2021-2022學(xué)年河南省商丘第一某中學(xué)高一（下）開學(xué)英語試卷（附答案詳解）

202L2022學(xué)年河南省商丘第一高級中學(xué)高一（下）開學(xué)

英語試卷

一、閱讀理解（本大題共15小題，共30.0分）

A

Whafsthebestbooktoreadwhenyoutravel?Ofcourse,itisthebookwiththebackgroundof

thestory.Bookswillbringyouclosertotheplacesyouvisit.Whenitcomestothenamesof

placesandscenicspots,youcan'thelpthinkingoutofyourmindandthesceneryinfrontofyou

willbecomeromantic.

■

Where'dYouGo,Bernadette

MariaSemple'snovel,whichhasrecentlybeenadapted

intoamovie,istoldinemails,andstories,itfollowsBeeWHERED

YOU/GO；

Branchtryingtotrackdownhermother.

BERNADETTE

SetinSeattle,Washington,thisfunnyyetheart-breaking

-一?

novelisagreatcompanionasyouvisitlandmarks

mentionedinthebook.

MidnightsChildren

Midnight'sChildrenisafantasticalnovelthattellssome

ofthehistoriesofIndia.,SALMAZ

nosHDfe

SalmanRushdie'sstorybeginsatmidnight,onthenight,of

India's,independence,whenthe1,001childrenbomthatMioMi<3wr

i?it;onEZ

hourarefoundtopossessmagicalpowers.Featuring

magicalrealism,thebookissetduring20th-centuryIndia.

AWildChild'sGuidetoEndangeredAnimals

FromNewYorkTimesbestsellingauthorMillie-Marotta

士JTTL■一二.二；

comesthisgreatcelebrationoftheanimalkingdom：a、「千?-切

Stressingthedifficultyof：43endangeredspeciesfrom

around：theworld,thebooktakesreadersonatripthrough

freshwater,oceans,forests,mountains,deserts,grasslands：E焉—“as

andwetlandswhilelearningaboutrareand

well-known.animalsandtheirlivingplaces.

MyNameisRed

Thebook,writtenbytheNobelPrizewinnerforLiterature

OrhanPamuk,hasbeentranslatedintomorethan50ORHAN

PAMUK

languagesandpublishedaroundtheworld.

Ittellsastoryofayoungman,whohasbeenawayfrom

homefor12years,comingbacktohishometownin

Istanbul.Thebook,paintingdetailedpicturesandtellingi

frommanyangles,encouragespeopletohaveadeeper

thinkingoflife.

第2頁，共23頁

1.Whichbooksuitspeopleinterestedinexploringnature?

A.Where'dYouGo,Bernadette.

B.MidnightsChildren.

C.AWildChild'sGuidetoEndangeredAnimals.

D.MyNameisRed.

2.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?

A.MyNameisRedisabout20th-centuryIndia.

B.AWildChild'sGuidetoEndangeredAnimalssellsbest.

C.Where'dYouGo,Bernadettewaswritteninaseriousstyle.

D.Midnight'sChildrenmayattractpeopleinterestedinfantasy.

3.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?

A.Tocomparefourbooks.

B.Torecommendfourbooks.

C.Toshowthemeaningoftravel.

D.toencouragepeopletotravel.

B

Sincebirth,!havewornatracheotomytube（氣切管）aroundmynecktohelpme

breathe.WhenIwasgrowingup,itwascommonforadultstotellmethatIshouldwearcolorful

scarvessothatotherpeoplewouldn'tseeit.Theywouldsay,"Youcan*teventellit'sthere,"asif

mydisabilityissomethingtobeashamedof.Asakid,Ineverreallythoughtaboutmydisability

thewayIdonow.ltwasjusthowIlivedmylife.

NowI'm26yearsold,andFmproudtocallmyselfadisabledwomanbecauseIconsidermy

disabilitytobeapartofwhoIam.Itravelaroundtheworldtosharemystoryasadisabled

reporterandtrainotherreportersonhowtocoverdisabilityproblems.Istillrememberthefirst

timegaveauniversitylecturetoagroupofstudents.IrealizedthatIcouldhelpcreatesafe

spaces.Wheredisabledpeoplecanbethemselvesandfeelfreetotelltheirownstories.

