2024年高考英語外刊時文精讀專題11拯救美洲獅

PAGEPAGE12024年高考英語外刊時文精讀精練(11)SavetheMountainLion挽救美洲獅主題語境：人與自然主題語境內(nèi)容：野生動植物愛護(hù)【外刊原文】（斜體單詞為超綱詞匯，相識即可；下劃線單詞為課標(biāo)詞匯，需熟記。）LosAngeles,aseveryoneknows,isanoodlebowlof

highways.Aseveryonemaynotknow,itisalsooneofonlytwocitiesintheworldwherebigcats

wander

wildinsidethecity

boundaries

(theotherisMumbai).Oneevenlive

neartheHollywoodsign.Butbigcatsand

highways

donotmix,whichiswhyLosAngeleswillsoonbehometooneoftheworld’sbiggest

wildlife

corridors（走廊）.Thecatsaremountain

lions.TheyliveintheSantaMonicaMountains.Theirnumbersare

stable.Their

habitat

ismostly

wilderness（荒野）,fullof

deer,the

lions’

food.Theecologyoftheirrange,thelargest

urban

nationalparkintheworld,ishealthy,thanksinparttotheirpresence.Yetanimalscancomeunderthreatwithout

habitat

loss.

Genetic

degradation（退化）

canbejustasdeadly.CuttingthroughthemountainsisRoute

101,carryingupto

10,000

vehiclesanhour.ItcutstheSantaMonicarangeofffromalarger

wilderness

tothenorth.Thesouthernareaisnotbigenoughforallthe

lions,whicheachrequire

hunting

groundsof

60-150

squaremiles.Theresultisapopulation

trapped

onanenvironmentalisland,with

inbreeding(近親繁殖)

and

genetic

degradation.Astudyin

2016

foundthat,giventheirenvironment,theSantaMonicamountain

lions’chancesofextinctionin

50

yearswouldbe

15-22%;becauseoftheir

genetic

deterioration,thechanceofextinctionwasmorelike

99.7%.Fouryearsafterthatstudycamethefirstevidencethatthebigcatswere

suffering

physical

damage:ayoungmalewasfoundwitha

90-degreekink(扭結(jié))inhis

tail

.Researchershadseenthatbefore.Intheearly

1990s

biologists

studyingtheFloridapanther,acloselyrelatedanimal,foundthatmanyofthemaleshadthesame

genetic

flaws(缺陷).TheFloridapanther

escaped

extinctiononlythankstothe

introduction

of

females

broughtfromTexastorefreshthegenepool.Californiadoesnotneedtogothatfar.Therearehealthymountain-lionpopulationsnorthoftheSantaMonicarange,

separated

bythe

ribbon

ofroad.Hiddencamerasshowtheanimals

crouched

(蹲)atthesideofthe

highway,not

daring

tocross.The

solution

isa

165-foot-widedirt

bridge

whichwouldallowthemtotravelhighoverthetraffic.Suchcorridorshaveworkedelsewhere,fromlargespansfor

elk（麋鹿）

overtheTrans-Canada

highway

toa

small

clawbridgefor

migrating

red

crabs（紅蟹）

onChristmasIsland.Lastmonththegovernor,GavinNewsom,launched

construction.Theanimalsbecome

sexually

mature

at

2?to

3

yearsandhavebabieseveryotheryear.Sowithintenyearsofthe

corridor’s

completion

thegreat-grandchildren

ofthefirst

mating

beyondthemountainscouldhavecubs.Genetically,evenafewmatingswouldmakeadifference.“We’ll

definitely

savethemountainlion,”thinksPaulEdelmanoftheMountainsRecreationandConservationAuthority.“It’sjustamatterofhowlongittakes.”【課標(biāo)詞匯精講】1.boundaryn.分界線；邊界Nationalboundariesarebecomingincreasinglymeaninglessintheglobaleconomy.

