高中英語語法分專題全面復習第十六講 特殊句式講解與練習

倒裝句英語句子的自然語序是主語在前，謂語動詞在后。把謂語動詞放在主語之前，就叫倒裝結構。如果全部謂語放在主語之前，叫全部倒裝；只把助動詞或情態(tài)動詞放在主語之前就叫部分倒裝。一、完全倒裝

1．時間狀語now，then等，地點狀語here，there,out，in，up，down，away等副詞位于句首①Here

comes

the

bus.②There

goes

the

bell.③Now

comes

your

turn.

④Out

went

the

children.

當代詞作主語時，主謂語序不變。例如：⑤Here

it

is.

在這兒。⑥Here

he

comes.

他來了。

2．當句首狀語為表示時間或地點的介詞詞組時，也常常引起全部倒裝

①在城市南部坐落著一家鋼鐵工廠。South

of

the

city

lies

a

big

steel

factory.

②從山谷里傳來了一陣可怕的聲音。From

the

valley

came

a

frightening

sound.

3．表語置于句首時，倒裝結構為“表語+連系動詞+主語”

1）形容詞+連系動詞+主語

出席會議的有懷特教授，史密斯教授，格林教授及其他嘉賓。Present

at

the

meeting

were

Professor

White,

Professor

Smith,

Professor

Greenand

many

other

guests2）過去分詞+連系動詞+主語

他們可以隨心所欲的日子過去了。Gone

are

the

days

when

they

would

do

what

they

liked.

二、部分倒裝

1．If引導的條件狀語從句謂語動詞為were,had或should時，可省去if，把那三個詞挪至句首。

Had

you

reviewed

your

lessons,

you

might

have

passed

the

examination.

Werethereenoughhands,weshouldgoonwiththeproject.ShouldIbefreetomorrow,Iwillcometotheparty.3．用于“形容詞（或名詞、動詞）+as（though）引導的讓步狀語從句中”

①Pretty

as

she

is,

she

is

not

clever.

②Try

as

he

could,

he

might

fall

again.

如果從句的表語是名詞，其名詞前不加任何冠詞。

①盡管他還是個孩子，他不得不去謀生。Child

as

he

was,

he

had

to

make

a

living.

用于否定詞never,

hardly,

seldom,

scarcely,

barely,

little,

often,

at

no

time,

at

no

time,

not

only+部分倒裝butalso+不倒裝,

not

once，no

sooner+部分倒裝…

than+不倒裝…，hardly+部分倒裝…

when+不倒裝和not

until開頭的句型中

①我再也不做這個了。Never

shall

I

do

this

again.

②他幾乎不了解這個女人是誰。Little

did

he

know

who

the

woman

was.

③直到老師開始上課他才寫完作業(yè)。Not

until

the

teacher

came

did

he

finish

his

homework.

④他剛邁出家門電話鈴就響了。Nosoonerhadhesteppedoutofthehousethanthephonerang.⑤我剛到她們就要走了。HardlyhadIarrivedwhentheyhadtoleave.

5．用于only開頭的句子（only后面跟副詞、介詞短語或狀語從句）。

①只有以這種方式我們才能取得進步。Only

in

this

way

can

wemakeprogress.

只有當他告訴我的時候我才意識到他陷入到了什么樣的麻煩中。Only

when

he

told

me

did

I

realize

what

trouble

he

was

in.

6.用于so，nor，neither開頭的句子，表示重復前句部分內(nèi)容，原句的謂語應與前句謂語的時態(tài)、形式相一致.若表示強調前句內(nèi)容，則不倒裝。

①He

has

been

to

beijing.

So

have

I.

②Li

Wei

can't

answer

the

question.

Neither

can

I.LiLeifailedtheexam,sohedid.④Lucylikespaintings,soshedoes.7.用于某些表示祝愿的句子。祝你成功！May

you

succeed!

強調句一、強調句的基本結構及用法：強調句常用來突出說話人要強調的語言信息，給對方以強烈的印象和感受。譯成漢語時，常加上“正是…”等字眼。其基本結構是：It+be的適當形式+被強調成分+that(who)+其他成分Heboughtthebookinthisshopyesterday.→Itwashethatboughtthebookinthisshopyesterday.(強調主語he)→Itwasthebookthatheboughtinthisshopyesterday.(強調賓語thebook)→Itwasinthisshopthatheboughtthebookyesterday.(強調地點狀語inthisshop)【注意】在該強調結構中，It無任何意義但不可以換成this或者that等。Itis(was)…that(who)…為結構詞，假如去掉，剩下部分在語法結構和句子含義上均完整，這一點正是它和定語從句等的本質區(qū)別。關于that與who：當被強調部分指人時，可以用who（被強調部分的人作主語或賓語時）或者whom（被強調部分的人作賓語時)代替that；當被強調部分指物時通常用that；當被強調部分既包括人又包括物，用that不用whoItwasthethingsandpeoplethattheyrememberedthattheyweretalkingabout．當被強調部分是代詞時，用who不用that。當強調時間或地點或原因狀語時，不能用when/where/why代that(尤其是當這些狀語為介詞短語時)。在強調結構中，無論被強調的是人還是物，單數(shù)還是復數(shù)，be動詞一律用單數(shù)is/was形式。感嘆句感嘆句通常有what,how引導，表示贊美、驚嘆、喜悅、等感情●句型Ⅰ：What+a/an+形容詞+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+主語+謂語。Thelittleboycameridingfullspeeddownthemotorwayonhisbicycle._______itwas!