Unfortunately,beingdisabledisstillviewedassomethingthatismeanttobeovercome.Butfor

somanyofus,thisishowwelive.Thisiswhoweare.IamalwaysmovedbythepeopleI'vemet

inthedisabilitycommunity：educators,historians,writers,lawyersandmanymorebecausewe

sharethesamedreamandthesameneedfbramentally-safeworld.

4.Whydidthewriterwearaspecialtubewhenshewasachild?

A.Itcouldhelpherbreathenormally.

B.Itwasaspecialfashionatthattime.

C.Shewantedtolookdifferentfromothers.

D.Aphotographyeditoraskedhertodoit.

5.Whydidtheadultsaskthewritertowearcolorfulscarves?

A.Tokeepwarm.B.Toprotectherneck.

C.Tolookbeautiful.D.Tocoverherspecialtube.

6.Whatdoesthewriterthinkofbeingdisabled?

A.ShamefulB.Pitiful.C.Normal.D.Abnormal.

7.Whichisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.HowIBecameDisabled

B.HowIBecameProudofBeingDisabled

C.HowtoGetAlongwithaDisabledperson

D.HowtoEditPhotographsofDisabledPeople

c

MetinSittiattheMaxPlanckInstituteforIntelligentSystemsinStuttgart,Germany,andhis

colleagueshavedevelopedtinyrobotscalled"microrollers"thatcancarrycancerdrugsand

selectivelytargethumanbreastcancercells.Theteamdrewinspirationforthedesignofthe

robotsfromwhitebloodcellsinthehumanbody,whichcanmovealongthewallsofblood

vessels（血管）againstthedirectionofbloodflow.

Themicrorollersareroundandmadefromglassmicroparticles.Onehalfoftherobotwas

coatedwithathinmagneticnanofilm（磁性納米膜）madefromnickelandgold.Theotherhalf

wascoatedwiththecancerdrugaswellasmoleculesthatrecognizecancercells.

Theteamtestedtherobotsusingmousebloodandartificialchannelslinedwithhuman

endothelialcells-thekindofcellsthatlinetheinnerwallsofourbloodvessels.Therobotswere

exposedtoamixtureofcancerousandhealthytissue（組織）.Themicrorollersselectively

attachedtothecancercellsandwereactivatedusingUVlighttoreleasethecancerdrug.

Byapplyingmagneticfields,theteamwasabletocontrolthemovementofthe

microrollers,bothwithandagainsttheflowofblood.Themicrorollerscanreachaspeedofup

to600micrometerspersecond.nIfyoucometoaspotwhereyouneedtotaketherightpathand

ifmissit,thenyoucouldgobackandgototherightone/'saysSetti.

Infuture,theresearcherswanttouseothermethodstostartthedrugrelease,suchasheat.They

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alsoplantotrymakingmicrorollersoutofmaterialsthatwouldbreakdowninthebodyovera

fewweeksormonths.

Theteamhopestotestthemicrorollersinanimalssoon.'Therollersneedtocarryenough

cancerdrugs,whichiswhyweneedtohavetheminlargenumbers,'*saysSetti."Butsincewe

canlocallytakedrugstotherighttarget,wedon*tneedhugedosages（齊！J量）

8.Whatcanthemicrorollersbeusedfor?

A.Repairingbloodcells.B.Deliveringdrugs.

C.Improvingbloodflow.D.Performingoperations.

9.WhatdoesParagraph2mainlytellusaboutthemicrorollers?

A.Theirshape.B.Theiradvantage.

C.Theirdesign.D.Theirapplication.

10.WhatcanwelearnabouttherobotsfromParagraph4?

A.Theirdirectioncanbeadjusted.

B.Theymightmissthetargetcells.

C.Theymightgetstuckintheblood.

D.Theirspeedcanchangeautomatically.

11.Whatwillthescientistsprobablydonext?

A.Putthemicrorollerstoclinicaluse.

B.Sellthemicrorollersinlargequantities.

C.Tearthemicrorollersdowninthebody.

D.Experimentwiththemicrorollersfurther.

D

We'refrequentlytoldthatourattentionproblem-beingeasilydistracted（分心、）-resultsfrom

moderntechnology.Ifwetrulywanttofocus,accordingtothepopularbelief,weneedtoturnoff

allourdigitaldevicesandquitsocialmedia.

