高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)第二部分專(zhuān)題四詞義猜測(cè)課件

專(zhuān)題四詞義猜測(cè)-2-Ⅰ.詞匯復(fù)習(xí)16(根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示填入以j開(kāi)頭的單詞的適當(dāng)形式,然后背誦情景,熟記以j開(kāi)頭的課標(biāo)高頻詞匯。)【情景】It’snotajoke.Yesterdayarobberdressedinajacketandbluejeanswithlotsofjewelryescapedinajetplanebecauseofthetrafficjam.Nomatterhowlongthe1.

journey

(旅程)is,thepolice,witha2.

judge

(法官)andsomejunior

journalists3.

joining

(加入)inthejob,aredeterminedtoarresthim.Tooursurprise,hejustturned16thisJune,andhadneverdrunkjuice.

譯文:這不是一個(gè)笑話。昨天一個(gè)穿著夾克與藍(lán)牛仔褲的搶劫犯,帶著許多珠寶,由于交通堵塞而乘坐一架?chē)姎馐斤w機(jī)逃跑了。不管行程多遠(yuǎn),警察決定逮捕他,其中,有一位法官,還有一些資歷較淺的記者也加入到了這項(xiàng)工作中。令我們吃驚的是,搶劫犯今年六月份剛滿(mǎn)16歲,并且從沒(méi)有喝過(guò)果汁。-3--4-Dearfriends,Howtimeflies!_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Thankyou.-5--6-Finally,mayourfriendshiplastforeverandhopeyoucanvisitourschoolnextyear.Thankyou!

-7-詞義猜測(cè)題考查考生不使用詞典而通過(guò)閱讀上下文來(lái)推斷生詞含義的能力。常見(jiàn)的考查方式有:1.直接猜測(cè)某個(gè)詞的含義;2.判斷文中的某個(gè)代詞指代的對(duì)象;3.對(duì)文中的多義詞或短語(yǔ)進(jìn)行精確定義;4.對(duì)英語(yǔ)中特有的表達(dá)、格言、諺語(yǔ)等進(jìn)行解釋。一、單詞或短語(yǔ)意義猜測(cè)題詞匯量小是制約閱讀理解能力的一個(gè)重要因素。詞義猜測(cè)題著重考查考生根據(jù)上下文猜測(cè)詞義的能力,這也是一個(gè)從“已知”得出“未知”的過(guò)程,即利用上下文的已知部分(尤其是該詞或短語(yǔ)前后的句子)進(jìn)行推理,有時(shí)還需要依靠常識(shí)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)來(lái)猜測(cè)詞義?？疾榉秶婕皢卧~詞義理解、短語(yǔ)意思理解或代詞指代對(duì)象等。常見(jiàn)的命題形式有:-8-Theunderlinedwordinthesecondparagraphmeans“

”.

Theword“it/they”inthelastparagraphrefersto“

”.

Whichofthefollowingwordsisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedwordinthelastparagraph?Theunderlinedword...inParagraph2canbestbereplacedby“

”.

Whatdoesthephrase“

”inParagraph1mean?

