)還可以作非限制性定語，前面常用逗號(hào)與被修飾的成分隔開，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)非限制性定語從句。Awatchedpotneverboils.心急鍋不開。Thesuggestionsenttothemitteewasadopted.呈送給委員會(huì)的建議被采納了。FengXiaogang,recognized(whowasrecognized)bymanyasaleadingdirector,lefthishandprintattheTCLChineseTheatre.馮小剛被很多人認(rèn)為是一流的導(dǎo)演，他把手印留在了好萊塢TCL中國(guó)大劇院。[名師點(diǎn)津](1)有些單個(gè)的過去分詞，如left(剩余的)，given(所給的)等要放在所修飾詞的后面。Aftertherobberytherewasnothingleftfortheman.遭到搶劫之后，這個(gè)人身無分文。(2)有些過去分詞作前置和后置定語時(shí)意義不同。如：aconcernedmother一位擔(dān)心的母親allpeopleconcerned所有有關(guān)人士theissuesinvolved有關(guān)問題aninvolvedstyle復(fù)雜的樣式themeasureadopted所采取的措施anadoptedchild被收養(yǎng)的孩子(3)及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞作定語，往往具有完成和被動(dòng)含義；不及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞，只表示完成，沒有被動(dòng)含義；有些過去分詞只有被動(dòng)而無完成意義；有些過去分詞已變?yōu)樾稳菰~，既沒被動(dòng)也無完成意義。smokedfish熏魚(被動(dòng)、完成)afallenleaf落葉(完成，無被動(dòng))anrespectedteacher受人尊敬的老師(被動(dòng)，無完成)asatisfiedsmile一個(gè)滿意的微笑(無被動(dòng)，無完成)集中演練11－1.單句語法填空①Themethodused(use)isveryefficient.②Allthebroken(break)windowshavebeenrepaired.③Theexcited(excite)peoplethrewtheirhatsintotheair,shouting(shout)andlaughing(laugh)．④Halfoftheguestsinvited(invite)tothereceptionwereforeignambassadors.1－2.單句改錯(cuò)⑤Chinaisadevelopedcountry.developed→developing⑥Thisisacarusedworthonly5，000yuan.car_used→used_car⑦Thereisalittlelefttime.Let'shurryup.left_time→time_left⑧Doyouknowthemanseatingonthatstone?seating→seated⑨Iwanttoseethemanbrokethewindow.man后加who1－3.句型轉(zhuǎn)換⑩IsthisthebookwhichwaswrittenbyHenryJames?→IsthisthebookwrittenbyHenryJames??Theman,disturbedsobadly,almostlosthismemory.→Theman,whohadbeendisturbedsobadly,almostlosthismemory.2．過去分詞(短語)、現(xiàn)在分詞(短語)及動(dòng)詞不定式(短語)作定語的區(qū)別過去分詞(短語)作定語表示被動(dòng)、已完成的動(dòng)作(尤其是及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞)；現(xiàn)在分詞(短語)作定語表示主動(dòng)、正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作；不定式(短語)作定語表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。Moneyspentismorethanmoneyearned.花的錢比掙的錢多。Mostofthepeoplesingingwerewomen.唱歌的人中，大部分是女性。Nobodyknowsthetopictobediscussedtomorrow.沒人知道明天要討論的話題。集中演練22－1.單句語法填空①Themeetingheld(hold)yesterdaywasimportant.②Fatherlookedatthechildwithapleased(please)expression.③Doyouknowthenumberofpeopleing(e)totheparty?④Heexpressedhiswishto_visit(visit)theGreatWall.⑤Telltheboysplaying(play)therenottomakesomuchnoise.2－2.完成句子⑥在農(nóng)村工作的同志將于后天回來。Theradesworking_in_the_countrysidewillebackthedayaftertomorrow.⑦他們建了一條通向山里的公路。Theybuiltahighwayleading_into_the_mountains.⑧這是歷史上從未聽說過的事。Thisissomethingunheard_of_in_history.⑨明天要做的那個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)很重要。Theexperimentto_be_done_tomorrowisveryimportant.⑩這本書是用淺顯的英語寫的，適合初學(xué)者用。Thisbook,written_in_simple_English,_issuitableforbeginners.語法點(diǎn)二一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語一般過去時(shí)主要用來表示過去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，常和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用，但更多的是通過上下文來表明時(shí)間。