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倒裝句英語句子的自然語序是主語在前,謂語動詞在后。把謂語動詞放在主語之前,就叫倒裝結構。如果全部謂語放在主語之前,叫全部倒裝;只把助動詞或情態(tài)動詞放在主語之前就叫部分倒裝。一、完全倒裝
1.時間狀語now,then等,地點狀語here,there,out,in,up,down,away等副詞位于句首①Here
comes
the
bus.②There
goes
the
bell.③Now
comes
your
turn.
④Out
went
the
children.
當代詞作主語時,主謂語序不變。例如:⑤Here
it
is.
在這兒。⑥Here
he
comes.
他來了。
2.當句首狀語為表示時間或地點的介詞詞組時,也常常引起全部倒裝
①在城市南部坐落著一家鋼鐵工廠。South
of
the
city
lies
a
big
steel
factory.
②從山谷里傳來了一陣可怕的聲音。From
the
valley
came
a
frightening
sound.
3.表語置于句首時,倒裝結構為“表語+連系動詞+主語”
1)形容詞+連系動詞+主語
出席會議的有懷特教授,史密斯教授,格林教授及其他嘉賓。Present
at
the
meeting
were
Professor
White,
Professor
Smith,
Professor
Greenand
many
other
guests2)過去分詞+連系動詞+主語
他們可以隨心所欲的日子過去了。Gone
are
the
days
when
they
would
do
what
they
liked.
二、部分倒裝
1.If引導的條件狀語從句謂語動詞為were,had或should時,可省去if,把那三個詞挪至句首。
Had
you
reviewed
your
lessons,
you
might
have
passed
the
examination.
Werethereenoughhands,weshouldgoonwiththeproject.ShouldIbefreetomorrow,Iwillcometotheparty.3.用于“形容詞(或名詞、動詞)+as(though)引導的讓步狀語從句中”
①Pretty
as
she
is,
she
is
not
clever.
②Try
as
he
could,
he
might
fall
again.
如果從句的表語是名詞,其名詞前不加任何冠詞。
①盡管他還是個孩子,他不得不去謀生。Child
as
he
was,
he
had
to
make
a
living.
用于否定詞never,
hardly,
seldom,
scarcely,
barely,
little,
often,
at
no
time,
at
no
time,
not
only+部分倒裝butalso+不倒裝,
not
once,no
sooner+部分倒裝…
than+不倒裝…,hardly+部分倒裝…
when+不倒裝和not
until開頭的句型中
①我再也不做這個了。Never
shall
I
do
this
again.
②他幾乎不了解這個女人是誰。Little
did
he
know
who
the
woman
was.
③直到老師開始上課他才寫完作業(yè)。Not
until
the
teacher
came
did
he
finish
his
homework.
④他剛邁出家門電話鈴就響了。Nosoonerhadhesteppedoutofthehousethanthephonerang.⑤我剛到她們就要走了。HardlyhadIarrivedwhentheyhadtoleave.
5.用于only開頭的句子(only后面跟副詞、介詞短語或狀語從句)。
①只有以這種方式我們才能取得進步。Only
in
this
way
can
wemakeprogress.
只有當他告訴我的時候我才意識到他陷入到了什么樣的麻煩中。Only
when
he
told
me
did
I
realize
what
trouble
he
was
in.
6.用于so,nor,neither開頭的句子,表示重復前句部分內(nèi)容,原句的謂語應與前句謂語的時態(tài)、形式相一致.若表示強調前句內(nèi)容,則不倒裝。
①He
has
been
to
beijing.
So
have
I.
②Li
Wei
can't
answer
the
question.
Neither
can
I.LiLeifailedtheexam,sohedid.④Lucylikespaintings,soshedoes.7.用于某些表示祝愿的句子。祝你成功!May
you
succeed!
強調句一、強調句的基本結構及用法:強調句常用來突出說話人要強調的語言信息,給對方以強烈的印象和感受。譯成漢語時,常加上“正是…”等字眼。其基本結構是:It+be的適當形式+被強調成分+that(who)+其他成分Heboughtthebookinthisshopyesterday.→Itwashethatboughtthebookinthisshopyesterday.(強調主語he)→Itwasthebookthatheboughtinthisshopyesterday.(強調賓語thebook)→Itwasinthisshopthatheboughtthebookyesterday.(強調地點狀語inthisshop)【注意】在該強調結構中,It無任何意義但不可以換成this或者that等。Itis(was)…that(who)…為結構詞,假如去掉,剩下部分在語法結構和句子含義上均完整,這一點正是它和定語從句等的本質區(qū)別。關于that與who:當被強調部分指人時,可以用who(被強調部分的人作主語或賓語時)或者whom(被強調部分的人作賓語時)代替that;當被強調部分指物時通常用that;當被強調部分既包括人又包括物,用that不用whoItwasthethingsandpeoplethattheyrememberedthattheyweretalkingabout.當被強調部分是代詞時,用who不用that。當強調時間或地點或原因狀語時,不能用when/where/why代that(尤其是當這些狀語為介詞短語時)。在強調結構中,無論被強調的是人還是物,單數(shù)還是復數(shù),be動詞一律用單數(shù)is/was形式。感嘆句感嘆句通常有what,how引導,表示贊美、驚嘆、喜悅、等感情●句型Ⅰ:What+a/an+形容詞+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+主語+謂語。Thelittleboycameridingfullspeeddownthemotorwayonhisbicycle._______itwas!