Here'smyopinionaboutthatidea.Thisera（時(shí)代）isnodifferentthananyother-therehas

alwaysbeena"crisisofattention".Thinkaboutlifelongago：peopleinancientIndiaorEurope

didn'thavesmartphonesandsocialmedia,buttheywerefacedwiththesameproblem.

Acrisisofattentioncanhappenanytimeyoudon'tallowyourselfabreak-whenyoudon'tallow

yourmindtodaydream,whichmayinspireyourcreativity.Wearealwaysengagedin

something.Withthesedigitaltoolsatourfingertips,wehaveconstantaccesstoalltheseforms

ofcommunication,content,andinteraction,andwedon'tletourthoughtswander(漫游)

freely.Whenwasthelasttimeyoustoodinlineatastoreandjustlookedaround?Thought

aboutwhatevercametoyourmind?Ordidyoupulloutyourphone,checkyourtexts,readyour

emailduringthattime?

Wealldoit.Wecatchourselvesallthetimegoingfromonetypeofmentalengagementtothe

next.Likesurfingonline(clickingfromlinktolink),wegofromonetasktothenextandthe

next.Weare"alltaskandnodowntime1'.Evensomethingyoumightthinkofasrelaxingismore

engagement.Checkingyourphonemessagesmayseem"fun",butit'sjustanothertaskforyour

attention.Yourattentionisfocusedontaskaftertaskaftertask,withoutamomentforthemind

towanderfreely.

Ifsnotalwaysrealistictounplug.Wecanrtjustturnoffourphonesandpauseouremail.We

can'tcreateadistraction-freeworld.Theproblemisnottheexistence(存在)ofmodem

technology；rather,itfshowwe'reusingit.

12.WhydoestheauthormentionpeopleinancientIndia?

A.Toargueagainstthepopularbelief.

B.Todiscussthebenefitsoftechnology.

C.Tosuggestasolutiontotheattentionproblem.

D.Toshowtheseriousnessoftheattentionproblem.

13.Whichisanexampleof"downtime"accordingtotheauthor?

A.Chattingwithfriends.B.Readinganewspaper.

C.Sittingbackdoingnothing.D.Checkingphonemessage.

14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword''unplug"meaninthelastparagraph?

A.Worklonghours.B.Improvetechnology.

C.Stopusingdigitaldevices.D.Balancework,andleisure.

15.Whichsectionofawebsiteisthetextmostlikelyfrom?

A.Culture.B.Fashion.C.History.D.Opinion.

二、閱讀七選五(本大題共5小題，共10.0分)

CaptureSpiritofYouthYouthisarelativelybriefbutvitalperiodinone*slife.Duringhis

time,habitsandintereststhatwillcontinuefortherestofyourlifeareformedanddevelop.(1)

It'satimetobegintheprocessofself-relianceandself-motivation.Sure,youmighthaveparents

andfriendstohelpyou.(2)Itbuildsyourcharacterandmakesyouindependent.Noonecan

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forgeyou,togetgoodgradesorgetaperfectjob-thoseresponsibilitiesareyours

alone.Only,youcanbetheauthorofyourownlife.

(3)Trainyourselftobestrong.Tellyourselfthatyoucansummon(鼓起)thewilltoovercome

whateverdifficultiescomeyourway.Anythingworthdoingisn'teasy-it*sbesttolearnthat

lessonearly.Intheend,conqueringadifficulttaskisalwaysworthit,andyoucanthank

perseveranceforguidingyouthere.

Workhard.There'snothingbetterthan-relaxingattheendofalongday,knowingthatyoudid

allyoucoulddoforyourself,yourfamilyandfriends,andyourcommunity.Beapersonthat

othersadmire.(4)Theprocessofworkinghardwillteachyouvaluablelessonsalongtheway；

mostimportantly,itwillteachyouthatfailureisunavoidablebutisn'tsomethingyoushould

everallowtoholdyouback.Changeyourstrategyandtryagain.

Followingtheseprincipleswillsurelybringsuccessinschool,workandlifeingeneral.(5)Be

self-reliant,perseverethroughhardtimesandalwaysworkhardtoachieveyourdreams.

A.Learnfromfailures.

B.Butyoumustrelyonyourself.

C.Whentimesgettough,holdon.

D.Soifsimportanttogetofftoagoodstart.

E.Dotheworkthatotherswon'tandnevercomplain.