其用法主要體現(xiàn)在以下幾個(gè)方面：1．一般過去時(shí)表示過去某一時(shí)刻或者某一段時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或者狀態(tài)。時(shí)間狀語有yesterday,lastweek,anhourago,theotherday,in1992,until,since,when從句等。Mr.Smithcametoseeyoujustnow.史密斯先生剛才來找過你。Thelivefootballmatchwasbroadcastlastnight.足球直播是昨天晚上進(jìn)行的。2．表示過去的習(xí)慣動(dòng)作，通常同時(shí)間狀語或者頻度狀語如often,always,usually等連用。WhenIwasaboy,Ioftenwenttoplayinthatpark.當(dāng)我還是個(gè)小男孩時(shí)，常去那個(gè)公園玩。WhenLiPingwasyoung,hewouldworkonthefarm.李平年輕時(shí)，常在農(nóng)場(chǎng)干活。3．有些情況，沒有明確的表示過去的時(shí)間狀語，但可根據(jù)語境判斷出動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，應(yīng)用過去時(shí)態(tài)。Ididn'tknowyouweresobusy.我事先不知道你這么忙。Ithoughtyouwereout.我以為你出去了。集中演練33－1.單句語法填空①—Haveyoureadthenovel?—Yes.Iread(read)itthreetimeswhileIwasinuniversity.②Wesolved(solve)theputerproblem,andgotbackonlinetocontinueourresearch.③—Don'tusethecellphoneinthegasstation,sir.Itisdangerous!—Oh,Ididn't_know(not,know)that.Sorry,Iwon'tdoitagain.④—Jenniferisnotathomenow.ShehasgonetoAfricatoundertakeanadventure.—Oh,couldyoutellmewhensheleft(leave)?⑤Annereceived(receive)aCTscanandisnowwaitinganxiouslyfortheresult.3－2.完成句子⑥第一次我見到托帝時(shí)，他正在英語角與許多學(xué)生交談。The_first_time_I_sawTodd,hewastalkingtosomestudentsattheEnglishcorner.⑦——我們的英語老師現(xiàn)在從英國(guó)回來了。——是，她在那里待了三個(gè)月。－OurEnglishteacherisbackhomefromBritainnow.－Yes,she_was_there_for_just_three_months．⑧昨天他很忙，要不然就會(huì)幫助你做實(shí)驗(yàn)的。He_was_busy_yesterday,_orhewouldhavehelpedyouwithyourexperiment.⑨——我聽說麗莎和她的丈夫飛往夏威夷度蜜月?！?，真好！你知道他們什么時(shí)候離開的？—IhearLizaandherhusbandhaveflowntoHawaiifortheirhoneymoon.—Oh,hownice!Doyouknowwhen_they_left?⑩我本可以早點(diǎn)來，但是我不知道你在等我。Iwouldhaveeearlier,butI_didn't_know_that_you_were_waiting_for_me.[鏈接高考]單句語法填空1．(2015·北京高考)Theparkwasfullofpeopleenjoying(enjoy)themselvesinthesunshine.解析：句意：這個(gè)公園擠滿了人，在陽(yáng)光下他們玩得很盡興。本題非謂語動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語是people，人們玩得開心為主動(dòng)的，因此用現(xiàn)在分詞作后置定語。2．(2015·江蘇高考)Therealreasonwhypriceswere(be)andstillare,toohighisplex,andnoshortdiscussioncansatisfactorilyexplainthisproblem.解析：句意：過去和現(xiàn)在價(jià)格一直居高不下的真正原因很復(fù)雜，簡(jiǎn)短的討論解釋這一問題無法讓人滿意。根據(jù)題干中“andstillare”的提示可知過去價(jià)格也居高不下，故用一般過去時(shí)，表示過去的狀態(tài)。3．(2015·湖南高考)Iwasn'tabletohidemyeagernesswhenIasked(ask)“Whatdoyouwishmetodonow？”解析：句意：我不能隱藏我的渴望，當(dāng)我問道，“你現(xiàn)在希望我做些什么？”一般過去時(shí)表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，常和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用。此題主句的時(shí)態(tài)為一般過去時(shí)，表示這個(gè)事情和動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，故從句時(shí)態(tài)也要用一般過去時(shí)。4．(2015·重慶高考)—IsPetering?—No,hechanged(change)hismindafteraphonecallatthelastminute.解析：句意：“彼得來了嗎？”“沒有，他剛才接到一個(gè)后改變主意了?！备鶕?jù)atthelastminute在最后一秒可能發(fā)生在過去，故用一般過去時(shí)。5．(2014·北京高考)Lastnight,thereweremillionsofpeoplewatching(watch)theopeningceremonyliveonTV.解析：考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)句子中關(guān)鍵詞therewere可知，空處填定語成分，此處people和watch之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語。6．