2024年高考英語?？贾袊幕x寫專練專題 26：中國文化讀寫專項(xiàng)：中國園林 中國寶塔 素材積累

優(yōu)點(diǎn)英語優(yōu)點(diǎn)英語Lesson5ChineseArchitecture---Gardens中國建筑---園林 Thegardenisoneoftheimportanttypesofarchitecturalart.Itisessentiallyaimedatorganizinganenvironmentrichincharacterandinterestandfullofthebeautyofartisticconceptionthroughtheso-calledfourgardeningelementsincludingmountains,rivers,structuresandplants,aswellastheorganiccomponentssuchasroads,interiorsettings．Incomparisontoordinarystructures,thespiritualcharacterofgardensismoreoutstanding,anditrequiresthatartistshavegreaterandhigheringenuityandimagination． Comparedwithothergardeningsystemsoftheworld,suchasEuropeanorIslamicChinesegardenshavetheirunusualnationalcharacteristics:(1)Payingattentiontonaturalbeauty.Chinesegardenscarryoutprocessingandtransformationoftheoriginalterrainandlandformbyfollowingtheprincipleof"makingitseemlikenature",orseemnaturallyformed,soastosatisfypeople'sfeelingofgettingclosetonature．Thebuildingsingardensdonotfocusonartificial,well-arrangedpatterns,butrathertheyfollowtheexampleofroadsideorriversidepavilionsandbridgesandvillagebuildingsthatcloselyintegratethecountrysidewithnaturalmountainsandrivers,becomingatotalcombinationofarchitecturalandnaturalbeauty.(2)Pursuingmanytwistsandturns.Natureitselfisever-changingandinteresting.Chinesehorticulturistswhoimitatenaturenecessarilymakeeffortstofollowchanging,free-stylecomposition．Althoughnaturedoesnothaveafixedform,ithasafixedway.Therefore,the"freedom"pursuedbytheChinesegardenisnotabsolute.Thereexistsstrictwaysandmethods,onlytheyarenotgeometricmethodsbutnaturalones.Theoperationofthegardenrequiresevenmoregeniusandimaginationthantheregularcompositionofapicture.ItisofacompletelydifferentsystemcomparedwiththeWesternlandscapegardeningtheorywhich“forcenaturetoacceptthesymmetricalrules”-andstressesthesymmetricalpattern,straightroads,regularflowerbedsandponds,thecarpetpattern-likelawnsandtreescutintoageometricshape.(3)Advocatingartisticconception.ThebeautifulenvironmentcreatedbyChinesehorticulturistsdoesnotstopatthestageofformalbeauty,buttriestoexpressinwardfeelingthroughoutwardscenery.Therefore,thecreationoftheappreciationofgardensisaprocessoffull,deep-seatedfeeling.Atthetimeofcreation,onedescribethescenerywithone'sfeeling,whileatthetimeofappreciation,thenaturalsettingstirsupone'sfeeling.Thisatmosphereofcombiningfeelingwithsceneryiswhatiscalledartisticconception.ThekeytothehighorlowlevelandsuccessorfailureinthecreationofChinesegardensdependsontheculturallevel,andthehighorlowlevelandtheinterestofthecreator.ChinesehorticulturebeganintheQinDynasty,andtworoyalgardenconstructionupsurgesoccurredduringtheQin/HanandSui/Tangdynasties.PrivategardenssawgreatdevelopmentduringtheTangandSongdynasties,andenteredthesummarystageintheMingandQingdynasties.TheachievementsingardeningduringtheQingDynastyareworthstillgreaterattention,representinganimportantpartofthethirddevelopmentupsurgeinChinesearchitecture.Almostalloftheexistinggardenswere:preservedduringthisage.TheremainingroyalgardensarenearBeijing,whileprivategardensofahigherartisticlevelaremostlyconcentratedinareassouthoftheYangtzeRiver.TheyconsistthetwomajorschoolsofChinesegardening.（556words）◆Helper:component[k?m?p?un?nt]成分ingenuity[??nd?i?njuiti]心靈手巧,獨(dú)創(chuàng)性IslamicIslamic[iz'l?mik]伊斯蘭教的terrain[t??re?n]地形，地勢(shì)pavilion[p?'v?l??n]（公園中的）亭，閣樓integrate[?intiɡreit]使一體化twist[twist]曲折horticulturist[,h?rt?'k?lt??r?st]園藝學(xué)家composition[?k?mp??zi??n]構(gòu)圖，布置pursue[p??sju:]追求geometric[?d?i:??metr?k]幾何學(xué)的,幾何裝飾的symmetrical[s??metr?k?l]對(duì)稱的stirsup引起，激起artisticconception[ɑ:?tistikk?n?sep??n]意境upsurge['?ps?:d?]高潮,高漲◆ChineseBriefIntroduction:我國的園林藝術(shù)至今已有三千多年的歷史，是世界園林藝術(shù)起源最早的國家之一，在世界園林史上占有極重要的位置，并具有極其高超的藝術(shù)水平和獨(dú)特的民族風(fēng)格。園林是人們?yōu)榱擞斡[娛樂的方便，用自己的雙手創(chuàng)造風(fēng)景的一種藝術(shù)。由于各民族、各地區(qū)人們對(duì)風(fēng)景的不同理解和偏愛，也就出現(xiàn)了不同風(fēng)格的園林。歸結(jié)起來，世界上的園林可分為三個(gè)系統(tǒng)——?dú)W洲園林、西亞園林和中國園林。我國園林有著悠久的歷史，它那“雖由人作，宛自天開”的藝術(shù)原則，那熔傳統(tǒng)建筑、文學(xué)、書畫、雕刻和工藝等藝術(shù)于一爐的綜合特性，在世界園林史上獨(dú)樹一幟，享有很高的地位。我國南方江南地區(qū)、廣東沿海地區(qū)和四川一帶的園林較富特色，于是便有了所謂江南園林、嶺南園林和蜀中園林的稱謂。而北京四周及山東、山西、陜西等地的園林風(fēng)格較為相像，便統(tǒng)稱之為北方園林。◆Exercise:I.Questions:1.ListfourgardeningelementsofChinesegardens.2.WhatareunusualnationalcharacteristicsofChinesegardenscomparedwithEuropeangardeningsystems?3.WhatdoesthesuccessorfailureinthecreationofChinesegardensdependon?4.WhatisthedifferencebetweenWesternlandscapegardeningtheoryandChineselandscapegardeningtheory?5.WhyaretheachievementsingardeningduringtheQingDynastyworthstillgreaterattention?II.Writtenwork假如有一批澳大利亞中學(xué)生在京旅游，住在北京飯店，請(qǐng)用英語為他們擬一個(gè)參觀頤和園（theSummerPalace）的口頭通知,內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)如下:(1)參觀時(shí)間:五月四日，星期三(2)頤和園簡(jiǎn)介:它是中國最大的保存最完好的皇家園林,風(fēng)景優(yōu)美,甚是迷人,有山有水,有皇家建筑和畫廊。(3)活動(dòng)安排:上午自由參觀,中午在快餐館吃午飯,下午5:30返回賓館。(4)集合時(shí)間:星期三早上6:10,汽車6:30出發(fā),行駛45分鐘到達(dá)。(5)集合地點(diǎn):賓館大門口。要求:只能用5個(gè)句子表達(dá)全部?jī)?nèi)容。AnnouncementMayIhaveyourattention?__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Thankyou.That’sall.Thankyou!2.(2009年全國Ⅱ卷)假定你是李華，你的美國朋友Sarah打算暑期來北京旅游，來信詢問改建后前門大街的情況。請(qǐng)你寫封回信，簡(jiǎn)單介紹以下內(nèi)容：1.

