牛津初高中英語銜接語法

附件4：牛津初高中英語銜接語法(續(xù))

IV.初中英語賓語從句語法精講

一、賓語從句的概念

賓語從句屬于名詞性從句，在句中作主句的賓語。

eg.WeknowthatMr.Caiteachesushistory.

Sheaskediftheseanswerswereright.

二、賓語從句三要素

引導詞(連接詞)語序時態(tài)

1.引導詞

that引導陳述句的賓語從句，whether,if引導一般疑問句的賓

語從句，Who,whom,whose,which,what,where,how,why,when弓|導

特殊疑問句的賓語從句

①由that引導的賓語從句

注：that在句中無詞匯意義，在從句中不能充當成分，在口

語當中往往省略,eg.

Ihear(that)hewillbebackinanhour.

Hesaid(that)helikedbasketballverymuch.

Theteachertoldus(that)theearthmovesaroundthesun.

I'mafraidthatIhavemadeamistake.

哪些主句后跟that引導的賓語從句呢？

I(don't)believe/think/suppose(猜想)/expect(期

待)/imagine(想象)that...

Ihope/wishthat...

I'mglad/happy/pleased/sorry/afraid/sure/certain/surprised/

that...

②whether,if引導的賓語從句

if/whether“是否”，說明對陳述的事物不咽確或不清楚。

常用在ask,wonder,doubt,can(could)youtellme等后。

Iwanttoknowif(whether)hehascomeupwithnewideas.

Askhimifheissatisfiedwiththeresultofthematch.

Iwonderwhetheritisgoingtorainornot.

只能用whether不能用if的情況：

a.在介詞后面：

I'mthinkingofwhetherweshouldgofishing.

Weareworriedaboutwhetheritwillraintomorrow.

b.在動詞不定式前：

Theyaskedmewhethertogoskating.

c.當與ornot連用，或提出兩種選擇時：

Idon'tknowwhetherhe'sfreeornot.

MaryaskedwhetherIwasdoingmyhomeworkornot.

Tellmewhetheryou'dliketogoshoppingortidytheroom.

d.賓語從句提前時：

Whetherthisistrueornot,Ican'tsay.

③由連接代詞who,whom,whose,which,what和連接副詞

where,how,why,when引導的賓語從句

★代詞或副詞連接主句和從句，并在從句中擔任句子成分，具有

一定的意義，不可省略。

*Heaskedwhowasondutytoday.

*Doyouknowwhomtheyarewaitingfor?

*HeaskedwhoseEnglishwasthebestintheclass.

*.Doyouknowwhenwe'llhaveaclassmeeting?

*Pleasetellmewherethenearesthospitalis.

*.CouldyoutellmewhyyourecommendSandyasthe

chaiipersonoftheStudents'Union?

2.語序：陳述句語序

即：主句+引導詞+從句（主+謂+其他成分）

Canyoutellmehowoldyouare（你多大啦）?

★當what,which,who在從句中作主語或是以下句子時，語序不

變，e.g:

原句：

What'swrong?

What'sthematter?

What'shappening?

Whathappened?

在賓語從句中：

Canyoutellmewhathappened?

Idon'tknowwhat'sthematter.

3.時態(tài)：

主句一般現(xiàn)在時，從句可用任何時態(tài)。

主句一般過去時，從句用與過去相關的時態(tài)。

★從句說明的是一般真理、客觀事實、自然現(xiàn)象、名言時，仍用

現(xiàn)在時,e.g:

Dadtoldusthatknowledgeispower.

Hetoldtheboythatthreeandfourisseven.

Hetoldmethesunrisesintheeast.

★當主句為一般過去時，從句中有具體的過去時間狀語時，一般不

用過去完成時，而是用一般過去時,e.g:

Hesaid(that)heboughtthehousein1989.

Jacktoldusthathismotherdiedin1962.

★與過去相關的時態(tài)

一般過去時、過去進行時、過去完成時、過去將來時,e.g:

Hesaidthathehadbeentoshanghai.

IthoughtthathewaswatchingTV.

Sheinsistedthatshewasright.

MarytoldmethatshewouldgotoBeijingthenextday。

Exercise

i.單項選擇

1.Doyouknowthistimeyesterday?