F.Andyoucanturntoyourparentsandfriendsforhelp.

G.Listentothespiritofyouthinsideyouandfollowyourinstincts.

16.A.AB.Bc.cD.DE.

EF.FG.G

17.A.AB.Bc.cD.DE.

EF.FG.G

18.A.AB.Bc.cD.DE.

EF.FG.G

19.A.AB.Bc.cD.DE.

EF.FG.G

20.A.AB.Bc.cD.DE.

EF.FG.G

三、完形填空(本大題共20小題，共30.0分)

Iwasreallynervousthisyear,becauseIwasinanewclass.It(21)methatIdidn'tknowanyone

intheclass.But(22)Ididn'tknowanyone,!hadthe(23)todosomethingIlove-peoplewatching.

Thegirlsittingbehindmewasalwayslaughingandtalkinghappily.Shewasoneofthevery

fewpeoplewhomadeany(24)toacknowledgeme.

Attheendoftheyear,wewere(25)todoabigopen-endedprojectwherethe(26)werebasically

toreadsomething,thenwatchsomethingrelatedtoit,andthen(27)apresentationbasedonwhat

welearned.

Onthepresentationday,thatgirl(28)infrontoftheclass,andtoldeveryonehowshehadread

abouteatingdisorders,becausesheherselfhad(29)withone.Asitwastoodifficultforhertotalk

aboutit(30),shehadmadeamovie,whereshehad(31)somepeopleabouttheireatingdisorders

andhowtheyhadfeltand(32)themeventually.Afterthepresentation,almost(33)wasin

tears.Severalpeoplecommentedonhow(34)shewastostandupandtalkaboutit,andhow

strongshewastohavegotoverthedisorder.

Inever(35)shewould,haveaproblemlikethatbecauseshealwaysseemed(36).Hercourageto

talkabout,somethingso(37)inpublicandherstrengthtogetthroughherdifficulties

have(38)me.rvealsolearnedhowdifficultitisto(39)people.Youneverknowwhattypeof

personsomeoneisjustby(40)foraterm.

21.A.pleasedB.confusedC.interestedD.frightened

22.A.ifB.sinceC.beforeD.unless

23.A.honorB.rightC.chanceD.duty

24.A.discoveryB.progressC.remarkD.attempt

25.A.requiredB.forcedC.allowedD.reminded

26.A.instructionsB.purposesC.limitationsD.references

27.A.tryoutforB.comeupwith

C.makeuseofD.lookforwardto

28.A.turnedawayB.lookeddownC.gotupD.cameback

29.A.stayedB.begunC.struggledD.mixed

30.A.directlyB.quicklyC.optionallyD.seriously

31.A.informedB.interviewedC.supportedD.consulted

32.A.ignoredB.overcomeC.improvedD.developed

33.A.somebodyB.anybodyC.everybodyD.nobody

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34.A.reliableB.generousC.patientD.brave

35.A.expectedB.admittedC.doubtedD.concluded

36.A.cheerfulB.honestC.curiousD.independent

37.A.specificB.professionalC.complexD.personal

38.A.comfortedB.inspiredC.persuadedD.relaxed

39.A.amuseB.impressC.judgeD.satisfy

40.A.thinkingB.listeningC.observingD.communicating

四、語法填空(本大題共1小題，共15.0分)

41.ChinaandtheUnitedArabEmirates(UAE)sent(1)(they)firstspacecraft

toMarsthisweek.AChinesespacecraftwentintoorbit(軌道)aroundMarson

Wednesday.ItfollowedaUAE'sspacecraftthat(2)(successful)enteredorbit

onTuesday.China*sTianwen-1spacecraftspentsevenmonthsonthetriptoMars(3)

travelednearly475millionkilometers.Tianwen,thenameof(4)ancient

poem,means“QuestforHeavenlyTruth".TheUAE*sspacecraftiscalledAmal.Amalis

theArabicwordforHope.

ThetripstoMarscomeatatimewhenbothcountrieshavemadequickprogressinspace

programs.China'sspaceprogrambroughtmoonrocksbacktoEarthinDecember.Thatis

thefirsttimethataspacecraft(5)(return)toEarthwithmoonrockssincethe

1970s.Chinawasalsothefirstcountrytomanage(6)(land)aspacecrafton

thelittle-exploredfarsideofthemoonin2019.