簡(jiǎn)況：長(zhǎng)800余米、600多年歷史、300余家商鋪；2.

位置：天安門廣場(chǎng)南面；3.

交通：公共汽車17、69、59等路，地鐵2號(hào)線；4.

特色：步行街、當(dāng)當(dāng)車、茶館、劇院等。參考詞匯：步行街pedestrianstreet；當(dāng)當(dāng)車trolleycar；地鐵subway注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；2.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。3.開頭語已為你寫好，請(qǐng)將完整的回信書寫在答題卡上。DearSarah,ThankyouforyourletteraskingabouttherebuiltQianmenStreet.Hereissomethingaboutit.

......Yours,

LiHuaLesson6ChinesePagodas中國寶塔Chinesepagodascomeincarioussizesandshapes----somelookliketowers,otherslikepavilions,stillotherslikepyramids.Somestandalone,whileotherswerebuiltinclusters.MostChinesepagodasareconnectedtotheBuddhisttraditioninChina.TheearliestwerebuiltinthefirstcenturyAD,whenBuddhismwasintroducedtoChinafromIndia.Somewerebuiltforfeudalrulerstocommunewiththeimmortalswhowerebelievedtoliveintheclouds.Othershousedreligiousartifactsandrelics.ThebestexampleoftheseBuddhistpagodasisperhapstheWildGoosePagodainXi'an,ShanxiProvince.Thisseven-story,64.1-meter-high,wood-and-brickstructurewasbuiltinthemid-seventhcenturytohouseBuddhistscripturesbroughtfromIndiabythemonk,XuanZang.ThefamousTangDynastypilgrimtravelerandscholarcollectedmorethan600volumesofscripturesandlatertranslatedthemintoChinese.TheWildGoosePagodaisanarchitecturalmasterpieceandremainsintactandingoodcondition,despite1,300yearsofweatheringandaverystrongearthquake.Atfirst,pagodaswerethecentralbuildingofatemple,aroundwhichthemonksprayed.Later,theywereplacedelsewhereonthetemplegrounds.Inrecentcenturies,somehavebeenbuiltsimplytoadornascenicspot,whileotherswereerectedtoservemorepracticalneeds.InNorthChina,forinstance,pagodaswerebuiltasmilitarywatch-towers.InSouthChina,seasideandriverbankpagodasaidednavigation.SailorsusedtoclimbtheGuangtaPagodaintheHuaishengTempleinGuangzhoutoobserveweatherconditionsbeforegoingtosea.TheLiuhePagodaontheQiantangRiverestuaryinHangshou,ZhejiangProvince,hasservedasalighthousefornavigationforcenturies.Chinesepagodasmaybesquare,polygonalorcircularwitheachstoryseparatedbyprojectingroofsoreaves.Atypicalpagodahasthreemainelements:theundergroundhall,theplatformandthebody.Theundergroundhallusuallyhousedsacredrelics,booksandpaintings.Theplatformmaybeasimplestructure,oritmaybeelaboratelydecorated.Theshaftorthemainpartofthepagodamaybeeithersolidorhollow.Aspiralstairwaysometimesleadsupthroughthiscentralshaft.ImagesoftheBuddhaareusuallycarvedontheoutsidewalls.Pagodas'roofsareoftencrownedwithornatecarvingsordecoratedwithjewels.Basedontheirstyleofconstruction,Chinesepagodasbelongtoseveralcategories.Theycanroughlybeclassifiedintofourcategories.Asmentionedearlier,ancientChinesepagodasmaystandaloneoringroups.ThelargestgroupofpagodasisthePagodaForestatthefamousShaolinTempleinHenanProvince.Thisgroupiscomposedof220brickandstonestructures.Anotherwell-knownexampleistheuniqueBamboo-shootPagodainYunnanProvince.Itconsistsofacentralpagodaintheshapeofalotusflower,surroundedbyeightsmallerones.Fromadistancethegroupsuggestsabamboothicket.(477words)◆Helper:Pagoda[p?'g?ud?]n.（尤指佛教的）寶塔pavilion[p?'vilj?n]n.樓閣,

館cluster['kl?st?]n.

群,

串immortal[i'm?:tl,

i'm?:t?l]n.不朽的人物,

神artifact['ɑ:rt?f?kt]人工制品intact[in't?kt]adj.

完好無缺的,

原封不動(dòng)的polygonal[p?'lig?n?l]adj.

多角形的,

多邊形的eave[i:v]n.

屋檐elaborately[i'l?b?r?tli,

i'l?b?ritli]adv.精巧地shaft[?ɑ:ft]n.豎井,桿狀物,軸ornate[?:'neit]adj.

裝飾的,

華麗的theWildGoosePagodainXi'an,ShanxiProvince山西西安的大雁塔theGuangtaPagodaintheHuaishengTempleinGuangzhou廣州懷圣寺塔◆ChineseBriefIntroduction:古印度埋葬佛祖釋迦牟尼火化后留下的舍利的一種佛教建筑,漢代時(shí)傳入中國與中國本土建筑相結(jié)合形成了中國的塔這種建筑形式。隨著佛教在東方的傳播，這種建筑形式也在東方廣泛擴(kuò)散，發(fā)展出了塔這種極具東方特色的傳統(tǒng)建筑形式。經(jīng)歷了唐宋元明清各朝的發(fā)展，并與臨近區(qū)域的建筑體系相互交流融合，逐步形成了樓閣式塔、密檐式塔、亭閣式塔、覆缽式塔、金剛寶座式塔、寶篋印式塔、五輪塔、多寶塔、無縫式塔等多種形態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)各異的塔系，建筑平面從早期的正方形逐漸演變成了六邊形、八邊形乃至圓形，其間塔的建筑技術(shù)也不斷進(jìn)步結(jié)構(gòu)日趨合理，所使用的材質(zhì)也從傳統(tǒng)的夯土、木材擴(kuò)展到了磚石、陶瓷、琉璃、金屬等材料。14世紀(jì)以后，塔逐漸從宗教世界走向世俗世界，因此按照經(jīng)律系統(tǒng)，塔可以分為佛塔和文峰塔。在東方文化中，塔的意義不僅僅局限于建筑學(xué)層面。塔承載了東方的歷史、宗教、美學(xué)、哲學(xué)等諸多文化元素，是探索和了解東方文明的重要媒介?！鬍xercise:Questions:1.Theunderlinedwordinthefirstparagraphmeans___________.2.WhenwasBuddhismintroducedtoChina?3.Whowasitthattranslatedmorethan600volumesBuddhistscripturesintoChinese?4.Whatelsecanpagodasbeusedforbesideshousingreligiousartifactsandrelics?5.WhereisherethelargestgroupofpagodasinChina?What’sitsname?SUGGESTEDANSWERS5.ChineseArchitecture---GardensII.Writtenwork1.Boysandgirls,MayIhaveyourattention,please?Ihaveanannouncementtomake.WewillvisittheSummerPalaceonWednesday,June2nd.TheSummerPalaceisthelargestwell-keptroyalparkinChina.Intheparkthereiswatera