A.whoaretheywaitingB.whotheyarewaitingfor

C.whoweretheywaitingD.whotheywerewaitingfor

2.Couldyoutellus?

A.ifyourfatherdoesB.whatdoesyourfatherdo

C.yourfatherdoeswhatD.whatyourfatherdoes

3.CanyoutellmewhatnextSunday?

A.willtheydoB.theywoulddo

C.wouldtheydoD.theywilldo

4.SheaskedmeifIknew

A.whosepenwasitB.whosepenitwas

C.whosepenitisD.whosepenisit

5.Excuseme,couldyoutellme?

A.whencanIgettothestation

B.Icangettowhichstation

C.whichstationIcangetto

D.howIcangettothestation

6.Canyoutellmewhere?.

A.isthepostofficeB.thepostofficeis

C.doesthepostofficeD.thepostofficedoes

7.Doyouknowwhowithateightyesterday?

A.heistalkingB.washetalking

C.hewastalkingD.ishetalking

8.TheywonderediftheteacherusEnglishthenextterm.

A.wouldteachB.hadtaughtC.willteachD.taught

9.Hetoldmethatthesunintheeast.

A.risesB.raisesC.roseD.raised

10.Theboyaskedanynoisefromoutside.

A.whetherhadIheardB.whetherIhadheard

C.whetherhaveIheardD.whetherIhaveheard

11.Thismapwillshowyou.

A.whereistheSummerPalace

B.wheretheSummerPalaceis

C.whereistheSummerPalacelike

D.howtheSummerPalaceislike

12.Wehaven'tdecidedwewillgothereforapicnictomorrow.

A.whereB.whyC.whenD.Whether

13.Themanagercameuptosee.

A.whatwasthematterB.whatthematterwas

C.whatthematterisD.what'sthematter

14.Canyoutellmewhenback?

A.willhebeB.doeshecome

C.hewillbeD.didhecome

15.WuDongsaidhetwice.

A.hasbeentoShanghaiB.hasgonetoShanghai

C.hadbeentoShanghaiD.hadgonetoShanghai

16.Doyouunderstand?

A.whatshesaidB.whattosay

C.whatdidshesaidD.howshehadsaid

17.Theteachersaidthat.

A.thesunmovesaroundtheearth

B.theearthmovedaroundthesun

C.themoonisoursatellite

D.themoonwasoursatellite

18.1don'tknowwhenhe_back.Pleasetellhimthenewswhenhe

back.

A.come;willcomeB.comes;comes

C.willcome;comesD.willcome;willcome

19.1don'tknowifhisuncle.1thinkheifheisfree.

A.willcome;comesB.willcome,willcome

C.comescomesD.comes;willcome

20.Nooneknows.

A.whichgatewehavetogo

B.whichgatewemustgo

C.whichgatedowehavetogoto

D.whichgatewehavetogoto

n.用所給動詞的適當形式填空

l.Tomsaysthatthey(play)basketballatsixo'clock

yesterdayevening.

2.1hearthey(return)thebikealready.

3.HesaidthattheymembersofthePartysince1948.(be)

4.Theteachertoldhisclassthatlightfasterthansound,(travel)

5.1supposeyouaboutthemurdernow.(talk)

6.1didn'tknowwhomthelettersfrom,(be)

7.1didn'tknowwhattimehetheletter,(write)

8.Couldyoutellmewhoawaythebookalready?(take)

9.LingFengtoldmehethereseveraltimes.(be)

10.Ourteachertoldusthesunintheeast,(rise)

III.合并句子

1.Wheredotheystopontheway?Iasked.

2.Whatwillyousayatthemeeting?Couldyoutellme?

3.Dotheyliketogoskiing?Heasked.

4.Heisdoinghishomework.Hesaid.

5.Hehasfoundhisbike.Tomsaid.

6.Isshedoingherhomework?Jimasked.

7.Whenwillhecomeback?Tomasked.

8.HowcanIgettothestation?Couldyoutellme?

9.Whyisthetrainlate?Wouldyoutellme?

10.Whichsongisthemostbeautiful?Theyasked.