China'sspacecraftwillsendavehicle,calledarover,tolandontheMariansurface.The

goalistosearchfor(7)(sign)oflifeintheareanamedUtopiaPlanitia,(8)

theU.S.Viking2landerlandedin1976.AlongwithTianwen-1,Amalwilljoin

sixotherspacecraftalready(9)(operate)aroundMars.Amongthem,three

(10)(be)fromtheUnitedStates.

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

（7）

（8）

（9）

（10）

五、短文改錯(cuò)（本大題共1小題，共10.0分）

42.假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文.文

中共有10處語言錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處.錯(cuò)誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或

修改.

增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號（A）,并在其下面寫出該加的詞.

刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（\）劃掉.

修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞.

注意：1.每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞；

2.只允許修改10處，多者（從第11處起）不計(jì)分.

Measuringat8.0Ms,aterribleearthquakestrikesWenchuanonMay12,2008.

Agreatnumberofhousesandbuildingswasdestroyed,leftasmanyas10,000,000

peoplehomeless.Thatshockeduswasthatalmosteverythingwasinruins.Fortunate

,thegovernmenttookstepsimmediately.Nowafteradecade,withpeoplewhoco

mefromallfieldsgivingahelpfulhand,anewcityappearsinthefrontofusbutitloo

kslikeabeautifulgarden.Inmyopinion,withoutthesupportofourmotherland,th

esurvivorcouldnotleadsuchacomfortlifeasitisnow.IamproudthatIlivesogreat

acountry.

六、書面表達(dá)（本大題共1小題，共25.0分）

43.假設(shè)你是紅星中學(xué)高一學(xué)生李華，你的英國筆友Jack在給你的郵件中提到他在搜

集一些關(guān)于成功人士的相關(guān)資料，并請你給他介紹一個(gè)你最喜歡的成功人士，內(nèi)容

包括：

L該人物是誰；

2.該人物成功的重要原因和主要貢獻(xiàn)；

3.該人物對你的影響。

注意：

1.詞數(shù)100左右；

第10頁，共23頁

2.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。

DearJack,

Yours,

LiHua

答案和解析

1~3.【答案】C、D、B

【解析】（1）C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)AWildChild'sGuidetoEndangeredAnimals部分中

的“Stressingthedifficultyof43endangeredspeciesfromaroundtheworld,thebooktakes

readersonatripthroughfreshwater,oceans,forests,mountains,deserts,grasslandsandwetlands

whilelearningaboutrareandwell-knownanimalsandtheirlivingplaces.（這本書強(qiáng)調(diào)來自

世界各地的43個(gè)瀕危物種的困難，帶領(lǐng)讀者穿越淡水、海洋、森林、高山、沙漠、草

原和濕地，同時(shí)了解稀有和著名的動(dòng)物及其生活的地方）”可知，AWildChild'sGuideto

EndangeredAnimals適合對探索自然感興趣的人。故選Co

（2）D.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Midnight'sChildren部分中的"Midnight'sChildrenisafantastical

novelthattellssomeofthehistoriesofIndia.（Midnight'sChildren是一部講述印度歷史的

幻想小說）”可知,Midnight'sChildren是一部幻想小說。由此可知,Midnight'sChildren

能吸引那些對幻像作品感興趣的人。故選D。

（3）B.目的意圖題。根據(jù)第一What'sthebestbooktoreadwhenyoutravel?Ofcourse,it

isthebookwiththebackgroundofthestory.Bookswillbringyouclosertotheplacesyou

visit.Whenitcomestothenamesofplacesandscenicspots,youcan'thelpthinkingoutofyour

mindandthesceneryinfrontofyouwillbecomeromantic.（你旅行時(shí)最喜歡讀的書是什么？

當(dāng)然，是一本有故事背景的書。書會(huì)讓你離你去過的地方更近。說到地名和風(fēng)景名勝，

你會(huì)情不自禁地胡思亂想，眼前的景色會(huì)變得浪漫起來）”可知，文章主要向讀者推薦

了旅游時(shí)適合讀的幾本書，所以文章的目的是向讀者推薦這四本書。故選B。

這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要向讀者推薦了旅游時(shí)適合讀的幾本書。

做這類題材閱讀理解時(shí)要求考生對文章通讀一遍，做題時(shí)結(jié)合原文和題目有針對性的找

出相關(guān)語句進(jìn)行仔細(xì)分析，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)選出正確答案。切忌胡亂猜測，一定要做到有理有