-9-方法突破七種猜詞技巧疏通生詞渠道1.根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)化、合成、派生等構(gòu)詞法進(jìn)行判斷。掌握一定的構(gòu)詞法,就不難猜測(cè)出詞義。2.根據(jù)上下文解釋做出判斷。有時(shí)文章中出現(xiàn)一個(gè)需猜測(cè)其意義的詞或短語(yǔ),下面接著就出現(xiàn)了它的定義或解釋,這是判斷該詞或短語(yǔ)意義的主要依據(jù)。3.根據(jù)上下文的指代關(guān)系進(jìn)行判斷。文章中的代詞it,that,he,him或them可以指上文或下文提到的人或物,其中it和that還可以指一件事。有時(shí)代詞與其指代的對(duì)象相隔較遠(yuǎn),需要對(duì)前面或后面提到的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行總結(jié),才能弄清楚代詞所指代的內(nèi)容。4.根據(jù)同義詞和反義詞猜測(cè)詞義。利用這種方法猜測(cè)詞義,重點(diǎn)是要抓住文中表示遞進(jìn)、轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ纫饬x的詞語(yǔ)。-10-5.根據(jù)因果關(guān)系進(jìn)行判斷。根據(jù)原因可以預(yù)測(cè)結(jié)果,根據(jù)結(jié)果也可以找出原因。6.根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系、同位關(guān)系或定語(yǔ)從句進(jìn)行判斷。閱讀中出現(xiàn)的新詞、難詞,其后往往會(huì)跟著一些表示遞進(jìn)、轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ纫饬x的詞語(yǔ),這些詞語(yǔ)對(duì)考生理解詞匯的意義有很大的幫助。如表示轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ鹊膐therwise,however,while,insteadof,ratherthan,although,but,onthecontrary等;表示并列或遞進(jìn)的and,aswellas,notonly...butalso...等;表示選擇的or等。也有些試題需要考生根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)判斷,有時(shí)根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句或同位關(guān)系進(jìn)行判斷。閱讀理解中出現(xiàn)的新詞、難詞,其后往往會(huì)跟一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句或同位語(yǔ)對(duì)它進(jìn)行解釋。7.通過(guò)例子來(lái)猜測(cè)詞義?？忌ㄟ^(guò)歸納文中所舉的例子,可以得出該詞或短語(yǔ)的意義。常用來(lái)引出所舉例子的提示詞語(yǔ)有suchas,forexample,forinstance,like等。-11-例1(2016·全國(guó)Ⅰ卷,C)IamPeterHodes,avolunteerstemcellcourier.SinceMarch2012,I’vedone89trips—ofthose,51havebeenabroad.Ihave42hourstocarrystemcells(干細(xì)胞)inmylittleboxbecauseI’vegottwoicepacksandthat’showlongtheylast.Inall,fromthetimethestemcellsareharvestedfromadonor(捐獻(xiàn)者)tothetimetheycanbeimplantedinthepatient,we’vegot72hoursatmost.SoIamalwaysconsciousoftime.-12-29.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“courier”inParagraph1?A.provider B.deliverymanC.collector D.medicaldoctor解析:B

詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第一段第二、三句內(nèi)容,特別是里面出現(xiàn)的關(guān)鍵詞trips和carry可推斷,該詞指的是“運(yùn)送者;快遞者”。-13-例2(2017·全國(guó)Ⅱ卷,B)...Wesharedthebeliefthatifyou’refortunateenoughtohavesuccess,youshouldputsomethingback—hewithhisNewman’sOwnfoodandhisHoleintheWallcampsforkidswhoareseriouslyill,andmewithSundanceandtheinstituteandthefestival.PaulandIdidn’tseeeachotherallthatregularly,butsharingthatbroughtustogether.Wesupportedeachotherfinanciallyandbyshowingupatevents.’dbeeninandoutofthehospital.HeandIbothknewwhatthedealwas,andwedidn’ttalkaboutit.Ourswasarelationshipthatdidn’tneedalotofwords.-14-26.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inparagraph3referto?A.Theirbelief.B.Theircareforchildren.C.Theirsuccess.D.Theirsupportforeachother.解析:A

詞義猜測(cè)題。本段講的是他們共同的信仰。開(kāi)頭說(shuō)“We

shared

the

belief

that...”,此處又提到“but

sharing

that

brought

us

together”,由此可知,畫(huà)線詞that指的是他們共同的信仰。

-15--16--17-演練1WaltDisneyiscreditedforcreatingsuchwonderfulthingsasDonaldDuckandMickeyMouse.However,hecannottakethecreditforcreatingotherwell-lovedcharacters,suchasCinderellaandSnowWhite.TheyarealmostautomaticallyassociatedwithDisneybecauseDisneyturnedoldfables(寓言)intocartoonmovies.Q:Whatdoestheunderlinedword“They”inthefirstparagraphreferto?

A.Suchwonderfulthings.

B.Otherwell-lovedcharacters.C.Oldfables.

D.Cartoonmovies.B解析:代詞指代題。依據(jù)前文的“However,he

cannot

take

the

credit

for

creating

other

well-loved

characters”可知此處“They”指代上文出現(xiàn)的other

well-loved

characters。-18-演練2Whilehisapproachwaspeaceful,hesometimesranafoulofthelaw.OnmorethanoneoccasionhewasarrestedattheCapitolHillinWashingtoninconcertwithgroupsprotestingwhattheyconsideredlaxoversightoftheminingindustrybythefederalgovernment.

Q:Theunderlinedphrase“ranafoulof”inthepassagemeans“

”.

A.laiddown B.carriedoutC.wentfor D.conflictedwithD解析:詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)此段中的“While

his

approach

was

peaceful...”及“On

more

than

one

occasion

he

was

arrested...”可知,他的方法是和平的,然而有時(shí)會(huì)與法律相抵觸,所以不止一次被捕。故選D項(xiàng),意思是“(與法律、規(guī)章等)相抵觸,有沖突”。-19-二、句意猜測(cè)理解題句意猜測(cè)理解題通常需要考生猜測(cè)具有概括性的句子或是格言、諺語(yǔ)等的意思,要求通過(guò)閱讀文章,用合適的語(yǔ)句對(duì)其進(jìn)行解釋性的描述。常見(jiàn)的命題形式有:Theunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphmostprobablymeans

.

