2025年高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)語法：非謂語動詞知識講解素材

2025年高考英語語法非謂語動詞知識講解非謂語動詞包括動詞不定式、動名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞。一.動詞不定式1.形式①.一般式（not）todo主動形式（not）tobedone被動形式②.進行式（not）tobedoing③.完成式（not）tohavedone主動形式（not）tohavebeendone被動形式④.完成進行式（not）tohavebeendoing2.表示的意義①不定式的一般式todo，表示將要做的事或為了做某事，Shewantedtobeadoctorwhenshegrewup.Heaskedtobesenttoworkinthecountryside．Itispossibleforourhopestoberealized．②不定式的進行式tobedoing，表示正在做某事。SomestudentspretendedtobereadingEnglishwhentheteachercamein.Iamverygladtobeworkingwithyou．③不定式的完成式tohavedone表示事情已經(jīng)先做完,I’msorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.Heissaidtohaveleftthestagealreadyashehasbecomeanofficial.Tomwaspleasedtohavebeeninvitedtotheparty.④不定式完成進行式tohavebeendoing表示事情已經(jīng)做了，而且還在進行中，Heseemstohavebeenwaitinghereforaday.HewassaidtohavebeenlivinginBeijingfortwentyyears.據(jù)說他在北京一直住了20年。I'msorrytohavebeeninterruptingyou.二.動名詞1.形式①.一般式（not）doing主動形式（not）beingdone被動形式②.完成式（not）havingdone主動形式（not）havingbeendone被動形式2.表示的意義1）一般式：doinga.表示表示經(jīng)常性的或習(xí)慣性的事或與謂語動詞同時發(fā)生的動作Heoftenpracticesrunning.Iappreciatebeinggiventhisopportunity.IrememberedbeingtakentoParisasasmallchild.Hejustmissedbeingcaught.b.表示在謂語動詞之后發(fā)生的動作,但要加表將來的時間狀語Heisconsideringbuyingapianosoon.Iamthinkingofgoingtoseehertomorrow.c.表示在謂語動詞之前發(fā)生的動作，但要加表過去的時間狀語doing=havingdone更強調(diào)動詞的時間順序Iamsorryforkeeping\havingkeptyouwaiting.Theboywaspraisedforhavingsavedthebaby.2)動名詞的完成形式havingdone表示在謂語動詞之前的動作IregrettedhavingleftMontreal.Sheadmitshavingseenus.Idon’trememberhavingheardyousaythat.Don’tbeangrywithmefornothavingwrittentoyou.Iappreciatehavingbeengiventheopportunitytostudyabroadtwoyearsago.waiting.Theboywaspraisedforhavingsavedthebaby.三.現(xiàn)在分詞1.形式①.一般式（not）doing主動形式（not）beingdone被動形式②完成式（not）havingdone主動形式（not）havingbeendone被動形式2.表示的意義1）現(xiàn)在分詞一般式doing表示正在做某事或同時做的事：Whenwearrived,wefoundhimsleeping.Livinginthesuburbs,wehavefewvisitors.Beingsoill,shecan’tgotoschool.Nothavingacar,hefindsitdifficulttogetaround.Seeingnobodyathome,hedecidedtoleaveanote.Hewenthome,findingthedoorlocked.Thebridgebeingbuiltnowwillbecompletedinthreemonths.Beingsurroundedbythestudents,theteacherwasansweringquestionsonebyoneIsawhimbeingtakenawaybythepolice.2）現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式表示這個動作在謂語動作之前完成，作狀語Havingsucceededinthelastexamination，shewasmoreconfidentofanothersuccessinthecomingone.Havingbeenwritteninhaste,thebookhasmanymistakes.Havingbeengivensuchagoodchance,heplannedtoworkhard.Havingbeenexperimentedmanytimes,thisnewproductwillbeputintomassproduction.四.過去分詞1.形式1）一般式（not）done2）進行式（not）beingdone3）將來式（not）tobedone4）完成式（not）havingbeendone2.表示的意義表示完成,被動的意思。否定形式是在過去分詞前加上not或never構(gòu)成。五.獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)由名詞或代詞（主格）不定式、+分詞、形容詞、副詞、名詞、介詞短語等構(gòu)成，表示名詞或代詞的狀態(tài)、狀況或動作。在句中作狀語.名詞或代詞（主格）前+with就是with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu).Suchanablemantohelpyou，youwillsurelysucceedsoonerorlater.Wintercoming，itgetscolderandcolder．Hisparentshavingdied,theorphanis