據(jù)。

4?7.【答案】A、D、C、B

【解析】（1）A.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一?nSincebirth,Ihavewornatracheotomytube（氣

切管）aroundmynecktohelpmebreathe.（自出生以來，我脖子上就戴著氣切管幫助我

呼吸。）”可知，作者戴著特殊的氣切管來幫助呼吸，使呼吸正常。故選A項(xiàng)。

第12頁，共23頁

（2）D.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段"itwascommonforadultstotellmethat1shouldwear

colorfulscarves（圍巾）sothatotherpeoplewouldn'tseeit.（大人們經(jīng)常告訴我，我應(yīng)

該戴上彩色的圍巾，這樣其他人就不會(huì)看到我的氣切管了。）"可知，大人叫她戴彩色

的圍巾來遮她脖子上的氣切管。故選D項(xiàng)。

（3）C.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段"NowI'm26yearsold,andI'mproudtocallmyselfa

disabledwomanbecauseIconsidermydisabilitytobeapartofwhoIam.（現(xiàn)在我26歲了，

我很自豪地稱自己是一名殘疾女性，因?yàn)槲艺J(rèn)為我的殘疾是我的一部分。）"可知，作

為殘疾人，作者認(rèn)為殘疾是自己的一部分，是平常的（normal）事情，并不覺得不妥。

A.Shameful可恥的；B.Pitiful遺憾的；C.Normal平常的;D.Abnormal異常的。故選C

項(xiàng)。

（4）B.標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文，本文介紹了作者由于疾病從小就隨身佩戴著一根特殊

的管子來幫助自己呼吸，雖然有著諸多不便，且人們以異樣的目光看待她，但她從不以

殘疾為恥，反而用自己的經(jīng)歷激勵(lì)著別人，再結(jié)合第二段"NowI'm26yearsold,andI'm

proudtocallmyselfadisabledwomanbecauseIconsidermydisabilitytobeapartofwhoIam.

（現(xiàn)在我26歲了，我很自豪地稱自己是一名殘疾女性，因?yàn)槲艺J(rèn)為我的殘疾是我的一

部分。）”可知，作身殘志堅(jiān)，不以殘疾為恥，反而為自己感到自豪，B項(xiàng)"HowIBecame

ProudofBeingDisabled.（我是如何為自己的殘疾感到自豪的）"是佳標(biāo)題。故選B項(xiàng)。

本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者由于疾病從小就隨身佩戴著一根特殊的管子來幫助

自己呼吸，人們以異樣的目光看待她，但她從不以殘疾為恥，反而用自己的經(jīng)歷激勵(lì)著

別人。

做這類題材閱讀理解時(shí)要求考生對文章通讀一遍，做題時(shí)結(jié)合原文和題目有針對性的找

出相關(guān)語句進(jìn)行仔細(xì)分析，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)選出正確答案。推理判斷題也是要在抓住關(guān)鍵句子

的基礎(chǔ)上合理的分析才能得出正確答案，切忌胡亂猜測，一定要做到有理有據(jù)。

8~11.【答案】B、C、A、D

【解析】（1）B.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段"MetinSittiattheMaxPlanckInstituteforIntelligent

SystemsinStuttgart,Germany,andhiscolleagueshavedevelopedtinyrobots"microroller"that

cancarrycancerdrugsandselectivelytargethumanbreastcancercells."（德國斯圖力口特馬克

斯?普朗克智能系統(tǒng)研究所的梅廷?西蒂和他的同事已經(jīng)開發(fā)出微型機(jī)器人"microroller”,

可以攜帶抗癌藥物并選擇性地靶向人類乳腺癌細(xì)胞。）可知，這種微型機(jī)器人可以運(yùn)送

抗癌藥物，并有選擇地針對人類乳腺癌細(xì)胞。故選B項(xiàng)。

（2）C.段落大意題。第二段"Themicrorollersareroundandmadefromglass

microparticles.OnehalfoftherobotwascoatedwithaIhinmagneticnanofilmmadefrom

nickelandgold.Theotherhalfwascoatedwiththecancerdrugdoxorubicinaswellas

moleculesthatrecognizecancercells."（microroller是圓形的，由玻璃微粒制成。機(jī)器人

的一半表面覆蓋著一層由銀和金制成的磁性納米薄膜。另一半涂有抗癌藥物阿霉素以及

識(shí)別癌細(xì)胞的分子。）可知，第二段主要介紹了這種微型機(jī)器人的形狀，構(gòu)成材料等，

即小型機(jī)器人"microroller”的設(shè)計(jì)。故選C項(xiàng)。

（3）A.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段"Byapplyingmagneticfields,theteamwasabletocontrol