TheunderlinedwordsinParagraph1probablymean

.

By“...”,thewritermeans

.

Bysaying“...”,theauthorimpliesthat

.

-20-方法突破句意猜測(cè)理解題要使用推理法,即根據(jù)文章的前后語(yǔ)境推斷出句子的意思。針對(duì)此類(lèi)題,考生首先要理解句子前后的語(yǔ)境,其次對(duì)此句在文章中的意思進(jìn)行合理的推斷,最后再通過(guò)綜合歸納,這樣試題就很容易解答了。-21-例(2017·浙江卷,A)BenjaminWest,thefatherofAmericanpainting,showedhistalentforartwhenhewasonlysixyearsofage.Buthedidnotknowaboutbrushesbeforeavisitortoldhimheneededone.Inthosedays,abrushwasmadefromcamel’shair.Therewerenocamelsnearby.Benjamindecidedthatcathairwouldworkinstead.Hecutsomefurfromthefamilycattomakeabrush.Thebrushdidnotlastlong.SoonBenjaminneededmorefur.Beforelong,thecatbegantolookragged(蓬亂).Hisfathersaidthatthecatmustbesick.Benjaminwasforcedtoadmitwhathehadbeendoing.-22-Thecat’slotwasabouttoimprove.Thatyear,oneofBenjamin’scousins,Mr.Pennington,cametovisit.HewasimpressedwithBenjamin’sdrawings.Whenhewenthome,hesentBenjaminaboxofpaintandsomebrushes.Healsosentsixengravings(版畫(huà))byanartist.ThesewerethefirstpicturesandfirstrealpaintandbrushesBenjaminhadeverseen.

-23-22.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinparagraph3suggest?A.Thecatwouldbecloselywatched.B.Thecatwouldgetsomemedicalcare.C.Benjaminwouldleavehishomeshortly.D.Benjaminwouldhaverealbrushessoon.解析:D

句意猜測(cè)題。由上文內(nèi)容可知,本杰明沒(méi)有畫(huà)刷就從貓身上割毛制作畫(huà)刷。由下文內(nèi)容可知,本杰明的表兄給他帶來(lái)了畫(huà)刷和顏料。故畫(huà)線句子暗示本杰明很快就會(huì)有真正的畫(huà)刷了。故選D項(xiàng)。-24-演練3’veallgonethroughperiodswhenthepeopleinourliveshavechanged—graduation,movingtoanewcity,gettinganewjob,joininganewclub,etc.Idon’tthinkIneedtoconvinceyoujusthowmuchinfluenceotherpeoplecanhaveoveryouridentity.Ifyou’veeverexperiencedamajorswitchinyourpeopleenvironment,thenyouknowthatyouchangeaswell.Mostpeopledon’tmakethesechoicesconsciously(意識(shí)到地)though.Youmightconsciouslydecidetospendmoretimewithacertainfriend,oryoumayasksomeoneoutonadatetobeginanewrelationship.Butfewpeoplechoosetheirexistingfriendshipsdeliberately.-25-There’sno“gettingridofpeople”.Peoplearealwaysdroppingintoandoutofeachother’slives.Associationsgrowintofriendships,andfriendshipsfadeintoassociations.Youdon’tgetridofanyone.Thetruthisthatinordertomakeroomfornewpeopleandnewexperiences,youmayneedtoloosenupsomeofyourexistingconnections.

-26-Q:WhatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph3mean?

A.Everyonehasatleastonefriend.B.Itisunnecessarytomakenewfriends.C.Friendshipstillexiststhoughtherearefewerconnections.D.Yououghttotreatyouroldandnewfriendsequally.C解析:句意猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫(huà)線句后的“People

are

always

dropping

into

and

out

of

each

other’s

grow

into

friendships,and

friendships

fade

into

don’t

get

rid

of

anyone...you

may

need

to

loosen

up

some

of

your

existing

connections.”可知,盡管人們之間的聯(lián)系少了,但友誼依然存在。故選C項(xiàng)。-27-ABC-28-ABC-29-ABCWhilethisisallfun,myfavouriteaspectofvolunteeringiscreatingandsharingstories.Myterribleattemptsatfarminghavegivenmehilariousstoriestotell!Talkingtovolunteersfromdifferentcountriesandbackgroundshasalsohelpedmelearnmoreabouttheworld.Ifeelthankfultohavehadsomuchfunwithmanynicepeoplethankstovolunteering.【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】