(2014·北京高考)Therearestillmanyproblemsto_be_solved(solve)beforewearereadyforalongstayontheMoon.解析：考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)后面foralongstayontheMoon可知，我們有很多將來要解決的問題，表示將來的動(dòng)作用不定式作定語，又因?yàn)閱栴}被解決，所以用不定式的被動(dòng)式。7．(2014·浙江高考)AnnieSalmon,disabled,isattendedthroughoutherschooldaysbyanurseappointed(appoint)toguardher.解析：考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：……安妮被一個(gè)“指定”給她的護(hù)士照看。nurse和appoint之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過去分詞作定語，表被動(dòng)及完成。8．(2014·重慶高考)Theproduceresregularlytocollectthecamerasreturned(return)toourshopforqualityproblems.解析：句意：廠商定期回收因質(zhì)量問題退回來的相機(jī)。camera是“退回”的承受者，應(yīng)使用過去分詞。9．(2014·福建高考)—Haven'tseenyouforages!Wherehaveyoubeen?—IwenttoNingxiaandstayed(stay)thereforoneyear,teachingasavolunteer.解析：and連接并列謂語。and之前是一般過去時(shí)。所以and之后也要用一般過去時(shí)。10．(2013·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Theymightjusthaveaplaceleft(leave)onthewritingcourse—whydon'tyougiveitatry?解析：考查非謂語動(dòng)詞作后置定語。句意：寫作課還有一個(gè)名額，你為何不去試試呢？havesth.left表示“有……留下、余下”。11．(2013·重慶高考)IfeltverytiredwhenIgothome,andwent(go)straighttobed.解析：句意：當(dāng)我到家時(shí)感到很疲倦，所以就直接上床睡覺了。句子描述的是發(fā)生在過去的事，故用一般過去時(shí)。12．(2013·山東高考)Ididn'tthinkI'dlikethemovie,butactuallyitwas(be)prettygood.解析：整個(gè)句子的語境是過去時(shí)，因?yàn)槭莇idn'tthink，同時(shí)有but連接句子，時(shí)態(tài)前后要保持一致。13．(2013·安徽高考)I'mcallingabouttheapartmentyouadvertised(advertise)theotherday.Couldyoutellmemoreaboutit?解析：句意：我打咨詢你昨天做廣告的那所公寓。根據(jù)theotherday可知，該空白為一般過去時(shí)態(tài)。[針對(duì)演練]Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Thecaptainaswellashisteamwas(be)interviewedshortlyaftertheywonthegoldmedal.2．—Idon'tthinkyouhaveseenthenewfilmCinderella.—ButIsaw(see)itlastnight.3．—Lindalookshappy.Shemusthaveperformedwellatthejobinterviewyesterday.—Butinfactshedidn't(not)．4．—Whymustwegetupsoearly?—Ifwemissed(miss)theflightwewouldhavetostayhereforanotherweek.5．Fornearlytenyears,hedid(do)veryfewinterviewsorconcerts.Hissimplelifemighthavecontinuedbutforthegreatmusician.6．Duringtheweekend,thehealthclubisusuallyfullofpeopletrying(try)togetinshape.7．Chinaisoneofthedevelopingcountriesbelonging(belong)tothethirdworld.8．Theprofessorreferred(refer)toatthemeetingwillgiveusalecturenextweek.9．Asfortheplansomeagreewhileothersdon't.I'moneofthoseopposed(oppose)toit.10．Itishopedthatthisprojectto_be_acplished(acplish)bytheendof2010willbeapopulartouristattractionofthecity.Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)1．Thestudentsencouragingbytheteacherworkedevenharder.encouraging→encouraged2．Theproblemisdiscussedatthemeetingyesterday.is→was3．Theinjuredworkersusedtobeingtakengoodcareofinthehospital.being→be4．Themachinewasproducedlastyearisveryexpensive.去掉was5．TheexcitingchildrenareopeningtheirChristmaspresents.exciting→excited6．Thepopularbooksarewrittenbyafarmerinhisthirties.are→wereⅢ.句型轉(zhuǎn)換1．Theoldmandiedyesterday.Hewasrespectedbyallofus.→Theoldmanwho/thatwasrespectedbyallofusdiedyesterday.2．Thereareafewboysswimmingintheriver