themovementofthemicrorollers,bothwithandagainsttheflowofblood."（通過施加磁場，

該團(tuán)隊(duì)能夠控制microroller的運(yùn)動(dòng)，包括在順著和逆著血液流動(dòng)的情況下。）可知，通

過應(yīng)用磁場，研究小組能夠控制這種機(jī)器人的運(yùn)動(dòng)，無論是順著血液流動(dòng)的方向還是逆

著血液流動(dòng)的方向。即它的運(yùn)動(dòng)方向是可以調(diào)整的。故選A項(xiàng)。

（4）D.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句"Theteamhopestotestthemicrorollersinanimals

soon."Therollersneedtocarryenoughcancerdrugs,whichiswhyweneedtohavethemin

largenumbers,"saysSetti.（該團(tuán)隊(duì)希望很快在動(dòng)物身上測試microroller。Setti說："微型

機(jī)器人需要攜帶足夠的藥，這就是我們需要大量使用它們的原因。"）推知，科學(xué)家要

對這種機(jī)器人進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步的實(shí)驗(yàn)。故選D項(xiàng)。

這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了德國開發(fā)的小型機(jī)器人--microroller,它能夠運(yùn)送抗癌

藥物，并有選擇性地針對人類的乳腺癌細(xì)胞。

做這類題材閱讀理解時(shí)要求考生對文章通讀一遍，做題時(shí)結(jié)合原文和題目有針對性的找

出相關(guān)語句進(jìn)行仔細(xì)分析，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)選出正確答案。推理判斷題也是要在抓住關(guān)鍵句子

的基礎(chǔ)上合理的分析才能得出正確答案，切忌胡亂猜測，一定要做到有理有據(jù)。

12~15.【答案】A、C、C、D

（解析】（1）A.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段We'refrequentlytoldthatourattention

problem-beingeasilydistracted-resultfrommoderntechnology.我們經(jīng)常被告知，我們的注

意力問題--容易分心--是現(xiàn)代技術(shù)造成的；Thiseraisnodifferentthananyother-therehas

alwaysbeena"crisisofattention".Thinkaboutlifelongago：peopleinancientIndiaorEurope

didn'thavesmartphonesandsocialmedia,buttheywerefacedwiththesameproblem.這個(gè)時(shí)

代與其它任何時(shí)代都沒有什么不同-總是存在"注意力危機(jī)”。想想很久以前的生活：古

印度或歐洲的人們沒有智能手機(jī)和社交媒體，但他們面臨著同樣的問題?？芍?，作者提

第14頁，共23頁

及古印度人是為了反對目前流行的一種看法-是現(xiàn)代技術(shù)導(dǎo)致了我們的專注力問題。故

選A,

(2)C.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段Wecatchourselvesallthetimegoingfromonetypeof

mentalengagementtothenext.Likesurfingonline(clickingfromlinktolink),wegofrom

onetasktothenextandthenext.Weare"alltaskandnodowntime".我們總是發(fā)現(xiàn)自己從一

種類型的精神投入到另一種。就像網(wǎng)上沖浪(從一個(gè)鏈接到另一個(gè)鏈接)一樣，我們從

一個(gè)任務(wù)到下一個(gè)任務(wù)。我們"全是任務(wù)，沒有停機(jī)時(shí)間"；Yourattentionisfocusedontask

aftertaskaftertask,withoutamomenlforthemindtowanderfreely.你的注意力集中在一項(xiàng)