本文是一篇記敘文。作者是一個(gè)喜歡從事志愿活動(dòng)的人,他參與了各種各樣的志愿者活動(dòng),既鍛煉了自己的社交能力,也交到了很多朋友,并從中受益良多。-30-ABC1.Whydidtheauthorwanttovolunteer?A.Hewantedtogoabroad.B.Hefeltashamedofhimself.C.Hewantedtobeafarmer.D.Hewantedtotastenewlifeandmakefriends.D解析:推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第二句中的“I

wanted

to

meet

people

and

have

new

experiences

so

I

decided

to

start

volunteering”可知,作者想接觸更多的人,并且有新的經(jīng)歷,所以他決定參與志愿者活動(dòng)。-31-ABC2.Theunderlinedword“hilarious”inthelastparagraphisclosestinmeaningto“

”.

B.negativeC.awful A解析:詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)本文的標(biāo)題和本段第一句中的“While

this

is

all

fun”可知,作者在從事志愿者活動(dòng)的過(guò)程中有很多有趣的故事。雖然期間也有一些不好的方面,但是更多的是有趣的故事。-32-ABC3.Whatvolunteeringworkdidtheauthordo?A.Helpinginacharityshop.B.Conductingachoirinasportsevent.C.HelpinginanItalianfarm.D.Takingcareofcows.A解析:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句中的“volunteered

in

a

charity

shop”可知,作者曾經(jīng)在一家慈善商店里面做過(guò)志愿者。charity

shop指的是為弱勢(shì)群體專(zhuān)門(mén)設(shè)立的商店,里面的東西物美價(jià)廉。

-33-ABC4.Howdoestheauthorfeelaccordingtothelastparagraph?A.Curious. B.Anxious.C.Grateful. D.Cautious.C解析:推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句中的“I

feel

thankful

to

have

had

so

much

fun

with

many

nice

people”可知,作者在從事這些活動(dòng)的過(guò)程中,對(duì)生活更加感恩。-34-(2016·云南昆明七校調(diào)研)Forthefirsttime,researchershavediscoveredthatsomeplantscankillinsectsinordertogetadditionalnutrients.Newresearchshowsthattheycatchandkillsmallinsectswiththeirownstickyhairsneartherootsandthenabsorbnutrientsthroughtheirrootswhentheinsectsarekilledandfalltotheground.ProfessorMarkChase,ofKewandQueenMaryUniversityofLondon,said,“Thecultivated(栽培的)tomatoesandpotatoesstillhavethehairs.Tomatoesinparticulararecoveredwiththesestickyhairs.Theydotrapsmallinsectsonaregularbasis.Theydokillinsects.”ABC-35-ABC-36-Theresearchers,publishingtheirfindingintheBotanical

Journal

of

the

Linnean

Society,said,“Wemaybesurroundedbymanymoremurderousplantsthanwethink.”“Weareaccustomedtothinkingofplantsasbeingharmless,andthereissomethingdeeplyfrighteningaboutthethoughtofmeat-eatingplants,”theyadded.【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。研究報(bào)告表明:一些植物為了獲取額外的營(yíng)養(yǎng)會(huì)殺死昆蟲(chóng),而這種能力是它們?cè)谧匀唤缰袨榱松娑M(jìn)化得來(lái)的。ABC-37-1.Tomatoesandpotatoeskillinsectsto

.

A.getmorestickyhairsB.makethemselvesgrowbetterC.maketheirrootsstrongerD.avoidfallingdowntothegroundB解析:推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的第一句“For

the

first

time,researchers

have

discovered

that

some

plants

can

kill

insects

in

order

to

get

additional

nutrients.”可推知,一些植物為了得到額外的營(yíng)養(yǎng)會(huì)殺死昆蟲(chóng),從而可以讓它們自己長(zhǎng)得更好,且第三段中提到,西紅柿和土豆就是這種植物。ABC-38-2.Theword“carnivorous”inParagraph3mostprobablyrefersto

.

C解析:詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段中的“They

do

kill

insects.”可推知,這些植物會(huì)殺死昆蟲(chóng),所以畫(huà)線詞的意思與C項(xiàng)最接近,意為“殺蟲(chóng)的”,即食肉植物。ABC-39-3.Thetechniqueforveg