附件4：牛津初高中英語銜接語法(續(xù))

V.初中英語被動語態(tài)語法精講

一.概念

主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者，被動語態(tài)表示主語是

動作的承受者。

二.被動語態(tài)的構成：助動詞/bd情態(tài)動詞+及物動詞的過去分詞

三.被動語態(tài)的時態(tài)

1.一般現(xiàn)在時：am/is/are+pp

2.一般過去時：was/were+pp

3.一般將來時：shall/will+be/begoingtobe+pp

4.現(xiàn)在進行時：am/is/are+being+pp

5.過去進行時：was/were+being+pp

6.現(xiàn)在完成時：have/has+been+pp

7.過去完成時：had+been+pp

8.情態(tài)動詞：(can/may/must/shouldetc.)+be+pp

四、主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)

轉(zhuǎn)換圖示：

主動句：Theyplanted-true.

被動句：Atreewasplantedbythem.

賓蔽生語b計過去分詞主語變?yōu)閎y…

1.主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的步驟：

①將主動句的賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z：

注意：如果主動句的賓語是代詞，需將其由賓格變?yōu)橹鞲瘛?/p>

e.g:Tomkilledhim.fHewaskilledbyTom.

②將動詞改為"be+過去分詞"：

e.g:Theyheldameetingyesterday.

-Ameetingwasheldbythemyesterday.

③將主動語態(tài)的主語改為by…放在謂語動詞后。

注意：如果原主語是代詞，則應由主格變?yōu)橘e格。

e.g:Hesangasong.

-*Asongwassungbyhim.

2.主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的注意事項：

含有雙賓語，即直接賓語(常指事物)和間接賓語(常指人)的

句子，每個賓語都可變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的主語，即其被動語態(tài)有兩種形式。

但多以間接賓語作主語。

e.g:Jacktoldusthetruth.

WeweretoldthetruthbyJack.

Thetruthwastold(to)usbyJack.

五、注意以下問題：

★帶有雙賓語的動詞變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時一，可以把其中一個賓語變?yōu)楸?/p>

動語態(tài)的主語，若將直接賓語(sth.)變?yōu)橹髡Z，須根據(jù)習慣在原間接賓

語前加上介詞to或for

用to的常見詞有：give,show,send,lend,pass,pay,teach,throw,

take,bringetc.

用for的常見詞有：make,choose,sing,play,draw,save,buy,get,

leave,cooketc.

e.g:Hegavemeabook.-*Iwasgivenabookbyhim.

fAbookwasgiventomebyhim.

★在see,let,make,hear,watchetc.動詞之后,作賓語補足語的動詞不

定式不帶to,但在變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，則一定要加上to。

e.g:Myteachersawhimcheatintheexam.

fHewasseentocheatintheexambymyteacher.

★在某些“不及物動詞+介詞/副詞”(相當于及物物動詞)的句子中，

變被動語態(tài)時，注意不要丟掉介詞/副詞。

e.g:Itookgoodcareofmymotherlastweek.

—Mymotherwastakengoodcareofbyme.

★主動形式表示被動意義的詞：

①某些感官動詞：

look,smell,taste,feel,wear,sound,etc.

e.g:Itsmellsterrible.

Peopleoftenwenthungryintheolddays.

②某些及物動詞+副詞：

wash,write,sell,read,open,cut,shut,keep

e.g:Thiskindofcomputersellswell.

★只有及物動詞(vt.)才有被動語態(tài)，不及物動詞(vi.)沒有被動語態(tài),

因為它不帶賓語。

Exercise

i.單項選擇

1.Goodbooksagainandagain.

A.shouldbereadedB.shouldberead

C.mustreadD.oughttoread

2.Thechildrenbythenurse.

A.werelookedB.lookedafterC.werelookedafterD.looked

3.Hesomepiecesofadvice,buthetothem.

A.gave,didn'tlistenB.wasgiven,wasn'tlistened

C.give,wasn'tlistenedD.wasgiven,didn'tlisten

4.Whentheaccident?

A.was,happenB.did,happenC.is,happenD.was,happened

5.Thequestionbyussoon.

A.isgoingtodiscussB.willdiscuss

C.isgoingtobediscussedD.hasbeendiscussed

6.Thelababoutfiveyearsago.