AWhatadangerousscene
B.Whatdangerousascene
C.Howadangerousscene
D.Howdangerousthescene.●句型Ⅱ:What+形容詞+復數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+主語+謂語。2._____bigfish!Whendidyougetthem?
A.What
B.Whata
C.How
C.Howa●句型Ⅲ:What+形容詞+不可數(shù)名詞+主語+謂語。3._____terribleweatherwe’vebeenhavingthesedays!
A.Howa
B.Whata
C.How
D.What●句型Ⅳ:How+形容詞+a/an+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+主語+謂語。4._______pictureitis!A.Howwonderfula
B.Whatwonderful
C.Whatwonderfula
D.Howawonderful●句型Ⅴ:How+形容詞+主語+謂語。5._____differentlifetodayis______whatitwas30yearsago!A.Whata;from
B.What;from
C.How;from
D.Howa;from●句型Ⅵ:How+副詞+主語+謂語。
6.______quicklyyouwalk!
A.How
B.What
C.Whata
D.Howa●句型Ⅶ:How+主語+謂語+其它!7.HowIwishthateveryfamilyhadacarinChina!總上所述,標準的感嘆句主要有以上七種基本句型,如果中心詞是可數(shù)的復數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞只能用what,不能用how;但是,當中心詞是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞時,要根據(jù)形容詞和不定冠詞的位置來決定what和how的選擇;如果中心詞是副詞或形容詞時,只能用how,不能用what。如何判斷用what還是用how來引導感嘆句方法一:凡是有a,an開頭的,多用what;方法二:凡是形容詞直接加名詞的,多用what;方法三:其它一般用how。()1.After
that
we
never
saw
her
again,
nor
____
from
her.
A.did
we
hear
B.we
heardC.had
we
heard
D.we
have
heard
()2.Only
in
this
way
____
progress
in
your
English.
A.you
make
B.can
you
makeC.you
be
ableto
make
D.will
you
able
to
make()3.
____
,he
doesn't
study
well.
A.As
he
is
clever
B.He
is
as
cleverC.Clever
as
he
is
D.As
clever
he
is()4.Not
until
I
began
to
work
____
how
much
time
I
had
wasted.
A.didn't
I
realize
B.did
I
realizeC.I
did't
realize
D.I
realize()5.Not
only
______
polluted
but
______
crowded.
A.was
the
city;
were
the
streetsB.the
city
was;
were
the
streets
C.was
the
city;
the
streets
wereD.the
city
was;
the
streets
were()6.No
sooner
______
than
he
realized
that
he
should
have
remained
silent.
A.had
the
words
been
spokenB.the
words
had
spoken
C.the
words
had
been
spokenD.had
the
words
spoken()7.Hearingthedogbarkingfiercely,away_____.A.fleeingthethiefB.wasfleeingthethiefC.thethiefwasfleeingD.fledthethief()8.Foramomentnothinghappened.Thenallshoutingtogether.A.voiceshadcomeB.camevoicesC.voiceswouldcomeD.didvoicescome()9.Ifeelitisyouaswellasyourwifethat____foryourson’sbadperformancesatschool.A.aretoblameB.aregoingtoblameC.aretobeblameD.istobeblamed()10.____tothedoctorrightaway,hemighthavebeenalivetoday.A.IfhewentB.HadhegoneC.WerehegoneD.Ifheshouldgo()11.Onlywhenthousandsofflowersbloomtogether.A.springwillbeconsideredhere B.couldspringbeconsideringhereC.canspringbeconsideredhere D.springcanbeconsideredhere()12.Neverinmylifesuchathing.A.Ihaveheardoforseen B.IhadheardoforseenC.haveIheardoforseenD.didIhearoforseen()13.SeldomTVduringtheday.A.theywatch B.aretheywatching C.havetheywatched D.dotheywatch()14.Hardly
______
the
airport
when
he
started
for
his
Destination.
A.I
had
reached
B.had
I
reachedC.I
had
reached
D.had
I
reached
to()15.Scarcely
______
asleep
when
a
knock
at
the
door
awakened
her.
A.she
had
fallen
B.had
she
fallenC.she
had
fell
D.had
she
fell()16.It_____MikeandMarywhohelpedtheoldmanseveraldaysago.A.was
B.are
C.were
D.hadbeen()17.Itwasnotuntil1920_____regularradiobroadcastsbegan.A.which
B.when
C.that
D.since()18.Itwas_____hesaid_____disappointedme.A.what,that
B.that,that
C.what,what
D.that,what()19.Itwasthetraining_____hehadasayoungman_____madehimsuchagoodengineer.A.what;that
B.that;what
C.that;which
D.which;that()20.—Wereallthreepeopleinthecarinjuredintheaccident?
—No,______onlythetwopassengerswhogothurt.A.therewere
B.itwere
C.therewas
D.itwas()21.Itwasnotuntil1936___baseballbecamearegularpartofOlympicGames.A.then
B.which
C.that
D.when()22.___in1943___theharmfulsmogmadeitsappearanceinLosAngeles.A.Only…thatB.Itwas…thenC.Thatitwas…whenD.Itwas…that()23.ItwasontheNationalDay___shemetwithherseparatedsister.A.that
B.where
C.when
D.which()24.___the1500's___thefirstEuropeanexploredthecoastofCalifornia.Itwasuntil……thenB.Itwasnotuntil…whenC.Itisuntil……thatD.Itwasnotuntil……that()25.theseancientbuildingsinthiscityare!WhatperfectlyprotectedB.Howperfectprotected
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