AWhatadangerousscene

B.Whatdangerousascene

C.Howadangerousscene

D.Howdangerousthescene.●句型Ⅱ：What+形容詞+復數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+主語+謂語。2._____bigfish!Whendidyougetthem?

A.What

B.Whata

C.How

C.Howa●句型Ⅲ：What+形容詞+不可數(shù)名詞+主語+謂語。3._____terribleweatherwe’vebeenhavingthesedays!

A.Howa

B.Whata

C.How

D.What●句型Ⅳ：How+形容詞+a/an+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+主語+謂語。4._______pictureitis!A.Howwonderfula

B.Whatwonderful

C.Whatwonderfula

D.Howawonderful●句型Ⅴ：How+形容詞+主語+謂語。5._____differentlifetodayis______whatitwas30yearsago!A.Whata;from

B.What;from

C.How;from

D.Howa;from●句型Ⅵ：How+副詞+主語+謂語。

6.______quicklyyouwalk!

A.How

B.What

C.Whata

D.Howa●句型Ⅶ：How+主語+謂語+其它！7.HowIwishthateveryfamilyhadacarinChina!總上所述，標準的感嘆句主要有以上七種基本句型，如果中心詞是可數(shù)的復數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞只能用what，不能用how;但是，當中心詞是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞時，要根據(jù)形容詞和不定冠詞的位置來決定what和how的選擇；如果中心詞是副詞或形容詞時，只能用how,不能用what。如何判斷用what還是用how來引導感嘆句方法一：凡是有a,an開頭的，多用what；方法二：凡是形容詞直接加名詞的，多用what；方法三：其它一般用how。()1.After

that

we

never

saw

her

again,

nor

____

from

her.

A．did

we

hear

B．we

heardC．had

we

heard

D．we

have

heard

()2.Only

in

this

way

____

progress

in

your

English.

A．you

make

B．can

you

makeC．you

be

ableto

make

D．will

you

able

to

make()3．

____

,he

doesn't

study

well.

A．As

he

is

clever

B．He

is

as

cleverC．Clever

as

he

is

D．As

clever

he

is()4．Not

until

I

began

to

work

____

how

much

time

I

had

wasted.

A．didn't

I

realize

B．did

I

realizeC．I

did't

realize

D．I

realize()5．Not

only

______

polluted

but

______

crowded.

A．was

the

city;

were

the

streetsB．the

city

was;

were

the

streets

C．was

the

city;

the

streets

wereD．the

city

was;

the

streets

were()6．No

sooner

______

than

he

realized

that

he

should

have

remained

silent.

A．had

the

words

been

spokenB．the

words

had

spoken

C．the

words

had

been

spokenD．had

the

words

spoken()7.Hearingthedogbarkingfiercely,away_____.A.fleeingthethiefB.wasfleeingthethiefC.thethiefwasfleeingD.fledthethief()8．Foramomentnothinghappened.Thenallshoutingtogether.A.voiceshadcomeB.camevoicesC.voiceswouldcomeD.didvoicescome()9．Ifeelitisyouaswellasyourwifethat____foryourson’sbadperformancesatschool.A.aretoblameB.aregoingtoblameC.aretobeblameD.istobeblamed()10．____tothedoctorrightaway,hemighthavebeenalivetoday.A.IfhewentB.HadhegoneC.WerehegoneD.Ifheshouldgo()11.Onlywhenthousandsofflowersbloomtogether.A.springwillbeconsideredhere B.couldspringbeconsideringhereC.canspringbeconsideredhere D.springcanbeconsideredhere()12.Neverinmylifesuchathing.A.Ihaveheardoforseen B.IhadheardoforseenC.haveIheardoforseenD.didIhearoforseen()13.SeldomTVduringtheday.A.theywatch B.aretheywatching C.havetheywatched D.dotheywatch()14.Hardly

______

the

airport

when

he

started

for

his

Destination.

A．I

had

reached

B．had

I

reachedC．I

had

reached

D．had

I

reached

to()15.Scarcely

______

asleep

when

a

knock

at

the

door

awakened

her.

A．she

had

fallen

B．had

she

fallenC．she

had

fell

D．had

she

fell()16.It_____MikeandMarywhohelpedtheoldmanseveraldaysago.A.was

B.are

C.were

D.hadbeen()17.Itwasnotuntil1920_____regularradiobroadcastsbegan.A.which

B.when

C.that

D.since()18.Itwas_____hesaid_____disappointedme.A.what,that

B.that,that

C.what,what

D.that,what()19.Itwasthetraining_____hehadasayoungman_____madehimsuchagoodengineer.A.what;that

B.that;what

C.that;which

D.which;that()20.—Wereallthreepeopleinthecarinjuredintheaccident?

—No,______onlythetwopassengerswhogothurt.A.therewere

B.itwere

C.therewas

D.itwas()21.Itwasnotuntil1936___baseballbecamearegularpartofOlympicGames.A.then

B.which

C.that

D.when()22.___in1943___theharmfulsmogmadeitsappearanceinLosAngeles.A.Only…thatB.Itwas…thenC.Thatitwas…whenD.Itwas…that()23.ItwasontheNationalDay___shemetwithherseparatedsister.A.that

B.where

C.when

D.which()24.___the1500's___thefirstEuropeanexploredthecoastofCalifornia.Itwasuntil……thenB.Itwasnotuntil…whenC.Itisuntil……thatD.Itwasnotuntil……that()25.theseancientbuildingsinthiscityare!WhatperfectlyprotectedB.Howperfectprotected