在全球化的經(jīng)濟(jì)中，國界已經(jīng)變得越來越?jīng)]有意義了。2.mixv.(使)混合,摻和,融合

Mixalltheingredientstogetherinabowl.把全部的配料放在碗里,攪和一下。

Idon'tliketomixbusinesswithpleasure我不喜愛將社交活動和做生意混在一塊。3.

stableadj.穩(wěn)定的；穩(wěn)固的；堅固的Ifthefoundationsofthehousearen'tstable,collapseispossible.假如房子的地基不穩(wěn)，就有可能倒塌。Thehospitalsaidshewasinastableconditionfollowingtheoperation.院方說她手術(shù)之后狀況穩(wěn)定。4.habitatadj.（動植物的）生長地，棲息地Withsomanyareasofwoodlandbeingcutdown,alotofwildlifeislosingitsnaturalhabitat.大片林地被砍伐，很多野生動物在失去它們的自然棲息地。5.urban城市的；城鎮(zhèn)的；都市的Mostofthepopulationisanurbanpopulation.絕大多數(shù)人口都是城鎮(zhèn)居民。6.presence出席，在場；（事物的）存在，出現(xiàn)Shewasscaredbythepresenceofsomanypeople.這么多人在場，把她嚇壞了。Thedocumentwassignedinthepresenceoftwowitnesses.這項文件簽署時有兩個證人在場。7.deadly致命的;

adeadlypoison

致命的毒藥

adeadlyweapon致命武器

deadlydisease/virus

致命疾病/病毒trap設(shè)陷阱（或夾子、捕獲器）捕獲;被困?。幌萑肽婢砈hesurvivedintheforestbyeatingberriesandtrappingsmallanimalsandbirds.她靠著吃漿果和設(shè)陷阱捕獲小動物和飛鳥，在森林活下來了。Jackleftthejobaftertenyearsbecausehewasbeginningtofeeltrapped.杰克十年后辭掉這份工作，因為他起先感到被束縛住了。9.extinction滅亡，絕種Manyspeciesofplantsandanimalsareindangerof/threatenedwithextinction多種動植物都面臨絕種的危機(jī)。Somepeoplepredicttheextinctionoffamilylifeasweknowittoday.一些人預(yù)言我們現(xiàn)在熟知的家庭生活方式將會消逝。10.suffering難受；熬煎；苦痛

Deathfinallybroughtanendtohersuffering.死亡最終結(jié)束了她的苦痛。escape逃跑，逃脫Twoprisonershaveescaped.兩個犯人逃走了。Alionhasescapedfromitscage.一頭獅子逃出了獸籠。refresh使復(fù)原活力，使再振作Theshowerhadrefreshedher.淋浴使她復(fù)原了活力。13.separate（使）分別；（使）分開Thenorthandsouthofthecountryareseparatedbyamountainrange.這個國家的南北兩部分被一條山脈隔開。Thetopandbottomsectionsarequitedifficulttoseparate.頂部和底部很難分開。launch啟動，推出，發(fā)起Theschemewaslaunchedayearago.這項支配是一年前起先實施的。

TheCanadianpoliceplantolaunchaninvestigationintothedeal.加拿大警方支配對這宗交易綻開調(diào)查。construction建立，建筑Thehoteliscurrentlyunderconstruction.這家旅館目前正在建立之中。Workhasbegunontheconstructionofthenewairport.

新機(jī)場的修建已經(jīng)開工。completion完成，完結(jié)；完滿Workonthenewgolfcourseisnearingcompletion.新的高爾夫球場即將竣工。Thecompletiondateisearlynextyear.完工日期是明年初。makeadifference