又一項(xiàng)任務(wù)上，沒有一刻讓你的思想自由地漫游。可知，作者認(rèn)為的“停機(jī)時(shí)間"指的是

我們放下一切，讓思想自由漫游的時(shí)間。因此，無所事事地坐著是一個(gè)“停機(jī)時(shí)間”的例

子，故選C。

(3)C.詞義猜測題。根據(jù)最后一段notalwaysrealistic.并不總是現(xiàn)實(shí)的；Wecan'tjustturn

offourphonesandpauseouremail.Wecan'tcreateadistraction-freeworld.我們不能關(guān)掉手

機(jī)，暫停收發(fā)郵件。我們不能創(chuàng)造一個(gè)沒有干擾的世界?？芍?，unplug表示“停止使用

電子設(shè)備"。A.Worklonghours長時(shí)間工作；B.Improvetechnology提高技術(shù)；C.Stop

usingdigitaldevices停止使用電子設(shè)備；D.Balanceworkandleisure平衡工

作和休閑。故選C。

(4)D.文章類型題。根據(jù)第二段Here'smyopinionaboutthatidea.Thiseraisnodifferent

thananyother-therehasalwaysbeena"crisisofattention".以下是我對這個(gè)想法的看法。這

個(gè)時(shí)代與其它任何時(shí)代都沒有什么不同-總是存在”注意力危機(jī)”。及文章最后一段The

problemisnottheexistenceofmoderntechnology；rather,it'showwe'reusingit.問題不在于

現(xiàn)代技術(shù)的存在；而是我們?nèi)绾问褂盟?。可知，本文為一篇議論文，作者在文中發(fā)表了

自己的觀點(diǎn)，因此本文來自網(wǎng)站的"觀點(diǎn)"版塊。A.Culture文化；B.Fashion時(shí)尚；C.History

歷史；D.Opinion觀點(diǎn)。故選D。

本文是一篇日常生活類閱讀，作者認(rèn)為，注意力危機(jī)在任何時(shí)代都是存在的，不能歸咎

于現(xiàn)代技術(shù)的發(fā)展，問題的關(guān)鍵在于我們應(yīng)該如何使用現(xiàn)代科技。

做這類題材閱讀理解時(shí)要求考生對文章通讀一遍，做題時(shí)結(jié)合原文和題目有針對性的找

出相關(guān)語句進(jìn)行仔細(xì)分析，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)選出正確答案。

16~20.【答案】D、B、C、E、G

【解析】（1）D.聯(lián)系上文題?？涨耙痪?Duringhistime,habitsandintereststhatwillcontinue

fortherestofyourlifeareformedanddeveloped.（在這段時(shí)間里，會(huì)形成和發(fā)展將持續(xù)

到你的余生的習(xí)慣和興趣。）”表示青春時(shí)期的重要性，下文描述如何很好地利用青春

時(shí)期。D選項(xiàng)"Soit*simportanttogetofftoagoodstar.（所以有個(gè)好的開始是很重要的）

”總起下文，符合語境。故選D項(xiàng)。

（2）B.邏輯推理題?？涨?It'satimetobegintheprocessofselfrelianceand

self-motivation.Sure,youmighthaveparentsandfriendstohelpyou.（這是一個(gè)自力更生和

自我激勵(lì)的過程。當(dāng)然，你可能會(huì)有父母和朋友幫助你）”表示父母和朋友在這段時(shí)間

的幫助，空后”Itbuildsyourcharacterandmakesyouindependent.（它塑造了你的性格，

讓你變得獨(dú)立）"中It指代前一句內(nèi)容；B選項(xiàng)"Butyoumustrelyonyourself.（但你必

須依靠你自己。）”與上一句內(nèi)容對應(yīng)，且與下一句It指代內(nèi)容相符。故選B項(xiàng)。

（3）C.標(biāo)題歸納題?？仗帪楸径沃髦季?。空后"TrainTrainyourselftobestrong.Tellyourself

thatyoucansummonthewilltoovercomewhateverdifficultiescomeyourway.

（訓(xùn)練自己變得強(qiáng)壯。告訴自己，無論遇到什么困難，你都可以鼓起勇氣克服。）”可

知，本段描述應(yīng)努力克服困難。因此C選項(xiàng)“Whentimesgettough,holdon.（當(dāng)形勢變

得艱難時(shí)，堅(jiān)持住。）”描述遇到困難要堅(jiān)持，引起下文，符合此段主旨。故選C項(xiàng)。.

（4）E.邏輯推理題。由下文中的“Theprocessofworkinghard"可知，本段描述

應(yīng)努力學(xué)習(xí)工作。E