A.wasbuildedB.wasbuiltC.buildsD.hasbeenbuilt

7.Alotoftallbuildingsinhishometowninthelastthreeyears.

A.havesetupB.havebeensetupC.weresetupD.setup

8.Theyprinting500copiesbytheendoflastmonth.

A.hadfinishedB.havefinished

C.hadbeenfinishedD.havebeenfinished

9.Ricealsointheirhometown.

A.is…grownB.is??,grewC.was…grewD.was',"grown

10.Hebytheteachers.

A.isalwayspraisedB.praises

C.havebeenpraisedD.alwaysispraised

11.Greatchangesplace.Manynewschools.

A.havetaken,havebeenopenedB.take,areopen

C.aretaken,openD.havebeentaken,areopened

12.ThepictureinOctober,1996.

A.wastakingB.hadbeentakenC.wastakenD.hadtaken

13.Wecan'tusethebridgenow,becauseit.

A.hasbeenrepairedB.isrepairing

C.isrepairedD.isbeingrepaired

14.1thewaytotherailwaystationbyapoliceman.

A.wasshownB.showedC.haveshownD.wasshowing

15.Thewarin1941.

A.brokeoutB.hadbeenbrokenout

C.wasbrokenoutD.hadbrokenout

16.Whenwater,itwillbechangedintovapor（蒸汽）.

A.isheatedB.heatingC.hasheatedD.heats

17.Wecan'tentertheroombecauseitsdoor.

A.lockedB.locksC.islockedD.islocking

18.Theydayandnight.

A.aremadeworkB.aremadetowork

C.madetobeworkedD.aremakingtowork

19.Chang'anRoadisofpeople.

A.filledB.fillC.fullD.fulled

20.Man-madesatellitesintospacebymanycountries.

A.wassentupB.issentup

C.havebeensentupD.hasbeensentup

21.ThisEnglishsongoftenbythechildren.

A.is,singingB.is,sungC.will,singD.was,sung

22.Thewindowsofourhouseonceaweek.

A.mustcleanB.havecleanedC.iscleanedD.arecleaned

23.WhenthePeople'sRepublicofChina?

A.was,foundB.was,foundedC.did,foundD.does,found

24.Mary'sradiobymybrotherjustnow.

A.willbemendedB.hasmendedC.wasmendedD.mended

25.Yourexercisebooksafterclass.

A.willhandinB.musthandinC.handedinD.mustbehandedin

26.Sometreesmayatothertimesoftheyear.

A.beplantedB.plantC.areplantedD.willbeplanted

27.Thesunatnightasusual.

A.canbeseenB.can'tseeC.can'tbeseenD.doesn'tsee

28.AnewEnglishplaytherenextweek.

A.willputonB.willbeputon

C.isgoingtoputonD.willbeputtedon

29.Astrangethinginourschoolyesterday.

A.washappenedB.hasbeenhappened

C.happenedD.wasgoingtohappen

30.Theglass.ItbylittleTomthismorning.

A.broke,isbrokenB.isbroken,wasbroken

C.wasbroken,brokeD.hasbeenbroken,broken

n.把下列句子改為被動語態(tài)

1.1sawtheboyrunyesterday.

2.Hetoldmethathewouldcomebacksoon.

3.Youcanfindalotofdifferencesbetweenthetwolanguages.

4.Doyouwateryourflowerseveryday?

5.Thewindblewdownthebigtreelastnight.

6.1thinkthatheisright.

7.Hehadnotthrownthebadfood.

8.Motherwasnotmendingthetrousers.

9.TheywouldnottakehimtoBeijing.

10.Nobodyknewmeinthistownatthattime.

in.用動詞的正確形式填空：

1.Englishwidely(use)intheworld.

2.Thisoldhouse(build)ninetyyearsago.

3.They(make)machinesintheirfactory.

4.People(use)bambootowriteinthepast.

5.theseinventions(invent)manyyearsago?

6.1(find)thislibrarybookyesterday.

7.Thatlibrarybook(return)tothelibrarythismorning.

8.Thisbook(write)byLuxun.

9.Atrafficaccident(happen)justnow.

10.Thepen(write)veryfast.

11.PekingOpera(sound)