Whatevershedid,itmadenodifference.不管她做了什么都沒有關(guān)系的。

Onemorepersonwouldn'tmakeanydifferencetothearrangements.多一個人對支配不會有影響。17.definitely確定，當(dāng)然，毫無疑問HaveyoudefinitelydecidedtogotoAmerica?你已經(jīng)確定確定去美國了嗎？Hedefinitelysaidhe'dbehere.他確定地說了他會到這里來的?！菊n標(biāo)詞匯精練】依據(jù)語境，從上面的“課標(biāo)詞匯”和“重點短語”中選用合適的單詞及其正確形式將句子補充完整。Mostareasareclosetoapark.絕大多數(shù)城區(qū)旁邊都有公園。Iawokefeelingcalmand.我睡醒后心情安靜，精神振作。Thewarwillcausewidespreadhuman.斗爭會給很多人帶來苦難。Shewasluckytoseriousinjury.她真是萬幸，逃過一劫，沒有受重傷。TheUralmountainsmarkthebetweenEuropeandAsia.烏拉爾山脈是歐洲和亞洲的分界線。Theywanttoteachingfromresearch...他們想把教學(xué)和探討分開。He'susuallyquitepoliteinmy.在我面前他通常很有禮貌。Thetwomendiedwhentheyinaburningbuilding.這兩名男子因被困在燃燒的大樓里而喪生。Theofthedinosaursoccurredmillionsofyearsago.恐龍在幾百萬年前已經(jīng)絕種Thegrasslandisanimportantformanywildflowers.草原是很多野花的重要生長地。Theorganizationacampaigntoraise$150,000.為了籌集15萬美元，該組織發(fā)起了一場捐獻(xiàn)活動。Workouttheexactdesignbeforeyoustart.起先施工之前要先搞好詳細(xì)的設(shè)計。Theprojectisdueforinthespring.這項工程預(yù)定在明年春季竣工。Whereyoulivecantothewayyoufeel...住在哪里會極大地影響你的感受。Ifyoublueandyellow,yougetgreen.藍(lán)色和黃色相混合就是綠色。Afterseveralpart-timejobs,he'snowgotajobinabank.做了幾份兼職工作之后，他目前在銀行找到了一份穩(wěn)定的工作。Ishallbeattheairporttomeetyou.我確定會到機(jī)場去接你。Keys:Mosturbanareasareclosetoapark.Iawokefeelingcalmandrefreshed.Thewarwillcausewidespreadhumansuffering.Shewasluckytoescapeseriousinjury.TheUralmountainsmarktheboundarybetweenEuropeandAsia.Theywanttoseparateteachingfromresearch...He'susuallyquitepoliteinmypresence.Thetwomendiedwhentheyweretrappedinaburningbuilding.Theextinctionofthedinosaursoccurredmillionsofyearsago.Thegrasslandisanimportanthabitatformanywildflowers.Theorganizationhaslaunchedacampaigntoraise$150,000.Workouttheexactdesignbeforeyoustartconstruction.Theprojectisdueforcompletioninthespring.Whereyoulivecanmakesuchadifferencetothewayyoufeel.Ifyoumixblueandyellow,yougetgreen.Afterseveralpart-timejobs,he'snowgotastablejobinabank.Ishalldefinitelybeattheairporttomeetyou.【譯文】眾所周知，洛杉磯的高速馬路犬牙交織。但大家可能不知道，它也是世界上僅有的兩個有大型貓科動物在城市邊緣內(nèi)閑逛的城市之一(另一個是孟買)。有一只大型貓科動物甚至就棲息在好萊塢標(biāo)記旁邊。但是大型貓科動物和高速馬路不能融為一體，這就是洛杉磯將很快成為世界上最大的野生動物走廊所在地的緣由。我們所探討的貓科動物正是美洲獅。它們生活在圣莫尼卡山脈，數(shù)量穩(wěn)定。它們的棲息地大多是原始的荒野，到處都是鹿——即獅子的獵物。它們的生態(tài)活動范圍是世界上最大的城市國家公園，這里有良好的生態(tài)生活環(huán)境，其部分緣由是美洲獅的存在。然而，即使沒有丟失棲息地，動物們也會受到威逼。基因退化可能同樣致命。101號馬路貫穿群山，每小時可通過1萬輛汽車。它將圣莫尼卡山脈從北部更大的荒野中分割開來。南部的土地不夠大，不能容納全部的美洲獅，每只獅子須要60-150平方英里(160-390平方公里)的捕獵場。后果是一個美洲獅種群被困在一個環(huán)境孤島上，導(dǎo)致近親繁殖和基因退化。2016年的一項探討發(fā)覺，照美洲獅的生存環(huán)境，圣莫尼卡美洲獅在50年內(nèi)滅亡的幾率將為15-22%；由于其基因退化，滅亡的可能性更接近99.7%。

這項探討四年后，第一次有證據(jù)表明這些大型貓科動物受到了身